{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\uc1\deff0\stshfdbch0\stshfloch0\stshfhich0\stshfbi0\deflang1033\deflangfe1033{\fonttbl{\f0\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f180\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f181\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f183\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f184\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f185\froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f186\froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f187\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f188\froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}}{\colortbl;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue255;\red0\green255\blue255;
\red0\green255\blue0;\red255\green0\blue255;\red255\green0\blue0;\red255\green255\blue0;\red255\green255\blue255;\red0\green0\blue128;\red0\green128\blue128;\red0\green128\blue0;\red128\green0\blue128;\red128\green0\blue0;\red128\green128\blue0;
\red128\green128\blue128;\red192\green192\blue192;}{\stylesheet{\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \snext0 \styrsid8128637 Normal;}{\*\cs10 \additive \ssemihidden 
Default Paragraph Font;}{\*\ts11\tsrowd\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblind0\tblindtype3\tscellwidthfts0\tsvertalt\tsbrdrt\tsbrdrl\tsbrdrb\tsbrdrr\tsbrdrdgl\tsbrdrdgr\tsbrdrh\tsbrdrv 
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1024\langfe1024\cgrid\langnp1024\langfenp1024 \snext11 \ssemihidden Normal Table;}{\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext15 \styrsid8128637 Style 2;}{\s16\ql \fi1296\li0\ri0\sl360\slmult0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 
\sbasedon0 \snext16 \styrsid8128637 Style 1;}}{\*\listtable{\list\listtemplateid247785826\listhybrid{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid865873492
\'02\'00.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li1080\jclisttab\tx1080\lin1080 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid253501922
\'03(\'01);}{\levelnumbers\'02;}\fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li1800\jclisttab\tx1800\lin1800 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698715
\'02\'02.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\hres0\chhres0 \fi-180\li2520\jclisttab\tx2520\lin2520 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698703\'02\'03.;}{\levelnumbers
\'01;}\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li3240\jclisttab\tx3240\lin3240 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698713\'02\'04.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\hres0\chhres0 
\fi-360\li3960\jclisttab\tx3960\lin3960 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698715\'02\'05.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\hres0\chhres0 \fi-180\li4680
\jclisttab\tx4680\lin4680 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698703\'02\'06.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li5400\jclisttab\tx5400\lin5400 }
{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698713\'02\'07.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li6120\jclisttab\tx6120\lin6120 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2
\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698715\'02\'08.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\hres0\chhres0 \fi-180\li6840\jclisttab\tx6840\lin6840 }{\listname ;}\listid1449354195}}
{\*\listoverridetable{\listoverride\listid1449354195\listoverridecount0\ls1}}{\*\rsidtbl \rsid18494\rsid77822\rsid139005\rsid196808\rsid203105\rsid224381\rsid338430\rsid537502\rsid552053\rsid607150\rsid672748\rsid786928\rsid794758\rsid802443\rsid865930
\rsid944611\rsid983458\rsid1009642\rsid1209389\rsid1268217\rsid1320588\rsid1376291\rsid1390841\rsid1398906\rsid1584648\rsid1729023\rsid1769682\rsid1861859\rsid1917344\rsid1977997\rsid2052069\rsid2295843\rsid2296171\rsid2299641\rsid2578786\rsid2696272
\rsid2698587\rsid2763591\rsid2967650\rsid3022485\rsid3039574\rsid3103778\rsid3162444\rsid3170452\rsid3416762\rsid3439401\rsid3868201\rsid3939128\rsid3998005\rsid4000989\rsid4133787\rsid4134715\rsid4158902\rsid4341957\rsid4400076\rsid4601680\rsid4680742
\rsid4850505\rsid5202952\rsid5259834\rsid5529808\rsid5705386\rsid6162735\rsid6377975\rsid6822423\rsid6839478\rsid6844664\rsid7542468\rsid7610625\rsid7804331\rsid7807951\rsid7952950\rsid8072759\rsid8128637\rsid8343042\rsid8419064\rsid8548346\rsid8595451
\rsid8851346\rsid8869128\rsid8869600\rsid8934493\rsid9445696\rsid9452453\rsid9589181\rsid9973617\rsid9978685\rsid10113427\rsid10174978\rsid10178278\rsid10319439\rsid10443183\rsid10512402\rsid10683519\rsid10692692\rsid11087364\rsid11163140\rsid11341895
\rsid11354538\rsid11667298\rsid11812270\rsid11939043\rsid11940661\rsid11953967\rsid12089669\rsid12260031\rsid12539322\rsid12668172\rsid12676185\rsid12716194\rsid12989774\rsid13314409\rsid13464016\rsid13506418\rsid13516053\rsid13661712\rsid13711874
\rsid13721168\rsid13786183\rsid14027974\rsid14041166\rsid14156073\rsid14183592\rsid14435780\rsid14483658\rsid14489284\rsid14502371\rsid14559216\rsid14646380\rsid14757749\rsid14813878\rsid14879425\rsid15039670\rsid15223701\rsid15232449\rsid15297458
\rsid15338554\rsid15366236\rsid15402439\rsid15410153\rsid15426916\rsid15495901\rsid15622916\rsid15751623\rsid15757769\rsid15881455\rsid16126654\rsid16199373\rsid16325338\rsid16341491\rsid16342440\rsid16414360\rsid16601696\rsid16657393\rsid16661602
