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\fs24\lang3081\langfe3081\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp3081 {\b\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 \par }{\i\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 Damages for personal injuries \endash appeal against low quantum\endash cross-appeal by Respondent for a lower award - setting aside \endash appropriate multiplier - whether court can award interest where not pleaded - Law Reform (Miscellaneous Provisions)(Death and Interest) Act; Court of Appeal Rules r.19(1) \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 \par }{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 The Appellant was injured in a head-on collision of her motor vehicle with the Res pondents. She suffered permanent facial and elbow scarring, constant headaches, was unable to continue with her teaching position, and could not stand for long periods. Her car was written off, and her dog was killed.}{ \lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 }{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 The Respondent conceded liability at the end of the trial. The trial Judge awarded $60K for pain and suffering and loss of amenities, $38K for loss of salary and $5,850 for special damages. The Appellant sought to set aside the low quantum and appealed the damages for pain and suffering whic h failed to reflect the Appellant}{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 '}{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 s circumstances and future prospects, and failure of the trial judge to award interest. The Respondent appealed on the grounds that the sum awarded was excessive for general damages and past salary, and special damages. The Court discussed the difficulty in calculating a multiplier for the Appellant}{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 '}{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 s future earnings, had she not continued to work indefinitely as a school teacher. The trial judge had calculated a multiplier of 5, but the appellate Court did not see any breach of principle in the trial judge}{ \lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 '}{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 s approach, and dismissed both the appeal and cross-appeal on damages. It refused to disturb the trial judge}{ \lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 '}{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 s refusal to award interest where it was not pleaded. It also refused to disturb the trial judge}{ \lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 '}{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 s findings on special damages.}{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 }{ \lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16660897 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 Held\endash }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 (1)}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 Mental and emotional effects, such as the Appellant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 s post traumatic or post concussional mental condition, although difficult to assess and to translate into monetary terms, are also injuries which are to be taken into account. A mental state is a question of fact and its determination is based on the evidence adduced before a court. A court ought to take into account all of the consequences, both present and future physical mental and emotional, in terms of the circumstances of the individual whose condition and future prospects are under consideration. There is nothing to justify an appellate Court interfering with the trial judge}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 '}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 s assessment of damages for pain and suffering. \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 (2) A claim for interest must be specifically pleaded. There is no reason for departing from the established practice of the court of refusing to award interest where it was not pleaded. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 \par }\pard \ql \li374\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin374\itap0\pararsid16660897 {\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16660897 {\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 Usha Kiran v Attorney-General }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 [1990] FCA Reps 19/90 ABU 25/89 23 March 1990 appl. \par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16660897 \fs24\lang3081\langfe3081\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp3081 {\b\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 \par Other cases referred to in Judgment}{\b\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid87302 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9188943 {\b\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid16660897\charrsid16660897 \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9188943 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 Attorney General of Fiji v Waisale Naigulevu}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 [1990]}{ \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 ABU 22/89 18 May 1990 \par }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 {\*\bkmkstart Iowane_v_Kylie_Renuka_v_Chandar_}Iowane Salaitoga v Kylie-Jane Anderson }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 [1995] ABU026/94 17 October 1995}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 \par {\*\bkmkend Iowane_v_Kylie_Renuka_v_Chandar_}Tacirua Transport Company Limited v Virend Chand}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 [1995] AAU 0033/94S 2 March 1995 \par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16660897 \fs24\lang3081\langfe3081\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp3081 {\b\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-2160\li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid16660897 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 Vipul M. Mishra for the Appellant \par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16660897 \fs24\lang3081\langfe3081\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp3081 {\i\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 Viren Kapadia for the Respondent \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 \par }\trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ts18\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid16660897\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol \clvertalt \clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2088\clshdrawnil \cellx1980\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6768\clshdrawnil \cellx8748\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid10044918 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897\charrsid16660897 18 October, 2001\cell }\pard \ql \li1692\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1692\pararsid16660897 {\b\caps\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897\charrsid16660897 judgment}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897\charrsid16660897 \cell }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897\charrsid16660897 \trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ts18\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid16660897\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol \clvertalt \clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2088\clshdrawnil \cellx1980\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6768\clshdrawnil \cellx8748\row }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16660897 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 \par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 Eichelbaum, Henry, Gallen, JJA}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302 \par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897\charrsid16660897 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 By a decision dated the 15th of December 2000, Scott J. awarded damages to the Appellant in respect of losses alleged to have been caused by a motor accident.