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\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs16\insrsid8421204 \tab Jaideep Kishore v Krishna Kumari & Diven Balram (HC)}{\fs16\insrsid8421204\charrsid933470 \tab }{\field{\*\fldinst {\cs18\fs16\insrsid8421204\charrsid12604364  PAGE }
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\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid74547 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13830352\charrsid74547 {\*\bkmkend Jaideep_Kishore_v_Krishna_Kumari}
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High Court Civil Jurisdiction
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27 March 2000, 31 August, 2001 \cell  HBC 0048/99L\cell }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
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Possession of State Lease }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13830352\charrsid74547 \endash }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13830352\charrsid74547  improvements on land \endash  Defendants ignored Notice to Quit \endash 
 whether Plaintiff obtained lease by actual fraud \endash  whether the Plaintiff had knowledge of Defendants}{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid74547 '}{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13830352\charrsid74547 
 occupational interest in the lease - Defendants did not exercise two options to purchase \endash  Defendants did not show cause - Land transfer Act ss39, 40, 169(c) \endash  State Lands Act s13(1)
\par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13830352\charrsid74547 
\par The Plaintiff claims the Defendants have no lawful right to remain on the land, had no written consent from the Director of Lands to have any assignment in their name of any part of a State lease. The Defendant
s had earlier claimed possession before Agricultural Tribunal but withdrew their application upon cross examination. The Plaintiff claimed to be a }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13830352\charrsid74547 bona fide}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13830352\charrsid74547  purchaser for value, and denied any fraud or purchasing with knowledge of the Defendants}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid74547 '}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13830352\charrsid74547  rights. The Court found the Defendants}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid74547 '}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13830352\charrsid74547 
 evidence did not give rise to sufficient cause to make further investigation. The Court found that by a family arrangement, the former registered proprietor had granted an option to the first named Defendant}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid74547 '}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13830352\charrsid74547 s late husband to purchase, which option was not exercised before his death, and therefore extinguished by his death.}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid74547  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13830352\charrsid74547 The Plaintiff again extended an option to purchase to the Defendants, but again, was not pursued by the Defendants
. Any claim they might have lay against the vendor and her son rather than the Plaintiff. Here, there was no evidence supporting an allegation of fraud and no consent from the Director of Lands for the Defendants}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid74547 '}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13830352\charrsid74547  occupation or tenancy.
 The Court found the Defendants had failed to discharge the burden of showing cause why they should not give up possession.
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid74547 \fs24\lang3081\langfe3081\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp3081 {\b\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid13830352\charrsid74547 Held\endash }{
\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid13830352\charrsid74547 
(1) Where the first named Defendant alleged fraudulent transfer of land to the Plaintiff, and alleged breach of rights but did not say what rights exactly she refers to, that the Plaintiff knew of, or how the Plaintiff knew of them, knowledge of fraud is 
i}{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid74547 nsufficient unless established.}{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid13830352 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid74547 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid13830352\charrsid74547 (2) By the Defendants}{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid74547 '}{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid13830352\charrsid74547  failure to exercise an option 
granted by the former registered proprietor to purchase, which was not exercised in his lifetime, and which option expired with his death, and their failure to pursue an option given by the Plaintiff to purchase, they could not claim 
an occupational interest to live on the land. There was thus no consent given for the Defendants}{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid74547 '}{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid13830352\charrsid74547  occupation, nor for any tenancy. 
\par 
\par The Defendants failed to show cause why they should remain on the property.}{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid74547  }{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid13830352\charrsid74547 Possession to Plaintiff awarded, with costs.
\par 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid13830352\charrsid74547 Cases referred to in Judgment }{\b\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid13830352 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid74547\charrsid74547 
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid74547 \f179\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13830352\charrsid74547 
Assets Company Ltd v Mere Roihi }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13830352\charrsid74547 [1905] AC 176
\par }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13830352\charrsid74547 Darshan Singh v Puran Singh }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13830352\charrsid74547 [1987] HBC 22/87 25 September 1987 
\par }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13830352\charrsid74547 Fels v Knowles}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13830352\charrsid74547  26 NZLR 608 
\par }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13830352\charrsid74547 Manjuwati Verma v Sharma Wati & Ors }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13830352\charrsid74547 [1992] HBC 117/92L
\par }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13830352\charrsid74547 Subaramani & Anor v Dharam Sheela & Ors }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13830352\charrsid74547 (1982) 28 FLR 82
\par }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13830352\charrsid74547 Sutton v O}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid74547 '}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13830352\charrsid74547 Kane}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13830352\charrsid74547  [1973] 2 NZLR 304
\par }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13830352\charrsid74547 Ram Nandan v Shiu Datt }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13830352\charrsid74547 [1984] ABU029/82 21 March 1984.