\rsid16672894\rsid16675273\rsid16676209}{\*\generator Microsoft Word 10.0.6850;}{\info{\title ZIP TF~ S}{\author Teniau_d}{\operator maltungtung_l}{\creatim\yr2009\mo1\dy23\hr11\min36}{\revtim\yr2009\mo3\dy3\hr16\min12}{\version54}{\edmins743}{\nofpages6}
{\nofwords4294}{\nofchars18898}{\*\company USP, Emalus Campus}{\nofcharsws23060}{\vern16393}{\*\password 00000000}}{\*\xmlnstbl }\paperw11678\paperh16598\margl0\margr0\margt0\margb0\gutter0 
\widowctrl\ftnbj\aenddoc\grfdocevents0\noxlattoyen\expshrtn\noultrlspc\dntblnsbdb\nospaceforul\hyphcaps0\formshade\horzdoc\dgmargin\dghspace180\dgvspace180\dghorigin1701\dgvorigin1984\dghshow1\dgvshow1
\jexpand\viewkind4\viewscale100\pgbrdrhead\pgbrdrfoot\splytwnine\ftnlytwnine\htmautsp\nolnhtadjtbl\useltbaln\alntblind\lytcalctblwd\lyttblrtgr\lnbrkrule\nobrkwrptbl\snaptogridincell\allowfieldendsel\wrppunct\asianbrkrule\rsidroot8128637 \fet0
{\*\wgrffmtfilter 013f}\sectd \linex0\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid196808\sftnbj {\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang 
{\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7
\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain 
\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11940661 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid983458 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF FIJI}{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9452453\charrsid1390841 
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11940661\charrsid1390841 (WESTERN DIVISION)
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid196808 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11940661\charrsid15881455 AT LAUTOKA
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11940661 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11940661\charrsid15881455 APPELLATE JURISDICTION
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid196808 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid196808\charrsid1390841 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11940661 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid196808\charrsid1390841 CRIMINAL APPEAL No}{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11940661\charrsid1390841 . 25 OF 1977
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11940661 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11940661\charrsid1390841 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11940661 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11940661\charrsid1390841 BETWEEN
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11940661 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11940661\charrsid1390841 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11940661 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11940661\charrsid1390841 VONIVATE DRAUNIMASI
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11940661\charrsid1390841 A}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1584648\charrsid1390841 ppellant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11940661\charrsid1390841 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11940661 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11940661\charrsid1390841 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11940661 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11940661\charrsid1390841 AND
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11940661 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11940661\charrsid1390841 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11940661 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11940661\charrsid1390841 REGINAM
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11940661\charrsid1390841 R}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1584648\charrsid1390841 espondent}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11940661\charrsid1390841 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8128637 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11940661\charrsid1390841 
\par Dr. M.S. Sahu }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid196808\charrsid1390841 Khan, Counsel for the Appellant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11940661\charrsid1390841 
\par Mr. Ikbal K}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid196808\charrsid1390841 han, Counsel for the Respondent}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11940661\charrsid1390841 
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11940661 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid196808\charrsid1390841 JUDGMENT}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11940661\charrsid1390841 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8128637 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11940661\charrsid1390841 
\par The appellant was convicted in a magistrate}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid196808\charrsid1390841 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11940661\charrsid1390841 
s court for the crime of rape and was sentenced to four years imprisonment on 14/2/77}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid196808\charrsid1390841 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11940661\charrsid1390841 
 He was not convicted until more than 2 years after he first appeared before the Magistrate on 24.1.75. By the time the trial commenced there had been sixteen mention dates.
