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{\*\bkmkstart Sisa_Kanaveilomani_v_State}SISA KANAVEILOMANI v STATE
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10166560 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 {\*\bkmkend Sisa_Kanaveilomani_v_State}
\par High Court Criminal Appellate Jurisdiction 
\par 20 June, 2001 \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab HAA015/01S
\par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10166560 \fs24\lang3081\langfe3081\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp3081 {\b\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 
\par }{\i\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 Rape \endash  sentence \endash  formula for magistrates to follow when unrepresented accused appear before them \endash  unequivocal plea of guilty -}{
\i\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid10166560  }{\i\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 whether previous sexual experience relevant to question of consent}{\i\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid10166560  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 - principles of sentencing -}{\i\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid10166560  }{\i\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 1997 
Constitution s28; Criminal Procedure Code ss220, 222; Penal Code s149
\par }{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 
\par The Appellant pleaded guilty to rape of a 19 year old secondary school student and was sentenced to 5 years imprisonment.}{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid10166560  }{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 
He appeals against sentence. At the hearing of his appeal, he also sought to have his conviction set aside on the ground he was not legally represented. In a caution interview, the Appellant claimed consensual intercourse.}{
\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid10166560  }{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 In Court, he admitted facts and said the}{\caps\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560  c}{
\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 omplainant did not consent or that he did not know whether she consented. The Court found his plea of guilty unequivocal, given his admission of recklessness whether the }{
\caps\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 c}{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 omplainant consented or not. The appellate Court commented on the principles of sentencing. 
\par 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 Held \endash  }{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 (1) 
Appellant was not prejudiced by the failure of the magistrate to inform him of his right to counsel. His plea of guilty was unequivocal. When unrepresented accused persons appear in the Magistrates}{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid10166560 '}{
\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560  Court the magistrate must ask the accused if he/she wished to be represented by a lawyer.}{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid10166560  }{
\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 If the accused wishes then to proceed to plea without a lawyer, his answer must be recorded.}{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid10166560  }{
\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 He is then said to have waived his constitutional right to counsel. Although the magistrate did not follow t
hat course of action, he did ensure that the Appellant understood the charge, and the element of the offence of rape he admitted to.}{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid13584570 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid10166560 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 (2) Previous sexual experience is irrelevant to the question of consent and any question on this is therefore inadmissible.}{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid10166560  }{
\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid10166560 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 
(3) It is wrong in principle for magistrates to start at 5 years imprisonment for rape. A starting point is 7 years. If, after adjusting for mitigating and aggravating circumstances the sentence exceeds 5 years, the magistrate must commit to the High Co
urt for sentence.}{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid10166560  }{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 
A 7 year sentence was justified but an appellate court cannot now impose a sentence which the lower court could not impose.
\par 
\par Appeal against conviction dismissed.}{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid10166560  }{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 Appeal against sentence dismissed.
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10166560 \f180\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f0\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid10166560 
\par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 [Note: Act 13/03 amended s7 CPC to increase sentencing powers of Magistrates from 5 years to 10 years; cons in }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 
Sailosi Naulunibola v State }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 [2001] HAA 050/00L 30 November 2001] 
\par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10166560 \fs24\lang3081\langfe3081\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp3081 {\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 Cases referred in Judgment 
\par }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 Ananaia Nawaqa v State}{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560  (2001) HBM 0014/00L 15 March 2001
\par }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 Mohammed Kasim v State }{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 FCA Reps 94/291 AAU 21/93
\par }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 Suren Singh & 4 Ors }{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 (2000) 2 FLR 127
\par }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 Timoci Momotu v State}{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560  (1995) 41 FLR 50
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10166560 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 Appellant in person

\par Sofia Shah for the Respondent
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10166560 \f180\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10166560 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 20 June, 2001\tab 
\tab \tab }{\b\caps\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 judgment }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 
\par 
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 Shameem, J
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 On 19th February 2001, the Appellant was sentenced to 5 years imprisonment, on his plea of guilty, for the following offence:
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10166560 {\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 Statement of Offence
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10166560 {\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 RAPE}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 
: Contrary to {\*\bkmkstart s149_PC_State_Kanaveilomani}Section 149 {\*\bkmkend s149_PC_State_Kanaveilomani}and {\*\bkmkstart s150_PC_State_Kanaveilomani}150{\*\bkmkend s150_PC_State_Kanaveilomani} of the Penal Code, Act 17.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10166560 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10166560 {\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 Particulars of Offence}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10166560 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 SISA KANAVEILOMANI, on the 16th
 day of February, 2001 at Samabula in the Central Division, had unlawful carnal knowledge of AMANDA LELA without her consent.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10166560 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 
\par The Appellant now appeals against sentence.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 
At the hearing of the appeal, he also submitted that his conviction should be set aside because he was not legally represented.