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Adish K. Narayan and Janendra Sharma for the Plaintiff 
\par Fazilat Munam for the Defendant 
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}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid74547\charrsid74547 \trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow 
\ts20\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid74547\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb
\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1908\clshdrawnil \cellx1800\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6948\clshdrawnil \cellx8748\row }\pard 
\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid74547 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13830352\charrsid74547 
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13830352\charrsid74547 Gates, J}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13830352 
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid74547\charrsid74547 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13830352\charrsid74547 The Plaintiff seeks to gain possession of a State Lease of land at Korovuto, Ba. The land is in the Koronubu Sector and is severed by a sugar cane contract. He bought it in August 19
99. On 30 November 1999 the Plaintiff served a summons to show cause to the Defendants pursuant to section 169 of the Land Transfer Act Cap. 131. Part XXIV of the Act allows a special jurisdiction to the court, to hear applications under an
 expeditious procedure. The Defendants carry the burden of establishing why they should not give up vacant possession to the Plaintiff [section 172] to the standard "if he to the satisfaction of the judge a right to the possession of the land." The 
Plaintiff filed 2 affidavits in the proceedings and the Defendants also 2.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid74547  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13830352\charrsid74547 
It is admitted, as well as established by evidence, that the Plaintiff is the last registered proprietor of the relevant land to qualify as a person who may issue such a summons [{\*\bkmkstart s169_c_Land_Transf_Jai_Kishore_v_Balram}section 169(c)
{\*\bkmkend s169_c_Land_Transf_Jai_Kishore_v_Balram}]. The Plaintiff was so registered on the title on 8 September 1999.
\par 
\par The Plaintiff exhibited a letter of consent from the Director of Lands consenting to the institution of these proceedings pursuant to {\*\bkmkstart s13_1_State_Lands_Jai_Kishore_v_Balram}section 13(1) {\*\bkmkend s13_1_State_Lands_Jai_Kishore_v_Balram}
of the State Lands Act Cap. 132.
\par 
\par On the land is a house, which is occupied by the Defendants. On 14 September 1999 the Plaintiff caused a Notice to Quit to be issued through his solicitors to the Defendants. The Defendants remained. The first named Defendant
, in her affidavit sworn and filed on 20 January 2000, admits, she received the Notice. The Plaintiff says the Defendants h
ave no lawful right to remain, moreover he says they have no written consent from the Director of Lands to have assignment in their name of any part of the State lease. The Plaintiff sets
 out various matters of inconvenience and loss resulting from his being kept out of his property.
\par 
\par The 1st Defendant alleges fraud on the part of the Plaintiff. She says he had actual notice of her occupational interest in the said lease. The Plaintiff had purchased the land from Ratnammal, the mother in law of the 1st Defendant, who the 1st Defendant
 accuses of "furtively and fraudulently" transferring the property to the Plaintiff. She said "...The Plaintiff at all times carried out an inspection of the subject property and knew of our rights and yet he decided to pur
chase the same". She did not say what rights exactly she refers to, that he knew of, or how he knew of them. The Plaintiff
 denies any fraud on his part. He says he is a bona fide purchaser for value. In his second affidavit, sworn and filed on 17 February 2000 he went on to say:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13830352 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid74547 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid74547\charrsid74547 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13830352\charrsid74547 "Whilst the sale was in the process of being completed the second named Defendant
 had approached my father to purchase the property from me. I am informed by my father that my father, on my behalf, did tell the Second Defendant that
 I had incurred considerable expense since the grant of consent by the Director of Lands to the purchase. The Second Defendant had agreed to move out if he could not purchase. Indeed, the 2nd Defendant was told by my father that I
 would be looking at around $84,000.00. He did not come back."
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid74547 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13830352\charrsid74547 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13830352\charrsid74547 As for the inspection visit, the Plaintiff said:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13830352 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid74547 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid74547\charrsid74547 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13830352\charrsid74547 "I went to inspect the property once and was accompanied by Sundar Permal [1st Defendant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid74547 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13830352\charrsid74547 s brother in law]. He informed me that some labourers were staying in the house illegally and that they would be leaving soon."
