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\li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid995643 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 {\*\bkmkstart State_v_Ilaisa_Sousou_Cava}STATE v ILAISA SOUSOU CAVA \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid995643 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 {\*\bkmkend State_v_Ilaisa_Sousou_Cava} \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 High Court Criminal Jurisdiction \par }\trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ts20\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid995643\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol \clvertalt\clbrdrt \brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2088\clshdrawnil \cellx1980\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6768\clshdrawnil \cellx8748 \pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid3889747 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid995643\charrsid995643 18, 19 April 2001\cell }\pard \ql \li4320\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin4320\pararsid995643 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid995643\charrsid995643 HAC 007/00S\cell }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid995643\charrsid995643 \trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ts20\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid995643\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2088\clshdrawnil \cellx1980\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6768\clshdrawnil \cellx8748\row }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid995643 \f40\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 \par }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 Robbery with violence - sentence \endash range of sentences in England and New Zealand compared with Fiji \endash guidelines for sentencing discussed \endash aggravating and mitigating factors \endash masked and armed men wielding weapons - prevalence of offence \endash duty of courts to pass a sentence which reflects the gravity of such offending - Penal Code s293(1) \par \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid995643 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 Four masked men, armed with cane knives, drove up to a jewellery store in a stolen motor-vehicle, parked it adjacent to the shop, and entered the shop thr ough the front door. They threatened the two female shop assistants, broke the display cabinet and took assorted jewellery.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid995643 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 The Defe ndant with others broke the shop window glass and escaped in the stolen vehicle. The Defendant pleaded guilty.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid995643 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 The Court a ssessed the tariff for an offence of robbery with violence at 4-7 years. It considered a range of English and New Zealand cases, and found the Court of Appeal considers the New Zealand guidelines for robbery with violence relevant for Fiji. The offence is also prevalent in Fiji, and there is a duty on the court to pass a sentence which reflects the gravity of such offending.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid995643 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 It is of particular importance that the owner of shops which are vulnerable to armed attacks, be protected from them. The court took into account the trauma suffered by the shop assistants and the shop owner.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid995643 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 The accused in mitigation pointed to his lack of education, the fact that he has been unemployed and is still very young.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid995643 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 The Court commented that the offence is a serious one, w ith a maximum statutory limit of life imprisonment, and was dutibound to pass a sentence which reflects the gravity of such offending, for the protection of shop-owners. \par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid995643 \fs24\lang3081\langfe3081\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp3081 {\b\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 \par Held \endash }{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 guidelines for sentencing: factors to consider which may mitigate sentence: lack of pre-meditation, minimal role played by offenders, type of weapons used,}{ \lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid995643 }{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 lack of education, where the offender has no previous convictions, has pleaded guilty and has expressed remorse, unemployment and youth. But plea of youth, previous good character are not relevant. Factors to consider for aggravated circumstances: a higher tariff from six to eight years for use of firearms, but}{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid995643 }{ \lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 a lower range of four to seven years is appropriate where firearms are not used and the premises robbed are banks, or s hops, post offices or service stations, vulnerability of victim to age, infirmity, disability or where children are involved, causing injuries in the course of the robbery, value of property stolen, evidence of planning, multiple offences and previous con victions for similar offences. \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid995643 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 \par In the circumstances, a sentence of 5 years is suitable, but where the accused is presently serving a 3 year sentence, on the totality principle, it is disproportionate, thus 5 years to be served concurrently to present sentence. