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{\*\bkmkstart Chandra_Kant_U_v_Rauhanisi_Ofa_Albert}CHANDRA KANT UMARIA v RAUHANISI OFA ALBERT
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1664737 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 {\*\bkmkend Chandra_Kant_U_v_Rauhanisi_Ofa_Albert}
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 High Court Miscellaneous Application 
\par 21 May, 2001 \tab \tab \tab \tab HBA 9 & 10/00 & HBM0024/99L
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 
\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 Maintenance \endash  reinstatement of appeal dismissed for non appearance of counsel for }{\i\caps\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 a}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 pplicant in the lower court\endash  whether default in affiliation payments civil or criminal in nature -}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1664737  }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 principles to consider in enlargement of time to appeal \endash  principles to c
onsider in exercise of discretion to reinstate appeal - Maintenance and Affiliation Act ss16(c), 17, 18(2), 26, 27(2), 29; Penal Code s39; Criminal Procedure Code ss29, 308(8), 310(1), 319(1); Magistrates}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1664737 '}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737  Court Rules r.6 O.37; 1997 Constitution s23(1)(d)
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 Failing appearance by Appellant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1664737 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 
s counsel, an appeal against a finding that the Appellant is the putative father of two children, and an order for payment of maintenance was dismissed. The Appellant sought to reinstate the appeal over 4 months out of time
. The appellate court found that since the Appellant had not sought leave of the Magistrates}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1664737 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 
 Court thus there was no appeal afoot. There was no application for enlargement of time. The Court considered it could exercise its inherent jurisdiction rather than under O.2 r.2 as there was no irregularity. 
The Court found that the Appellant chose to go overseas when he had notice of the maintenance case proceeding, despite his complaint that the Court should have assessed him on means before making an order for 
maintenance. The Court refused to reinstate the appeal due to hardship caused to the Respondent.
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 Held-}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 (1) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 
The Court will not re-instate an appeal which was previously dismissed for non-appearance due to hardship to Respondent, the need to protect children, failure of the Appellant
 to pay any maintenance and defects in failing to apply for enlargement of time and delay in appealing.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1664737 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 (2) An appellate court has inherent jurisdiction to set aside its own order of dismissal of an appeal. A defect in commencemen
t of appeal by failing to seek leave of the Court for enlargement of time within which to appeal must be weighed when considering the exercise of a discretion whether to reinstate an appeal to the list.}{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1664737 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 (3) Affiliation proceedings are predominantly civil in nature, but governed by a statutory amalgam of civil and criminal procedure.
 The appeal procedure is governed by the Criminal Procedure Code. Being civil in nature, the Appellant could not have been arrested prior to adjudication and maintenance orders.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 Summons seeking reinstatement dismissed with costs. Stay on Magistrates}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1664737 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737  Court order vacated}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 .
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1664737 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 [note: the Maintenance and Affiliation Act has been repealed by the Family Law Act }{\caps\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 wef}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737  1 November 2005]
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 
\par Cases referred to in Ruling 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 cons}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737  Arvind Sharma v Saira Bibi }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 
[1984] HAC 5/84 21 March 1984
\par }\pard \ql \fi-374\li374\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin374\itap0\pararsid1664737 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 cons}{
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737  Behari v Hicks }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 (1969) 15 FLR 90
\par cons}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737  Chanan Swamy v Parvati }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 Civ. App. 4/77
\par cons}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737  Chiman Lal v Bai }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 [1979] ABU 29 March 1979
\par cons }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 C M Stillevoldt B V v EL Carriers }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 (1983) 1 WLR 207 
\par cons}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737  Fulori Raqalo v Bhagwan }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 (1973) 19 FLR 64
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1664737 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 cons}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 
 Kamoe v Kamoe }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 [1984] HAC 3/84 6 December 1984
\par }\pard \ql \fi-374\li374\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin374\itap0\pararsid1664737 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 foll}{
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737  NLTB v Kaur & Anor. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 [1997] ABU0038/97 25 November 1997
\par cons }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 Palata Investments v Butt & Sinjield }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 (1955) 2 All ER 517 