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13830352\charrsid74547 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid74547 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13830352\charrsid74547 Fraud for the purposes of the Land Transfer Act has been defined by the Privy Council in }
{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13830352\charrsid74547 {\*\bkmkstart Assets_v_Roihi_Jaideep_Kishore_v_Balram}Assets Company Ltd. v Mere Roihi}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13830352\charrsid74547  
{\*\bkmkend Assets_v_Roihi_Jaideep_Kishore_v_Balram}[1905] AC 176 at p 210 where it was said:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13830352 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid74547 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid74547\charrsid74547 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13830352\charrsid74547 
"...by fraud in these Acts is meant actual fraud, i.e. dishonesty of some sort, not what is called constructive or equitable fraud, an unfortunate expression and one very apt to mislead, but often used, for want of
 a better term, to denote transactions having consequences in equity similar to those which flow from fraud. Further, it appears to their Lordships that the fraud which must be proved in order to invalidate the title of a registered purchaser for value, w
h
ether he buys from a prior registered owner or from a person claiming under a title certified under the Native Land Acts, must be brought home to the person whose registered title is impeached or to his agents. Fraud by persons from whom he claims does no
t
 affect him unless knowledge of it is brought home to him or his agents. The mere fact that he might have found out fraud if he had been more vigilant, and had made further inquiries which he omitted to make, does not of itself prove fraud on his part. Bu
t
 if it be shewn that his suspicions were aroused, and that he abstained from making inquiries for fear of learning the truth, the case is very different, and fraud may be properly ascribed to him. A person who presents for registration a document which is
 forged or has been fraudulently or improperly obtained is not guilty of fraud if he honestly believes it to be a genuine document which can be properly acted upon."
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid74547 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13830352\charrsid74547 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13830352\charrsid74547 The evidence provided by the Defendants does not give rise to sufficient cause to make fur
ther investigation. If they have any claim at all. It might lie against the vendor Ratnammal and her son Sundar Permal. The basic facts are not complicated, and they do not point to the Plaintiff}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid74547 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13830352\charrsid74547 s involvement in fraudulent activity, such that there is a credible challenge here to the paramountcy of the Plaintiff}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid74547 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13830352\charrsid74547 s title as the registered proprietor ({\*\bkmkstart s39_Land_Transfer_Jai_Kishore_v_Balram}sections 39{\*\bkmkend s39_Land_Transfer_Jai_Kishore_v_Balram}, 
{\*\bkmkstart s40_Land_Transfer_Jai_Kishore_v_Balram}40{\*\bkmkend s40_Land_Transfer_Jai_Kishore_v_Balram} Land Transfer Act) see }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13830352\charrsid74547 
{\*\bkmkstart Darsh_Singh_v_Singh_Jai_Kishore_v_Balram}Darshan Singh v {\*\bkmkend Darsh_Singh_v_Singh_Jai_Kishore_v_Balram}Puran Singh}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13830352\charrsid74547 
 (unreported) Court of Appeal, Fiji Civil App. No. 22 of 1987; 25th September 1987: where Mishra JA said (at p 4):}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13830352 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid74547 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid74547\charrsid74547 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13830352\charrsid74547  "
There must in our view, be some evidence in support of the allegation indicating the need for fuller investigation which would make section 169 procedure unsatisfactory. In the present case the Appellant
 merely asserted that he had paid the money for the purchase of the property. This was denied by both Prasin Kuar and the Respondent
. There was nothing whatsoever before the learned judge to suggest the existence of any evidence documentary or oral, that might possibly assist the Appellant in establishing fr
aud at a full trial. He was therefore, correct in treating the case as falling within the scope of section 8 of the Land Transfer Act and making an order for possession in favour of the Respondent.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid74547 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13830352\charrsid74547 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13830352\charrsid74547 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid74547 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13830352\charrsid74547 In }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13830352\charrsid74547 
{\*\bkmkstart Manju_Verma_v_Wati_Jai_Kishore_v_Balram}Manjuwati Verma v Shama Wati}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13830352\charrsid74547  }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13830352\charrsid74547 & Others}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13830352\charrsid74547  {\*\bkmkend Manju_Verma_v_Wati_Jai_Kishore_v_Balram}(unreported) Lautoka High Court Civil Action No. 117/92 23 June 1992, Saunders J. said:}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13830352 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid74547 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid74547\charrsid74547 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid74547 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13830352\charrsid74547 The particulars reveal practically nothing. There are no details of any fraudulent acts. No claim that 2
nd Defendants were aware of any of the correspondence or the undertaking or that any information was passed to them either by the Director of Lands or by Plaintiff or her solicitors.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid74547 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13830352\charrsid74547 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid74547 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13830352\charrsid74547 In his first affidavit the Plaintiff stated his solicitors had notified him that the 1st 
Defendant had instituted proceedings before the Agricultural Tribunal in 1997. She had sought a declaration of tenancy. These proceedings were later withdrawn, and the matter terminated on 9th April 1998. The Plaintiff exhibited a letter 
from the Secretary to the Agricultural Tribunal which said "...after evidence of the Applicant [1st Defendant] and cross-examination other evidence, the Applicant withdrew the application."
