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\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\fs22\insrsid1729126\charrsid10355983 {\*\bkmkstart John_Yogendra_Singh_v_State}JOHN YOGENDRA SINGH v STATE
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1729126 {\b\fs22\insrsid1729126\charrsid10355983 {\*\bkmkend John_Yogendra_Singh_v_State}
\par }{\fs22\insrsid1729126\charrsid10355983 Court of Appeal Criminal Appellate Jurisdiction
\par }{\fs22\insrsid1729126 15, }{\fs22\insrsid1729126\charrsid10355983 24 May, 2001 }{\fs22\insrsid1729126 \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab }{\fs22\insrsid1729126\charrsid10355983 AAU 0025/99S }{\fs22\insrsid1729126 
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \s15\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1729126 \fs24\lang3081\langfe3081\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp3081 {\i\fs22\insrsid1729126\charrsid9384330 Larceny \endash  }{\i\fs22\insrsid1729126 Appellant}
{\i\fs22\insrsid1729126\charrsid9384330  sentenced in absentia to 9 months imprisonment \endash  }{\i\fs22\insrsid1729126 Appellant}{\i\fs22\insrsid1729126\charrsid9384330 \rquote 
s instructions to counsel to appeal against sentence after delivery of sentence \endash }{\i\fs22\lang2057\langfe3081\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid1729126\charrsid9384330 
 Should an appellate Court entertain an appeal from a person who is deliberately evading its jurisdiction and thereby flouting its orders - }{\i\fs22\insrsid1729126\charrsid9384330 1997 Constitution }{
\i\fs22\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid1729126\charrsid9384330 s28(1)(l); Court of Appeal Act s22(1) }{\i\fs22\insrsid1729126\charrsid9384330 
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\par }\pard \s15\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1729126 {\fs22\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid1729126 
The Appellant was convicted of larceny, and faced an inevitable sentence of imprisonment. He was bailed to appear for sentencing, but before sentencing, the Appellant }{\fs22\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid1729126\charrsid4656385 absconded}{
\fs22\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid1729126 .}{\fs22\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid1729126\charrsid4656385  His}{\fs22\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid1729126  }{\fs22\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid1729126\charrsid4656385 
whereabouts are unknown to the authorities and the bench warrant has not been executed.  }{\fs22\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid1729126 
\par }{\b\fs22\insrsid1729126 
\par Held \endash  }{\fs22\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid1729126\charrsid9384330 The Court adopts as an as appropriate practice: that where an }{\fs22\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid1729126 Appellant}{
\fs22\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid1729126\charrsid9384330  escapes, and for that reason is not present when an appeal is called on, the practice is either to adjourn the appeal or dismiss it, according to the justice of the case.}{
\fs22\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid1729126  The constitutional right to appeal to a higher court is waived or abandoned when an appellant chooses to reject the jurisdiction of the court by his absence.    }{\fs22\insrsid1729126\charrsid9384330 

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\par }\pard \s15\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1729126 {\fs22\insrsid1729126 
Appeal adjourned to enable Appellant to surrender himself to police or prison authorities within 3 months, else appeal deemed dismissed.