\par foll }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 Ponsami v Reddy }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 [1996] SC 0001/96 12 September 1996
\par cons }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 R v}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737  }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 
County of London Quarter Sessions Appeals Committee ex p. Rossi }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 [1956] 1 QB 682
\par cons }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 R. v James Berry }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 (1859) 169 E.R. 1161
\par cons }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 R v Knightsbridge Crown Court ex p. Johnson }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 [1986] Crim LR 803
\par foll }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 Rex v Sunderland JJ ex parte Hodgkinson }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 [1945] 1 KB}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 502
\par cons }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 Satya Nadan v Ashma Devi }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 [1990] HBC 4/89L 19 January 1990 
\par cons}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737  Sohrab Ali v Jainul Nisha }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 [1983] HAC 27/82 14 October 1983
\par appl }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 Venkatamma v Ferrier-Watson }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 [1995] SC 0002/92 24 November 1995
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1664737 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 
\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 Natasha Khan for the Appellant 
\par Ramesh Prakash for the Respondent 
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 21 May, 2001\tab \tab \tab }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 RULING }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 
(on re-instatement of appeal)
\par 
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 Gates, J}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325 
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1664737\charrsid1664737 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 On 25 March 1999 the Lautoka Magistrates}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1664737 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 
 Court ordered the Applicant to pay to the Respondent $55 per week maintenance for each of 2 children. These were proceedings brought under {\*\bkmkstart s_16_c_Maintenance_Affiliation_Umaria}section 16(c) {\*\bkmkend s_16_c_Maintenance_Affiliation_Umaria
}of the Maintenance and Affiliation Act Cap 52 [the Act]. The Applicant does not now contest
 the affiliation finding adjudging him to be the putative father of both children. His argument is with the procedure in arriving at the figures for maintenance and as to the amounts ordered.
\par 
\par On 30 July 1999 the applicant filed a Notice of Motion for Stay with the High Court against the Magistrate}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1664737 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 
s decisions of 25 March 1999 and of 30 July 1999. The decision of 30 July 1999 was an order for payment by the Applicant of $1,000 by 2nd August 1999 with balance arrears payable by 31 August 1999, in default 3 months imprisonment. On 12th
 August 1999 Madraiwiwi J. ordered a stay on the enforcement decision of 30 July 1999 pending the hearing of the appeal. The matter came on for hearing in this court on 7 December 2000 at 11.30 a.m. The hearing date and time had 
been fixed on 17 November 2000 in the presence of counsel for the respective parties.
\par 
\par On 7 December 2000 Mr. Gordon appeared for Mr. Iqbal Khan for the Applicant and requested an adjournment to another date, or for the matter to be stood down till 2 p.m. No reason was given other than Mr. Khan}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1664737 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 s unavailability. Mr. Chandra Singh, appearing for the Respondent
, objected. He said no maintenance had been paid for the children since March 1999, a period in excess of 20 months, and there had been a good deal of 
difficulty in getting the appeal listed. Accordingly I refused the application for adjournment, and dismissed the appeal with costs of $750 to be paid by the Appellant within 21 days and vacated the stay on the Magistrate}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1664737 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 s court proceedings.
\par 
\par On 20 December 2000 the Appellant filed a summons to re-instate the appeal. An affidavit was sworn by Mr. Khan which dealt with his reasons for not attending the court for the appeal hearing. On 12 February 2001 Mr. Chandra Singh, the solicitor for the 
Respondent at the appeal hearing, swore an affidavit in opposition.
\par 
\par In considering whether there is jurisdiction to set aside the dismissal and to reinstate the appeal, it is necessary first to decide the initial nature of these proceedings.
\par 
\par }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 Are affiliation proceedings civil or criminal?}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 
\par 
\par Proceedings under Part III of the Act, which are headed }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 Affiliation}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 
 provide for a complainant to apply for a summons to a Magistrate. If the Magistrate is satisfied that there is reasonable cause to believe that the man alleged to be t
he father of the child is the father of the child and that the application is made bona fide and not for any purpose of intimidation or extortion, he will issue a summons}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 [{\*\bkmkstart s_17_Maintenance_Affiliation_Umaria_Albe}section 17{\*\bkmkend s_17_Maintenance_Affiliation_Umaria_Albe}].
\par 
\par The Magistrate then proceeds to hear the complaint. If the evidence of the complainant and evidence in support is corroborated, the Magistrate may make his adjudgment ({\*\bkmkstart s_18_2_Maintenance_Affiliation_Umaria}section 18(2)
{\*\bkmkend s_18_2_Maintenance_Affiliation_Umaria}] and may make certain orders for payment of monies for the child}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1664737 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 
s maintenance and education, incidental expenses of the birth (or funeral expenses), and costs. The subject matter of the proceedings and its consequences would appear to be civil in nature.
