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\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname country-region}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname place}}FIJI{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1451040\charrsid1451040 APPELLATE JURISDICTION
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1451040 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 CRIMINAL APPEAL }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1451040 NO. }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 87 of 1976
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\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1451040 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1451040\charrsid1451040 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1451040 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 HENRY YEE JOY}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1451040\charrsid1451040 

\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 Appellant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1451040 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1451040\charrsid1451040 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1451040 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1451040\charrsid1451040 A}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1451040 ND}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1451040 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1451040\charrsid1451040 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1451040 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1451040\charrsid1451040 REGINAM
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 Respondent}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1451040 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1451040\charrsid1451040 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1451040 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 JUDGMENT
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1451040 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1451040\charrsid1451040 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 The appellant was on the 24th September, 1976 convicted by the Magistrates Court Suva of .the offence of Contravening the Conditions of a}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1451040  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 Restaurant Licence contrary to Section 62(1)(a) (2)(b) and (4) of the Liquor Ordinance as amende
d by Ordinance No. 1 of 1969. He was fined $75.00.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1451040\charrsid1451040 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 He appeals against conviction and}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1451040  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1451040\charrsid1451040 sentence.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 
\par The facts found by the trial Magistrate indicate that the appellant is the holder of a restaurant licence in respect of the Wan-Q Restaurant.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1451040  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 On {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname date}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Month}{\xmlattrvalue 4}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Day}{\xmlattrvalue 8}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0
{\xmlattrname Year}{\xmlattrvalue 1976}}}the 8th April, 1976{\*\xmlclose} one Billy Sm}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1451040 ith at about {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname time}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Hour}{\xmlattrvalue 12}}
{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Minute}{\xmlattrvalue 0}}}midday{\*\xmlclose} entered the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 
 restaurant and ordered a large bottle of beer from the barman employed by the appellant which Smith drank at the bar. Between {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname time}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Hour}{\xmlattrvalue 12}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0
{\xmlattrname Minute}{\xmlattrvalue 0}}}noon{\*\xmlclose} and {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname time}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Hour}{\xmlattrvalue 14}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Minute}{\xmlattrvalue 0}}}2 p.m.{\*\xmlclose}
 he ordered and drank six large bottles of beer which was supplied to him by}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1451040  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 the barman. He left the premis}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1451040 es without partaking of a meal.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1451040\charrsid1451040 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1857244 Under section 6}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 2 of the Liquor Ordinance a Restaurant Licence a
uthorises sale of liquor within the hours specified to a person who partakes}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1451040  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1857244 of a substantial cooked meal d}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 uring the permitted hours when the liquor is sold. The facts proved and accepted by the trial Magistrate established that the sale of liquor to Smith
 was not authorised by the restaurant licence.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1451040\charrsid1451040 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 Section 62(4) of the Ordinance provides as follow:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1451040\charrsid1451040 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4357159 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 "Without prejudice to any liability under the provisions of section 76}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1451040  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 of this Ordinance, in t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1451040 he even}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 t of an}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1451040 y contravention of any of the pre}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 ceding provisio
ns of this section by any person, the licensee and such person shall be guilty of an offence and on}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1451040  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 
conviction shall be liable to a fine not exceeding fifty pounds in the case of the licensee and twenty pounds in the case of any other person."}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1451040 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1451040\charrsid1451040 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 Mr. Kapadia
 for the appellant argued, that on the proper construction of section 62(4), it was not the intention of the legislature to create an offence of absolute liability irrespective of the knowledge of the lice}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4357159 nsee. Mr. Kapadia pointed out th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 at the trial Magist
rate found on the facts before him that the appellant had clearly taken every reasonable step to ensure that the law was complied with.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1451040\charrsid1451040  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 Mr. Kapadia also pointed out the steps taken by the appellant to ensure that}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1451040  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 the law was complied with. He argued that on the proper interpretation of section 62(4) a licensee has only to establish that he has taken all r}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1451040 eason}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 
able steps and precautions to ensure that there is not a sale of liquor in contravention of the liquor licence and that the sale in questi}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8925373 on was without the knowledge of }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 the appellant and contrary to his express instructions.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1451040\charrsid1451040 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 Mr. Kapadia conceded that the wording of section 62(4) was different from the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1451040 corresponding}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040  English provision contained in section 22(1}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1451040 )(a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 ) o}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1451040\charrsid1451040 f}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040  the Licensing Act 1961. That section contains}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1451040  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 the word "knowingly" which is not contained in section 62(4) of the Liquor Ordinance.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1451040\charrsid1451040 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1451040 In the case of }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1451040\charrsid1451040 Vane v. Yiannop}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 oullos}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040  (1964) 3 All E.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1451040  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 R. 820 the House }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7471520 of }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 Lords dismissed }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7471520 a}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 n appeal against a dismissal of a charge brought}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1451040  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 