\par 
\par The facts of the case, as outlined by the prosecution are that the accused, who is 42 years old, climbed into the bedroom of the complainant, Amanda Lela, on the 16th of February 2001.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 At the time, the complainant was 19 years old and a Form 6 student at Cathedral Secondary School.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 The Appellant entered the complainant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 
s bedroom between 5.30am and 6.30am, by climbing up a side wall to a balcony outside her room.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 He then entered her room.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 The complainant recognised him as a frequent visitor to the house, and brother to the lady with whom the complainant lived.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 She told him to leave, but he grabbed her hair and forced her to lie on the settee. He smelt of liquor.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 He muffled her mouth, undressed her and had sexual intercourse with her, without her consent.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 He then went to the kitchen to light a cigarette.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 The complainant got dressed, and complained to the owners of the house.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 The Appellant was then chased away from the house and the matter was reported to the police.
\par 
\par The complainant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 s medical report, which was tendered by the prosecution in the Magistrates}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560  Court states that the complainant was distressed, some 4 hours after the rape.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 She had bite marks on her lips and breasts.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 On a genital examination, her hymen was found to be ragged, torn and bleeding.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 Semen was found in her vagina, and she found it too painful to walk.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 The doctor found that her medical condition was consistent with a sexual assault.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 Under the title }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 
Any other relevant matters worthy of comment}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 
, the doctor, presumably in answer to the question posed of her by the police on page 1 of the report, recorded }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 
patient is not virgin.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 
\par 
\par The Appellant was arrested and interviewed by the police. He said he had had sexual intercourse with the complainant, but that she had consented.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 He appeared in the Magistrates}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560  Court on 19th
 February 2001.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 He elected Magistrates}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560  Court trial.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 The charge was then read, and exp
lained and the Appellant said he understood it.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 He pleaded guilty.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 The facts were read and the medical report tendered.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 The 
Appellant is then recorded as having said:
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10166560 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 
Facts admitted: Yes we had sex.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 She did not consent.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 I didn}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 t know whether or not she was consenting.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10166560 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 
\par In mitigation the Appellant said he was 42 years old, separated from his wife, employed as a part time carpenter, said the complainant and he had had sex before, said he thought the victim did not like what
 he did and that he did not know if she consented, and asked for forgiveness.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 He said he has 6 children living overseas.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 He was convicted.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 The Learned Chief Magistrate said that the offence is serious, that he had taken into account the plea in mitigation, and that a custodial sentence was warranted.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 The Appellant was sentenced to 5 years imprisonment.
\par 
\par }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 Conviction}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 
\par In{\*\bkmkstart Suren_Singh_v_State_State_Kanaveilomani} }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 Suren Singh & Others v State}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560  
{\*\bkmkend Suren_Singh_v_State_State_Kanaveilomani}Criminal Appeal No. 079 of 2000, I suggested a formula for magistrates to follow, to ensure that section 28 of the Constitution is complied with.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 When unrepresented accused persons appear in the Magistrates}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560  Court the magistrate must ask the accused if he/she wished to be represented by a lawyer.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 If the accused wishes then to proceed to plea without a lawyer, his answer must be recorded.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 He is then said to have waived his constitutional right to counsel.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 Unfortunately the learned Chief Magistrate did not follow the suggested formula in this case.
\par 
\par The Appellant now says he was prejudiced by the fact that he was unrepresented.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 
Such a complaint will inevitably be made, when the court fails to inform an accused person of his right to counsel.
\par 
\par Having said that, however, I note that the learned Chief Magistrate was careful to ensure that the Appellant understood the charge, and that in agreeing to the facts, the elements of the offence of Rape were admitted to.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 The Appellant said that he did not care whether the complainant consented or not.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 The mens rea for Rape includes recklessness.
\par 
\par In the circumstances, I do not consider that the Appellant was prejudiced by the failure to inform him of the right to counsel.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 
I also consider that his plea of guilty was unequivocal.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 The appeal against conviction is therefore dismissed.
\par 
\par One last point.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 The medical report tendered by the prosecution records a statement that the complainant was not a virgin.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 It is not clear whether this was as a result of the rape, or whether this refers to previous sexual experience.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 
Previous sexual experience is not admissible in a sexual offences trial unless the defence can show that such experience is relevant to the mens rea for rape.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 In other words, did the accused honestly believe that the victim was consenting, and was that belief based on his own consensual sexual experience with her?}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 It is difficult to see how previous sexual experience could otherwise be relevant and therefore admissible.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 To ask this question of the doctor, and to tender the answer in th
e rape trial, or guilty plea proceedings, is doing the victim of the rape a great wrong.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 
It is also evidence which is irrelevant and inadmissible and may allow the defence to cross-examine on previous sexual experience without having to show relevance.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 I would suggest that police officers filling out such reports refrain from asking questions about the victim}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 s sexual experience.