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li40\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin40\itap0\pararsid1664737 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 However {\*\bkmkstart s_26_Maintenance_Affiliation_Umaria_Albe}section 26 
{\*\bkmkend s_26_Maintenance_Affiliation_Umaria_Albe}of the Act provides for the application of criminal procedure. It states:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1664737 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1664737 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1664737 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 "All applications under this Act, shall be made in accordance with the p
rovisions of the Criminal Procedure Code, and in the case of a conviction of a husband by a magistrate}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1664737 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 
s court for assault upon his wife, her application may, by leave of the court, be made by summons to be issued and made returnable immediately upon such conviction and such summons may be served upon the husband in court."
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1664737 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1664737\charrsid1664737 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 Failure to meet orders can be met by the issuance of arrears warrants culminating in imprisonment for non-payment, and by virtue of}{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 {\*\bkmkstart s_27_2_Maintenance_Affiliation_Umaria}section 27(2) 
{\*\bkmkend s_27_2_Maintenance_Affiliation_Umaria}of the Act "the provisions of {\*\bkmkstart s39_PC_Umaria_v_Albert}section 39{\*\bkmkend s39_PC_Umaria_v_Albert}
 of the Penal Code shall mutatis mutandis apply." Section 39 deals with payment of fines after commitment, thus securing discharge for the defaulter.
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li40\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin40\itap0\pararsid1664737 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 The Criminal Procedure Code applies also to appeals against such orders. Section 
{\*\bkmkstart s_29_CPC_Umaria_v_Albert}29{\*\bkmkend s_29_CPC_Umaria_v_Albert} of the Act provides:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1664737 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1664737 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 
"An appeal shall lie from any order or the refusal of any order by a magistrate under this Act to the Supreme Court. Such appeal shall be in accordance with the provisions of the Criminal Procedure Code so far as the same may be applicable."}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1664737 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 In}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737  }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 
{\*\bkmkstart R_v_James_Berry_Umaria_v_Albert}R. v James Berry }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 {\*\bkmkend R_v_James_Berry_Umaria_v_Albert}(1859) 169 ER 1161
 at p1166 Lord Campbell CJ delivering the majority decision, said:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1664737 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1664737 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1664737 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 
The proceeding against the putative father of a bastard child to obtain an order of affiliation and maintenance is not a proceeding in poenam to punish for a crime, but merel
y to impose a pecuniary obligation, and is a civil suit within the meaning of 14 & 15 Vict. c. 99 ss. 2 and 3; see }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 {\*\bkmkstart R_v_Lightfoot_Umaria_v_Albert}Regina v Lightfoot}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737  {\*\bkmkend R_v_Lightfoot_Umaria_v_Albert}(6 Ell. & Bl. 822)."}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1664737 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 
\par }\pard \ql \li120\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin120\itap0\pararsid1664737 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 Even in the dissenting judgment of Martin B at p. 1167 it was conceded:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1664737 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1664737 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1664737 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1664737 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 
I think the distinction is between a Court of general jurisdiction and a special one, and not between proceedings of a civil and criminal nature."
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1664737 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 
\par }\pard \ql \li40\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin40\itap0\pararsid1664737 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 In}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737  }{
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 {\*\bkmkstart R_v_Machen_Umaria_v_Albert}R. v Machen }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 {\*\bkmkend R_v_Machen_Umaria_v_Albert}(1849) 14 
QB 74 it was held that a refusal by justices to make an order for the maintenance of a bastard, though on the merits, was no bar to a second application. This decision was founded not on the ground that no appeal by the woman lay to quarter sessions, but 
on the ground that the dismissal of her previous application was in the nature of a non-suit in an action see}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737  }{
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 {\*\bkmkstart McGregor_v_Telford_Umaria_v_Albert}McGregor v Telford}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737  
{\*\bkmkend McGregor_v_Telford_Umaria_v_Albert}[1915] 3 KB 237 at 239 per Scrutton J. and at p 240 per Lord Reading CJ. A right of appeal was granted to the woman by the}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737  }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 Criminal Justice Administration Act }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 1914.}{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 
\par If fresh evidence were available, the complainant could re-apply to the Magistrates after a previous order of refusal. In}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737  }{
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 {\*\bkmkstart R_v_Sunderland_Umaria_v_Albert}Rex v Sunderland JJ ex parte Hodgkinson }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 
