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\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3019779 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12261549\charrsid3019779 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF FIJI
\par I}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3019779\charrsid3019779 N DIVORCE}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12261549\charrsid3019779 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3019779 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3019779\charrsid3019779 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3019779 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13336248 ACTION NO}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3019779 . 28 OF }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12261549\charrsid3019779 1977}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12261549 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3019779 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3019779\charrsid3019779 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3019779 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12261549\charrsid3019779 B}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3019779 ETWEEN}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12261549 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3019779 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3019779\charrsid3019779 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3019779 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12261549\charrsid3019779 NINA BROWN TAYLOR}{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3019779\charrsid3019779 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12261549\charrsid3019779 Petitioner}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12261549 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3019779 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3019779\charrsid3019779 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3019779 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3019779\charrsid3019779 A}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3019779 ND}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12261549 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3019779 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3019779\charrsid3019779 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3019779 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3019779\charrsid3019779 KEVIN GEOFFREY TAYLOR
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12261549\charrsid3019779 Respondent}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12261549 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3019779 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3019779\charrsid3019779 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3019779 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12261549\charrsid3019779 DECISION
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3019779 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3019779\charrsid3019779 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12261549\charrsid3019779 The petitioner in her petition alleges that}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3019779  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12261549\charrsid3019779 
the respondent deserted her in England in March 1973 and she then returned to Fiji and has not lived with her husband since.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12261549 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3019779\charrsid3019779 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12261549\charrsid3019779 In evidence the petitioner stated:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12261549 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3019779\charrsid3019779 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3019779 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12261549\charrsid3019779 
"In March 1973 he told me that it was the end of our marriage and I could return to Fiji. I had no choice but to return to Fiji."}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12261549 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3019779 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3019779\charrsid3019779 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12261549\charrsid3019779 This is all the evidence that the petitioner offered in support of her allegation that she was deserted by the respondent. She called one witness, her sister }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3019779 Mara}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12261549\charrsid3019779 ia Brown}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3019779  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12261549\charrsid3019779 who merely established that the petitioner returned to Fiji in March 1973 and since that time the respondent has not rejoined the petitioner.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12261549 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3019779\charrsid3019779 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12261549\charrsid3019779 It is clear from the record that the petitioner's petition is based on constructive desertion which is defined in section 16 of the Matrimonial Causes Ordinance as under:}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12261549 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3019779\charrsid3019779 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3019779 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12261549\charrsid3019779 "16.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3019779\charrsid3019779  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12261549\charrsid3019779 A married person whose conduct constitutes just cause or excuse for t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3019779 he other party to the marriage to }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12261549\charrsid3019779 live separately or apart, and occasions that other party to live separately}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3019779  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12261549\charrsid3019779 or apart, shall be deemed to have wilfully deserted that other party wi}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3019779 thout just cause or excuse, not}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12261549\charrsid3019779 withstanding that that person may}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3019779  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12261549\charrsid3019779 
not in fact have intended the conduct to occasion that other party to live separately or apart."}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12261549 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3019779 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3019779\charrsid3019779 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12261549\charrsid3019779 The petitioner's evide}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3019779 nce does not }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12261549\charrsid3019779 
in my view satisfactorily establish constructive desertion by the respondent. It would appear from the petitioner's evidence}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3019779  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12261549\charrsid3019779 
that the parties may have initially agreed that the petitioner could return to Fiji or the respondent may not have been concerned whether she did or did not return to Fiji.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3019779\charrsid3019779  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12261549\charrsid3019779 There could however be a background to the petitioner's contention that she had no choice but to return to Fiji which might establish constructive desertion.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12261549 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3019779\charrsid3019779 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12261549\charrsid3019779 I consider the petitioner should be allowed a further opportunity to establish constructive desertion within the meaning of the term in section 16 of the Ordinance. If}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3019779  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12261549\charrsid3019779 the petitioner is relying on the fact that she was expelled f
rom the matrimonial home either by conduct or words there should be evidence to this effect. If she relies solely on expulsive words then the evidence must establish that the words}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3019779  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12261549\charrsid3019779 used by the respondent make}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3019779  it clear that they finally con}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12261549\charrsid3019779 
clusively and eff
ectively showed an intention by the respondent to expel the petitioner from the matrimonial home. The petitioner's evidence should also explain why she had to return to Fiji thereby putting herself in a position where it would be very difficult for the re
spondent to have the petitioner return to the matrimonial home. The petitioner should also state what contact if any she has had with her husband since March 1973 and what if any steps she has taken to persuade}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3019779  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12261549\charrsid3019779 her husband to take her back.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12261549 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3019779\charrsid3019779 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12261549\charrsid3019779 If it is the respondent's conduct which drove the petitioner out of the matrimonial home and such conduct can be corroborated in some material particular by an independent witness}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3019779  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12261549\charrsid3019779 affidavit evidence may be given on behalf of the petitioner by an independent witness.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3019779\charrsid3019779  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12261549\charrsid3019779 If no such witness is available the petitioner's evidence should explain why no such witness is available.