against a holder of a restaurant licence whose servant sold liquor to customers who had not ordered meals. As in the instant case the licensee had}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1451040  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 no knowledge of the actual sale which was contrary to his express instructions.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1451040\charrsid1451040  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 It was held that the charge was properl}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1451040 y}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040  dismissed as on the }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1451040 construction }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 of section 22(1)(a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7471520 )}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040  of the Licensing Act 1961 the word }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1451040 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 
knowingly" predicated knowledge in the licence holder, not in his servant, and knowledge in the licence holder had not been established.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1451040\charrsid1451040 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 Va}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1451040 ne's case does not assist the ap}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 pellant }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1451040 any more }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 than the case of }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 Somerset v. Hart}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040  (1884) 12 Q.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1451040  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 B. 360 also relied on}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1451040  b}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 y Mr. Kapad}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1451040 ia.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040  The}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1451040  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 
latter case concerned a charge of suffering gambling on licensed premises in which case Lord Coleridge C.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1451040  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 J. said "How
 can a man suffer a thin}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7471520 g}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040  to be done when he does not know of it".}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1451040\charrsid1451040 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 The construction of section 62(4) of the Liquor Ordinance presents no difficulties. The langua}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1451040 ge is clear. It creates an offen}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 ce of}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1451040  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 absolute liability.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1451040\charrsid1451040  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 If there is a }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1451040 cont}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 ravention of any}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1451040  of the provisions of section 62}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 
(1 to 3) the licensee is guilty of an offence as well as the person who sold the liquor.
\par 
\par The words of Lord Evershed reported in Vane's case at page 828 apply to}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1451040  the instant case and I quote }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7237404 -}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1451040\charrsid1451040 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7237404 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 "On the one hand, where there is
 absent from the statutory prohibition the word "knowingly" applied to the licensee, I think that it should now be accepted that he may yet be held and properly}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1451040  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 held liable for breaches of the conditions of the licence committed by his servants in consciou
s disregard of those conditions, in spite of his own innocence, where a contrary view would, in the language of Viscount Reading, C.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7237404  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 J. (34), be regarded as fairly likely to stultify what, on}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7237404  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 
its fair construction, was the purpose of the legislation. On the other hand, where statutory liability on the licensee's part is qualified by the word "knowingly" (or}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7237404  some simi}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 larly clear term) then actu}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid925730 al knowledge -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4986944  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7237404 that is, mens rea}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040  - is prima facie required."}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1451040 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7237404\charrsid1451040 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid10124020 The appellant had no knowledge of the offence which was committed by his barman against the appellant's express instructions but that is not relevant to the issue as to whether the}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7237404\charrsid10124020  app}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid10124020 ellant was guilty of an offence under s}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10124020\charrsid10124020 
ection 62(}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid10124020 4) of the Liquor Ordinance.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7237404\charrsid10124020 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid10124020 The facts clearly indicate that there was a contr}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7237404\charrsid10124020 avention of section 62 of the }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid10124020 Liquor Ordinance b}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7237404\charrsid10124020 y the barman employed by the ap}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid10124020 pellant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7237404\charrsid10124020  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid10124020 
and the licensee was properly found guilty of the offence as charged. The appeal against conviction fails.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7237404\charrsid10124020 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid10124020 On the question of sentence the trial Magistrate had considerable sympathy for the appellant. He said in his judgment:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7237404\charrsid1451040 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7237404 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 "I must say tha}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10124020 t}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040  this section s}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7237404 eems particularly harsh to an ho}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 nourable}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7237404  businessman like the Ac}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 cused, who had clearly taken every reasonable step t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7237404 