{\*\bkmkend R_v_Sunderland_Umaria_v_Albert}[1945] 1 KB}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 502, Humphreys J at p 504 said of the jurisdiction:

\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1664737 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1664737 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1664737 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1664737 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 
I do not think that the considerations applicable in the case of criminal proceedings, or in civil actions, are of any 
assistance in this matter. Bastardy proceedings are the creation of statute and may be said to have their origin in the powers conferred upon guardians of the poor, to whom was chargeable the maintenance of un illegitimate child, to recover from the putat
ive father the whole or part of the costs of maintenance. }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 The main object of ordering payments by the putative father is still to provide for the support of the child." }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 (emphasis added)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1664737 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 The fact that bastardy or affiliation proceedings are civil proceedings has been accepted beyond question in Fiji see}{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737  }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 {\*\bkmkstart Behari_v_Hicks_Umaria_v_Albert}Behari v Hicks }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 {\*\bkmkend Behari_v_Hicks_Umaria_v_Albert}[1969] 15 Fiji LR 90; }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 Fulori 
{\*\bkmkstart Fulori_v_Bhagwan_Umaria_v_Albert}Raqalo v Bhagwan}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737  {\*\bkmkend Fulori_v_Bhagwan_Umaria_v_Albert}[1973] 19 Fiji LR 64; and}{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737  }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 {\*\bkmkstart Chiman_Lal_v_Bai_Umaria_v_Albert}Chiman Lal v Bai}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737  {\*\bkmkend Chiman_Lal_v_Bai_Umaria_v_Albert}(unreported) FCA Civil App. No. 73 of 1978, 29 March 1979, at p 5 where Gould VP said:
\par }\pard\plain \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1664737 \b\f1\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b0\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1664737 
\par }\pard \s18\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1664737 {\b0\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1664737 "}{\b0\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 Although by se
ction 26 of the Act all applications under the Act are directed to be made in accordance with the Criminal Procedure Code, matters of affiliation and maintenance are generally considered as civil matters.}{
\b0\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1664737 "}{\b0\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1664737 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 In}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737  }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 
{\*\bkmkstart Sohrab_v_Nisha_Umaria_v_Albert}Sohrab Ali v Jainul Nisha}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737  {\*\bkmkend Sohrab_v_Nisha_Umaria_v_Albert}
(unreported) Lautoka High Court Civil App. No. 27 of 1982 14 October 1983 Dyke J. at p 3 said:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1664737 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1664737 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 
"It is to be noted that Section 30 of the Act provides that notwithstanding Sections 26 and 29 the Chief Justice may 
make rules of court regulating the practice and procedure of the courts in relations to applications and appeals under the Act. To date no such rules of Court have been made. How then are Sections 26 and 29 to be interpreted? The situation is not very sat
isfactory and there are many situations when the Criminal Procedure Code may be inappropriate.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1664737 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 
\par }\pard\plain \s18\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1664737 \b\f1\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b0\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 But in }{
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 {\*\bkmkstart Chanan_Swamy_v_Parvati_Umaria_v_Albert}Chanan Swamy v Parvati }{\b0\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 
{\*\bkmkend Chanan_Swamy_v_Parvati_Umaria_v_Albert}Civil Appeal No. 4 of 1977 Stuart J. accepted that the practice and procedure in maintenance and affiliation cases must be governed by the Criminal Procedure Code."
\par }\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1664737 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1664737 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 
"Bastardy proceedings", said Thompson J. in}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737  }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 Behari v Hicks}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737  (supra at p 93H) "are civil proceedings (}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 R}{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 . }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 v Berry}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 )}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 
 although they have always been regarded as being to some extent akin to criminal proceedings". In conclusion, affiliation proceedings are predominantly civil in nature, although governed by a statutory amalgam of civil and criminal procedure.
\par 
\par 2.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1664737  }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 Enlargement of Time for Appeal
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 
\par The record of proceedings includes a Petition of Appeal. The Petition is not numbered, dated or signed, nor does it bear any stamp or date of lodgment in the Magistrates}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1664737 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737  Court Registry. A handwritten note overwritten on copies of the Petition in the record suggests the Petition may have been f
iled on 30 July 1999. If it were whilst the appeal might be within time (if filed) to forward an appeal from the decision of 30th July 1999, it is already out of time for an appeal against the decision of 25 March 1999.