\par 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid196808\charrsid1390841 On 18.6.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11940661\charrsid1390841 
76 two defence witnesses had been called by the appellant and an adjournment was granted to allow the appellant to trace some additional witnesses. Thereafter there was adjournment f}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid196808\charrsid1390841 
rom month to month until on 29.12.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11940661\charrsid1390841 76 the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11354538\charrsid1390841 m}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11940661\charrsid1390841 
agistrate quite rightly refused to grant any further adjournments for the appellant to trace his alleged witnesses. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8934493\charrsid1390841 
The appellant then close his case. I am inclined to the view that the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14559216\charrsid1390841 m}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8934493\charrsid1390841 
agistrate would have been justified in refusing any further adjournment at a much earlier stage. If a person charged with a serious offence has good sound witnesses one may expect that he will keep in touch with them.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11940661\charrsid1390841 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8934493\charrsid1390841 
\par The evidence led by the prosecution showed }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1009642\charrsid1390841 that the complainant who was 16}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8934493\charrsid1390841 \'bd
 years on 23/1/75, the date of the offence, was with her boyfriend in the late ev}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14559216\charrsid1390841 ening}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8934493\charrsid1390841 
. They went towards the Catholic School compound and noticed that the appellant was following them. His persistence was sufficiently
 disturbing to cause them, once they were inside the compound to hide under one of the school buildings but after searching around the appellant located them and they }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1009642\charrsid1390841 then }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8934493\charrsid1390841 tried to run away from him. The girl tripped and fell and then the appellant overtoo
k them and explained that he was the night watchman of the school and that they were trespassers. He said they were many police in the vicinity and that }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2052069\charrsid1390841 
the boy friend should take a certain route to avoid detection by the police and he (appellant) would escort the girl by another route. Having thus got rid of the boy friend the accused raped the complainant.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8934493\charrsid1390841 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2052069\charrsid1390841 
\par The accused}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid196808\charrsid1390841 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2052069\charrsid1390841 
s evidence-in-chief amounted to little more than a denial but his defence was revealed when he was cross-examined. It was to the effect th
at he was with some companions including his girl friend (D.W.2) having a drink near the school compound when they saw a man running from the compound and the accused decided to investigate because the man may be a thief. Accordingly he went into the comp
ound and he then happened to see the complainant running. He says he asked if she had been stealing and that she told him her father had chased her and he (appellant) says that at this time the police appeared and arrested him. He denied having inter}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6377975 course with the complainant. D.W.1 and D.W.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2052069\charrsid1390841 2 who is the appellant}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid196808\charrsid1390841 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2052069\charrsid1390841 s de facto wife supported the testimony.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11940661\charrsid1390841 

\par 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6377975 P.W.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid338430\charrsid1390841 
10, a constable, who was one of the police called to the scene saw the appellant with the girl who was weeping and who complained at once that the appellant had raped her. The appellant denied the allegation.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11940661\charrsid1390841 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid338430\charrsid1390841 
\par After his arrest the appellant made a statement to P.W.11, Police Supt. Jone Sawau, in which he said he stumbled over the complainant who was lying in the grass. In his statement the appellant said
 that the complainant explained her presence in the compound by saying that she was running away from her father. Thereupon she begged appellant to have intercourse with her and tried to pull }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15039670\charrsid1390841 him }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid338430\charrsid1390841 on to the ground; then she removed her shorts and the appell
ant succumbing to the temptress had intercourse with her at her request.
\par 
\par There were thirteen witnesses for the prosecution and three for the defence.
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid338430 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid338430\charrsid1390841 The grounds of appeal are briefly that the Magistrate}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6377975  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid338430\charrsid1390841 -
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6377975 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6377975 1. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11953967\charrsid1390841 
Did not properly direct himself in evaluating the evidence of the witnesses in that,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid338430\charrsid1390841 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6377975 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6377975 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6377975 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6377975 (a) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11953967\charrsid1390841 
he assessed the credibility of witnesses on demeanour alone,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11953967 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6377975 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6377975\charrsid1390841 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6377975 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6377975 (b) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11953967\charrsid1390841 
rejected the defence evidence because he accepted the prosecution evidence,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11953967 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6377975 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6377975\charrsid1390841 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6377975 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6377975 (c) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11953967\charrsid1390841 did not consider other re
levant inconsistencies in the prosecution evidence.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6377975 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6377975 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6377975 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6377975 2. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11953967\charrsid1390841 
Did not properly direct himself on the issue of corroboration and misdirected himself in treating the evidence of Jone Sawau as sufficient corroboration.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6377975 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6377975 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6377975 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6377975 3. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11953967\charrsid1390841 
The verdict is unreasonable and cannot be supported having regard to the evidence as a whole.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11953967 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11953967\charrsid1390841 
\par Dr. Sahu Khan for the appellant submitted that it is the Magistrate}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid196808\charrsid1390841 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11953967\charrsid1390841 
s duty to evaluate the evidence of the witnesses and this he failed to do.
\par 
\par The Magistrate}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid196808\charrsid1390841 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11953967\charrsid1390841 s reference to the evidence was undoubtedly sketchy in the extreme and it would have been}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid607150\charrsid1390841 
 preferable for him to record a more detailed and analytical reference to the evidence as a whole. He referred to the evidence of the complainant and her boyfriend and he said in his judgment,}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11953967\charrsid1390841 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid607150\charrsid1390841 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid607150 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1268217 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid607150\charrsid1390841 I have considered the evidence of}
{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1268217  P.W.2 the complainant and P.W.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid607150\charrsid1390841 
6 Lilo and observed their demeanour in the witness box. They were each cross-examined at lengthy by the accused and I found that there was nothing in their demeanour to suggest that they got tog}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1268217 
ether and made a false story \'85\'85 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid607150\charrsid1390841 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1268217 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid607150\charrsid1390841 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid607150 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid607150\charrsid1390841 
\par That statement by the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10692692\charrsid1390841 m}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid607150\charrsid1390841 
agistrate shows that he had taken careful notice of these two witnesses but he also made reference to other prosecution witnesses whose evidence supported some aspects of the evidence of the complainant and her 
boyfriend. Thus earlier in his judgment he said when describing how the appellant was pursuing the couple,
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid607150 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1268217 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2295843\charrsid1390841 
The complainant had yelled out once when she had tripped and fell on the ground. Hearing this yelling some Indian family members came to }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16126654 the }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2295843\charrsid1390841 scene and after some conversatio}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15232449\charrsid1390841 n they left}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1268217 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15232449\charrsid1390841 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid607150\charrsid1390841 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2295843 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2295843\charrsid1390841 
\par In that connection the complainant had said in evidence that when she tripped she called out for an Indian called Daniel, a neighbour of her sister who lived nearby, that an Indian and his wife appeared but the appe
llant having persuaded them all that he was the school}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid196808\charrsid1390841 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2295843\charrsid1390841 s night wat}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16126654 chman the Indians went away. P.W.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2295843\charrsid1390841 6, the complainant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid196808\charrsid1390841 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2295843\charrsid1390841 s boy friend, gave evidence that he saw an Indian appear when the complainant called out. P.W. 8, an Indian }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12089669\charrsid1390841 
male said he heard a girl call }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid196808\charrsid1390841 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2295843\charrsid1390841 help Daniel help}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid196808\charrsid1390841 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2295843\charrsid1390841 . He went to the scene and saw the appellant and the complainant and the appellant said h}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16126654 e was the school watchman. P.W.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2295843\charrsid1390841 8 prompted the complainant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid196808\charrsid1390841 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16126654 s sister, P.W.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2295843\charrsid1390841 9, who lives nearby, to summon police help.
