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{\title THE SUPREME COURT OF FIJI (WESTERN DIVISION) AT LAUTOKA}{\author warren_j}{\operator maltungtung_l}{\creatim\yr2009\mo1\dy22\hr10\min4}{\revtim\yr2009\mo3\dy10\hr11\min18}{\version3}{\edmins9}{\nofpages3}{\nofwords1975}{\nofchars11259}
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\b\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid409566\charrsid12387712 IN THE }{\b\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 SUPREME COURT OF FIJI}{
\b\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5647213\charrsid12387712 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5647213 {\b\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5647213\charrsid12387712 (WESTERN DIVISION)
\par }{\b\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 AT LAUTOKA
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\par }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5647213\charrsid12387712 Action No. 97 of 197}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 7
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5647213 {\b\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 IN THE }{
\b\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5647213\charrsid12387712 MATTER OF }{\b\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12387712 TRADE UNIONS (RECOGNITION) ACT.
\par }{\b\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5647213\charrsid12387712 NO. 17 OF 1976
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5647213 {\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5647213\charrsid12387712 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5647213 {\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12387712\charrsid12387712 BETWEEN}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5647213\charrsid12387712 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5647213 {\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5647213\charrsid12387712 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5647213 {\b\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5647213\charrsid12387712 AND IN THE MATTER OF LEES TRADING COMPANY LIMITED}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12387712 
\par a duly incorporated company }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5647213\charrsid12387712 having i}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12387712 ts registered office at Lautoka
\par }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5647213\charrsid12387712 and carrying on business in Lautoka and else where.}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 
\par }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5647213\charrsid12387712 Plaintiff
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5647213 {\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5647213\charrsid12387712 AND
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5647213 {\b\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5647213\charrsid12387712 THE PERMANENT SECRETARY OF LABOUR}{
\b\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12387712 
\par }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5647213\charrsid12387712 1st Defendant
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5647213 {\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5647213\charrsid12387712 AND
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5647213 {\b\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5647213\charrsid12387712 THE ATTORNEY-GENERAL}{
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\par }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5647213\charrsid12387712 of }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9967925\charrsid12387712 H}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5647213\charrsid12387712 
er Majesty's Government of Fiji
\par 2nd Defendant
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9306693 {\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5647213\charrsid12387712 
\par Dr. M.S. Sahu Khan for the Plaintiff
\par Mr. S. Matawalu for the Defendants
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5647213 {\b\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5647213\charrsid12387712 JUDGMENT
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\par }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11417723\charrsid12387712 This is an originating summ}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 ons in which the plaintiff Lees Tradi}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6950119\charrsid12387712 ng Company Limited is suing the}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712  Permanent Secretary of Labour and also the Attorney}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15544951\charrsid12387712 -}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 General of Fiji asking for certain declarations respecting section 6 of the Trad}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6950119\charrsid12387712 e Unions (Recognition) Act 1976.}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712  That act came into force on 
1st September 1976. It appears that the plaintiff company employed some 100 workers of whom 85 said they were members of the National Union of Factory and. Commercial Worker
s. It appears that on 24th February 1977 the trade union above-named applied to the plaintiff for recognition under the Act but were asked to await the return of the managing director Lee}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6950119\charrsid12387712  }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 Wah Yip and his son Allen Lee who is the general manager of the company,}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9306693\charrsid12387712  }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 both of whom were out of Fiji. The pla}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6950119\charrsid12387712 i}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 ntiff says that the trade union did not wait, but on the other hand, it was not until 22nd }{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9065255\charrsid12387712 M}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 arch 1977 that the Permanent Secretary of Labour made an order under section 3 of the Act. Therei
n he order}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9065255\charrsid12387712 e}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 
d that the trade union was to be accorded recognition for the purposes of collective bargaining predating the recognition from 22nd February 1977. In these proceedings no objection is taken to the propriety of that order. 