\par 
\par It looks as if the stay application was made successfully to the High Court prior to the filing of the Petition in the Magistrates}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1664737 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737  Court, and prior to any application to the Magistrate for enlargement of time within which to appeal. In accordance with}{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 {\*\bkmkstart s_29_MC_Act_Umaria_v_Albert}Section 29 {\*\bkmkend s_29_MC_Act_Umaria_v_Albert}
of the Act and following {\*\bkmkstart s_310_1_CPC_Umaria_v_Albert}Section 310(1) {\*\bkmkend s_310_1_CPC_Umaria_v_Albert}of the Criminal Procedure Code, the Petition should be presented to the Magistrates}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1664737 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737  Court for lodging of the appeal within 28 days of the date of the decision appealed against.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1664737  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 The Petition of Appeal in the Magistrates}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1664737 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737  Court file bears no registry stamp or date of filing. This may have been because the registry recognis
ed the appeal was out of time and required leave before they could process the Petition.
\par 
\par There is therefore no appeal afoot. No Petition was properly lodged and no enlargement, as a prerequisite to the commencement of the appeal, was sought from either the Magistrates}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1664737 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737  Court or the High Court. The grounds relate to the irregularity of the original order on 25 March 1999. Leave for enlargement was therefore necessary.
\par 
\par The appeal (if filed) against the first order would have been filed over 4 months after such order, that is a delay of over 3 months from the end of the 28 day appeal period. It was said in the criminal appeal}{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 of }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 
{\*\bkmkstart Queen_Brown_Umaria_v_Albert}The Queen v Brown}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 {\*\bkmkend Queen_Brown_Umaria_v_Albert}
(1963) SASR 190 at 191:
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1664737 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1664737 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1664737 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 
The practice is that if any reasona
ble explanation is forthcoming, and if the delay is, relatively, slight, say for a few days or even a week or two, the Court will readily extend the time, provided that there is a question which justifies serious consideration."
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1664737 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 Where the delay is slight, it is generally unnecessary to go into the merits, see }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 
{\*\bkmkstart Palata_v_Sinjield_Umaria_v_Albert}Palata Investments v Butt & Sinjield }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 {\*\bkmkend Palata_v_Sinjield_Umaria_v_Albert}(1955
) 2 All ER 517 at 521 where the delay was 3 days. In }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 {\*\bkmkstart CM_Stillevoldt_v_EL_Carr_Umaria_v_Albert}C M Stillevoldt B V v EL Carriers }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 {\*\bkmkend CM_Stillevoldt_v_EL_Carr_Umaria_v_Albert}(1983) 1 WLR 207 the Court allowed an extension where the applicant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1664737 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 s solicitors were 2 weeks late in setting down an appeal. In }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 {\*\bkmkstart R_v_Rhodes_Umaria_v_Albert}
R v Rhodes }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 {\*\bkmkend R_v_Rhodes_Umaria_v_Albert}(1910) 5 Cr App R 35 a month was considered a substantial interval of time, and in }{
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 {\*\bkmkstart R_v_Marsh_Umaria_v_Albert}R v Marsh }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 {\*\bkmkend R_v_Marsh_Umaria_v_Albert}
(1935) 25 Cr. App. R 49, 2 months was referred to as a considerable extension. In both cases the applications were refused.
\par 
\par I do not propose to go further into the principles for enlargement, save to say that there are 5 main matters which a court would examine in considering whether to exercise a discretion in favour of enlargement. They are:}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1664737 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1664737 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 (i)\tab The reason for the failure to comply}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1664737 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1664737\charrsid1664737 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1664737 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 (ii)\tab The length of the delay}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1664737 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1664737\charrsid1664737 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1664737 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 (iii) \tab Is there a question which justifies serious consideration?}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1664737 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1664737\charrsid1664737 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1664737 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 (iv)\tab 
If there has been substantial delay, have any of the grounds such merit that they will probably succeed? }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1664737 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1664737\charrsid1664737 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1664737 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 (v)\tab The degree of prejudice to the Respondent in enlarging time.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1664737 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 
\par There is no application for enlargement before me.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1664737  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 If there was, no doubt the Respondent
 would wish to raise arguments against the exercise of such a discretion. But this significant defect in the commencement of the appeal process is a matter which must be weighed when considering the exercise of a discretion in connection with re}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1664737 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 instatement of the appeal to the list.
\par 
\par }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 Re-instatement of the Appeal
\par }\pard \ql \li120\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin120\itap0\pararsid1664737 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1664737 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 The appeal having been dismissed on 7th 
December 2000, and the order of dismissal having been sealed on 12th December 2000, is there any jurisdiction remaining which would permit the High Court to entertain an application for re-instatement of the appeal t
o the hearing list. That application by inter partes summons was filed on 20th December 2000. No powers are specifically provided in the Criminal Procedure Code for reinstating an appeal once brought on for hearing and dismissed.