\par 
\par }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 Sentence}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 
\par The Appellant says that the sentence of 5 years imprisonment is harsh and excessive, and that more lenient sentences for rape have been imposed in the Magistrates}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560  Court. 
\par 
\par State Counsel submits that the sentence is proper because of the Court of Appeal guidelines in }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 {\*\bkmkstart Mohd_Kasim_v_State_State_Kanaveilomani}Mohammed Kasim v The State}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560  {\*\bkmkend Mohd_Kasim_v_State_State_Kanaveilomani}Criminal Appeal No. 21 of 1993.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 She also submits that the Appellant
 was in a position of trust in relation to the complainant, that she was injured in the course of the rape and that there are no mitigating circumstances except for the guilty plea.
\par 
\par Different offenders in the courts who are convicted of the same or similar offence, do not always get the same sentence.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 
Indeed in our system of sentencing which is based on individual offending (with the exception of offences which carry mandatory sentences) it would be surprising if all offenders got the same sentence.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 
An offender is sentenced with regard to the seriousness of the offence, the character, age and antecedents of the accused, and with consideration for the totality of the offending.
\par 
\par Offenders convicted for rape will not always receive the same sentence.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 
A first offender may get a considerably shorter term, than an offender who has previous convictions for rape.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 
A man who rapes his daughter may receive a longer term than a juvenile who rapes his girlfriend.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 
On the other hand, where a rape is particularly brutal, the circumstances of the offender may make very little difference to the length of sentence.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 The exercise of the judicial discretion in sentencing is not expected to result in a mathematical calculation designed to achieve consistent sentences.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 The judicial discretion is expected to be exercised to achieve consistency in approach to sentencing.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 It is for this reason that guideline judgments are useful.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 They set out the tariff, based o
n sentences imposed for an offence by the courts, and then set out matters which mitigate or aggravate the circumstances, requiring the sentencer to adjust up or down.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 This discretion must be exercised in a consistent manner in all cases, and because the 
sentencer is dealing with different individuals and circumstances each time, the result will obviously not be identical on each occasion.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 I set out these principles in some detail because it appears that the sentencing process is not well understood by Appellants, many of whom complain of inconsistency.
\par 
\par Rape sentencing however, puts the Magistrate in a difficult position.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 
The Magistrate is limited to imposing a term of 5 years imprisonment.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 In }{
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 Mohammed Kasim v The State}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 \~(supra) the Fiji Court of Appeal 
suggested a starting point of 7 years imprisonment.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 
A magistrate cannot impose 7 years imprisonment because that exceeds his jurisdiction, and if there are no mitigating circumstances other than that of good character, he/she cannot refer the matter to the High Court for sentencing.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 What then is the Magistrate to do?
\par 
\par In }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 Mohammed Kasim}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560  (supra) the Court of Appeal said at page 6:
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10166560 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 
We should add a brief comment in respect of rape sentences imposed in the Magistrate}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 s Court.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 The maximum sentence in such cases for a single count is 5 years.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 It follows that ordinarily a Magistrate should commit a rape offender to the High Court for sentence unless there are clearly mitigating circumstances.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10166560 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 
\par However in }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 Timoci Momotu v State}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 
 Crim. App. No. AAU0018 of 1994, the Court of Appeal considered the powers of the Magistrates}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 
 Court to commit to the High Court for sentence.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 
The Court held (per Thompson JA and Quillam JA, Dillon JA dissenting), as follows:
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10166560 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 
We come then to section 222(1) which we have set out earlier.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 
This provides for the case of a trial which has proceeded in the Magistrate}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 
s Court to the point of conviction, and the question as to the circumstances in which the Magistrate may then commit to the High Court for sentence.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 The words used are clear.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 
The Magistrate may do so if, on obtaining information as to the offender}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 
s character and antecedents, he is of the opinion that those matters (that is the character and antecedents) are such that greater punishment should be inflicted.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 Clearly this is additional to the circumstances and gravity of the offence, which have by then been established.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 The Magistrate must decide as a separate matter whether the character and antecedents disclose matters which make the offence a m
ore serious one than the details of the offence itself have already shown.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10166560 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 
\par The majority decision of the Court of Appeal makes clear that }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 evidence of character and antecedents}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560  is not limited to evidence of previous offending.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 Although the Court did not list matters which reflect on character and which would justify committal to the High Court for sentence, it is common sense that given the jurisdi
ctional limit of the Magistrates}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560  Court, the broadest interpretation of matters reflecting on character, should be preferred.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 
Matters such as an unsatisfactory employment or school record, a relationship of trust with the victim, and the previous convictions of the accused would all be matters which would fall within the scope of section 
{\*\bkmkstart s222_CPC_State_Kanaveilomani}222{\*\bkmkend s222_CPC_State_Kanaveilomani}.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 
It is therefore desirable that the prosecution in the Magistrates}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 
 Court tender an antecedent history of the accused before mitigation, setting out such relevant matters.