The plaintiff, however, on 28th March advised the Permanent Secretary that it intended to withdraw recognition of the trade union and asked the Permanent Secretary to determine that as at 28th March 1977 the average number of persons in the company's empl
oyment who were voting members of the trade union which had been recognised was less than fifty percent of the persons in the company's employment who w}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5266228\charrsid12387712 e}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 r}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5266228\charrsid12387712 e}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712  }{
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\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 d to membership of the trade union. The Permanent Secretary declined stating that he was unable to accede to the company}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5266228\charrsid12387712 \rquote }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6454438\charrsid12387712 s}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 
 application until at least six months from the date of recognition of the trade union on 22nd February.
\par }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5266228\charrsid12387712 
\par }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 The question turns upon the interpretation of section 7 of the Trade Uni}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3093516\charrsid12387712 ons}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712  (Recognition) Act 1976. That act was apparently passed to further a}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3093516\charrsid12387712  }{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15288343\charrsid12387712 policy }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 of collective bargaining between employers and employees represented by trade unions, and the }{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3093516\charrsid12387712 m}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 achinery sections of the Act are set out in Part I}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3093516\charrsid12387712 I}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 
 which provides for the recognition of trade unions by employers, either by voluntary agreement or by order of the Permanent Secretary for Labour. The effect of recognition of a trade union is dealt with in Part III of the Act and is that an employer can 
then be required to deduct from the wages of employees who are members}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3093516\charrsid12387712  }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 of the tr}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3093516\charrsid12387712 a}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 de union such amounts tow}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3093516\charrsid12387712 a}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 rds tr}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3093516\charrsid12387712 a}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 
de union dues as the trade union may specify,}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15288343\charrsid12387712  and if }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 
an employer omits to make such deductions an offence is committed.
\par 
\par Before dealing with section 7 it is perhaps d}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3093516\charrsid12387712 e}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 sir}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3093516\charrsid12387712 a}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 ble to mention other sections of Part II of the Act. Section 3 deals with recognition of a tr}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3093516\charrsid12387712 a}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 de union where there is no riv}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3093516\charrsid12387712 a
}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 l trade union competing for recognition, and provides that wh}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3093516\charrsid12387712 e}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 re trade union has more than}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8931374\charrsid12387712  50%}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 
 of the employees of }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8931374\charrsid12387712 a}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 n employer, it c}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8931374\charrsid12387712 an }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 
ask for recognition, and if the employer refuses recognition application can then be made to the Permanent Secretary for Labour, who is empowered to }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8931374\charrsid12387712 make }{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 an order for co}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8931374\charrsid12387712 m}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 
pulsory recognition. I pause her}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16058689\charrsid12387712 e}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712  to observe that such an order was m}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16058689\charrsid12387712 ade in this case on 22nd March 1977. S}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 ections 4}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16058689\charrsid12387712 , 5}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712  and 6 deal with what happens when a}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16058689\charrsid12387712  }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 rival trade union appears on the scene. Section 8 would appear to be in the s}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16058689\charrsid12387712 a}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 me terms as section 3(2) and section 6, and enables the Per}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16058689\charrsid12387712 manent S}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 
ecretary to make a. decision on recognition if there is dispute between the employer and the trade union, and s}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16058689\charrsid12387712 e}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 ction }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16058689\charrsid12387712 9}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 
 provides that if the Permanent Secretary refuses to make a recognition order at the behest of a trade union, recognition must be deferred for six months. Section }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8544794\charrsid12387712 10 p}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 rovides for the exclusion of ce}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8544794\charrsid12387712 rtain types of employees from a}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712  recognition order, and section }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8544794\charrsid12387712 11}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712  provides for penalties }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8544794\charrsid12387712 res}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 
ulting from non-co}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8544794\charrsid12387712 m}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 plia}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8544794\charrsid12387712 n}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 ce with a recognition order or an agree}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8544794\charrsid12387712 ment}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 . I return then to section 7 the relevant provisions of which are as follows:
\par }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10028845\charrsid12387712 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13789625 {\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10028845\charrsid12387712 \'93}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 7.}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9306693\charrsid12387712  }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 A trade union which h}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11809407\charrsid12387712 as }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 become entitled to recognition by }{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11809407\charrsid12387712 a}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 n employer under the provisions of section 3 or section 5 of this Act sh}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11809407\charrsid12387712 a}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 ll continue to be so entitled until such time as the Permanent Secretary on an application by the }{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13789625\charrsid12387712 e}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 mployer, }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13789625\charrsid12387712 determines }{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 that over a period of six months ending not more than two months before the d}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13789625\charrsid12387712 a}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 te of application, the average nu}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13789625\charrsid12387712 m}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 ber of persons in his employment who were voting members of the recognised trad}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15282830\charrsid12387712 
e union was less than fifty per}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 cent, of the aver}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13789625\charrsid12387712 a}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 ge number of persons who were eligible for membership thereof, in which case from the date of the Permanent Secretary so determining the trade union in question shall}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13789625\charrsid12387712  }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 c}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13789625\charrsid12387712 ea}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 s}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13789625\charrsid12387712 e }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 to be entitled to rec
ognition:}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9306693\charrsid12387712 "}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 
\par }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13789625\charrsid12387712 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9306693 {\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 
The Plaintiff wants the recognition order ended, and as I understand Dr. S}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1995625\charrsid12387712 a}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 
hu Khan, it says that if the Permanent Secretary goes back for six months over}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1995625\charrsid12387712  }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 
the lists of those eligible to join the trade union and those actually joining the n}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1995625\charrsid12387712 umbers }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 of persons who
}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1995625\charrsid12387712  were voting members }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 of the trade union will be }{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9385285\charrsid12387712 found to be less than fifty per}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 
cent of those eligible to join. The Permanent Secretary on the other hand takes the view that he does not have to deal with the matter }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1995625\charrsid12387712 at all }{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 until at le}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1995625\charrsid12387712 a}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 st
 six months have elapsed from the date when the recognition}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1995625\charrsid12387712  order became effective, viz. 2}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 
2nd February and when the}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1995625\charrsid12387712  p}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 laintiff applied to hi}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1995625\charrsid12387712 m}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712  to end the recognition order he refused to do so and invited the plaintiff to apply anew after 
22nd August 1977. }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8283392\charrsid12387712 Mr.}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712  }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8283392\charrsid12387712 Matawalu
}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712  of counsel for the Permanent Secretary put forward a third answer, n}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8283392\charrsid12387712 am}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 ely that the Permanent Secretary was entitled, having received an application to end to recognition order, to simply defer it for six months. I have no
 hesitation in rejecting Mr. Matawalu's suggestion.}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9306693\charrsid12387712  }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 
I can see nothing whatever in the section to indicate that that is the true construction. I come back to the competing interpretations of the plaintiff }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2114901\charrsid12387712 a}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 nd the Permanent Secretary. I begin by drawing attention to something, which although it does not appear to affect the }{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2114901\charrsid12387712 m}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 
atter to be now decided, is unhelpful in seeking a construction of the section. I refer to the two senses in which the words }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2114901\charrsid12387712 \lquote d}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 etermine' and 'determination' are}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2114901\charrsid12387712  }{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 used.}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9306693\charrsid12387712  }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 In the }{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202496\charrsid12387712 m}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 arginal note, and there is no need for me to decide whether or not the marginal or side note forms }{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202496\charrsid12387712 p}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 art of the section, the words 'det}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202496\charrsid12387712 e}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 r}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202496\charrsid12387712 mination }{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 of recognition' appear to mean 'ending of recognition'. On the other h}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202496\charrsid12387712 a}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 nd, the words 'determines' in the seventh line }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202496\charrsid12387712 a}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 nd 'dete}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202496\charrsid12387712 rmining' in the sixteenth line appear }{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 to be used to m}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202496\charrsid12387712 e}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 an 'decides' }{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202496\charrsid12387712 a}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 nd 'deciding'. }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202496\charrsid12387712 N}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 ext it see}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202496\charrsid12387712 m}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 s to}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202496\charrsid12387712  me that }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 the Permanent Secretary, when he receives }{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202496\charrsid12387712 an }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 application to end recognition, is obliged to look }{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202496\charrsid12387712 a}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 t the position over a period of six months.