\par 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16126654 P.W.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2295843\charrsid1390841 7}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4000989\charrsid1390841 
, the priest in charge of the school in question, stated that appellant was not employed by the school as a caretaker or watchman.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2295843\charrsid1390841 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4000989\charrsid1390841 
\par If the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13516053\charrsid1390841 m}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4000989\charrsid1390841 
agistrate believed these prosecution witnesses then they supported not only the evidence of the complainant but also that of her boy}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10113427  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4000989\charrsid1390841 friend in important details which could help the magistrate to accept the complainant and her boy}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10113427  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4000989\charrsid1390841 friend as truthful. The evidence that the appellant falsely claimed to be the watchman at the school would no doubt give reason to believ
e that the appellant had an ulterior motive in telling such a lie and that the motive was to get rid of the boy}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10113427  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4000989\charrsid1390841 
friend by assuming an authority he (accused) did not possess and thereby contriving to leave the complainant alone with the appellant.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2763591\charrsid1390841 
\par The }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7610625\charrsid1390841 m}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2763591\charrsid1390841 agistrate also referred to the m}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10113427 
edical evidence as supporting the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2763591\charrsid1390841  complainant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid196808\charrsid1390841 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2763591\charrsid1390841 
s evidence of intercourse taking place that night. Although the reference was brief I do not think it was accidental.
\par 
\par The }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7610625\charrsid1390841 m}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2763591\charrsid1390841 agistrate was not basing his acceptance of the complainant}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid196808\charrsid1390841 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2763591\charrsid1390841 s evidence and that of her boy}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10113427  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2763591\charrsid1390841 friend on demeanour alone; his judgment shows that he had already referred to the evidence of the Indian in connection with the complainant}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid196808\charrsid1390841 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2763591\charrsid1390841 s call for help and that of a doctor on the issue of sexual intercourse to which I will refer later.
\par 
\par A similar ground of appeal was raised in }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2763591\charrsid10113427 Mohammed Abdul Razak v. R.}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10113427 ,}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2763591\charrsid1390841  Cr. App. 80/72 before the learned Chief Justice who quoted the following observations from a judgment of Lord Shaw in the House of Lords in }{
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2763591\charrsid10113427 Clarke v. Edinburgh Tramway Co.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2763591\charrsid1390841  1919 s.c. (H.L}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid983458 .}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2763591\charrsid1390841 ) 33,
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2763591 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1268217 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2763591\charrsid1390841 
When a judge sees and hears witnesses and makes a conclusion or inference with regard to what is the weight on balance of their evidence, that judgment is entitled to great respect, and that quite irre
spective of whether the judge makes any observation with regard to credibility or not.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1268217 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2763591\charrsid1390841 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2763591 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2763591\charrsid1390841 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8128637 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2763591\charrsid1390841 The Chief Justice again considered a similar ground of appeal in }{
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2763591\charrsid10113427 Jan Barkat Ali v. R.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2763591\charrsid1390841 , Cr. App. 59/72 and he referred }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8343042\charrsid1390841 to the judgment Blair-Kerr J in }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8343042\charrsid10113427 Ng Pui Fong & Ors. v. R, }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8343042\charrsid10113427 H.K.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8343042\charrsid1390841 
 Cr. App. No. 354 of 1963. There, that learned judge of very considerable and wide experience in criminal law stated,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11940661\charrsid1390841 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8343042\charrsid1390841 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8343042 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1268217 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8343042\charrsid1390841 In }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6839478 making his findings of fact, a m}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8343042\charrsid1390841 agistrate is not required to write what amounts to a ser}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6839478 ies of character studies of the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8343042\charrsid1390841  w
itnesses who have testified before him. If he chooses to give reasons, such reasons when taken in conjunction with the written record of the evidenc}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6839478 e may enhance the value of the m}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8343042\charrsid1390841 agistrate}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid196808\charrsid1390841 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6839478 s judgment. But it}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8343042\charrsid1390841  frequently }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6839478 happens that it is the general impression }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8343042\charrsid1390841 
which a witness gives to a }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6839478 m}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8343042\charrsid1390841 agistrate which convinces him that a witness is truthful or otherwise.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1268217 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8343042\charrsid1390841 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8128637 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11940661\charrsid1390841 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8343042\charrsid1390841 In the instant appeal the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3939128\charrsid1390841 m}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8343042\charrsid1390841 agistra
te stated towards the end of his judgment that the accused and his two witnesses had given an entirely different version. I have referred to their version which differs greatly from that given by the prosecution witnesses. The }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3939128\charrsid1390841 m}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8343042\charrsid1390841 agistrate repeatedly very li
ttle of the defence evidence in recording his judgment but it would not be correct to assume that this necessarily demonstrates a failure to consider it. In fact at the very outset of his judgment he says the accused has suggested that the prosecution wit
nesses have concocted a story against him. The accused said that he was innocently partaking in a drink with his companions when the police arrived }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3998005\charrsid1390841 
and this very evidence was adverted to by the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3939128\charrsid1390841 m}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3998005\charrsid1390841 agistrate at the beginn}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6844664 ing of his judgment and to the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3998005\charrsid1390841 f}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6844664 a}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3998005\charrsid1390841 ct that his two witnesses supported him.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11940661\charrsid1390841 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3998005\charrsid1390841 
\par In my view the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14183592\charrsid1390841 m}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3998005\charrsid1390841 agistrate}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid196808\charrsid1390841 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3998005\charrsid1390841 s judgment reveals that in concluding that the prosecution witnesses were truthful he had not overlooked or ignored the defence.