o ensure that the law was complied with and his conside}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 rable investment}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7237404  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 protected,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7237404 \'85\'85"}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1451040 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 
\par I do not agree with the trial Magistrate's view that the appellant had taken }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7237404 every reasonable step to ensure}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 
 that the law was complied with.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7237404\charrsid1451040 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7237404 The intention of the legisl}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 ature was that liquor would be supplied to}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1451040\charrsid1451040  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7237404 a person }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 for consumption with a substantial}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1451040\charrsid1451040  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7237404 cooked m}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 eal so as}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7237404  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 to reduce the incidence of}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1451040\charrsid1451040  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7237404 drunkenness. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 It did not}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7237404  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 in my view intend that liquor}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1451040\charrsid1451040  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7237404 could}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10124020 be }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 supplied}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7237404  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 to a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7237404  person who could purchase unlim}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 ited quantities}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7237404  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 
of liquor before ordering and partaking of a meal. As worded however, section 62 does not require that the sale and consumption of liquor should be contemporaneous with the ordering o}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10124020 r}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040  the partaki}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7237404 ng of a substantial cooked meal.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040  A person can, as}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7237404  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 the law now stands, for example, consume an unlimited quantity of liquor from {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname time}
{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Hour}{\xmlattrvalue 12}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Minute}{\xmlattrvalue 0}}}noon{\*\xmlclose} to {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname time}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Hour}{\xmlattrvalue 14}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0
{\xmlattrname Minute}{\xmlattrvalue 0}}}2 p.m.{\*\xmlclose} within the permitted hours and eat a substantial coo}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10124020 ked}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040  meal between 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname time}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Hour}{\xmlattrvalue 14}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Minute}{\xmlattrvalue 0}}}2 p.m.{\*\xmlclose} and {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname time}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Hour}
{\xmlattrvalue 14}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Minute}{\xmlattrvalue 30}}}2.30 p.m.{\*\xmlclose} This situation in}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7237404  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 
my view was not envisaged or intended.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1451040\charrsid1451040  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 
The provisions of section 62 relating to sale of liquor in restaurants make it very difficult for offences to be detected and it can only be in rare cases such as the instant case where commission of an offence can be established by the police.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7237404\charrsid1451040 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 The appellant must have }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7237404 app}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 reci}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7237404 a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 ted that he could not sell liquor to a person who did not partake of a meal. He would also have appreciated}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7237404  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 that he could not force that person to }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7237404 ea}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 t that meal.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1451040\charrsid1451040  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7237404 All he can and should do i}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 n }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7237404 the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040  circumstances}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7237404  is to ensure that in the norma}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 l }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7237404 course of eve}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 nts}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7237404  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 the person supplied with li}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14101050 quor will partake }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 of a su}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14101050 bstantial cooked meal. This is }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 not achieved by providing what is in effect a public bar where}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14101050  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 a person can, }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14101050 without even orderi}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 ng a meal, consume a}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14101050 s much liquor as that person desires.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14101050\charrsid1451040 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 The appellant had prov}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14101050 ided such a bar }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 in his}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14101050  restaurant and he left it to t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 he }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14101050 person supplied with liquor to e}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 nsure that no offence was}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14101050  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 committed}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14101050  by partaking of a substantial cooke}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 d meal.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1451040\charrsid1451040  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 In}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14101050  short he threw the onus on his cust}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 omers}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14101050  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 to see that th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14101050 e law was complied with. If he had }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 taken all reasonable }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14101050 
steps he would have ensured that the liquor was only supplied to a person sitting at a dinning table and after that person had ordered a substantial cooked meal.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14101050 