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 The Appellant now appeals against that judgment seeking that the award of damages be set aside and an increased sum be substituted.} {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 \par \par The Respondent in his turn filed a notice of cross appeal contending that the judgment should be varied by setting aside the damages award to the Appellant and substituting a reduced figure. \par \par The case arose out of a serious motor accident which occurred on the 15th of October 1994.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 The Appellant was driving towards Suva having in the car with her several students from the school at which she taught and a dog.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 She was taking the students to an award ceremony in Suva.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 There was a head on collision between the car driven by the Appellant and that driven by the Respondent.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 The damage occasioned to the vehicles was severe and that belonging to the Appellant was written off.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 The Appellant also sustained injuries. \par \par By proceedings issued out by the High Court of Fiji in Suva on the 10th of April 1996 the Appellant sought to recover damages from the Respondent.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 The statement of claim indicates that damages were sought on the following basis:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12790137 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12790137\charrsid16660897 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 (a) \tab General damages. \par (b) \tab Damages in respect of the Appellant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 s motorcar.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 \par (c) \tab Special damages. \par (d) \tab Costs of the action. \par (e) \tab Such further or other relief as the court might consider just and expedient. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16660897 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 \par The special damages were not further detailed. \par \par The Respondent filed a statement of defence denying liability and alleging contributory negligence on the part of the Appellant. \par \par The proceedings did not come before the High Court until the 18 of January 2000.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 \par \par The issues both of liability and quantum remained alive until the end of the hearing when the Respondent conceded liability so that only the question of quantum remained in issue.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 \par \par At the conclusion the judge awarded damages as follows:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12790137\charrsid16660897 \par }\trowd \irow0\irowband0\ts11\trgaph108\trleft453\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb \brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4222\clshdrawnil \cellx4675\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1683\clshdrawnil \cellx6358\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid16660897 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 1.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 Pain and suffering and loss of amenities\cell $60,000\cell }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 { \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 \trowd \irow0\irowband0 \ts11\trgaph108\trleft453\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4222\clshdrawnil \cellx4675\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1683\clshdrawnil \cellx6358\row }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid16660897 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 2.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12790137 Loss of salary 5 x 7,600}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 \cell $38,000\cell }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 { \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 \trowd \irow1\irowband1 \ts11\trgaph108\trleft453\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4222\clshdrawnil \cellx4675\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1683\clshdrawnil \cellx6358\row }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid16660897 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 3.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12790137 Special damages}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 \cell }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 $}{ \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 5,850 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 \cell }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 \trowd \irow2\irowband2 \ts11\trgaph108\trleft453\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4222\clshdrawnil \cellx4675\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1683\clshdrawnil \cellx6358\row }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid16660897 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12790137 TOTAL}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 \cell }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 $103,850\cell }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 { \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 \trowd \irow3\irowband3\lastrow \ts11\trgaph108\trleft453\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4222\clshdrawnil \cellx4675\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1683\clshdrawnil \cellx6358\row }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16660897 {\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 The Appellant contended that the judge was wrong in both fact and law and applied wrong principles in determining the amount awarded to the Appellant for loss of salary.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 It was also the contention of the Appellant that the figure of $60,000 for general damages was inadequate to reflect the circumstances of the Appellant.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 The Appellant contended that the judge was wrong in not awarding any sum for the permanent facial and elbow scarring which the Appellant suffered.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 Finally it was the contention of the Appellant that the judge was wrong in refusing to allow interest on the damages awarded under the provisions of the {\*\bkmkstart Law_Reform_Misc_Renuka_Shankar_v_C_Naidu}Law Reform Death and Interest {\*\bkmkend Law_Reform_Misc_Renuka_Shankar_v_C_Naidu}Miscellaneous Provisions Act. \par \par In his cross appeal the Respondent contended that the sum awarded by way of general damages was excessive; (b) That the sum awarded for loss of past salary was excessive; (c) That the trial judge erred in awarding s pecial damages in the sum in which he did. \par \par The Appellant put forward a preliminary objection to the court hearing the cross appeal asserting that in terms of the rules the only way in which the Respondent could cross appeal was to initiate an appeal within the time and according to the procedure contemplated by the rules.