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\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs16\insrsid8421204 \tab Indar Prasad & Bidya Wati v Pusup Chand (HC)}{\fs16\insrsid8421204\charrsid933470 \tab }{\field{\*\fldinst {\cs19\fs16\insrsid8421204\charrsid12604364  PAGE }}{\fldrslt {
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\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 High Court Civil Jurisdiction
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landlord and tenant \endash  eviction proceedings \endash  revocation of invitation to occupy \endash  whether Director of Lands}{\b0\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5117122 '}{
\b0\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122  consent necessary to ejectment proceedings - Land Transfer Act ss169(c), 171; High Court Rules O.113 r.3; State Lands Act s13, 32, 40; Native Lands Trust Act ss12, 26 & 27;
 Subdivision of Land Act}{\b0\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5117122  }{\b0\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 s4(b), 15
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The Plaintiffs, as Trustees and Executors of the estate of their late father, claimed the Defendant was a trespasser but their solicitors issued a notice to the invitee to quit occupying a quarter acre land.}{
\b0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5117122  }{\b0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 The Defendant claimed that he was invited by the Plaintiffs}{\b0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5117122 '}{
\b0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122  late father and the first named Plaintiff to occupy the land until a subdivision was complete, and on the strength of that promise built a 3 bedroom house.}{
\b0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5117122  }{\b0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 The Plaintiffs instituted proceedings under O.113 HCR to evict the Defendant.}{
\b0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5117122  }{\b0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 The Defendant claimed that there should be revocation of an invitation to occupy before giving notice to quit.}{
\b0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5117122  }{\b0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 The Court found there need not be a two stage process.}{\b0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5117122  }{
\b0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 The Defendant
 had shown no evidence of any memorandum in writing, or of any consideration for the promise or gift, and no suggestion that rent was paid meanwhile pending subdivision. His occupation was unlawful for lack of Director of Land}{
\b0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5117122 '}{\b0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 s consent. The Court found that the Defendant
 had not raised any equitable exceptions to remain in occupation, and vacant possession was granted. 
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{\b0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 (1)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122  }{\b0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 Where the Defendant
 is an invitee to occupy land, it is not necessary that there should be two stages to eviction \endash  service of revocation and then notice to quit.}{\b0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5117122  }{
\b0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 It would be sufficient if both were given together. 
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\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 (2) Director of Lands}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5117122 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 
 consent is not necessary to institute proceedings for ejectment under Land Transfer Act section 169 of a mere occupier without lease as the lease is not a dealing with land, and the occupier has no title.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5117122  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5117122 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5117122 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 (3) An affidavit in support in HCR O.113 proceedings need not show evidence of a prior notice to quit if there is no right to occupy the land and the Defendant is not a for
mer tenant. A notice to quit need not be served or proved to found jurisdiction.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5117122 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 (4) There is no requirement that at the time of issuing a Notice to Quit the subsequent Applicants must be noted on the title as registered proprietors, where they are Trustee
s and Executors of the estate of their late father. They came within section 169(a) in that they were then authorised to summon the occupier to show cause.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5117122 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 (5) State Lands Act section 13 appears to be a complete bar to any equitable estoppel arising in the Defendant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5117122 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 s favour. He has not shown that he comes within any equitable exceptions.
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 
\par }\pard\plain \s17\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5117122 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 
Order for vacant possession granted. 