\par }\pard \ql \li80\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin80\itap0\pararsid1664737 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1664737 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 The first part of Section {\*\bkmkstart s319_1_CPC_Umaria_v_Albert}319(1)
{\*\bkmkend s319_1_CPC_Umaria_v_Albert} states:
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1664737 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1664737 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1664737 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 
At the hearing of an appeal, the Supreme Court shall hear the Appellant or his barrister and solicitor, }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 if he appears,}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737  and the Respondent or his barrister and solicitor, if he appears, and the Director of Public Prosecutions or his representative, if he appears, and the Supreme Court may thereupon }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 confirm, ..."}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737  (emphasis added)
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1664737 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 The section anticipates instances when an appeal may not be pressed.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1664737  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 Without being informed of the nature of the impediment, the court was simply told by counsel instructed to seek the adjournment for the applicant:
\par }\pard\plain \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1664737 \b\f1\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b0\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1664737 
\par }\pard \s18\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1664737 {\b0\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1664737 "}{\b0\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 
I am instructed to ask for an adjournment. Seek another date or to be stood down till 2pm."
\par }\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1664737 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1664737 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 
The adjournment was objected to, one of the reasons advanced being the lack of payment of any maintenance for 21 months. Further, paternity was not being denied. If what the applicant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1664737 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 s counsel says in his affidavit was correct about his car getting stuck 
in a pool of water why was this account not put forward fully to the court. Counsel applying for the adjournment was not instructed to argue the Applicant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1664737 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 s appeal.
\par 
\par Appeals in civil cases are governed by {\*\bkmkstart O37_r13_MC_Act_Umaria_v_Albert}Order XXXVII {\*\bkmkend O37_r13_MC_Act_Umaria_v_Albert}of the Magistrates}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1664737 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737  Court Rules Cap. 14, and under Rule VI Proceedings in the Appellate Court sub-rule 13 it is provided}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 :
\par }\pard\plain \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1664737 \b\f1\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b0\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1664737 
\par }\pard \s18\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1664737 {\b0\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1664737 "}{\b0\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 13-(l) If the Appellant
 fails to appear, in person or by legal practitioner when his appeal is called on for hearing, the appeal shall, on proof of service upon him of the notice of the hearing, stand dismissed with costs.
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1664737 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1664737 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1664737 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 (2) When an appeal has been dismissed owing to the non-appearance of the Appellant
 or his legal practitioner the appellate court may, if it thinks fit, and on such terms as to costs or otherwise as it may deem just, direct the appeal to be re-entered for hearing.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1664737 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1664737 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 But the Act specifically through Section 29 directs that affiliation and maintenance appeals shall be made in accordance with the prov
isions of the Criminal Procedure Code so far as the same may be applicable.
\par 
\par There would appear to be a power to set aside the order of dismissal of an appeal }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 {\*\bkmkstart R_v_Knightsbridge_exp_J_Umaria_v_Albert}R v Knightsbridge Crown Court ex p. Johnson
{\*\bkmkend R_v_Knightsbridge_exp_J_Umaria_v_Albert} }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 [1986] Crim LR 803. T
his would be the exercise of an inherent jurisdiction to set aside rather than a jurisdiction to set aside for irregularity pursuant to}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 Order 2 r. 2, for there was no irregularity here. Although judicial review was allowed of the Crown Court}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1664737 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 
s decision to refuse an adjournment and dismissal of appeal, since there had been a misunderstanding between the applicant and his solicitors who had incorrectly allowed him to be overseas when the appeal wa
s heard, it was suggested by the Divisional Court that the Crown Court had inherent jurisdiction to set aside its own order made in the absence of a party }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 
{\*\bkmkstart R_v_County_exp_Rossi_Umaria_v_Albert}R}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737  v }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 
County of London Quarter Sessions Appeals Committee ex {\*\bkmkend R_v_County_exp_Rossi_Umaria_v_Albert}p. Rossi }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 [1956] 1 QB 682. Judicial Review as a remedy therefore was unnecessary.

\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li80\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin80\itap0\pararsid1664737 {\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 The Discretion to Set Aside
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1664737 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 The order of dismissal was an order made within jurisdiction, regularly obta
ined by the Respondent. The parties had due notice of the appeal hearing.