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14825001 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 \par [Note: An application to the Court of Appeal for Leave to Appeal out of Time Against Sentence was dismissed on 4 March 2003: ABU 0057/02 per Reddy, J. On 6 November 2003 a Minute of Smellie, J records that when advised by the trial Judge the sentence was to be served concurrently, the Appellant indicated he did not wish to proceed, and thus, the application for Leave to Appeal and Appeal were abandoned and formally dismissed. Foll in }{ \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 Livai Tamanalevu v}{\b\i\caps\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 State}{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 [2001] HAA 016 and 027/01S 6 July 2001; appl in }{ \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af12\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Simione Raura v State}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af12\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af12\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 [2001] HAA0059/01S 5 October 2001]}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid995643 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 \par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid995643 \fs24\lang3081\langfe3081\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp3081 {\b\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 Cases referred to in Sentence }{\b\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid5852956 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid14825001\charrsid995643 \par }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 Apenisa Ralulu v State}{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 [1997] AAU 0009/95S Judgment 16 May 1997}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 \par Att-Gen}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid995643 '}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 s References}{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 (No. 3 of 1990) 92 Cr.App.R}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 \par Iliaseri Saqasaqa v State}{\i\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 }{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 Crim. App. 7/99 \par }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 John Ryland v State}{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 [1999] HAA 030/99 15 April 1999 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 \par Joseva Lui and 2 Ors v State}{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 [1998] AAU 0005/97S 12 February 1998 \par }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 Maciu Bakani v State}{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 [1996] HAC 0014/96 Judgment 23 August 1996 \par }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 Mosese Balacala v State}{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 [2000] HAA 29/00 Judgment 14 July 2000 }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 \par Nasoni Tamani v State}{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 [1999] AAU 0014/98S Judgment 12 November 1999 \par }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 R v Driscoll}{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 8 Cr.App.R(S) 121}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 \par R v Moananui}{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 (1983) NZLR 537}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 \par R v Richardson and Others}{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 The Times 10 February 1988 \par }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 R v Turner (B.J) }{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 61 Cr.App.R. 67}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 \par State v Marika Wasa}{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 [2000] HAA 33/00 8 September 2000 \par }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 Suliasi Sivaro v State}{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 [1998] AAU 0003B/97 15 May 1998 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-2160\li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid995643 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 Filimone Vosarogo for the State \par Accused in person \par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid995643 \fs24\lang3081\langfe3081\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp3081 {\b\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 \par }\trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ts20\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid14825001\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol \clvertalt \clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1908\clshdrawnil \cellx1800\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6948\clshdrawnil \cellx8748\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid16546834 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14825001\charrsid14825001 19 April, 2001\cell }\pard \ql \li1872\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1872\pararsid14825001 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14825001\charrsid14825001 SENTENCE}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14825001\charrsid14825001 \cell }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14825001\charrsid14825001 \trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ts20\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid14825001\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol \clvertalt \clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1908\clshdrawnil \cellx1800\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6948\clshdrawnil \cellx8748\row }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid995643 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 \par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 Shameem, J}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956 \par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12331623\charrsid995643 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 The Defendant has pleaded guilty to the offence of Robbery with Violence.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid995643 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 The charge reads as follows: \par \par }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 Statement of Offence}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid995643 {\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 ROBBERY WITH VIOLENCE}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 : Contrary to {\*\bkmkstart s293_1_PC_State_v_Ilaisa_Cava}Section 293(1) {\*\bkmkend s293_1_PC_State_v_Ilaisa_Cava}of the Penal Code, Cap. 17. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid995643 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 \par }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 Particulars of Offence}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid995643 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 NETANI CAKACAKA, ILAISA SOUSOU CAVA, LEDUA TIKOSAYA CAGILEVU and another on the 20th day of October 1999 at Nausori in the Central Division, robbed DEEPAK LODHIA s/o DHIRU BAI the owner of TULJA JEWELLERS of assorted jewellery to the total value of $6,500.00 and immediately before such robbery threatened the said DEEPAK LODHIA s/o DHIRU BAI with cane knives. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid995643 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 \par The case against his co-Defendants has been adjourned to another date for trial.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid995643 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 The Third Defendant is still at large and und er bench warrant. \par \par The facts of the case as outlined by the prosecution are as follows: On the 20th of October 1999 at 10.45am, the Defendant with two others, entered the Tulja Jewellery Shop in Nausori, wearing masks and armed with cane knives.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid995643 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 They had come to Nausori from Cunningham Road in a stolen motor-vehicle, had parked it adjacent to the shop, and entered the shop through the front door. \par \par They threatened the shop assistants, two women, and the owner Deepak Lodhia.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid995643 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 The assistants were taken to the back of the shop where there is an office.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid995643 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 The Defendant , with the others, then broke the show glass in the shop and put assorted jewellery into a bag.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid995643 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 The Defendant was unable to leave the shop by the door, and he with others then broke the window glass of the shop and left in the vehicle parked outside. \par \par The jewellery taken was valued at $6,500.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid995643 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 No one was injured, although whilst in the shop, the robbers had wielded their cane knives at the shop assistants and the owner. \par \par The Defendant was apprehended on 6th November 1999, and he confessed to the commission of the offence, to the police.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid995643 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 He was charged on the 7th of November and remanded until 18th November 1999, when he was granted bail by the Suva Magistrates}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid995643 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 Court. \par \par The Defendant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid995643 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 s antecedent history shows that he is 20 years old, and is unemployed.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid995643 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 His father died in 1990, and he now lives with his mother and stepfather, at Nadonumai, Delainavesi.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid995643 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 He was educated to Form 5 level and left school because he did not have the means to continue. \par \par His previous convictions show that he was convicted of Restaurant Breaking and Larceny in 1998, of Drunk Disorderly in 1998, of Unlawful Use of Motor Vehicle in 1999, of Larceny and Driving Vehicle in Contravention of 3rd Party Risks, also in 1999.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid995643 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 On 27th February 2001, he was convicted of Office Breaking Entry and Larceny and sentenced to three years imprisonment.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid995643 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 He is currently serving that sentence. \par \par In mitigation, the Defendant said that he was 19 years old that he had been brought up by his grandmother after his father}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid995643 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 s death.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid995643 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 He expressed remorse for the commission of the offence, and said that he was unlikely to rehabilitate in prison.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid995643 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 He asked for leniency. \par \par I asked State Counsel to provide me with authorities on sentencing for Robbery with Violence, and gave him time to find them.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid995643 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 It appears to me that a guideline judgment for offences of Robbery with Violence might be of assistance to the Magistrates}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid995643 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 court, and the High Court in approaching sentencing.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid995643 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 These guidelines are relevant only to cases of armed robbery.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid995643 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 In line with sentencing practice in other countries, guidelines for armed robbery are different from robbery without weapons of, for instance, a handbag or a watch on the street. \par \par }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 England}{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12331623\charrsid995643 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 Under {\*\bkmkstart s8_Theft_Act_UK_State_v_Ilaisa_Cava}section 8 of the Theft Act {\*\bkmkend s8_Theft_Act_UK_State_v_Ilaisa_Cava} 1968, an offence of robbery or of assault with intent to rob, has a maximum sentence of life imprisonment.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid995643 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 In }{ \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 {\*\bkmkstart R_v_Turner_State_v_Ilaisa_Cava}R v Turner (B.J) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 {\*\bkmkend R_v_Turner_State_v_Ilaisa_Cava}61 Cr. App. R. 67, the Court of Appeal said that the normal sentence for anyone taking part in a bank robbery or the hold-up of a security van should be 15 years imprisonment, if firearms were carried.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid995643 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 Previous good character is not a strong mitigating factor although repeated offenders should be sentenced more heavily than first offenders.