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5117122 \fs24\lang3081\langfe3081\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp3081 {\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 [Note:}{
\b\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122  }{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 This case is reviewed in }{\lang2057\langfe3081\dbch\af12\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 
\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 the Legal Lali Vol IV No. 1 p.42 June 2001]
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\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 Cases referred to in Judgment
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 Ref }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 Abdul Aziz v Kapadia & Anor }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 
[1978] FCA Civ App 53/78 30 November 1978 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5117122 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 dist }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 Badal & 2 Ors v Bhim Sen}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122  [1978] FCA Civ App 49/77 22 March 1978
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5117122 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 Cons}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122  }{
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 Chalmers v Pardoe}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 [1903] 3 All ER 552

\par dist }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 Gurdial Singh v Shiu Raj }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 [1982] Civ. App. 44/82 30 November 1982}{
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 dist }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 Lawlor v Timoci Duaibe }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 (1976)
 22 FLR 134
\par dist }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 Lila Wati, Raj Pal & Madan Pal }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 as Executors and Trustees of the Estate of Ram Pal}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122  }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 v}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122  }{
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 Alitia Vakaraubula }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 (1994) 40 FLR 107
\par Cons}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122  Long v Castle}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 [1924] S.A.S.R. 255

\par Foll }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 Parvati Narayan v Suresh Prasad }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 [1997] HBC 0275/96L 15 August 1997
\par Cons}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122  }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 Phalad v Sukh Raj }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 
(1978) 24 FLR 170
\par Foll }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 Ram Devi v Satya Nand Sharma & Anor.}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 (1985) 31 FLR 130 
\par appl }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 Ram Lochan Regan v Satya Nand Verma }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 (1965) 11 FLR 240
\par Cons }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 Ram Narayan v Moti Ram}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122  [1983] ABU 16/83 28 July 1983
\par }\pard\plain \s17\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5117122 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 dist }{
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 Ramesh v Manji Jadavji & Ors }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 [1982] SC Civ Action 226/81 26 August 1982.
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5117122 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 dist }{
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 Sheila Maharaj v Jai Chand }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 [1986] 1 AC 898
\par Foll }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 Shyam Lal v Eric Martin Schultz}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122  (1972) 18 FLR 152 }{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 Foll }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 Vallabh Das Premji v Vinod Lal & Nanki and Koki}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122  [1975] FCA 70/74 17 March 1975
\par 
\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 Haroon A Shah for the Plaintiffs 
\par Vipul Mishra for the Defendant
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 
\par }\trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ts21\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid5117122\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol \clvertalt
\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1728\clshdrawnil \cellx1620\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth7128\clshdrawnil 
\cellx8748\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid161321 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5117122\charrsid5117122 30 April, 2001 \cell }\pard 
\ql \li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\pararsid5117122 {\b\caps\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5117122\charrsid5117122 judgment\cell }\pard 
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {\b\caps\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5117122\charrsid5117122 \trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow 
\ts21\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid5117122\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl 
\clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1728\clshdrawnil \cellx1620\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth7128\clshdrawnil \cellx8748\row }\pard 
\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5117122 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 Gates, J}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498 
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5117122\charrsid5117122 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 The Plaintiffs have a State Lease over 12 acres of sugar cane land. The Defendant occupies a quarter acre of it. The parties fell out. The Plaintiff
s complained to the police of roadblocks being erected by the Defendant on an access road. The Defendant says he was invited onto the land 30 years ago by the Plaintiffs}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5117122 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122  father and by Indar Prasad, the 1st named Plaintiff
. He says he was given a piece of land, a boundary was marked out, and he was promised that necessary sub-division would be done. Relying on that promise, the Defendant went and built a 3 bedroom house on the land. This is denied by the Plaintiff
s. They say the Defendant has been a nuisance, and that his conduct has interfered with their peaceful enjoyment of the land. The Plaintiffs now seek to eject the Defendant.
\par 
\par On 13 October 1999 the Plaintiffs filed a summons together
 with an affidavit in support seeking an order for vacant possession. Owing to an error, judgment was originally obtained by default. In time, this was set aside. The matter then came on for hearing. Before the court were 2 affidavits from the Plaintiff
s and two from the Defendant.
\par 
\par The proceedings are brought under section 169 of the Land Transfer Act Cap. 131. This is a summary procedure in which the High Court exercises a special jurisdiction under Part XXIV of the Act. The Defendant must show cause to a judge}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5117122 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 s satisfaction as to why he should not give up possession to the Applicant.