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 Counsel submitted that notifying the cross appeal as had been done in this case was inadequate according to the laws of Fiji. \par \par {\*\bkmkstart r19_1_FCA_Rules_Renuka_Shankar_v_C_Naidu}Rule 19(1) {\*\bkmkend r19_1_FCA_Rules_Renuka_Shankar_v_C_Naidu}of the Court of Appeal Rules is in the following terms:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12790137\charrsid16660897 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16660897 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 19(1) A Respondent who, not having appealed from the decision of the Court below, desires to contend on the appeal t hat the decision of that Court shall be varied, either in any event or in the event of the appeal being allowed in whole or in part, shall give notice to that effect, specifying the grounds of that contention and the precise form of the order which he pro poses to ask the Court of Appeal to make, or to make in that event, as the case may be.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16660897 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 \par Mr. Mishra submitted that a variation as contemplated by the rule differed from an appeal and that it was not open to the Respondent to rely upon the provisions of the rule.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 He was unable to point to any authority which supported his contention.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 The procedure adopted by the Respondent in this case is common and has been followed in many other cases.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 We are satisfied that the procedure adopted by the Respondent in this case,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 that is the filing of a notice under the provisions of rule 19 of the Court of Appeal Rules was correct and that there is no basis for setting aside that notice as sought by Mr. Mishra.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 \par \par The other contentions which go to damages can only be considered in relation to the evidence made available to the judge in the High Court and the conclusions he reached on that evidence.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 \par \par At the time of the accident the Appellant was 39 years of age. She was a school teacher who had been teaching for approximately 15 years.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 She had obtained a Diploma of Education from the University of the South Pacific and had also obtained a certificate of basic computer programming.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 She appears to have enjoyed her teaching and to have accepted responsibilities relating t o it as is evidenced by the fact that she was taking students to an award ceremony when the accident happened.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 \par \par At the time of the accident the Appellant was living in a permanent }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 de facto}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 relationship with a Mr. Gopal.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 They had met in December 1993 and began living together in January 1994.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 In the same month they together set up a small business in Nadi.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 Mr. Gopal had been working for Wire Industries but he resigned the position in order to run the shop.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 They ran the business together although she continued teaching.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 In May of 1994 they moved the shop}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 s location to the centre of Nadi and widened the range of products sold.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 The judge noted that the Appellant had told him that they were paying $880 rent and that the business licence for the shop was h eld in her name until the 4th of August 2000.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 The evidence indicates that both she and Mr. Gopal had put substantial sums of money into the business.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 She and Mr. Gopal planned to marry at the end of the year.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 The evidence indicates that the relationship was a satisfying and fulfilling one for both and that they intended to have a child or children.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 \par \par The accident was a very severe one as evidenced by the photographs of the vehicles involved.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 The injuries sustained by the Appellant are set out in the report set out provided by a surgeon from Lautoka Hospital.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 His report reads as follows:}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12790137\charrsid16660897 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16660897 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 "}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 Clinical Examination}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 \par On admission she was fully conscious and well oriented.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 The following injuries were noted. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16660897 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16660897 {\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 Head}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 \par 1) Large hematoma on forehead measuring 5cm x 5cm \par 2) 3cm laceration between eyebrows \par 3) Hematoma over right orbit \par 4) Subconsunctural hematoma right eye \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16660897 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16660897 {\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 Limbs}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 \par Deep laceration over right elbow.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 Anteriorly measuring 10cm x 3cm \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16660897 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16660897 {\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 Trunks}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 \par Multiple bruising over chest and abdomen \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16660897 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16660897 {\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 Treatment}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 \par 1) Wounds were cleansed \par 2) Lacerations sutured \par 3) IV Antibiotics \par 4) IV Dexacortin and head injury observations \par 5) She was hospitalised for 9 days \par 6) Antibiotic eye drops \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16660897 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16660897 {\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 Prognosis \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 1) Permanent facial scarring \par 2) Post concussion headache \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16660897 {\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 The Appellant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 s dog was killed in the accident.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 \par \par Unfortunately the situation of the Appellant did not improve. She attempted to return to her duties as a school teacher but at the time still needed the assistance of crutches and after three days she found it impossible to continue.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 She has never returned to her teaching position and it is her own belief that she will be unable to do so.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 Her life was disrupted in other ways.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 She could not stand for lengthy periods which affected not only her ability to teach but also her ability to assist in the shop.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 She was unable to carry out any household duties.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 Her relationship with Mr. Gopal deteriorated and she was unable to continue sexual relations with him.