\par 
\par Of course, as the Court of Appeal suggested in }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 Mohammed Kasim}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 
 (supra) the Director of Public Prosecutions may decide to exercise his discretion under section 220 of the Criminal Procedure Code, to refer the matter to the High Court for a trial.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 However, if the accused wishes to plead guilty, he will have to wait for the Preliminary Inquiry process, and for Information to be filed, before he can plead.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 The delay may result in unfairness to accused and victim alike.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 The {\*\bkmkstart s220_CPC_State_Kanaveilomani}section 220 {\*\bkmkend s220_CPC_State_Kanaveilomani}option may also not be possible if the relevant file has not been referred to the DPP
}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 s Office by the police.
\par 
\par Turning therefore to the sentencing process, it is wrong in principle for magistrates to start at 5 years imprisonment, for an offence where the High Court starts at 7 years imprisonment.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 Irrespective, therefore, of the limits to their jurisdiction magistrates must, after hearing facts, antecedents and mitigation, start at 7 years imprisonment.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 The sentence must be adjusted downwards for mitigating circumstances such as the guilty plea.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 It must then be adjusted upwards for aggravating circumstances such as injuries to the victim.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 
If having arrived at a proper sentence the sentence exceeds 5 years imprisonment, the magistrate must commit to the High Court for sentence, explaining the reasons (relevant to character) why he/she has decided to take that step.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 If, having arrived at a sentence, it does not exceed 5 years imprisonment, the magistrate can sentence in his/her own court.

\par 
\par The process therefore of sentencing for rape must be consistent whether the sentencer is a magistrate or a judge.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 
The starting point in all courts must be 7 years imprisonment, and where the end result of the sentencing process exceeds the jurisdiction of the Magistrates}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560  Court, the magistrate must commit to the High Court for sentence.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 
Where however the accused has an unblemished character (considered in its broadest sense), then a committal for sentence is impossible, and any adjustment for good character and guilty plea must reduce the sentence to 5 years or less.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 Such an adjustment may result in a sentence which is manifestly lenient.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560  }
{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 However, such a result can only, after the decision in }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 Timoci Momotu}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560  (supra) be cured by legislative reform.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 
I would recommend the urgent attention of the authorities, to such reform.
\par 
\par Rape is a serious offence, and sentencing for rape is also a serious matter.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 
The sentencing process must therefore reflect the seriousness of the case.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 As Gates J said in }{
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 {\*\bkmkstart Ananaia_Nawaqa_v_State_S_v_Kanaveilomani}Ananaia Nawaqa v The State}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560  
{\*\bkmkend Ananaia_Nawaqa_v_State_S_v_Kanaveilomani}Miscellaneous Action No. HBM0014/ 2000L:
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10166560 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 
In dispensing summary justice, a magistrate will find the handling of a rape case with as many as 8 accused, far from straightforward.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 Rape is one of the most serious cases for a Magistrate, indeed for any court, to handle.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 Such a case should be heard with special care and should not be rushed.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10166560 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 
\par What of this case?}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 The learned Chief Magistrate}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 s sentencing remarks do not reveal whether he considered aggravating or mitigating circumstances which led to the adjustment of the sentence.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 However, the Appellant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 s previous convictions for Drunk and Disorderly Behaviour are relatively trivial.
\par 
\par Starting at 7 years imprisonment, the Appellant was entitled to a discount of 1 year}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 s imprisonment for his guilty plea.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 
However the violence used on the complainant, the invasion of the privacy of her own bedroom, and the age of the complainant, are all aggravating circumstances which warranted an adjustment up of 1 year.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 A sentence of 7 years imprisonment would have been justified, leading to a committal for sentence based on the accused}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 s previous convictions.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166560  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 However, this court cannot now impose a sentence which the lower court could not impose.
\par 
\par In all the circumstances the sentence imposed is not excessive and the appeal is dismissed.
\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 
\par }\pard \qr \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10166560 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 Appeal fails.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10166560 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 
\par }\pard\plain \s16\qr \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10166560 \fs24\lang3081\langfe3081\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp3081 {\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid13584570\charrsid10166560 Marie Chan
\par }}