\par }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 
\par Need the Plaintiffs prove that the Director of Lands consented to the institution of these proceedings?}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16218164\charrsid5117122 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 
This is, of course, a different question from that of whether the occupier occupied the relevant State Lease without the prior consent of the Director of Lands. I shall deal with that question later.}{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 Order 113 of the High Court Rules which provides for sum
mary proceedings for possession of land does not specify the need for proof of consent for the institution of proceedings for ejectment, nor does the State Lands Act Cap. 132. The lease was originally a Crown Lease granted to the late Mr. Ram Nath, the fi
rst proviso of which stated the lease was to be "a protected lease under the provisions of the Crown Lands Act."
\par 
\par The relevant part of Section 13 of that Act, which provides certain safeguards for protected leases, states:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5117122\charrsid5117122 
\par }\pard \ql \li640\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin640\itap0\pararsid5117122 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5117122 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 ...
 nor, except at the suit or with the written consent of the Director of Lands, }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 shall any such lease be dealt with by any court of law}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122  or under the process of any court of law,...}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5117122 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 (underlining added)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5117122 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 
\par {\*\bkmkstart s171_Land_Transf_Prasad_Wati_v_P_Chand}Section 171{\*\bkmkend s171_Land_Transf_Prasad_Wati_v_P_Chand} of the Land Transfer Act provides:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5117122\charrsid5117122 
\par }\pard \ql \li748\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin748\itap0\pararsid5117122 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 
"On the day appointed for the hearing of the summons, if the person summoned does not appear, then upon proof to the satisfaction of the judge of the due service of such summons and upon proof of the title by the proprietor or lessor }{
\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 and, if any consent is necessary, by the production and proof of such consent,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 
 the judge may order immediate possession to be given to the Plaintiff, which order shall have the effect of and may be enforced as a judgment in ejectment." }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 (underlining added)
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5117122 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 
\par At first sight, both sections would seem to suggest that an Applicant should first obtain the Director}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5117122 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 
s written consent prior to the commencement}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 of section 169 
proceedings and exhibit it to his affidavit in support. However I favour Lyons J.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5117122 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 s approach in}{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122  }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 {\*\bkmkstart Parvati_N_v_Prasad_Prasad_Wati_v_P_Chand}Parvati Narayan v Suresh Prasad}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122  {\*\bkmkend Parvati_N_v_Prasad_Prasad_Wati_v_P_Chand}(unreported) Lautoka High Court Civil Action No. HBC0275 of 1996L 15th
 August 1997 at p 4 insofar as his Lordship found that consent w}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5117122 as not needed at all since the:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5117122\charrsid5117122 
\par }\pard \ql \li680\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin680\itap0\pararsid5117122 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5117122 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 section 169
 application (which is the ridding off the land of a trespasser) is not a dealing of such a nature as requires the Director}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5117122 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 
s consent."
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5117122 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 
\par This must be correct for the Director}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5117122 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 
s sanction is concerned with who is to be allowed a State lease or powers over it, and not with the riddance of those who have never applied for his consent. With respect I was unable to adopt the second limb of Lyons J}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5117122 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 s conclusion a few lines further on where his lordship stated that the order could be made conditional upon the Director}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5117122 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 s consent. For if the court}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5117122 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 s order of ejectment was not "a dealing" then such order would not require the Director}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5117122 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 s consent and the court would not be subject to}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 section 13. The court is not concerned with the grant of or refusal of, consent by the Director, provided such 
consent is given lawfully. Consent is solely a matter for the Director. The statutory regime appears to acknowledge that the Director}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5117122 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 s interest in protecting State leases is supported by the court}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5117122 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 s order of ejectment against those unable to show cause fo
r their occupation of the land which is subject to the lease. The court is asked to make an order of ejectment against a person in whose favour the Director either, has never considered granting a lease, or has never granted a lease. The ejectment of an o
ccupier who holds no lease is therefore not a dealing with a lease. Such occupier has no title. There is no lease
 to him to be dealt with. The order is for his ejectment from the land. There is no need for a duplicating function, a further scrutiny by the Director, of the Plaintiff}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5117122 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 s application for ejectment either before or after the judge gives his order.