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1729126 {\fs22\insrsid1729126 
\par }{\b\fs22\insrsid1729126 Cases referred to in Judgment
\par }{\fs22\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid1729126\charrsid9384330 appl }{\b\i\fs22\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid1729126 R v Flower}{\fs22\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid1729126  [1966] 1 QB 146
\par }{\fs22\lang1033\langfe3081\langnp1033\insrsid1729126\charrsid13462598 dist }{\b\i\fs22\lang1033\langfe3081\langnp1033\insrsid1729126\charrsid13462598 R v Jones}{\fs22\lang1033\langfe3081\langnp1033\insrsid1729126\charrsid13462598  [1971] 2 QB 456
\par }{\b\fs22\lang1033\langfe3081\langnp1033\insrsid1729126\charrsid13462598 
\par }\pard\plain \qj \fi-2160\li2160\ri0\widctlpar\tx0\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid1729126 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\i\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1729126\charrsid9923724 Vipul Mishra }{\i\fs22\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1729126\charrsid9923724 for the }{
\i\fs22\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1729126 Appellant}{\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid1729126\charrsid9923724 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sb15\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1729126 {\i\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1729126\charrsid9923724 Josaia Naigulevu }{
\i\fs22\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1729126\charrsid9923724 for the }{\i\fs22\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1729126 Respondent}{\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid1729126\charrsid9923724 
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1729126 \fs24\lang3081\langfe3081\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp3081 {\b\fs22\insrsid1729126 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1729126 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs22\insrsid1729126 24 May, 2001\tab \tab \tab }{\b\caps\fs22\insrsid1729126 judgment}{
\fs22\insrsid1729126 
\par 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1729126 {\b\fs22\insrsid1729126\charrsid13195875 Casey, Gallen, Byrne}{\b\fs22\insrsid1729126 ,}{\b\fs22\insrsid1729126\charrsid13195875  JJ}{\b\fs22\insrsid1729126 A

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On 22 October 1997 the }{\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1729126 Appellant}{\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1729126\charrsid4656385  was convicted on a count of larceny in the Magistrates}{
\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1729126 \rquote }{\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1729126\charrsid4656385 
 Court at Suva.  He was present and represented at the trial by counsel and was bailed to appear for sentence on 24 November.  On that date he did not appear and his counsel (Mr Lateef) explained that his client was unwell and sought further time, which w
as granted by an adjournment to 2 December.  Mr Lateef also intimated that there would be an appeal.  On the adjourned date the }{\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1729126 Appellant}{
\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1729126\charrsid4656385  again did not appear and a medical certificate was tendered, stating that he had experienced a mild stroke.  On the next date (11 December) he appeared, but in response to Mr Lateef}{
\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1729126 \rquote }{\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1729126\charrsid4656385 
s request the matter was adjourned to 29 January 1998 to enable preparation of submissions in mitigation.  On that date there was a further medical certificate explaining the }{\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1729126 Appellant\rquote }{
\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1729126\charrsid4656385 s absenc
e and the Court granted what it said would be a a final adjournment to 19 February, when Mr Lateef explained he had lost contact with his client and a bench warrant was issued.  Finally, after several further adjournments when the }{
\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1729126 Appellant}{\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1729126\charrsid4656385  failed to appear, his counsel made a plea in mitigation on 25 March, and he was sentenced in his absence to 12 months}{
\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1729126 \rquote }{\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1729126\charrsid4656385 
 imprisonment on 9 June 1998, to be effective from the date of his apprehension on the bench warrant.  Mr Lateef was present on his behalf and in the circumstances we see nothing to criticise in the way sentence was passed.
\par 
\par In the meantime the }{\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1729126 Appellant}{\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1729126\charrsid4656385 
 had instructed Mr Gates (now Justice Gates) on 15 January 1998 to appeal against his conviction, and he also received what was described by Surman J as an }{\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1729126 \lquote }{
\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1729126\charrsid4656385 imprecise request}{\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1729126 \rquote }{\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1729126\charrsid4656385 
 to appeal against a prison sentence if one was imposed.  After sentence, a petition of appeal to the High Court against conviction and sentence was signed by Mr Gates as counsel on 30 June and duly filed.  At all material times the }{
\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1729126 Appellant}{\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1729126\charrsid4656385 
 has been at large; his whereabouts are unknown to the authorities and the bench warrant has not been executed.  The appeal came before Surman J and after a full argument he declined to hear it, relying principally on the statement by the English 
Court of Appeal in }{\b\i\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1729126\charrsid9923724 {\*\bkmkstart R_v_Jones_John_Yogendra_Singh_v_State}R v Jones}{\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1729126\charrsid4656385  
{\*\bkmkend R_v_Jones_John_Yogendra_Singh_v_State}[1971] 2 QB 456, that in all but the most exceptional cases, the proper time for a defendant to give instructions to initiate appeal proceedings was afte
r he had been convicted and sentenced.  In that case the defendant had absconded before conviction, after instructing his solicitors during the trial to appeal.