\par 
\par The explanation given by the applicant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1664737 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 
s counsel is one which would incline me to have allowed an adjournment of the appeal hearing, albeit on terms to safeguard the prejudice caused thereby to the Respondent
. However the resultant delay is a factor against the Applicant, as is also the fact that the appeal is still not yet on foot because of the failure to seek enlargement of time. This failure to comply with the rules is not a minor breach. The Supreme Cour
t has neatly summarised the position:
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1664737 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1664737 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1664737 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 
We now stress, however, that the Rules are there to be obeyed.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1664737  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 
In future practitioners must understand that they are on notice that non-compliance may well be fatal to an appeal: in cases not having the special combination of features present here, it is unlikely to be excused." (See}{
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737  {\*\bkmkstart Venkatamma_v_Ferrier_Umaria_v_Albert}Venktamma v Ferrier-{\*\bkmkend Venkatamma_v_Ferrier_Umaria_v_Albert}Watson,}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737  Civil Appeal No. CBV0002 of 1992 24th November 1995 at p 3)."
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1664737 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 This law has been reiterated in }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 {\*\bkmkstart Ponsami_v_Reddy_Umaria_v_Albert}Ponsami v Reddy}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737  {\*\bkmkend Ponsami_v_Reddy_Umaria_v_Albert}(unreported) Supreme Court Civil App. No. CBV0001 of 1996 12 September 1996 and in }{
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 {\*\bkmkstart NLTB_v_Kaur_Umaria_v_Albert}NLTB v Kaur & Anor}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 . }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 {\*\bkmkend NLTB_v_Kaur_Umaria_v_Albert}(unreported) Court of Appeal Civil App. No. ABU0038 of 1997 25 November 1997 per Tikaram P.
\par 
\par Is there a ground of appeal which justice demands should be heard? Ms Khan urges that the Applicant was not present on 25 March 1999. Because his means 
should have been looked into prior to the making of an order she says the court should have issued a warrant for his arrest. This was the view of Dyke J. in }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 Sohrab Ali}{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 (supra at p 4). But the Criminal Procedure Code is to apply procedurally only so far as 
is applicable [section 26 of the Act].}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1664737  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 In many instances, it is not. In }{
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 Behari}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737  v }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 Hicks}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 (supra at p 92A) Thompson J. said:
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1664737 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1664737 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1664737 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 
However, that is not to say that the proceedings are a nullity. The fact that the procedure to be followed is that prescribed by the
 Criminal Procedure Code does not mean that all the substantive law relating to the effect of failure to follow the procedure must necessarily apply; these are civil, not criminal, proceedings and it is only the procedure appropriate to criminal cases whi
ch has been adopted.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1664737 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737  
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1664737 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 
\par }\pard \ql \li40\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin40\itap0\pararsid1664737 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 
These remarks were made in relation to an objection of duplicity. His lordship held that no substantial miscarriage of justice had occurred even though the proceedings in the Magistrates}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1664737 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737  Court had commenced incorrectly.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1664737  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 In}{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737  }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 {\*\bkmkstart Satya_Nadan_v_Ashma_Devi_Umaria_v_Albert}Satya Nadan v Ashma 
{\*\bkmkend Satya_Nadan_v_Ashma_Devi_Umaria_v_Albert}Devi }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 (unreported) Lautoka High Court Civil App. No. 4 of 1989 Sadal J. in similar proceedings found that:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1664737 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1664737 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1664737 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 "Once a trial proper has commenced the right of app
eal does not accrue until the court has delivered its final judgment or decision.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1664737 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1664737 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 Because the proceedings are civil and not criminal proceedings}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 {\*\bkmkstart s308_8_CPC_Umaria_v_Albert}section 308(8) {\*\bkmkend s308_8_CPC_Umaria_v_Albert}of the Criminal Procedure Code [as added b
y the Criminal Procedure Code (Amendment) Act 1998, Act No 37 of 1998] would not apply to an applicant under the Act to permit an appeal against an order mid-trial. Section 308(8) states:
\par }\pard\plain \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1664737 \b\f1\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b0\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1664737 
\par }\pard \s18\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1664737 {\b0\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1664737 "}{\b0\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 
(8) An order by a court in a case may be the subject of an appeal to the High Courts whether or not the court has proceeded to a conviction in the case.}{\b0\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1664737 "}{
\b0\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 
\par }\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1664737 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1664737 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 
The Applicant has not suffered a conviction. The proceedings are civil. Their chief purpose is to provide under a special jurisdiction for the support of an illegitimate child (see}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737  }
{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 ex parte Hodgkinson}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737  supra at p 504).