\par 
\par That can only be for }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1396407\charrsid12387712 a}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712  period prior to the d}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1396407\charrsid12387712 ate }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 in which he receives the }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1396407\charrsid12387712 a}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 pplic}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1396407\charrsid12387712 a}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 
tion to end recognition. But that, it would s}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1396407\charrsid12387712 eem}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712  is not }{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1396407\charrsid12387712 all}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 . The applicant is entitled to ask the Per}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14773839\charrsid12387712 manent}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712  Secretary to go b}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14773839\charrsid12387712 a}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 ck }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14773839\charrsid12387712 a further }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8993776\charrsid12387712 
two months. So that }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14092501\charrsid12387712 i}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 n this case the plaintiff would have been }{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14092501\charrsid12387712 en}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 titl}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14092501\charrsid12387712 e}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 d to as}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14092501\charrsid12387712 k}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 
 the Permanent Secretary to go back for six months before 28th January 1}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14092501\charrsid12387712 9}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 77 to find out wh}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14092501\charrsid12387712 e}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 th}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14092501\charrsid12387712 e}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 r the }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14092501\charrsid12387712 a}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 ver}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14092501\charrsid12387712 age number}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712  of person in the pl}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14092501\charrsid12387712 
aintiff}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 's }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14092501\charrsid12387712 e}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 mploy}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14092501\charrsid12387712 m}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 ent who were voting }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14092501\charrsid12387712 m}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 embers}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14092501\charrsid12387712  }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 
of the trade union over th}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14092501\charrsid12387712 at}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712  period was less than fifty per cent of the aver}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14092501\charrsid12387712 a}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 ge number of persons in the plaintif}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9306693\charrsid12387712 f}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14092501\charrsid12387712 \rquote s }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 
employment who were eligible for membership of the trade union.
\par 
\par I accept Dr. Sahu Khan's submission that the object of interpretation of a statute is to discover the intention of the l}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5399864\charrsid12387712 egislature}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712  as expressed in the statute. }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5399864\charrsid12387712 He}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 
 submits that nowhere in the statute can be found an intention that the }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5399864\charrsid12387712 employer}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712  must accept}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5399864\charrsid12387712  }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 a recognition order for six months before he can attempt to have it set aside. }{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5399864\charrsid12387712 Mr.Matawalu}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712  refers }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5399864\charrsid12387712 me}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712  to }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5399864\charrsid12387712 M}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 axw}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5399864\charrsid12387712 e}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 ll on the Interpret}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5399864\charrsid12387712 a}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 tion of St}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5399864\charrsid12387712 a}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 tut}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5399864\charrsid12387712 es and }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 particul}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5399864\charrsid12387712 a}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 rly to the 'mischief rule' as s}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5399864\charrsid12387712 e}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 
t forth in H}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5399864\charrsid12387712 e}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 ydone case in 1584 }{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5399864\charrsid12387712 and }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 applied in many cases since, and he submits that the reason for t}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5399864\charrsid12387712 he}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712  six}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5399864\charrsid12387712  m}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 onth p}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5399864\charrsid12387712 e}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 riod is to}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12387712  }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 enable the P}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5399864\charrsid12387712 ermanent }{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14157005\charrsid12387712 Secretary to}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712  look at the position for}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9306693\charrsid12387712  }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 six months, }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5399864\charrsid12387712 a}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 nd he further su}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5399864\charrsid12387712 ggested }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 that }{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5399864\charrsid12387712 any}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712  other interpretation would d}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5399864\charrsid12387712 