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 She appears to have been severely depressed and to have suffered from an inability to sleep.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 \par \par In October of 1998 she was referred by her general practitioner to a psychiatrist at Saint Giles Hospital.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 In a lengthy and detailed report the psychiatrist concerned Doctor Ohaeri set out the information he had obtained from the Appellant and gave his diagnosis as follows:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12790137\charrsid16660897 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16660897 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 "}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 Diagnosis}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 : On basis of the above findings, Renuka clearly fulfilled the International Classification of Diseases, tenth edition, criteria, for the following diagnostic formulation:}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12790137\charrsid16660897 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, with Persistent Severe Depression and Suicidal Ideation.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 Renuka has therefore shown abundant evidence of severe emotional harm consequent on the serious road traffic accident she was involved in on 15th October 1994. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16660897 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16660897 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 The e motional harm was of such severe degree that she has suffered serious psychosocial disability, leading to abandonment of a cherished teaching career, loss of earning capacity, impairment of sexual ability, and a frustration of ambition towards motherhood and a successful married life.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 In short, her entire social life has been so severely adversely affected that, she had felt fed up with life and entertained suicidal ideation. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16660897 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16660897 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 Using the criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-IV) of the Amer ican Psychiatric Association, I would estimate that, as at time of our first consultation, her score on the Global Assessment of Social functioning (GAF) scale, would be 25 per cent.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 This is a grievous loss of social functioning for someone who, from all available evidence, had functioned at a GAF score of 100 percent before the accident of October 1994.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16660897 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 The doctor went on to say that the Appellant had responded to treatment and he concluded that on the global assessment of social functioning scale she h ad improved from 25% referred to in his diagnosis to 60% at the time of writing,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 two months after she had first seen him.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 He went on to say however:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12790137\charrsid16660897 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16660897 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 On the negative side, however, my attempts at making her to drop her fear of sexual relationship with her husband, and accept the possibility of being a mother in the future, have met with much less success.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 There is also the reality that she cannot have back her beloved teaching career. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16660897 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16660897 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 The residual areas of social disability consequent on the accident ar e, therefore, sexual relationship, marital stability and a professional career.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 At the physical level, she still experiences headache and is very conscious of scars.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 These are crucial areas which I shall focus attention in our on-going therapy sessions. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16660897 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16660897 {\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 Conclusion}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 \par From the above premises, Renuka has suffered severe emotional harm for the past four years, consequent on the highly traumatic accident of 15th October, 1994.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 Although she is responding to treatment, there are residual areas of social disability.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 It will take several sessions of treatment, perhaps lasting up to one year, for these highly important areas of social disability (i.e. sexual relationship, marriage and career/economic prospects) to be adequately addressed. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16660897 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16660897 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 In concrete terms, her s core on the Global Assessment of Social functioning scale has improved from 25 per cent at the beginning of our treatment sessions to 60 per cent, at the time of this write-up, i.e. two months later.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 In view of the resilient nature of the residual social disabilities highlighted, I expect that she will function at this GAF score level of 60 per cent for quite sometime to come.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 In other words, she has an estimated overall psychosocial disability of 40 per cent, involving the crucially important areas of se xual relationship, motherhood, marriage, professional career and economic earning power. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16660897 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16660897 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 This level of social functioning is a far cry from the 100 per cent at which she had functioned before the accident of 15th October, 1994. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16660897 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16660897 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 In view of the severe leve l of psychosocial distress and disability which she evidenced for four years, and the residual social disability that she now has, as well as the persistent headache and consciousness of physical scars; the case is well made for adequate financial compens ation for the suffering and social disability which the accident of 15th October 1994 has caused Renuka.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 "}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16660897 {\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 In his submissions to the trial judge and in this court, counsel for the Respondent attacked the doctor}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 '}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 s report and conclusions substantially on the basis that it was entirely dependent upon material which had been supplied by the Appellant herself and which was for that reason to be regarded as suspect. \par \par As the judge noted, however, the conclusions at which Doctor Ohaeri}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 arrived were very similar to the conclusions of Doctor Aghanwa the psychiatrist called by the Defendant who in fact arrived at the conclusion in January 2000 that her functioning was to be assessed at 31 - 40% under the system adopted by both psychiatrists.