\par 
\par It is not appropriate to deal now with the many and various applications under section 169 where the Director}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5117122 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 
s consent might be required prior to the institution of proceedings. In the past the Director}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5117122 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 
s consent to institution has often been proved to the court, see }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 {\*\bkmkstart Ram_Regan_v_Satya_Verma_Prasad_W_v_Chand}Ram Lochan Regan v Satya Nand Verma}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 {\*\bkmkend Ram_Regan_v_Satya_Verma_Prasad_W_v_Chand}[1965] Fiji LR 240 at 242E where the Director}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5117122 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 
s consent was obtained prior to the application to evict a statutory sub-tenant of a Crown Lease supervening after a monthly tenancy. I find it is not necessary to prove the Director of Lands has given his consent to the institution
 of proceedings for ejectment of a mere occupier without lease.
\par 
\par }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 The Notice to Quit}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5117122\charrsid5117122 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 In his affidavit in support sworn on 6th October 1999, Indar Prasad said: }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5117122 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 I have on many occasions demanded that the Defendant vacate the said property but he refuses to do so...". He exhibited a letter written to the Defendant by the Plaintiff}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5117122 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 s previous solicitors dated 26th
 August 1998. This letter is headed "Notice to Vacate". The solicitor said he was writing "as solicitors for Mr. Indar Prasad and Mrs. Bidya Wati the Executors and Trustees of the estate of Ram Nath". The full text is as follows:}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5117122 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5117122\charrsid5117122 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 "We act as Solicitors for Mr. Indar Prasad and Mrs. Bidya Wati the Executors and Trustees of the Estate of Ram Nath and our instructions are as follows:}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid5117122 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5117122\charrsid5117122 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 (a)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5117122  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 Our clients are 
the Trustees and absolute beneficiaries of }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 Crown Lease }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 No.5989.
\par 
\par (b)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5117122  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 
That you are residing on a quarter acre of the said Crown Lease as an invitee but without the prior consent of the Director of Lands first had and obtained.
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid5117122 \fs16\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid5117122 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 (c)}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5117122  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 That due to your conduct whereby you have become a nuisance our clients now ask 
that you vacate the Crown Lease within twenty eight (28) days and any permission for your occupation is revoked.
\par 
\par (d)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5117122  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 That whilst vacating you should remove all the improvements carried out on the property by you.
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5117122 {\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 
\par TAKE NOTICE}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122  that failure to vacate will result in High Court action and this will only result in unnecessary legal costs."
\par }\pard \ql \li680\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin680\itap0\pararsid5117122 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5117122 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 In his affidavit sworn on 17 November 1999 the Defendant admits having received suc
h a Notice. He said his solicitors replied to it by their letter of 12 September 1998, referring to the fact that the Defendant, their client, had in turn referred it to them for reply. The Defendant claims that it was necessary for the Plaintiff
s to have first revoked the invitation to occupy.
\par 
\par The letter giving Notice did refer to the Defendant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5117122 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 
s status on the quarter acre as an invitee (para. (a)). However it is not necessary that there should be two stages to the eviction, that is first the service of a
 revocation and then a Notice to Quit. It would be sufficient if both were given together. The letter of 20th August 1998 was sufficient notice for the purposes of revocation and for the Notice to Quit.
\par 
\par It is suggested also that the Notice was insufficient. In}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122  }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 Ram Lochan Regan }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 (supra) at p 244F Marsack VP said:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx180\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5117122 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5117122\charrsid5117122 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 "As is stated in }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 Foa on Landlord and }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 
Tenant 7th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5117122  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 Edn., p. 598, para. 964:
\par "No particular form is requisite for a notice to quit. The notice must:-}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx180\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid5117122 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5117122\charrsid5117122 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 1.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5117122  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 be addressed to the right person,
\par 2.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5117122  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 properly describe the premises to which it relates,
\par 3.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5117122  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 be plain and unequivocal and
\par 4.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5117122  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 expire at the proper time.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5117122 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx180\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5117122 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5117122\charrsid5117122 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 There is no doubt that the notice under review is addressed to the right person, and properly describes the premises. It has not been
 contended that it does not expire at the proper time. Can it be said that it is not plain and unequivocal?"}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5117122 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 The Notice in the instant case provided sufficient details also.