efeat}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712  the purpose of the Act.}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5399864\charrsid12387712  }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 
I }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6429824\charrsid12387712 a}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 m afraid that }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6429824\charrsid12387712 I am }{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 quite un}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6429824\charrsid12387712 a}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 
ble to follow that. I adapt the rule laid down by P}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6429824\charrsid12387712 a}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 r}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6429824\charrsid12387712 ke B }{\b\i\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6429824\charrsid12387712 Be}{\b\i\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 c}{
\b\i\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6429824\charrsid12387712 k}{\b\i\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 s v Smith}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712  (1836)}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9306693\charrsid12387712  }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6429824\charrsid12387712 2 M&W 191, 1}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 50 E. R.}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9306693\charrsid12387712  }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 724,}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9306693\charrsid12387712  }{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 726:
\par }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6429824\charrsid12387712 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6429824 {\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12587797\charrsid12387712 \'93}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 It is a very useful rule in the construction of a st}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12587797\charrsid12387712 a}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 tute}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12587797\charrsid12387712  }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 to adhere to the ordinary 
}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12587797\charrsid12387712 meaning }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 of the }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12587797\charrsid12387712 w}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 ords used, and to the gra}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12587797\charrsid12387712 mmatical }{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 construction, unless th}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12587797\charrsid12387712 at }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 
is at vari}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12587797\charrsid12387712 a}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 nc}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12587797\charrsid12387712 e}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712  with the int}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12587797\charrsid12387712 e}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 ntion of the l}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12587797\charrsid12387712 e}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 gislatur}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12587797\charrsid12387712 e}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 , to be coll}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12587797\charrsid12387712 e}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 ct}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12587797\charrsid12387712 e}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 d fro}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12587797\charrsid12387712 m }{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 the statute itself, or l}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12587797\charrsid12387712 e}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8993776\charrsid12387712 
ads to any }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12587797\charrsid12387712 mani}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 fest absurdity or re}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9271335\charrsid12387712 pugnance}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712  in which case the language }{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9271335\charrsid12387712 may}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712  be varied or }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9271335\charrsid12387712 m}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 odifi}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9271335\charrsid12387712 e}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 
d, so as to avoid such inconvenience but no further}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9306693\charrsid12387712 "}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 .
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid343966 {\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid343966\charrsid12387712 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9306693 {\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid343966\charrsid12387712 Almost }{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 the}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid343966\charrsid12387712  same }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 words w}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid343966\charrsid12387712 e}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 re used by }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid343966\charrsid12387712 