\par }\pard \ql \fi700\li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid74547 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13830352\charrsid74547 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid74547 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13830352\charrsid74547 The Plaintiff says the Defendant
s claim cannot succeed because there has been no consent to any dealing with the Lease. No evidence of any written consent is tendered by the Defendant
s. On the contrary, the Director of Lands has consented to the institution of these proceedings against the Defendants.
\par 
\par The 1st Defendant says the State Lease was part of an original farm of 23 acres which belonged to her late husband}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid74547 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13830352\charrsid74547 
s father, one Murgan.
\par 
\par Murgan died in 1972. He left a will inter alia providing a life interest to his widow Ratnammal and on her death the estate was to be distributed to his 2 sons, Sundar Permal and Parsu Ram, the husband of the 1st Defendant
. There appears to have been a subdivision some years prior to the Director of Lands}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid74547 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13830352\charrsid74547 
 letter of 15 February 1974. This letter was tendered and referred to such a subdivision. The subdivision divided the original Farm No. 1280 into two lots. The letter says these were:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13830352 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid74547\charrsid74547 
\par }\trowd \irow0\irowband0\ts11\trgaph108\trleft592\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb
\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2613\clshdrawnil \cellx3205\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1514\clshdrawnil \cellx4719\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl
\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1417\clshdrawnil \cellx6136\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1417\clshdrawnil \cellx7553\pard 
\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\abslock1\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid74547 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid74547 "}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13830352\charrsid74547 Name}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid74547  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13830352\charrsid74547 \cell }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13830352\charrsid74547 Area}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13830352\charrsid74547 \cell }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13830352\charrsid74547 Period}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13830352\charrsid74547 \tab }{
\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13830352\charrsid74547 \cell Rent}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13830352\charrsid74547 \cell }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13830352\charrsid74547 \trowd \irow0\irowband0
\ts11\trgaph108\trleft592\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2613\clshdrawnil \cellx3205\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1514\clshdrawnil \cellx4719\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl 
\clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1417\clshdrawnil \cellx6136\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1417\clshdrawnil \cellx7553\row }\pard 
\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\abslock1\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid74547 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13830352\charrsid74547 Murgan f/n Kodian}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid74547  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13830352\charrsid74547 \cell 12 acres \cell 21 years\cell $72.00 p.a.\cell }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13830352\charrsid74547 \trowd \irow1\irowband1
\ts11\trgaph108\trleft592\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2613\clshdrawnil \cellx3205\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1514\clshdrawnil \cellx4719\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl 
\clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1417\clshdrawnil \cellx6136\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1417\clshdrawnil \cellx7553\row }\pard 
\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\abslock1\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid74547 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13830352\charrsid74547 Sundar Permal f/n Murgan\cell 11 acres\cell 10 years\cell $66.00 p.a.\cell }\pard 
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13830352\charrsid74547 \trowd \irow2\irowband2
\ts11\trgaph108\trleft592\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2613\clshdrawnil \cellx3205\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1514\clshdrawnil \cellx4719\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl 
\clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1417\clshdrawnil \cellx6136\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1417\clshdrawnil \cellx7553\row }\pard 
\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\abslock1\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid74547 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13830352\charrsid74547 Total area:\cell 23 acres}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid74547 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13830352\charrsid74547 \cell \cell \cell }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13830352\charrsid74547 
\trowd \irow3\irowband3\lastrow \ts11\trgaph108\trleft592\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl 
\clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2613\clshdrawnil \cellx3205\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1514\clshdrawnil \cellx4719\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl 
\clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1417\clshdrawnil \cellx6136\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1417\clshdrawnil \cellx7553\row }\pard 
\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid74547 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13830352\charrsid74547 
\par Murgan}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid74547 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13830352\charrsid74547 s remaining part was to be transferred to Ratnammal. It is said that a Deed of Family Arrangement was entered into on 4th
 June 1974 by which that part of the farm held by Ratnammal was to be held by her for her life and thereafter to go to Parsu Ram, the 1st Defendant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid74547 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13830352\charrsid74547 s late husband. The Director of Lands}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid74547 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13830352\charrsid74547 
 letter acknowledges the probate. Knowledge of these arrangements is firmly denied by the purchaser, the Plaintiff.