\par 
\par Mr. Mishra for the Defendant complains that there is insufficient evidence of date of service of the Notice. It is correct that the date of service in a lease case should have been proved satisfactorily in the affidavit. In this case, the Defendant}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5117122 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 s solicitors replied on 12 September 1998 to the Notice that they were handed by their 
client. No complaint was made by the solicitors that there was ambiguity over the date by which the client was to vacate, nor did they request more time because of short service. Additionally, if it were assumed that the Defendant
 only received the Notice on the day his solicitors replied to it 12 September 1998, 28 days further on would be approximately 10 October 1998. Proceedings for ejectment were not instituted till a year later, on 13 October 1999, when the Defendant
 was still occupying the land. I find there was no uncertainty over the date required for vacation of the land. I find the evidence of the Plaintiff adequate in this regard taken with that of the Defendant
, bearing in mind that the burden of satisfying the court is on the Defendant. In }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 {\*\bkmkstart Vallabh_Premji_v_Lal_Prasad_Wati_v_Chand}Vallabh Das Premji v Vinod Lal & 2 Others}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 {\*\bkmkend Vallabh_Premji_v_Lal_Prasad_Wati_v_Chand}
(unreported) FCA Civil App. No. 70 of 1974 17 March 1975 at p 130 Gould VP said:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5117122 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5117122\charrsid5117122 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5117122 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 Proof of service of a notice to quit on a date when 
it will, according to its terms, be effective to terminate the tenancy, is essential to the jurisdiction of the court, in a case of this nature, to make the ejectment order applied for.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5117122 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5117122 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 
\par The present case however does not concern a tenancy. On the Defendant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5117122 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 s evidence it is claimed there was a gift of part of the 
Plaintiff}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5117122 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 s State lease or at the least an invitation to occupy. Order 113 procedure is appropriate for ejectment proceedings w
here the land "is occupied solely by a person or persons (not being a tenant or tenants holding over after the termination of the tenancy) who entered into or remained in occupation without his licence or consent...}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5117122 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 . The affidavit in support in such cases does not have to provide evidence of a prior Notice to Quit. After al
l, if no right to occupy the land is shown to the judge and the Defendant is not a former tenant, it is doubtful whether a notice to quit need be served or proved in order to found jurisdiction [see {\*\bkmkstart O113_3_HCR_Prasad_Wati_v_P_Chand}
Ord. 113 r.3{\*\bkmkend O113_3_HCR_Prasad_Wati_v_P_Chand}, and {\*\bkmkstart s169_c_Land_Transf_I_Prasad_Wati_v_Chand}section 169(c) {\*\bkmkend s169_c_Land_Transf_I_Prasad_Wati_v_Chand}
Land Transfer Act]. Solicitors will no doubt continue to serve Notices to Quit in all cases as a matter of clarity and of caution. As was said in }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 Vallabh Das Premji}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 (supra) at 131
 "each case must depend on its own facts and circumstances." Had this application involved the termination of a lease, the lack of proof of the date of service of a Notice to Quit would have proved fatal: }{
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 Vallabh Das Premji}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 at 132}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122  followed in}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122  }{
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 {\*\bkmkstart Abdul_Aziz_v_Kapadia_Prasad_Wati_v_Chand}Abdul Aziz v {\*\bkmkend Abdul_Aziz_v_Kapadia_Prasad_Wati_v_Chand}Kapadia & Anor.}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 (unreported) FCA Civil Appeal No. 53 of 1978 30th November 1978 at p 5.
\par 
\par Lastly, it is said of the Notice to Quit that it was issued on behalf of the Plaintiffs before they were noted on the title as the registered proprietors. The Notice was issued on 26th August 1998 and the Plaintiffs were not noted on the title till 27th
 August 1999. Proceedings were filed afterwards on 15 October 1999. On 1st April 1973 Crown lease No. 5989 had been granted to Ram Nath, the father of both Plaintiffs. On his death the Plaintiff
s became the Executors and Trustees of his estate. They were clearly acting in the interests of the estate and appropriately as Trustees in causing a Notice to Quit to be issued. At the time proceedings were instituted the Plaintiff
s were then the last registered proprietors of the land, and therefore they came within {\*\bkmkstart s169_a_Land_Transf_Prasad_Wati_v_P_Chand}section 169(a) {\*\bkmkend s169_a_Land_Transf_Prasad_Wati_v_P_Chand}
in that they were then authorised to summon the occupier to show cause. There is no requirement that at }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 the time of issuing a Notice to Quit}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122  the subsequent Applicants must then be noted on the title as the registered proprietors.