Lord Birkenhead in delivering the opinion of the Committee for Privi}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 leges in the }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid343966\charrsid12387712 House }{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 of Lords in Visc}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid343966\charrsid12387712 c}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 untess Rhondd}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid343966\charrsid12387712 a}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 's Cl}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid343966\charrsid12387712 aim }{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 (1}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid343966\charrsid12387712 9}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8993776\charrsid12387712 22) 2 A.C. 3}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 39, 365, and in }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid343966\charrsid12387712 Magor & St. Mellens v Newport Corporation (1951) 2 A. E. R. 839, }{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 841}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9306693\charrsid12387712 , }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 Viscount Si}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid343966\charrsid12387712 m}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 onds L. C.}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9306693\charrsid12387712  }{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 in }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid343966\charrsid12387712 effect rejects the view which Mr. Matawalu sought to impress upon me. He said:}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12852311 {\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9306693\charrsid12387712 "}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 It is sufficient to }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12852311\charrsid12387712 
say that the general proposition that it is the duty of the Court to find out the intention of Parliament- and not only of Parliament}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10355870\charrsid12387712  but of Ministers also \endash  cannot by }{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6757203\charrsid12387712 any }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10355870\charrsid12387712 means be supported .The duty of the Court is to interpret the words that the legislature has used.\'94
}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10355870 {\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10355870\charrsid12387712 
\par Here I think that the ordinary meaning of the words used is to enable the Permanent Secretary to strike an average in nu
mbers which might fluctuate from day to day, both as regards employees who were eligible to become members of a trade union. I confess, however, that the reason why the period of calculation should start two months before the employer\rquote 
s application is made, escapes me entirely. Perhaps it is not relevant in this application, because the employer in his letter to the Permanent Secretary has itself asked that the period for calculation should end at 25th March }{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8410542\charrsid12387712 1}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10355870\charrsid12387712 977}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1010020\charrsid12387712 . It does not therefor
e seek to take advantage of the longer period allowed}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7302714\charrsid12387712  by the }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16460496\charrsid12387712 statute}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7302714\charrsid12387712  It is, however, relevant to say that the period from which the six months is to be calculated would appear to be fixed by the employer and not by the Permanent Secretary.}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13645378\charrsid12387712  I can see no rea
sons to depart from the ordinary meaning of the words used as I have endeavoured to set it forth. Nor can I see that by so construing the section I am in any way defeating the purpose of the legislature. In short I can see nothing in the section to permit
 the Permanent Secretary to defer the Plaintiff\rquote s application or reject it on the ground that it cannot be made for six months from the effective date of recognition of the trade union. It is true that section 9 prescribes that if the Per}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9699525\charrsid12387712 manent secretary refuses to make a compulsory recognition order, the trade union is not to be entitled to recognition by that employer for six months from the date of refusal. }{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3501027\charrsid12387712 But that is very far from saying that an employer cannot apply for six months fr
om the making of a recognition order to have it removed. There may well be perhaps, good sense in that omission, for circumstances of employment and registration often change from day to day. The Permanent Secretary filed no affidavit so the Court was lef
t
 in ignorance of the mischief which might ensue if the ordinary interpretation were adopted, nor was Mr. Matawalu able to enlighten me, save to suggest that there may have been a sudden influx of employees of the plaintiff company into the trade union. I 
would have thought that m}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7144768\charrsid12387712 i}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3501027\charrsid12387712 ght have been a very good reason why the Permanent Secretary should }{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7144768\charrsid12387712 not have been rushed into the making of an order. But this is mere speculation}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid144123\charrsid12387712 .}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10355870\charrsid12387712 
\par }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid144123\charrsid12387712 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9306693 {\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid144123\charrsid12387712 
Be that as it may, I think that the plaintiff has made out its case and is entitle
d to some relief from this court. I am not prepared to make all the declarations that it seeks. In the first place I am not prepared to set out to give a true interpretation of section 7 of the Act.}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5341000\charrsid12387712  The plaintiff is entitled to a declaration that under section 7 of }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8410542\charrsid12387712 the Trade Unions (Recognition) A}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5341000\charrsid12387712 ct 1976 it is entitled at any time after the effective date of recognition of the National }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14359619\charrsid12387712 Union}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5341000\charrsid12387712  of Factory and commer}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14359619\charrsid12387712 
cial Workers to make an application to the Permanent Secretary to end that recognition. I do not think it is necessary to declare that the Permanent Secretary shall consider the plaintiff\rquote 
s application. I am sure that he will. Since I am asked to make a declaration as to time I will declare that the period of six months referred to in the Act shall in this case end at 28th March 1977, the date}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11993353\charrsid12387712  for which the plaintiff asked in its letter of that date. The plaintiff has succeeded substantially in its application and is entitled to its costs.}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145064\charrsid12387712 
\par }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11993353\charrsid12387712 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid811350 {\b\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid811350\charrsid12387712 (SGD) K.A. STUART}{
\b\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11993353\charrsid12387712 
\par }{\b\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid811350\charrsid12387712 JUDGE
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9306693 {\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid811350\charrsid12387712 
\par LAUTOKA,
\par 10th June, 1977
\par }}