\par 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6844664 Ground 1}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3998005\charrsid1390841 (b) complains that the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12668172\charrsid1390841 m}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3998005\charrsid1390841 agistrate rejected evidence because he accepted the prosecution evidence. No particulars whatever were presented in the grounds of appeal to support this contention. For a }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12668172\charrsid1390841 m}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3998005\charrsid1390841 agistrate to state that he disbelieved the defence because he believed the prosecution is quite fatal and would be 
disastrous mistake for a }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12668172\charrsid1390841 m}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3998005\charrsid1390841 
agistrate to make after a long and careful trial. An accusation of so serious a nature should not be levelled at a }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12668172\charrsid1390841 m}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3998005\charrsid1390841 agistrate without giving particulars in a petition of the words used by the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12668172\charrsid1390841 m}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3998005\charrsid1390841 agistrate which infallibly reveals so erroneous an approach. It is not the kind of ground which can be supported by submitting that an overall picture reveals that the }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12668172\charrsid1390841 m}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3998005\charrsid1390841 agistrate rejected the defence case because he accepted that of the prosecution. Dr. Sahu Khan referred to }{
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3998005\charrsid6844664 Lockhart-Smith v. Republic (of Tanzania)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3998005\charrsid1390841  1965 A.E.L.R. 211 in which the trail }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12668172\charrsid1390841 m}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3998005\charrsid1390841 agistrate used words which almost literally said he d}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6844664 
isbelieved the defence because }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3998005\charrsid1390841 he believed the prosecution. The learned Judge in that case }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16341491\charrsid1390841 
observed that such a remark demonstrated that the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12668172\charrsid1390841 m}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16341491\charrsid1390841 
agistrate had not weighed the prosecution case against that of the defence. In my view it would be wrong for an appellate court to infer generally from a judgment that a }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12668172\charrsid1390841 m}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16341491\charrsid1390841 agistrate had adopted such an approach. It must be strictly shown that the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12668172\charrsid1390841 m}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16341491\charrsid1390841 agistrate used words from which the conclusion can fairly be drawn }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4133787 than }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16341491\charrsid1390841 that he disbelieved the defence because he believed the prosecution. In }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16341491\charrsid4133787 Jack Fields v. R.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16341491\charrsid1390841 , 26 Cr. App. R. 211 Du Parcq J. said with regard to the drafting of appeals,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3998005\charrsid1390841 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16341491\charrsid1390841 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16341491 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1268217 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16341491\charrsid1390841 If misdirection is comp
lained of it must be stated whether it is one of law or of fact, and its nature must also be stated. If omission is complained of, it must be stated what is alleged to have been omitted.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4133787  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16341491\charrsid1390841 It is only placing an unnecessary burden on the Court to search through a summing up and the transcript of evidence to find out what there may be to be complained of, but it is al}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12539322\charrsid1390841 s}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4133787 o unfair to the prosecution \'85.. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16341491\charrsid1390841 .}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1268217 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11940661\charrsid1390841 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16341491 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16341491\charrsid1390841 
\par Quite recently the Court of Appeal (Cr. Division) in }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16341491\charrsid14156073 R v. Nicco}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16341491\charrsid1390841 , Cr. L. Rev. 1972, 420 said,
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16341491 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1268217 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12989774\charrsid1390841 It is the duty
 of counsel who settle grounds to see that they are properly particularised. General grounds are of little assistance and do not comply with the rule}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14156073 s}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12989774\charrsid1390841 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1268217 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16341491\charrsid1390841 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12989774 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12989774\charrsid1390841 
\par The words used by }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14502371\charrsid1390841 m}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12989774\charrsid1390841 agistrate which directly and speci}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12676185 fic}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12989774\charrsid1390841 ally show that he disbelieved the defence because he believed the prosecution will not be many and they should be given as particulars of that infallible ground of appeal.