\par 
\par The question whether there has been proper service must be considered before there is any rehearing.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12261549 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3019779\charrsid3019779 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12261549\charrsid3019779 The petitioner made application to serve the petition by registered post at two addresses stated in her supporting affidavit. The learned Magist}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3019779 rate made an order for substitu}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12261549\charrsid3019779 ted service to be in the form o}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3019779 
f an advertisement in two conse}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12261549\charrsid3019779 cutive issues in a 
daily paper printed and published in Cheshire, England. The record does not indicate why the order did not refer to publication in a newspaper circulating in Hull North Humberside England the other address where the respondent could have been residing as 
mentioned in the petitioner's affidavit.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12261549 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3019779\charrsid3019779 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12261549\charrsid3019779 The affidavit sworn by Balram Singh a clerk employed by the petitioner's solicitors exhibits two copies of the Liverpool Daily Post dated 1st and 2nd February 1977. Balram}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3019779  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12261549\charrsid3019779 Singh in his affidavit states as a bare fac
t that the Liverpool Daily Post has a circulation in Wirral Cheshire but there is nothing in his affidavit to indicate his knowledge of this alleged fact nor is there any explanation as to why the Court's order was not strictly complied with - namely adve
rtising in a daily newspaper "printed and published and circulated in Cheshire England".
\par 
\par The affidavit in support of the application for substituted service was not in proper form. Joske's Marriage and Divorce 4th Edition Reprint at page 375 states:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12261549 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3019779\charrsid3019779 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3019779 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3019779 "Affidavit in support}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5264685 .}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12261549\charrsid3019779  - On an application for an order for substituted service or to dispense with service an affidavit}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10892253  by the petitioner is essential.}
{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12261549\charrsid3019779  The evidence placed before the Court should show that all reasonable inquiries and searches have been made a
nd that all avenues through which the respondent might be traced have been investigated; details of inquiries made of relatives, friends, any other}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3019779  persons, whose names and addre}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12261549\charrsid3019779 sses should be given, and the result}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3019779  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12261549\charrsid3019779 
of the inquiries, should be set out. So l
ong as it appears that there is any reasonable line of inquiry which has not been pursued, the court will decline to make an order for substituted service. It is well to have corroboration of a petitioner's affidavit, and where it alone is relied on, it m
ust be very clear and must state specifically what inquiries have been made."}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12261549 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3019779 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3019779\charrsid3019779 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12261549\charrsid3019779 However, it was for the learned Magistrate and not this Court to consider the application and he has made an order which however was not the proper order he should have}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3019779  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12261549\charrsid3019779 made. The
 order should also have covered advertising in a newspaper circulating in Hull Humberside England. A proper form of order would be to}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7678436  order the form of advertisement}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3019779  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12261549\charrsid3019779 to be published in two consecutive issues of a daily newspaper printed and published in En
gland and circulating in Childer Thornton, Wirral Cheshire and also publication in a paper circulating in Hull North Humberside. The publications}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3019779  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12261549\charrsid3019779 should be verified by affidavit of someone who has knowledge of the facts or who states the source of such knowledge i.e.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3019779  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12261549\charrsid3019779 for example by annexing a letter from an United Kingdom agent or agents who have knowledge of the facts.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12261549 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3019779\charrsid3019779 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12261549\charrsid3019779 I order that the case be set down for hearing de novo before the Magistrate who heard the evidence or another Magistrate if he is not available.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12261549 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3019779\charrsid3019779 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12261549\charrsid3019779 It is appreciated that the petitioner will be put to further expense and de}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5448925 lay but the alternative to a re}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12261549\charrsid3019779 hearing would be to dismiss the petition in view of the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3019779  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12261549\charrsid3019779 
unsatisfactory position regarding both the question of substituted service and the nat
ure of the evidence adduced in support of the petition. While I have given some indication as to the nature of the evidence which would support the allegation of desertion this is by way of illustration only to assist the petitioner. It is for the petitio
ner to establish desertion by the respondent and this court is}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3019779  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12261549\charrsid3019779 
not concerned with how she does it provided she does establish it and provided the court is satisfied that all}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3019779  reasonable steps in the circu}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12261549\charrsid3019779 mstances have been taken to bring notice of the petition to the respondent.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12261549 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3019779\charrsid3019779 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12261549\charrsid3019779 The Magistrate should first take steps to vary his order so as to cover both addresses of the respondent given by the petitioner and after compliance with the}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3019779  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12261549\charrsid3019779 varied order the case should then be reheard.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12261549 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3019779\charrsid3019779 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3019779 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12261549\charrsid3019779 (SGD) R.}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3019779\charrsid3019779  }{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12261549\charrsid3019779 G. K}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15812297 ermode}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3019779\charrsid3019779 
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12261549\charrsid3019779 JUDGE
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3019779 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3019779\charrsid3019779 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12261549\charrsid3019779 Suva,
\par 16th March, 1977.
\par }}