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li80\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin80\itap0\pararsid5117122 {\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 The Facts}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498 
\par }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5117122\charrsid5117122 
\par }\pard \ql \li40\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin40\itap0\pararsid5117122 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 It is argued for the Defendant
 that this is not a suitable case for summary proceedings. It is said the facts are complicated and in dispute. I do not accept that. Some facts are in dispute, b
ut those that are of importance for the determination of this matter are not significantly challenged. }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 {\*\bkmkstart Shyam_Lal_v_Schultz_Prasad_Wati_v_Chand}Shyam Lal v Schultz}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 {\*\bkmkend Shyam_Lal_v_Schultz_Prasad_Wati_v_Chand} }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 [1972] 18 Fiji LR 152 at 154;}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 of }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 
{\*\bkmkstart Ram_Devi_v_Satya_Sharma_Prasad_W_v_Chand}Ram Devi v Satya Nand Sharma & Anor{\*\bkmkend Ram_Devi_v_Satya_Sharma_Prasad_W_v_Chand}.}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 [1985] 31 Fiji LR 130 at 135A}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 .
\par }\pard \ql \fi740\li40\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin40\itap0\pararsid5117122 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5117122 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 Indar Prasad, the first named Plaintiff
 appears to deny in his supplementary affidavit sworn on 26th November 1999 that either his father or himself, "at any stage invited the Defendant upon the said land." Yet the solicitors for the Plaintiffs in their Notice to Quit have referred to the 
Defendant as "an invitee". This Notice was exhibited to Indar Prasad}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5117122 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 s first affidavit in which he had referred to the Defendant
 as "a trespasser." The Plaintiffs do not explain the circumstances in which the Defendant arrived on the land as either an invitee or a trespasser. On this evidence I find that the Defendant has been on the land for some time. On the other hand, the 
Defendant has failed to explain why he was promised to be "given" the quarter acre of land. There is no evidence of any memorandum in writing, or of any consideration being given for the promise o
r gift, and no suggestion that rent was paid meanwhile pending subdivision. The burden of satisfying the judge of the right of possession is on the Defendant
. If he fails to discharge that burden he will suffer an order of ejectment; and if so and in order to regain rights of occupation or possession he will be left with the remedy of proceeding by way of writ and Statement of Claim.
\par 
\par Neither party assert that the Director of Lands consent was sought before or after the occupation by the Defendant.
\par }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 
\par Lack of Director}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5117122 '}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 s Consent and estoppel}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498 
\par }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5117122\charrsid5117122 
\par }\pard \ql \li40\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin40\itap0\pararsid5117122 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 Section 13 of the State Lands Act prohibits any dealing in land which is
 comprised in a State Lease, without the Director of Lands}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5117122 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122  consent. Whatever the nature of the permission granted to the Defendant
 to occupy the relevant State land, it was clearly unlawful because it lacked the Director}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5117122 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 s consent. The Defendant
 would have committed the criminal offence of trespass on State Land under {\*\bkmkstart s32_State_Lands_Prasad_Wati_v_P_Chand}sections 32 {\*\bkmkend s32_State_Lands_Prasad_Wati_v_P_Chand}and {\*\bkmkstart s40_State_Lands_Prasad_Wati_v_P_Chand}40
{\*\bkmkend s40_State_Lands_Prasad_Wati_v_P_Chand} of the Act. Unlawful occupation of Native land is similarly an offence under {\*\bkmkstart s27_Native_Lands_Prasad_Wati_v_P_Chand}section 27 {\*\bkmkend s27_Native_Lands_Prasad_Wati_v_P_Chand}of the Nati