\par 
\par Dr. Sahu Khan, at the hearing, referred to p. 28 of the typed record containing the penultimate paragraph of the judgment at lines 9 to 13 which read:-
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12989774 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1268217 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12989774\charrsid1390841 
I accept the evidence of the witnesses Jone Sawau and his evidence provides sufficient corroboration. The accused and his two witnesses told the court a different version. I reject their evidence.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1268217 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12989774\charrsid1390841 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12989774 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12989774\charrsid1390841 
\par Those sentences must be considered in their context but even as they stand the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14502371\charrsid1390841 m}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12989774\charrsid1390841 
agistrate cannot be said to state that he rejects the evidence of the appellant and his witnesses because he believes that of Jone Sawau.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16341491 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11940661\charrsid1390841 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8128637 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12989774\charrsid1390841 Prosecution witness Jone Sawau, a police superintendent, took a statement }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15223701\charrsid1390841 from the appellant at the police station. The Magistrate was referring to that statement when he wrote the above quoted words and he was considering whether Jone Sawau}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid196808\charrsid1390841 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15223701\charrsid1390841 s evidence contained corroboration of the complainant}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid196808\charrsid1390841 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15223701\charrsid1390841 
s evidence. I have already mentioned that statement in which the appellant said the complainant stripped and begged him to have intercourse with her and that he obliged. The appellant denied in cross-examination that he had told Supt. Sawa
u that he had had intercourse with the complainant. He also denied in his statement that he had described himself as the night watchman and chased the boy}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12676185  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15223701\charrsid1390841 friend away and he denied having seen the complainant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid196808\charrsid1390841 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15223701\charrsid1390841 s boy}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12676185  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15223701\charrsid1390841 friend that night or the Indian male, P.W
.8. When he gave e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12676185 vidence the appellant, in cross-}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15223701\charrsid1390841 examination, denied}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13464016\charrsid1390841  admitting to Supt. Jone Sawau that he had had intercourse with the complainant and still maintained that he had no}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12676185 
t seen the boy friend (P.W.6) or}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13464016\charrsid1390841  the Indian P.W.8. It was necessary to decide whether Jone Sawau had fabricated the statement and the }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14502371\charrsid1390841 m}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13464016\charrsid1390841 
agistrate decided that Jone Sawau was speaking the truth and that the accused had made the statement. He then went on to say that the accused and his two witnesses had told a different version from that which the accused had given to Supt. Sa}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14502371\charrsid1390841 wau}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13464016\charrsid1390841 . At some stage the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14502371\charrsid1390841 m}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13464016\charrsid1390841 agistrate had to indicate whether he accepted the prosecutor}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid196808\charrsid1390841 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13464016\charrsid1390841 s version. The mere fact that he says he rejects the accused}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid196808\charrsid1390841 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13464016\charrsid1390841 s version at the same time as he accepts the prosecution version cannot be construed as meaning that he rejects one simply because he accepts the other.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11940661\charrsid1390841 
\par 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3039574 Ground 1}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13464016\charrsid1390841 (c) alleges that the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224381\charrsid1390841 m}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13464016\charrsid1390841 agistrates ignored inconsistencies in the prosecution evidence. This is a very vague and general ground and is of no assistance whate
ver to the Court or to the respondent. It is what the Court of Appeal }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4158902\charrsid1390841 complained of in }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4158902\charrsid3039574 
Jack Fielding v. R (supra)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4158902\charrsid1390841 . In }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4158902\charrsid3039574 A.M. Cairns v. R.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4158902\charrsid1390841  XX Cr. App. R.44 the Court of Appeal stated:-}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11940661\charrsid1390841 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4158902\charrsid1390841 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4158902 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1268217 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4158902\charrsid1390841 
The Court wishes it to be understood that in future substantial particulars of misdirection or of other objections to the summing up, must always be set o}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3039574 ut in the notice of appeal \'85\'85. }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16657393\charrsid1390841 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1268217 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4158902\charrsid1390841 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4158902 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4158902\charrsid1390841 
\par The inconsistencies complained of, if any in fact exist, should be mentioned in particulars supporting that very ground.
\par 
\par I was referred to alleged inconsistencies in the evidence of the complainant and her boy}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16675273  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4158902\charrsid1390841 
friend. They did not appear to me to be inconsistencies. Thus I was referred to the complainant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid196808\charrsid1390841 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16675273 s evidence-}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4158902\charrsid1390841 in-chief that the accused was at one time working at Raymond}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid196808\charrsid1390841 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4158902\charrsid1390841 s Night Club and that she had known him for 2 years. In cross-examination she said she did not know where the accused }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10174978\charrsid1390841 was working prior to this night. The appellant submits those remarks are inconsistent. She (complainant) did not say in-chief that the accused was working at Raymond}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid196808\charrsid1390841 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10174978\charrsid1390841 
s immediately before the night of the rape but rather that he had worked there and further on in the cross-examination she said that the accused was not at Raymond}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid196808\charrsid1390841 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10174978\charrsid1390841 s the ni
ght before the rape. I have examined the other allegations of inconsistencies and they no more reflect on the credibility of the witnesses than that which I have quoted in detail.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4158902\charrsid1390841 

\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10174978\charrsid1390841 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10174978 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10174978\charrsid1390841 The whole of ground one fails.