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid995643 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 For several robberies, the maximum sentence should not normally be more than 18 years unless there are exceptional circumstances. \par \par In }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 {\*\bkmkstart R_v_Driscoll_State_v_Ilaisa_Cava}R v Driscoll}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 {\*\bkmkend R_v_Driscoll_State_v_Ilaisa_Cava} 8 Cr. App. R(S) 121, the Court of Appeal held that where robbery was committed in the course of a burglary, a 15 year prison term was justified for offences of robbery, aggravated burglary and causing grievous harm.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid995643 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 The Court said that there was a need to protect elderly people living alone, who were increasingly selected by burglars for such attacks. \par \par In }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 {\*\bkmkstart R_v_Richardson_State_v_Ilaisa_Cava}R v Richardson and Others}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 {\*\bkmkend R_v_Richardson_State_v_Ilaisa_Cava}The Times February 10, 1988 sentences of 13 years, 12 years and 11 years youth custody for the Defendant s who were of previous good character, and who had taken part in a series of robberies on houses where the victims were asleep but were disturbed and attacked with knives, were held to be right in principle.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid995643 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 Ewbank J said that robberies of this nature were so serious that a plea of youth or of previous good character was of little relevance, and that where the victims were old or very young, the sentence would be even longer. \par \par Similarly long prison sentences were held to be proper in the robberies of small shops in }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 {\*\bkmkstart AG_Reference_3_90_State_v_Ilaisa_Cava}Att-Gen}{ \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid995643 '}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 s References}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 {\*\bkmkend AG_Reference_3_90_State_v_Ilaisa_Cava}(No. 3 of 1990) 92 Cr. App. R. \par \par }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 New Zealand}{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12331623\charrsid995643 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 The New Zealand Court of Appeal in }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 {\*\bkmkstart R_v_Moananui_State_v_Ilaisa_Cava}R v Moananui}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 {\*\bkmkend R_v_Moananui_State_v_Ilaisa_Cava} (1983) NZLR 537, after reviewing cases of armed robberies carried out in banks, shops and post offices, said that such cases attracted sentences of six to eight years imprisonment.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid995643 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 Aggravated robberies in dwelling-houses which involved smaller members of victims but invariably resulted in a gross invasion of person privacy, attracted sentences of four to six years.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid995643 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 A review of the cases showed that the use of weapo ns, the vulnerability of the victims, and the infliction of injuries increased the sentence.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid995643 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 Lack of pre-meditation and minimal roles played by some offenders may mitigate the sentence. \par \par }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 Fiji}{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12331623\charrsid995643 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 Cases referred to me by State Counsel are as follows:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12331623 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12331623\charrsid995643 \par }\pard\plain \s19\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12331623 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 1. \tab }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 {\*\bkmkstart Apenisa_Ralulu_v_S_State_v_Ilaisa_Cava}Apenisa Ralulu v The State}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 {\*\bkmkend Apenisa_Ralulu_v_S_State_v_Ilaisa_Cava}Crim. App. AAU009/1995S.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid995643 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 The offender pleaded guilty to Robbery with Violence on three counts.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid995643 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 He used a cane knife and pinch bar to threaten the victims in a supermarket.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid995643 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 A total of $3750 was taken from the till.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid995643 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 No injuries were caused.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid995643 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 The Court of appeal confirmed a total sentence of 8 years imprisonment. \par \par 2.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 \tab {\*\bkmkstart Maciu_Bakani_v_S_State_v_Ilaisa_Cava}Maciu Bakani v The State}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 {\*\bkmkend Maciu_Bakani_v_S_State_v_Ilaisa_Cava} Crim. App. No. 14/96 (High Court).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid995643 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 A sentence of 5 years imprisonment imposed by the Magistrates}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid995643 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 Court, was reduced by Fatiaki J to 2 years on the ground that the offender was already serving a lengthy term of imprisonment.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid995643 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 The offender had been armed with a cane knife and pinch bar and had robbed a supermarket of $4025.00. \par \par 3.\tab }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 {\*\bkmkstart Suliasi_Sivaro_v_S_State_v_Ilaisa_Cava}Suliasi Sivaro v The State}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 {\*\bkmkend Suliasi_Sivaro_v_S_State_v_Ilaisa_Cava}Crim. App. No. AAU0003/B of 1996.