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 Doctor Aghanwa said:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12790137\charrsid16660897 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16660897 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 The GAF score of 31 - 40% is a remarkable deterioration in the psychological functioning in an individual who, from all indications, was previously functioning at close to 100%. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16660897 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16660897 {\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 Conclusion}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 \par Renuka Shankar developed posttraumatic stress disorder (F43.1) and moderate depressive episode (F32.1) following the injuries sustained and losses suffered in the road and traffic accident of 15/10/94.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 In addition, she suffered a remarkable deterioration in her psychosocial ability as a result.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 She will require further psychiatric intervention.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 " }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16660897 {\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 The judge having heard the evidence expressed his conclusion in the following terms:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12790137\charrsid16660897 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16660897 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 I accept the evidence of both psychiatrists that the Plaintiff has suffered from severe emotional harm as a result of the accident and that she suffers from quite a severe level of psychosocial distress and disability.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 From what I was told I believe that she would respond to further treatment but neither of the doctors predicted whether she would ever again become her old self.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 " }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16660897 {\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 The problem facing the judge therefore was the way in which the Plaintiff}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 '}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 s experiences and condition should reflect in general and special damages. \par \par It is appropriate at this point to comment on submissions made on behalf of the Respondent with regard to claims brought on behalf of people suffering mental conditions of this kind.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 Obviously there must be problems in assessing mental states and converting them into appropriate monetary compensation.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 Nevertheless, like any residual condition a mental state is a qu estion of fact and resolution of questions raised by a claim of this sort must fall for determination on the basis of the evidence adduced before the court.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 In this case the judge had the advantage of careful and detailed reports from qualified psychiatrists who arrived at definite conclusions. \par \par In arriving at his conclusion the judge said:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12790137\charrsid16660897 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16660897 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 The obvious physical infirmities which the Plaintiff suffered were painful but not especially grave and certainly not at all on the same scale as those suffered by Kylie Jane Anderson.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 It is the Plaintiff}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 s post traumatic or post concussional mental condition which is the predominant cause for concern.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 Unfortunately there is little by way of precedent in Fiji to guide me.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 I find that the Plaintiff}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 s life has been very much spoiled by what happened to her and I think that she should have $60,000 damages under this head.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 " }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16660897 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 \par Counsel for the Respondent submitted that by comparison with a number of other cases, of which that referred to by the judge was one, the amount awarded was excessive.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 He based this contention on a comparison of the physical injuries which were sustained in each of the cases to which reference was made.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 \par \par Counsel for the Appellant however maintained that the conclusion arrived at by the judge did not properly reflect the very serious effects which the accident had imposed on the Appellant in terms of the life which she led and her future prospects.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 \par \par The consequences of injuries sustained in an accident no doubt depend to a considerable extent on the nature of those injuries but the consequences also reflect the particular effect which those injuries have on the individual who suffers them.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 Mental and emotional effects although more difficult to assess and to translate into monetary terms are also injuries which are to be taken into account.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 \par \par A comparison therefore between the sums awarded in individual cases is only of value if}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 it takes into account all of the consequences both present and future physical mental and emotional in terms of the circumstances of the individual whose condition and future prospects are under consideration. \par \par While, therefore, the sums awarded by the judge in this case for general damages may appear high in relation to some other cases there was evidence to support the conclusion to which the judge came and there is nothing which would justify our interfering with his assessme nt of general damages designed to compensate the Appellant in her circumstances for the position in which she found herself through no fault of her own.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 \par \par In this case, somewhat unusually, the assessment of both past and future loss of earnings gives rise to difficulty.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 \par \par There is no real problem in determining the income which the Appellant would have received had she continued to work as a school teacher.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 The difficulty arises because it is contended that the Appellant in her circumstances would not necessarily have continued to work indefinitely as a school teacher. \par \par The Respondent contends that the Appellant on her own evidence had intended to have a child or children and that inevitably}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 she would have given up her work in order to perform her duties as a wife and mother. He went on to assert that in most circumstances it would have been much more appropriate for her to work in the family business which she could have done in conjunctio n with her obligations as a mother.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 Arising out of that it was submitted that working in a family business situated in a good part of the Nadi business area was likely to be more remunerative than working as a school teacher.