\par 
\par Ground 2 alleges that the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16657393\charrsid1390841 m}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10174978\charrsid1390841 agistrate erred 
in regarding the evidence of Jone Sawau as sufficient corroboration, and that he had failed adequately to direct himself on the issue of corroboration.
\par 
\par In }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10174978\charrsid16675273 Mohammed Kasim v. R.,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10174978\charrsid1390841  Cr. 
App. 48/76 which was a case of rape, I sated, as Judge conducting that appeal, at p. 18 of the typescript, that where a professional }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4134715\charrsid1390841 m}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10174978\charrsid1390841 agistrate alone conducts a trial for a sexual offence, he is not obliged to specifically direct }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9973617\charrsid1390841 
himself as to the need for corroboration provided there is corroboration and provided it is apparent that he must have accepted it.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10174978\charrsid1390841 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8128637 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11940661\charrsid1390841 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9973617\charrsid1390841 The learned }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15426916\charrsid1390841 m}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9973617\charrsid1390841 
agistrate in this case did refer to the danger of convicting on uncorroborated evidence and stated that the evidence of Supt. Jone Sawau provided sufficient corroboration}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589181\charrsid1390841 
. The only evidence given by Jone Sawau was to introduce the appellant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid196808\charrsid1390841 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589181\charrsid1390841 s statement in 
which the appellant admitted having intercourse with the complainant. What then did the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15426916\charrsid1390841 m}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589181\charrsid1390841 
agistrate mean when he said}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid77822  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589181\charrsid1390841 - }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1268217 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589181\charrsid1390841 I accept the evidence of the witness Jone Sawau and his evidence provides sufficient corroboration}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1268217 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589181\charrsid1390841 ? It would have been better if the learned Magistrate had gone into this aspect in more detail to show in what way he regarded it as corroborative. The Magistrate in beli}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid77822 eving Jone Sawau was saying}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589181\charrsid1390841  he was satisfied that the accused had admitted to the police that he had had intercourse with t
he complainant. In his evidence during the trial the accused denied having had intercourse with the complainant.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11940661\charrsid1390841 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589181\charrsid1390841 
\par Dr. Sahu Khan submits that the complainant must be corroborated on the issue of lack of consent and that of sexual intercourse and that the learned }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4400076\charrsid1390841 m}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589181\charrsid1390841 agistrate had omitted to indicate which of those issues was corroborated by the evidence of Supt. Jone Sawau.
\par 
\par The }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4400076\charrsid1390841 m}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589181\charrsid1390841 
agistrate was entitled to ask himself why the appellant should, soon after his arrest tell the police that he had intercourse with th
e complainant if this were not correct. It is well established that an inculpatory statement made by a person prior to his trial may be regarded as reflecting the truth. The }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4400076\charrsid1390841 m}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589181\charrsid1390841 agistrate was entitled to wonder why the appellant did not maintain that the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8869128\charrsid1390841 complainant consented}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589181\charrsid1390841  instead of untruthfully saying that he did not have intercourse at all. In my view}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8869128\charrsid1390841 
 he was entitled to conclude that the accused denied making that statement to Jone Sawau because the sexual intercourse which he had admitted in the statement was had without consent.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589181\charrsid1390841 

\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8869128\charrsid1390841 
\par As I have said earlier, the appellant in his police statement to Supt. Jone Sawau that he had not seen P.W.6, the complainant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid196808\charrsid1390841 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8869128\charrsid1390841 s boy}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid18494  friend or P.W.8 the Indian}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8869128\charrsid1390841 
 at the scene on the night in question.
\par 
\par It is clear from the Magistrate}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid196808\charrsid1390841 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8869128\charrsid1390841 
s judgment that he was satisfied that the appellant had seen them and had spoken to them. It follows that the accused had lied to the police superintendent on those matters. It was held in }{
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8869128\charrsid1729023 R.}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1729023\charrsid1729023  }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8869128\charrsid1729023 v}{
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1729023 .}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8869128\charrsid1729023  Chapman}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8869128\charrsid1390841 
 1973, 2 W.L.R. 876 at 883 that lies told out of Cou}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1729023 rt may amount to corroboration,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8869128\charrsid1390841 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8869128 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1268217 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8869128\charrsid1390841 
Proof of a lie told out of Court is capable of being direct evidence, admissible at the trial, amounting to affirmative proof of the untruthful of the defendant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid196808\charrsid1390841 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8869128\charrsid1390841 s denial of guilt. This in turn may tend to confirm the evidence against him and to implicate him in the offence charged.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1268217 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8869128\charrsid1390841 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8869128 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8869128\charrsid1390841 
\par Why should the appellant falsely deny to the Superintendent that the Indian and the boy}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1729023  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8869128\charrsid1390841 
friend had seen him? The appellant chased the boy friend by pretending to be a watchman thereby depriving the complainant }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6162735\charrsid1390841 of her companion before raping her. To admit the boy}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1729023  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6162735\charrsid1390841 friend was there would defeat the appellant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid196808\charrsid1390841 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6162735\charrsid1390841 s allegation that the complainant was alone when the appellant met her and had intercourse
 with consent. Likewise the Indian, P.W.8, claimed that he had heard the complainant call out in fear and had found the accused with her. The accused had also got rid of the Indian and succeeded in being alone with the complainant. Those lies we}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1729023 r}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6162735\charrsid1390841 e also capable of corroborating a lack of consent in the light of the surrounding evidence which the }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8072759\charrsid1390841 m}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6162735\charrsid1390841 agistrate had accepted.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8869128\charrsid1390841 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6162735\charrsid1390841 
\par Earlier in his judgment the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10178278\charrsid1390841 m}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6162735\charrsid1390841 agistrate referred to the medical evidence as corroborating that the complainant had 
}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1729023 had }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6162735\charrsid1390841 sexual intercourse recently.
