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\paperw12240\paperh15840\margl1440\margr1440\margt1440\margb1440\gutter0 \widowctrl\ftnbj\aenddoc\grfdocevents0\noxlattoyen\expshrtn\noultrlspc\dntblnsbdb\nospaceforul\subfontbysize\hyphcaps0\formshade\horzdoc\dghspace120\dgvspace120\dghorigin1701 \dgvorigin1984\dghshow0\dgvshow3\jcompress\viewkind4\viewscale100\pgbrdrhead\pgbrdrfoot\nolnhtadjtbl\rsidroot14381174 \fet0{\*\wgrffmtfilter 013f}\sectd \psz266\linex0\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid5907228\sftnbj {\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (} {\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9 \pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16580755 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 { \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16580755 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF FIJI}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 \par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16580755 REVISIONAL JURISDICTION}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16580755 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16580755 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 Review}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16209649\charrsid16580755 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15663431 No.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16209649\charrsid16580755 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 6}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16209649\charrsid16580755 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 o f}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16209649\charrsid16580755 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15663431 1}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 977 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16580755 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16580755 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16580755\charrsid16580755 IN THE MATTER}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10886149 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10886149 of the \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 Criminal Procedure Code}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16580755 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16580755\charrsid16580755 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16580755 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16580755\charrsid16580755 AND IN THE MATTER}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10886149 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16580755\charrsid16580755 of}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1275414 Criminal Case No. 1415 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10886149 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1275414 of 1977}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10886149 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16580755\charrsid16580755 before the Magistrates Court at Suva \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16580755 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16580755 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16580755 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16580755\charrsid16580755 REGINAM \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16580755\charrsid16580755 Complainant \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16580755 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16580755 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16580755 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16580755 AND}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16580755 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16580755\charrsid16580755 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16580755 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 TE}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16580755\charrsid16580755 MO MAYA \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16580755\charrsid16580755 Respondent}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16580755 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16580755 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16580755\charrsid16580755 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16580755 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 ORDER O}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16580755\charrsid16580755 N}{ \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 REVISION \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16580755 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16580755\charrsid16580755 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 The accused was charged with three offences. The first count charged him with careless driving contrary to section 37 of the Traffic Ordinance, the secon}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16580755 d with driving without a driving}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 l}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16580755 icence contrary to section 23(1}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 ) of that Ordinance and the third with using a motor vehicle while uninsured in respect of third party risks contrary }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16580755 to section 4(1) and (2) of the M}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 otor V}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10121314 ehicles (Third Party I}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 nsurance) Ordinance.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16580755\charrsid16580755 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16580755 He p}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 leaded guilty and was convicted on all counts. On the first count he was fined $25 in default one month's imprisonment, on each of}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16580755 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 the second and third counts, $10 in default}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16580755 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 10 days' imprisonment. He was in addition disqual}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6708631 ified,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160231 as required by section 4}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 (2) of the Motor Vehicles (Third Party Insurance) Ordinance, from holding or obtaining a driving licence for a period of 12 months. \par \par The l}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160231 e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 arned}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160231 M}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 agistrate feels that he }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160231 ma}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 y have been in error }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160231 in}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 holding,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16209649\charrsid16580755 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160231 in respec}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 t }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160231 of the third count, tha}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 t there was at the relevant time no policy }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160231 of insurance in respect}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160231 o}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 f third party risks covering the accused }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160231 an}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 d the vehicle }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160231 driven by him. He ha}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 s, th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160231 ere}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 fore, referred }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160231 t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 he }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160231 matter to this Court}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8075305 for it}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160231 t}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 o }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160231 decide whether or not a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8066793 n error ha}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 s been made }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160231 and, if so, w}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 hether or not this Court's revisional }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160231 powe}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 rs should be exercise to rectify}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160231 it.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 \par \par The incident from which these }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160231 charges}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 arose occurred on 21st December 1976. The }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160231 vehicle in question was covered by a th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 ird }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160231 p}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 arty}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160231 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 policy issued by }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid359163 the New Zealand I}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160231 nsurance wh}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 ich }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10646912 was not d}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160231 ue to expir}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid995201 e until 26th March 1}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 977.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160231 The accuse}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 d was }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160231 driving th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 e vehicle with the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160231 owner's permission.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16209649\charrsid16580755 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160231 H}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 is driving licence (which was in fact a }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160231 le}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 arner's permit), however, had expired on 1st October 1976 and he had omitted to have it renewed.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160231\charrsid16580755 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160231 Clause}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 4 of the Policy is in following}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160231 terms:}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160231\charrsid16580755 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2687271 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16580755\charrsid16580755 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160231 4. Persons of Classes of Persons Entitled to Drive and Insured under this P}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 olicy - \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16580755 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160231 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid9783556 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160231 (a) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 The Owner, and}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16580755 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160231\charrsid16580755 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid2687271 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160231 (b) Any}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 person who is driving on the Owner's order or with his }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160231 pe}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 rmission}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160231 :}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 Provided that }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160231 the p}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2687271 erson driving holds a licence pe}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 rmi}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2687271 tting him to drive}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2687271 a motor vehicle for every p}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 urpose }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2687271 for which the use of the}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 above motor vehicle is limited under }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2687271 paragraph 5 below or at any time}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 within the period of }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2687271 thirty days immediate}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 ly prior to }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2687271 th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 e }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2687271 time of driving}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7941111 has he}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 ld such a licence and is not disqualified for holding or obtaining such a licence.