\par }\pard\plain \s19\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid74547 \fs16\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13830352\charrsid74547 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid74547 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13830352\charrsid74547 
A first option to purchase was given to Parsu Ram by the Deed of Arrangement for the 11 acre lot [Clause 6]. Since he died on 20 June 1996, without the option being exercised the option would appear to have been extinguished by death. In any event, the 
Defendants were extended an option to buy by the Plaintiff but that was never pursued by the Defendant
s, nor is there evidence before me of an independent valuation being demanded or obtained. It would appear that by the deed of arrangement the 11 acre lot was to be registered in Ratnammal}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid74547 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13830352\charrsid74547 s name, and it is this lot that was sold to the Plaintiff.
\par 
\par In }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13830352\charrsid74547 {\*\bkmkstart Fels_v_Knowles_Jaideep_Kishore_v_Balram}Fels v Knowles}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13830352\charrsid74547  
{\*\bkmkend Fels_v_Knowles_Jaideep_Kishore_v_Balram}26 NZLR 608 at p 620 it was said:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13830352 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid74547 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid74547\charrsid74547 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13830352\charrsid74547 
"The cardinal principle of the statute is that the register is everything and that except in case of actual fraud on the part of the person dealing with the registered proprietor such person,
 upon registration of the title under which he takes from the registered proprietor, has an indefeasible title against all the World."
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13830352\charrsid74547 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid74547 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13830352\charrsid74547 This was cited with approval in }{
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13830352\charrsid74547 {\*\bkmkstart Subaramani_v_Sheela_Jai_Kishore_v_Balram}Subaramani & Anor. v Dharam Sheela & 3 {\*\bkmkend Subaramani_v_Sheela_Jai_Kishore_v_Balram}Others}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13830352\charrsid74547  (unreported) FCA Civil App. No. 56/81 at p 4.
\par 
\par There is no evidence here of actual fraud on the part of the Plaintiff as the person dealing with the registered proprietor, Ratnammal. Knowledge of fraud, if it were fraud, must be established against the Plaintiff: }{
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13830352\charrsid74547 {\*\bkmkstart Sutton_v_OKane_Jaideep_Kishore_v_Balram}Sutton v O}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid74547 '}{
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13830352\charrsid74547 Kan{\*\bkmkend Sutton_v_OKane_Jaideep_Kishore_v_Balram}e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13830352\charrsid74547  [1973] 2 NZLR 304; compare generally }{
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13830352\charrsid74547 {\*\bkmkstart Ram_Nadan_v_Datt_Jai_Kishore_v_Balram}Ram Nandan v Shiu Datt}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13830352\charrsid74547  
{\*\bkmkend Ram_Nadan_v_Datt_Jai_Kishore_v_Balram}(unreported) FCA Civil App. No. 29 of 1982: 21 March 1984: where the Appellant said he recognised the Respondent}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid74547 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13830352\charrsid74547 
s interest and when he succeeded his mother in title he would rectify the situation, but when he did succeed he failed to do so, which was held by the court to be a fraud at the date of procuring registration.
\par 
\par Since the option was never offered in Parsu Ram}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid74547 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13830352\charrsid74547 s lifetime, no further interest arose for the Defendant
s thereafter. I find there is an absence of sufficient evidence before the court to put this matter back for trial. There was no consent given for the Defendants}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid74547 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13830352\charrsid74547  occupation, nor for any tenancy. I find the Defendants have not shown cause. The Plaintiff is entitled to possession, and costs, which I summarily assess at $300.
\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13830352\charrsid74547 
\par Application granted.
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid74547 \fs24\lang3081\langfe3081\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp3081 {\insrsid13830352\charrsid74547 Marie Chan}{
\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid1972231\charrsid74547 
\par }}