\par 
\par Ground 2 also fails.
\par 
\par Ground 3 appears to find its way into most criminal appeals. It seems to be regarded as a make weight and yet it is not an easy ground to succeed upon. It may be as well to draw attention to the comments of the Privy Council in }{
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6162735\charrsid1729023 Aladesern v. R.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6162735\charrsid1390841 , 39 Cr. App. R. 184 at 186 that for such a ground to succeed }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2578786\charrsid1390841 the verdict should be one which no reasonable tribunal could have found. In }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2578786\charrsid1729023 R v. Chalk}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2578786\charrsid1390841 
, 1961 Cr. L. Rev.326 at 327 the Court of Appeal observed that if there was evidence to go to the jury and no misdirection it would not set aside the verdict on the ground that it was one which a reasonable jury could not have arrived at. Although the evi
dence in a trial may be weak and lacking in corroboration, as for example in cases of sexual assault, the Court of Appeal said in F. J. Hopkins}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1729023  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2578786\charrsid1390841 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1729023  }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid786928 Hus}{
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2578786\charrsid1729023 son v. R.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2578786\charrsid1390841  34 Cr. App. R. 47 that it would not interfere.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6162735\charrsid1390841 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8128637 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8128637\charrsid1390841 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2578786\charrsid1390841 In the instant appeal, it is obvious from the evidence to which I have referred that there was ample evidence to support a finding of guilt.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8128637\charrsid1390841 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2578786\charrsid1390841 
\par Ground 3 fails.
\par 
\par Accordingly the appeal against conviction is dismissed. But I would endorse a view frequently expressed by the learned Chief Justice that }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1861859\charrsid1390841 m}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2578786\charrsid1390841 
agistrates should endeavour to appraise the evidence with some particularity pointing to aspects where one witness supports another; where a set of circumstances supports the credibility of a witness}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid196808\charrsid1390841 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16601696\charrsid1390841 s }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14646380\charrsid1390841 story, and so forth.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2578786\charrsid1390841 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8128637\charrsid1390841 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14646380\charrsid1390841 With regard to the appeal agains
t sentence I notice that the accused has several convictions for dishonestly and one for assault causing actual bodily harm on 30.7.73 for which he received 7 months imprisonment suspended for 18 months. Therefore on 23/1/75 when the accused committed rap
e the s}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1209389 uspended sentence was still exta}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14646380\charrsid1390841 nt and it was the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1861859\charrsid1390841 m}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14646380\charrsid1390841 agistrate}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid196808\charrsid1390841 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14646380\charrsid1390841 
s duty to consider it at the time of imposing the sentence for rape. The accused is not unfamiliar with the inside of a prison and has revealed a tendency to violence.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8128637\charrsid1390841 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14646380\charrsid1390841 
\par I do not consider the sentence of 4 years imprisonment to be excessive in all the circumstances.
\par 
\par I do observe that on 26.4.74, in the same court the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1861859\charrsid1390841 m}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14646380\charrsid1390841 
agistrate had convicted this accused of larceny and sentenced him to 6 months imprisonment whilst the suspended sentence of 7 months imprisonment (supra) was still extant. Again the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1861859\charrsid1390841 m}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14646380\charrsid1390841 agistrate did not deal with it.
\par 
\par One wonders why a }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14489284\charrsid1390841 m}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14646380\charrsid1390841 
agistrate imposes suspended sentences if he subsequently fails to consider them on a subsequent conviction. Such failure is in breach of his magisterial duty and it is open to the Crown to seek the necessary order to require him to consider it.
\par 
\par The appeal against conviction and sentence is dismissed.
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14757749 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14646380\charrsid1390841 (SGD) J.T}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14757749\charrsid1390841 
. WILLIAMS}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14646380\charrsid1390841 
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1390841\charrsid1390841 JUDGE}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14757749\charrsid1390841 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8128637 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14757749\charrsid1390841 
\par L}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2967650\charrsid1390841 AUTOKA}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1209389 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14757749\charrsid1390841 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14489284\charrsid1390841 5th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14757749\charrsid1390841  August, 1977.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8128637\charrsid1390841 
\par 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14757749\charrsid1390841 Messrs. Sahu Kha}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1209389 n & Sahu Khan for the Appellant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8128637\charrsid1390841 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14757749\charrsid1390841 Director of Public }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1209389 Prosecutions for the Respondent}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14757749\charrsid1390841 
\par 
\par Date of Hearing: }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2967650\charrsid1390841 15th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14757749\charrsid1390841  July, 1977.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11087364\charrsid1390841 
\par }}