\par }\pard \ql \li120\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin120\itap0\pararsid1664737 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1664737 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 In commenting on the decisions in }{
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 Sohrab All}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737  and }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 Chanan Swamy}{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 Kermode J. in}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737  }{
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 {\*\bkmkstart Arv_Sharma_v_Saira_Bibi_Umaria_v_Albert}Arvind Sharma}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737  v }{
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 Saira Bibi}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737  {\*\bkmkend Arv_Sharma_v_Saira_Bibi_Umaria_v_Albert}
(unreported) Suva High Court Civil App. No. 5 of 1984 21 March 1984 at p 4 said:
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1664737 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1664737 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 
"This section requires the application to be made by way of complaint and summons. This procedure follows sections 78 and 79 of the Code. The section does not provide that the }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 
hearing}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 
 of the complaint shall be conducted in accordance with the Code nor does it purport to incorporate the other provisions of the Code, It is in this respect that I differ from the views expressed by the two}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1664737  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 learned judges in the two cases earlier referred to.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1664737 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1664737 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 
\par }\pard \ql \li80\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin80\itap0\pararsid1664737 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 On the question of issuing a warrant his lordship commented (at p 7):
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1664737 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1664737 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1664737 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 
"In the instant case the magistrate would not have been empowered to issue a bench warrant to bring the defendant before the Court. Sections 89 and 90 of the Code provide f
or a warrant to apprehend an accused person. Those sections are not merely procedural provisions but confer on a magistrate the power to issue warrants for the arrest of an accused person.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1664737 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1664737 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 The defendant in those proceedings was accused of no offence. He w
as a defendant in civil proceedings. His arrest to bring him before the court on an adjourned hearing would clearly be in breach of the defendant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1664737 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 s right to personal liberty guaranteed by the Fiji Constitution (Section 5 of the Fiji Constitution).}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1664737 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1664737 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 Section 23 of the 1997 Constitution now safeguards personal liberty. Although {\*\bkmkstart Const_23_1_d_Chandu_Umaria_v_Albert}section 23(1)(d) 
{\*\bkmkend Const_23_1_d_Chandu_Umaria_v_Albert}would probably empower the court to have the Defendant arrested after non-payment of maintenance,
 he having had an opportunity of attending the civil proceedings to defend himself and to present evidence of his means.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1664737  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 
In this case the Applicant chose to go overseas when he had notification that the case would proceed on 25 March 1999. But in view of 
section 23 of the Constitution and because these proceedings were civil in nature, the Applicant could not have been arrested on warrant prior to the making of orders of adjudication and of maintenance. It was suggested the magistrate should have made an 
interim order. There was no such power in the Act, see }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 {\*\bkmkstart Kamoe_v_Kamoe_Umaria_v_Albert}Kamoe}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737  v 
}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 Kamoe}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737  {\*\bkmkend Kamoe_v_Kamoe_Umaria_v_Albert}
(unreported) Suva High Court Civil App. No. 3 of 1984 6 December 1984 at p 2.
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li80\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin80\itap0\pararsid1664737 {\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 Conclusion
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 
\par }\pard \ql \li40\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin40\itap0\pararsid1664737 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 
I conclude from all of this that it is not appropriate to allow the dismissal of the appeal to be set aside. There would be considerable hardship caused to the Respondent
 by further delay. The children who are to be protected by this special jurisdiction would suffer further. Nothing has been offered or paid by the Applicant to the Respondent
, for the obligation imposed by the State, and after the unchallenged adjudgment of the Magistrates}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1664737 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737  Court of the Applicant}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1664737 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 s paternity, which was accepted by the Applicant.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1664737 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 
\par None of the grounds are sufficiently compelling, and no enlargement having been sought, no appeal is afoot to be re-instated. It is open for the Applicant to seek a variation in the maintenance orders under section 23 of the Act and in doing so to p
rovide the Magistrates}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1664737 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737  Court with the fullest account of his means.
\par 
\par In the result, the summons seeking re-instatement of the appeal is dismissed with costs for the Respondent which I assess at $450. The stay on the Magistrates}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1664737 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737  Court orders is vacated forthwith.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325 
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1664737\charrsid1664737 
\par }\pard\plain \s15\qr \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1664737 \f180\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 
Application refused.
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1664737 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 
\par }\pard \s15\qr \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1664737 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371325\charrsid1664737 Marie Chan}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1972231\charrsid1664737 
\par }}