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{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16138705 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16138705\charrsid16138705 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF FIJI}{ \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2974521\charrsid16138705 \par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16138705\charrsid16138705 APPELLATE JURISDICTION \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2974521 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16138705 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16138705 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16138705 Criminal Appeal No. 70 of 1976 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2974521 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16138705 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16138705 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16138705 BETWEEN \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2974521 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16138705 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16138705 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid74618 FRANK SH}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16138705 ERLEC}{ \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16138705\charrsid16138705 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2974521 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16138705 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16138705 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16138705 AND \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2974521 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16138705 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16138705 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16138705 REGINAM}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16138705\charrsid16138705 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2974521 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16138705 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16138705 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16138705 JUDGMENT}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16138705\charrsid16138705 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2974521 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16138705\charrsid2974521 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16138705 On the 1st September 1976 at Suva M}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2974521\charrsid2974521 agistrates}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16138705 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2974521\charrsid2974521 Court the ap}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16138705 pellant was convicted after trial}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2974521\charrsid2974521 of }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16138705 dangerous driving contrary to section 38(1)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2974521\charrsid2974521 of the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16138705 T}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2974521\charrsid2974521 raffic Ordinance and was fined $175 and disqualified from holding a driving licence for twelve months.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2974521 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16138705\charrsid2974521 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2974521\charrsid2974521 The appellant has appealed against conviction, the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16138705 ground pursued at the hearing b}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2974521\charrsid2974521 ein}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16138705 g}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2974521\charrsid2974521 that the verdict is unreasonable and cannot be supported having}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16138705 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2974521\charrsid2974521 regard to the evidence; and he has appealed against the order of disqualification. \par \par According to the evidence of a prosecution witness }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16138705 (P}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2974521\charrsid2974521 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16138705 W.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2974521\charrsid2974521 1) the appellant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16138705 drove a motor vehicle in a dang}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2974521\charrsid2974521 erous manner. According to the evidence of the appell}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16138705 ant and two defence witnesses (D}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2974521\charrsid2974521 .}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16138705 W}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2974521\charrsid2974521 .2 and D.W.3) he did not. It is not a matter of how many witnesses were called in support of the prosecution case or for}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16138705 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2974521\charrsid2974521 the defence, witnesses being weighed not numbered }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2974521\charrsid16138705 testes }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16138705\charrsid16138705 p}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2974521\charrsid16138705 onderantur non numerantur}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2974521\charrsid2974521 . It is the credibility of the witnesses that matters, and the responsibility}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16138705 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2974521\charrsid2974521 of assessing the credibility }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16138705 of witnesses rests on the trial}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2974521\charrsid2974521 cour}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16138705 t. As stated by Lord Reid in }{ \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16138705\charrsid16138705 Benmax}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2974521\charrsid16138705 v. Austin Motor Co. Ltd.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16138705 (1955) 1 All E.R. 326 at 328:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2974521\charrsid2974521 - \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2974521 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3492471 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3492471 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16138705 Apart from cases where appeal is expressly limited to questions of law, an appellant is entitled to appeal against any finding of the trial judge}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10841388 , whether it be a finding of law, a finding of fact or a finding involving both law and fact. But the trial judge has seen and heard the witnesses, whereas the appeal court is denied that advantage and only has before it a written transcript of their evidence. No one would seek to minimise the advantage enjoyed by the trial judge in determining any question whether a witness is, or is not, trying to tell what he believes to be the tr u th, and it is only in rare cases that an appeal court could be satisfied that the trial judge has reached a wrong decision about the credibility of a witness. But the advantage of seeing and hearing a witness goes beyond that. The trial judge may be led t o a }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13502805 conclusion abo}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3760066 ut the reliability of a witness}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3492471 '}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13502805 s }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10750652 memory or his powers of observation by material not available to an appeal court. Evidence may read well in print but may be rightly discounted by the trial judge or, on the other hand, he may rightly atta ch importance to evidence which reads badly in print. Of course, the weight of the other evidence may be such as to show that the judge must have formed a wrong impression, but an appeal court is, and should be, slow to reverse any finding which appears t o be based on any such considerations.