ve Lands Trust Act Cap. 134 and other breaches of that Act are caught by {\*\bkmkstart s26_State_Lands_Prasad_Wati_v_P_Chand}{\*\bkmkstart s26_Native_Lands_Prasad_Wati_v_P_Chand}section 26{\*\bkmkend s26_State_Lands_Prasad_Wati_v_P_Chand}
{\*\bkmkend s26_Native_Lands_Prasad_Wati_v_P_Chand}. {\*\bkmkstart s12_Native_Lands_I_Prasad_Wati_v_P_Chand}Section 12 {\*\bkmkend s12_Native_Lands_I_Prasad_Wati_v_P_Chand}of NLTA is couched in similar language to that of 
{\*\bkmkstart s13_State_Lands_Prasad_Wati_v_P_Chand}section 13 {\*\bkmkend s13_State_Lands_Prasad_Wati_v_P_Chand}of the State Lands Act.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5117122 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 
\par If I were to accept all of the Defendant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5117122 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 s evidence unchallenged by the Plaintiffs, the Defendant
 fails to satisfy me that he has a right to possession. Apart from the paucity of evidence on the agreement with the Plaintiffs}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5117122 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 
 deceased father, the agreement itself falls foul of the statutory prohibition on dealing with State leases. The Defendant
 has gone into possession and built a house without the consent of the Director of Lands. The Director has had no prior opportunity to evaluate the Defendant as a suitable tenant of the State
, the very purpose for the consent provision. Any gift or promise to subdivide and to grant part of the State Lease to the Defendant would be null and void in these circumstances. It would also be in breach of 
{\*\bkmkstart s4_b_Subdivison_Land_Prasad_Wati_v_Chand}section 4(b){\*\bkmkend s4_b_Subdivison_Land_Prasad_Wati_v_Chand} of the Subdivision of Land Act Cap. 140 and therefore an offence under {\*\bkmkstart s15_Subdivison_Land_Prasad_Wati_v_Chand}
section 15 {\*\bkmkend s15_Subdivison_Land_Prasad_Wati_v_Chand}of that Act; see generally in relation to Native Leases: }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 {\*\bkmkstart Chalmers_v_Pardoe_Indar_v_Bidya}Chalmers v
 Pardoe}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 {\*\bkmkend Chalmers_v_Pardoe_Indar_v_Bidya}[1903] 3 All ER 552 PC;}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122  }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 {\*\bkmkstart Phalad_v_Raj_I_Prasad_Wati_v_Chand}Phalad v Sukh Raj}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 {\*\bkmkend Phalad_v_Raj_I_Prasad_Wati_v_Chand} }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 [1978] 24 Fiji LR 170; }{
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 {\*\bkmkstart Ram_Narayan_v_Ram_Prasad_Wati_v_Chand}Ram Narayan v Moti Ram}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 {\*\bkmkend Ram_Narayan_v_Ram_Prasad_Wati_v_Chand}(unreported) FCA Civil Appeal 16 of 1983; 28 July 1983 and for Crown Lands see }{
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 {\*\bkmkstart Long_v_Castle_Indar_v_Bidya}Long v Castle}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 {\*\bkmkend Long_v_Castle_Indar_v_Bidya}[1924] SASR 255.
\par 
\par In }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 {\*\bkmkstart Sheila_Maharaj_v_Chand_Prasad_W_v_Chand}Sheila Maharaj v Jai Chand}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 
{\*\bkmkend Sheila_Maharaj_v_Chand_Prasad_W_v_Chand} }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 [1986] 1 AC 898 the Appellant
 was held to have "a personal right not amounting to a property interest" to reside in the house on the native lease. She had lived with the Respondent and had used her earnings to pay for household needs, and she looked after the Respondent
, her de facto husband, and the children as wife and mother. Sir Robin Cooke, in delivering the Privy Council}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5117122 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 
s decision, concluded (at 908E):}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5117122\charrsid5117122 
\par }\pard \ql \li760\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin760\itap0\pararsid5117122 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 "The appeal raises no question regarding the Plaintiff}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5117122 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 s ability to assign the sublease. In any event that is subject to the control of the Native Land Trust Board under section 12.