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 Counsel also relied upon evidence from a private investigator whose investigations suggested that the Appellant was much more able to work in the shop then her evidence suggested and that in fact she was working successfully in the business. \par \par Counsel for the Appellant contended that it was no longer appropriate to reflect gender differences in the assessment of damages and that it should not be assumed that a woman would work for a shorter period in a career then would a man.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 He submitted that the Appellant was likely to have continu ed working as a school teacher and to have made arrangements for the care of her child if this was necessary to enable her to continue with her teaching career.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 He also submitted that the business was no substitute for that career.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 \par \par It is in this area where major difficulties occur and this was appreciated by the judge.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 The judge came to the factual conclusion that had the accident not happened the Appellant would in all probability have married Gopal and carried on teaching until the children arrived.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 He thought that she would then have left teaching and joined her husband in the running of the business when she had time to spare.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 } {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 The judge also expressed the view that he was inclined to doubt that the Appellant was quite as useless in the business as she had made out.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 No doubt that conclusion was based on the evidence from the private investigator.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 \par \par The judge accepted an annual net loss proposed by the Appellant of $7,600 in respect of her teaching career.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 He then considered that an appropriate mu ltiplier was a multiplier of 5 no doubt on the assumption that at the time the accident occurred her teaching career bearing in mind the considerations to which reference had already been made would have extended for only a comparatively limited number of years beyond the time at which the accident occurred. \par \par At the time of the hearing of the case she had already been unable to work as a teacher for four years.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 An immediate reaction is that she must have been entitled to some additional sum for future loss of earnings.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 However, her actual loss was assessed by the judge on a multiplier of 5 given his conclusion on the limited length of time she would have been expected to continue with her career if the accident had not intervened.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 \par \par The evidence on this aspect of the matter is sparse.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 We appreciate the difficulties which the judge faced.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 In the circumstances we do not see that there is any breach of principle in the approach which he followed or that there is any evidence which is so convincing that we ought to substitute our views for those which led him to the conclusion embodied in his judgment.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 Accordingly, we arrive at the conclusion that the appeal must fail in respect of the loss of earnings both past and prospective.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 \par \par That leaves the question of interest.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 No claim for interest was included in the pleadings.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 The judge, therefore, followed the decision in }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 {\*\bkmkstart Ush_Kiran_v_AG_Renuka_Shankar_v_Ch_Naidu}Usha Kiran v AG}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 {\*\bkmkend Ush_Kiran_v_AG_Renuka_Shankar_v_Ch_Naidu}FCA}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 Reports 19/70. Counsel for the Appellant s ubmitted that that decision depended upon the practice in England which itself followed from the English rule under which it was mandatory to plead specifically any claim for interest.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 He submitted that there was no such rule in Fiji and accordingly, it w as open to the court to make an award of interest even although no claim for it had been included in the pleadings where the judge considered it appropriate to do so.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 The question was considered}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 in this court in the case of }{ \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 {\*\bkmkstart Tacirua_v_Chand_Renuka_Shankar_v_C_Naidu}Tacirua Transport Company Limited v Virend Chand}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 {\*\bkmkend Tacirua_v_Chand_Renuka_Shankar_v_C_Naidu}judgment 2nd of March 1995 which noted that }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 Usha Kiran v Attorney-General of Fiji}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 had been followed in }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 {\*\bkmkstart AG_v_Waisale_Naigulevu_Renuka_v_Chandar} {\*\bkmkstart AG_v_Naigulevu_Renuka_Shankar_v_C_Naidu}Attorney General of Fiji v Waisale Naigulevu}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 {\*\bkmkend AG_v_Waisale_Naigulevu_Renuka_v_Chandar} {\*\bkmkend AG_v_Naigulevu_Renuka_Shankar_v_C_Naidu}FCA 22/1989 delivered on 18 May 1990.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 In the Tacirua case, the court expressed the view that there was no reason for departing from what had become the established practice of the court.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 We agree with that contention and are not prepared to depart from it in the face of such continued authority.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 \par \par In the cross appeal, counsel for the Respondent contended that the award for general damages of $60,000 could not be supported. For the reasons already expressed we do not accept that contention.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 \par \par Counsel also maintained that the award for loss of earnings could not be supported and that in the circumstances already discussed an appropriate award would have been one year only bearing in mind the wedding plans of the Appellant.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 We reject this contention also and consider that it was open to the judge to arrive at the conclusion which he did. \par \par The cross appeal questioned other special damages and did so in the circumstances of the rather unsatisfactory evidence which had been placed before the court.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660897 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 We consider that it was open to the judge to come to the conclusion which he did and that the special damages should stand. \par \par In conclusion therefore both appeal and cross appeal will be dismissed. Each party must bear their own costs save that the cost of the record is to be borne equally. \par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16660897 \fs24\lang3081\langfe3081\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp3081 {\i\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 \par Appeal and cross appeal fail. \par }{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12790137 {\insrsid87302\charrsid16660897 Marie Chan}{\i\lang2057\langfe3081\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid1972231\charrsid12790137 \par }}