\par 
\par The matter comes to this Court by way of an appeal on questions of law pursuant to {\*\bkmkstart s22_1_FCA_John_Yogendra_Singh_v_State}s22(1) {\*\bkmkend s22_1_FCA_John_Yogendra_Singh_v_State}of the Court of Appeal Act (Cap 12) against Surman J}{
\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1729126 \rquote }{\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1729126\charrsid4656385 s decision.  There is a distinction between the present case and }{
\b\i\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1729126\charrsid9923724 Jones}{\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1729126\charrsid4656385  in that here the defendant gave instructions to appeal against
 conviction after it had been entered.  Mr Mishra submitted that a custodial sentence was inevitable, whether or not it was suspended (as he had sought in mitigation); and that the defendant}{\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1729126 \rquote }{
\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1729126\charrsid4656385 s request to Mr Gates to appeal against a prison sentence was sufficient to give counsel authority to do this after it was imposed, notwithstanding that he had by then absconded.
\par 
\par In the present circumstances we think the approach adopted in }{\b\i\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1729126\charrsid6322453 Jones}{\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1729126\charrsid4656385 
 may be too rigid and somewhat out of touch with reality.  We see the issu
e as really one of public policy.  Should the Court entertain an appeal from a person who is deliberately evading its jurisdiction and thereby flouting its orders?  The answer can be found in the following statement of the practice of the Court of Crimina
l Appeal in }{\b\i\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1729126\charrsid9923724 {\*\bkmkstart R_v_Flower_John_Yogendra_Singh_v_State}R v Flower}{\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1729126\charrsid4656385  
{\*\bkmkend R_v_Flower_John_Yogendra_Singh_v_State}[1966] 1 QB 146, 151}{\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1729126 :}{\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1729126\charrsid4656385 
\par }\pard \qj \li720\ri526\widctlpar\tx0\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin526\lin720\itap0\pararsid1729126 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1729126\charrsid9923724 \'93.... The practice of this court where an }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1729126 Appellant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1729126\charrsid9923724 
 escapes, and for that reason is not present when an appeal is called on, is either to adjourn the appeal or dismiss it, according to the justice of the case.\'94
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx0\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1729126 {\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1729126\charrsid4656385 

\par We adopt this as appropriate practice in the present circumstances, and are not persuaded to the contrary by Mr Mishra}{\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1729126 \rquote }{\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1729126\charrsid4656385 
s invocation of the Constitutional right to appeal to a higher Court in {\*\bkmkstart Const_28_1_l_John_Yogendra_Singh_v_State}s28 (1)(l){\*\bkmkend Const_28_1_l_John_Yogendra_Singh_v_State}
.  That right is always available to citizens, but to avail themselves of it they must be prep
ared to subject themselves to the lawful jurisdiction of duly established Courts. Where that jurisdiction is rejected, the right must be taken to have been waived or abandoned.
\par 
\par Surman J decided not to hear the appeals against either conviction or sentence
, commenting that if the Applicant surrenders to the Police and should then decide to apply for leave to appeal out of time, it will be open for him to do so.  We think the appeal should be finally disposed of rather than be left indefinitely. The }{
\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1729126 Appellant}{\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1729126\charrsid4656385 
 should be given an opportunity to consider his position in the light of this judgment by an adjournment of the appeal to the High Court for three months, and if he has not by then surrendered to the police or prison authorities it is to be dismissed.

\par 
\par }{\b\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1729126\charrsid4656385 Result
\par }{\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1729126\charrsid4656385 The appeal to this Court is allowed to the extent of adjourning the appeal from the Magistrates}{\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1729126 \rquote }{
\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1729126\charrsid4656385  Court to the High Court for three months from the date of this judgment.  If the }{\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1729126 Appellant}{
\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1729126\charrsid4656385  has not before then surrendered to the police or prison authorities, that appeal is to be dismissed.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1729126 {\i\fs22\insrsid1729126 
\par }\pard \qr \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1729126 {\i\fs22\insrsid1729126 Appeal allowed on condition of Appellant surrendering himself to police or prison authorities within 3 months.
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \s15\qr \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1729126 \fs24\lang3081\langfe3081\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp3081 {\fs22\insrsid1729126\charrsid275809 Marie Chan}{\fs20\insrsid1729126\charrsid275809 
\par }\pard\plain \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1729126 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid1729126\charrsid275809 \sect }\sectd 
\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn1800\margrsxn1800\margtsxn1440\margbsxn1440\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj \pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid1972231 
\par }}