\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \li6960\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin6960\itap0\pararsid5117122 \fs16\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5117122 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 
Their Lordships add the caveat that they are far from saying that wheneve
r a union between an unmarried couple comes to an end, one who is the sole owner in law and equity of the property hitherto their home should not be able to obtain an order for possession against the other. It is the particular combination of facts which 
has led to the estoppel in the present case.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5117122 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5117122 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 
\par Similarly, personal rights to remain and occupy, over freehold land, were found in }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 {\*\bkmkstart Gurdial_Singh_v_Raj_Prasad_Wati_v_Chand}Gurdial Singh v Shiu Raj}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 {\*\bkmkend Gurdial_Singh_v_Raj_Prasad_Wati_v_Chand}(unreported) FCA Civil App. No. 44 of 1982; 30th
 November 1982; and in }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 {\*\bkmkstart Lila_Wati_v_Vakaraubula_Prasad_W_v_Chand}Lila Wati and 2 Others v Alitia Vakaraubula}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 {\*\bkmkend Lila_Wati_v_Vakaraubula_Prasad_W_v_Chand} }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 [1994] 40 Fiji LR 107.}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 After trial on oral evidence, Williams J. in }{
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 {\*\bkmkstart Ramesh_v_Jadavji_Prasad_Wati_v_Chand}Ramesh v Manji Jadavji & {\*\bkmkend Ramesh_v_Jadavji_Prasad_Wati_v_Chand}Others }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 (unreported) Lautoka Supreme Court Civil Action 226 of 1981 26 August 1982 said at p 6:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5117122\charrsid5117122 
\par }\pard \ql \li680\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin680\itap0\pararsid5117122 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 "The firm had been in occupation as annual sub-tenants for 45 years up to enterin
g the fresh lease ex.p. 7 in 1976. The law will not presume that such occupation was unlawful and it is for the Plaintiff who alleges illegality to plead and prove facts in support of the allegation.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5117122 "}
{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122  
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5117122 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 
\par And further on:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5117122\charrsid5117122 
\par }\pard \ql \li640\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin640\itap0\pararsid5117122 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 "However, the Defendant
 was not let into possession under Ex.P. 7; he was already in possession and there is no evidence of any other act arising under the agreement Ex.P. 7 which comes within the transactions prohibited under section 12.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5117122 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5117122 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 
\par The Court found that possession of the native lease had always been with prior consent. Possession could lawfully continue whilst the new lease was granted the necessary consent. Mr. Mishra referred me also to }{
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 {\*\bkmkstart Badal_v_Bhim_Sen_Prasad_Wati_v_Chand}Badal & 2 Others v Bhim Sen}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 {\*\bkmkend Badal_v_Bhim_Sen_Prasad_Wati_v_Chand}
(unreported) FCA Civil App. No. 49 of 1977; 22 March 1978 where the Court of Appeal upheld the trial judge in finding an equitable estoppel. The Plaintiff had built on the land and expended money in the mistaken belief that he was entitled 
to do so without any intervention by the owner to assert his rights. This was of course over freehold land, where no consent was required. In }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 
{\*\bkmkstart Lawlor_v_Duaibe_Prasad_Wati_v_Chand}Lawlor v Timoci Duaibe}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 
{\*\bkmkend Lawlor_v_Duaibe_Prasad_Wati_v_Chand}[1976] 22 Fiji LR 134 the Defendant was said to be a licencee by contract since the Plaintiff had signed a settlement agreement to allow the Defendant
 to remain on part of the freehold land till his death. The court found that equity could protect such a licence, and therefore the eviction failed.
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 Section 13 of the State Lands Act would appear to be a complete bar to any equitable estoppel arising in the Defendant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5117122 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 s favour. I am not satisfied on the Defendant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5117122 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 
s evidence that he comes within any of the equitable exceptions or that he has a right to possession. Accordingly I grant the order for vacant possession with costs for the Plaintiff of $300.
\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 
\par Application granted.
\par 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097498\charrsid5117122 Marie Chan}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1972231\charrsid5117122 
\par }}