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2687271 "}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16580755 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 \par On 21st December 1976 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2687271 the accuse}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 d had been without a valid driving licence for more }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2687271 than thirty days and was, theref}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 ore}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16580755\charrsid16580755 ,}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 not a p}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2687271 e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 rson}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2687271 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16580755\charrsid16580755 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 entitled to drive and insured under this policy}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16580755\charrsid16580755 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 . The sole}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2687271 question before the Court was: At the time of driving, was there }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 in force in relation}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2687271 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2687271 o the use of that vehicle by the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 accused a policy of }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2687271 insurance in respect of third pa}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 rty risks? \par \par This as}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2687271 pe}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 ct of the law was considere}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2687271 d }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9658075 in }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2687271 Fiji in the case of }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2687271\charrsid1275414 Murtaza Khan v. Reginam}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2687271 (11 F}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2687271 L.R. 161 at 166-7}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 ).}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2687271 Mills-Ow}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 ens C.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2687271 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 J. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2687271 expressed the view}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 that }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2687271 where a person who ha}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 d held a licence }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2687271 per}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 mi}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2687271 t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 ting him to drive the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2687271 vehicle}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 but had omitted to renew it }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2687271 afte}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 r its expiry, a breach of the stipulation in the policy referred}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16209649\charrsid16580755 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5728057 to a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 bo}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5728057 v}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 e would not make the policy completely inoperative. It would merel}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5728057 y make it voidable at the inst}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 an}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5728057 ce of the insurance }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 company.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16209649\charrsid16580755 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5728057 Until s}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 o avoided, it would hold good.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5728057\charrsid16580755 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5728057 H}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 e said,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5728057\charrsid16580755 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15290006 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16580755\charrsid16580755 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5728057 On the}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 other h}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5728057 a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 nd, }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5728057 in my view, very clear language would be required to turn a stipulat}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 ion t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5728057 ha}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5728057 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1536329 a }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5728057 driver must hold a cu}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 rr}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5728057 ent driving licence into a fundamenta}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 l term of the policy. One test is}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5728057 whe}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15290006 ther such a stipulation is material}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 to the risk. It can be understood, for example,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16209649\charrsid16580755 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15290006 that an insurance company w}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 ould not}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15290006 wish to insure aga}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 inst }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15290006 f}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 ire}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid470605 ,}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16209649\charrsid16580755 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 or would wish to impose a heavy premium on, a person}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15290006 w}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 ho}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15290006 ha}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 s}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16209649\charrsid16580755 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15290006 already had ma}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 ny fires,}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16209649\charrsid16580755 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 or }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15290006 a }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 p}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15290006 erson with previous convict}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 ions for }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15290006 dishones}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 ty,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16209649\charrsid16580755 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 but }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12401052 it is difficult t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15290006 o perc}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15290006\charrsid16580755 e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15290006 ive tha}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12401052 t the}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 risks under a motor }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15290006\charrsid16580755 vehicle}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 t}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15290006 hird party policy are any greate}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15290006\charrsid16580755 r}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15290006 than usual}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 in the case of}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15290006 a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15290006 m}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 an who is liable to forget to renew his driving licence.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16580755\charrsid16580755 "} {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16580755 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15290006 On }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 the construction of section 11 of the Ordinance }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15290006 the learned judge sa}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 id }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15290006 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15290006\charrsid16580755 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2904457 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16580755\charrsid16580755 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15290006 The section presuppose}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 s }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15290006 a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15290006 case of non-liability under the policy}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 by re}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15290006 ason of the compa}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 ny b}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15290006 eing entitled to avoid or can}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 c}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15290006 e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 l the policy (or havin}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15290006 g}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15290006 avoide}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 d or cancelled }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15290006 it); and then compels the company to satisfy any judgment obtaine}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 d against t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15290006 he}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 insured by the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16209649\charrsid16580755 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2904457 third-party; }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 with}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2904457 , possibly, a right in the com}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 pany to recover what it}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2904457 ha}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 s }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2904457 been compelled to pay from the insured. T}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 he object, very clearly, is to }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2904457 p}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 rovide for compensating }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2904457 the third party by way of imposing a sta}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 tutory }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2904457 obligation on the insurance compa}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 ny to do so, but not by}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2904457 wa}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 y of }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2904457 extending the indemnity a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 fforded by the policy }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2904457 vis-a-}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 vis the insured.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16580755\charrsid16580755 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228\charrsid16580755 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16580755 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907228 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1275414 In the instant case the only allegation against the accused with regard to the policy consists of his omission to renew his driving permit within the specified time. There is no suggestion that he was in any way disqualified from doing so. \par \par It would appear, therefore, that, at the time of the driving, the policy of insurance, tho ugh voidable, effectively covered a third party against risks contemplated by the Ordinance. That being so, the conviction on the third count was, in my view, erroneously recorded. It is quashed and the order of disqualification is set aside. The fine imp osed, if already paid, shall be refunded to the accused. \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1275414 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16149021 (Sgd.)}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4223305 }{ \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1275414\charrsid1275414 (G. Mishra) \par Acting Chief Justice \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16580755 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1275414 \par Suva, \par 12th July 1977 \par }}