\par In the rare case of a person ordering a meal, purchasing liquor, and then not partaking of }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 that meal an offence will still have been}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1451040\charrsid1451040  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14101050 committed but the license}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 e can expect a Court to }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14101050 be le}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 nien}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11553827 t and grant an absolute discharge}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040  if }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11553827 suc}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 h }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11553827 facts are }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 established.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11553827\charrsid1451040 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 In my view the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1451040\charrsid1451040  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11553827 
Liquor Board, in considering an application fo}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 r the provisional g}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11553827 rant of }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 a restaura}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11553827 nt licence for a restaurant in w}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 hich it is}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11553827  p}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 roposed to instal}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11553827 l}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040  a bar of the type the appellant }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11553827 has }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 
provided in his restaurant,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1451040\charrsid1451040  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 did not }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11553827 appreciated }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 that offences under the L}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11553827 iquor Ordinance}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040  would be very d}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11553827 ifficult to detect or prove and}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040  the way was wide open for those licensees who were }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10124020 p}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 repared to take the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11553827  small risk of detection to sell}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040  unlimited quantit}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11553827 ies of liquor from a bar in a restaurant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 
 in breach of the law.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11553827\charrsid1451040 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 Restaurant bars like the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11553827 appellant's }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 
bar have the sanction of the Liquor Board and if they continue to operate under the present law it must}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11553827  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 
be for the legislature to take further steps to control abuses of the liquor laws.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11553827\charrsid1451040 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 An absolute duty is placed on a licensee to ensure there is no breach of the law. If there is a sale of liquor in a restaurant to a person}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11553827  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 who does not partake of a meal an
 offence has been committed. Except in a case such as I have referred to where a person orders a meal and liquor and}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11553827  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 
does not partake of the meal there can be no excuse which would justify a Court granting an absolute discharge.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11553827\charrsid1451040 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 The law may appear to the layman to work injustice on occasions but it is intentionally stringent in an attempt to control the evils of}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11553827  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 
intoxication. A licensee seeking the profits from sale of liquor must accept that strict liability placed upon him by the law and ensure there is no breach of the law.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11553827\charrsid1451040 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 The instant c}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11553827 ase was a bad breach of the 1aw}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 
. The barman who supplied Smith with six large bottles of beer should have appreciated that Smith}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11553827  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 
either had no intention of having a meal or would be in no condition or have any inclination to eat a meal after consuming that quantity of beer.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11553827  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 For that bad breach the appellant must accept full responsibility.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11553827\charrsid1451040 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 The appellant was properly convicted and in my }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11553827 view the sentence was neither ha}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 rsh nor excessive.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11553827\charrsid1451040 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 The appeal is dismissed.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11553827\charrsid1451040 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 There is on}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5261288 e other matter I would refer to.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 
 Section 62(4) in the instant case makes both the licensee and the bar}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11553827 man who supplied Sm}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 ith}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11553827  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 liable to prosecution. There is nothing on the re}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5261288 
cord to indicate why the barman}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040  was not charged. In my view he should have been charged. T}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11553827 he legislature clearly intended}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040  that both the licensee and the person who illegally sold the liquor should be charged. In this instant case there could be}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11553827  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 a valid reason why the barman was not charged. If barmen and waitresses appreciate that in
 addition to possible dismissal by their employers they also faced a conviction and a fine they would ensure that sale of liquor was in accordance with the conditions of the restaurant licence.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11553827\charrsid1451040 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 From the record the appellant's main concern is that his lice
nce is not cancelled as a result of this conviction. That is not a matter for this Court but I would add that the appellant does not appear to have appreciated the full extent of his obligations. He had done all he considered he could do to ensure complia
nce with the law but as I have pointed out there are other steps he}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11553827  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 
could have and should have taken. The trial Magistrate had considerable sympathy for the appellant and I have no doubt that that sympathy will not go unnoticed by the licensing authority.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11553827\charrsid1451040 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11553827 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid11553827 (SGD) R.}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11553827\charrsid11553827  G. K
}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11553827 ERMODE}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11553827\charrsid11553827 
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid11553827 JUDGE
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1451040 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11553827 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11553827\charrsid1451040 Suva,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11553827 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11553827\charrsid1451040 28th January, 1977.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076555\charrsid1451040 
\par }}