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3492471 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16138705 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2974521 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16138705 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10750652\charrsid346549 Having seen and heard the witnesses, the trial Magistrate was in no doubt that the first prosecution witness had told the truth and had described the actual manner in which the appellant drove his car. When referring to the evidence of the defence witnesses the trial Magistrate stated:- \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5711912\charrsid346549 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid346549 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3492471 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid346549 If I am to accept their evidence I have to believe that P.W.1 concocted his evidence from start to finish. P.W.1 was an excellent witness. He was subjected to a vigorous and lengthy cross-examination but maintained his evidence was true throughout. In add ition he has had no time to concoct his story. Reference to the evidence of D.W.3 will show that when he [P.W.1] spoke to accused after accus}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3760066 ed}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3492471 '}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid346549 s vehicle came to rest he told accused that accused had nearly collided with a pedestrian at Royal Suva Yacht Clu b and had driven erratically through Walu Bay. This was precisely the core of the evidence he gave before me.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5711912\charrsid346549 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2974521 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10750652 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid346549 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid346549 The defence witnesses (excluding D.W.4) have had ample time to construct their story and have been shown to be lying on three significant points - the sobriety of D.W.3, }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13126630 the sobriety of accused and the allegation that P.W.1 was nowhere about when they all left Isa Lei. These instances serve to convince me that the whole of their evidence was c}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3760066 oncocted from beginning to end.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3492471 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid346549 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2974521 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid346549 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13126630 Earlier in his judgme nt the trial Magistrate had referred to defence witnesses having stated that the appellant had taken only three glasses of wine that night and to the third defence witness having had the same plus one Bacardi and coca cola, which was irreconcilable with t he drunken behaviour of the third defence witness at the police station later that night and with the opinion of the fourth defence witness, an Inspector of Police, that the appellant was }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12591322 slightly drunk. Counsel for the appellant laid considerable stress up on the fact that, so far as the appellant was concerned, there was nothing on the record to the effect that he had taken only three glasses of wine, the evidence being that three bottles of wine were shared betwee}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid481053 n five persons of whom the appe}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12591322 llant was one, the proportion consumed by him not having been stated. However, this does not invalidate}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid481053 the finding of the trial Magistrate that the defence witnesses (excluding the fourth defence witness) had lied about the sobriety of the third defence witness and t he appellant, as in addition to the testimony of the first prosecution witness evidence of the behaviour of the third defence witness at the police station amply demonstrated that she was not sober; and the fourth defence witness, whose evidence the trial Magistrate clearly accepted, testified to the fact that the appellant was not completely sober.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13126630 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid481053 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15814047 To succeed on a submission that the verdict is unreasonable and cannot be supported having regard to the evidence it is necessary for an appellant to shew that there was no evidence on which the Magistrate could }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13445778 reach the conclusion which he did if he pro}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3760066 perly directed himself. This}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13445778 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3760066 the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13445778 appellant has failed to do and the appeal against conviction is accordingly dismissed.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid481053 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13445778 \par Turning to sentence, fortunately no acc ident resulted from the dangerous driving of the appellant, who is aged fifty five years and who has held a driving licence for thirty eight years with no previous convictions; and the Crown concedes that in the circumstances the order of disqualification errs on the side of severity. The fine of $175 is an adequate penalty and the order of disqualification is set aside. \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13126630\charrsid346549 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13445778 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13445778\charrsid13445778 (Clifford H. Grant) \par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4194546 CHIEF JUSTICE}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2974521\charrsid13445778 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2974521 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13445778\charrsid2974521 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13445778 21s}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2974521\charrsid2974521 t January, 1977 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13445778 Suva}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11087364\charrsid2974521 \par }}