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid995643 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 The offender had robbed a security van of $48,726.00, threatening the security officers with knives.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid995643 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 They were masked.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid995643 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 The sentence of 4 years imprisonment was upheld by the Court of Appeal. \par \par 4.\tab }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 {\*\bkmkstart John_Ryland_v_S_State_v_Ilaisa_Cava}John Ryland v The State}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 {\*\bkmkend John_Ryland_v_S_State_v_Ilaisa_Cava}Crim. App. No. HAA 030 of 1999.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid995643 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 The offender was sentenced to 4 years imprisonment on his plea of guilty.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid995643 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 The robbery was at a dwelling house at night, and the owners of the house were assaulted. $1,470.00 was stolen.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid995643 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 The Appellant had a previous conviction for a similar offence.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid995643 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 The sentence was upheld, as was the activation of a suspended sentence of 9 months. \par \par 5.\tab }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 {\*\bkmkstart Mosese_Balacala_v_S_State_v_Ilaisa_Cava}Mosese Balacala v The State}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 {\*\bkmkend Mosese_Balacala_v_S_State_v_Ilaisa_Cava} Crim. App. No. 29/2000.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid995643 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 The Appellant was sentenced to 3 years imprisonment on his own plea of guilty.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid995643 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 He had robbed a family shop of $112.00 whilst armed with a cane knife.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid995643 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 The victim, a woman, was punched on the face and body.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid995643 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 The offender was 19 years old and a first offender.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid995643 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 The sentence was reduced by the High Court because of the offender}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid995643 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 s youth, and plea of guilty, to 2\'bd years imprisonment. \par \par }\pard\plain \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12331623 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 6.\tab }{ \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 {\*\bkmkstart State_v_Marika_Wasa_State_v_Ilaisa_Cava}State v Marika Wasa}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 {\*\bkmkend State_v_Marika_Wasa_State_v_Ilaisa_Cava} Crim. App. No. 33/2000.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid995643 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 The offender was sentenced by the Magistrates}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid995643 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 Court to be bound over to keep the peace, for robbing a shop owner of $200.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid995643 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 He had held her by the hair and threatened to }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid995643 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 cut her with a knife}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid995643 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 in the shop.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid995643 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 The High Court substituted the binding over with a suspended sentence of 18 months imprisonment.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid995643 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 In }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 {\*\bkmkstart Joseva_Lui_v_State_State_v_Ilaisa_Cava}Joseva Lui and Others v The State}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 {\*\bkmkend Joseva_Lui_v_State_State_v_Ilaisa_Cava} Crim. Appeal No. AAU0005/97S, the Fiji Court of Appeal, found on facts very similar to those in the case before me, that sentences of 8 and 9 years imprisonment were excessive and reduc ed them to 6 years, 7 years and 5 years and 9 months respectively for the three offenders.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid995643 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 The offenders were armed with cane knives and a hammer, they entered a jeweller}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid995643 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 s shop, no one was injured although the occupants of the shop were frightened, and the jewellery stolen was valued at $50,000.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid995643 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 The jewellery was recovered, and the offenders pleaded guilty at the first opportunity in the Magistrates}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid995643 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 Court. \par \par On the cases cited before the court in }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 Lui}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 (supra), the trend appeared to suggest that sentences ranged from two years to seven years, with a sentence of 9 years imprisonment being reduced to 7 years in }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 {\*\bkmkstart Iliaseri_Saqasaqa_v_State_State_v_Ilaisa}Iliaseri Saqasaqa v The State}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 {\*\bkmkend Iliaseri_Saqasaqa_v_State_State_v_Ilaisa}Crim. App. No. 7 of 1993, where the offender had a long list of previous conviction, and where the offenders had been armed with a knife, a pinch bar and wire. \par \par Reducing the sentences, saying that the sentencing Judge had not given sufficient credit for the guilty pleas and the expressed remorse, the Court of Appeal said:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4005825\charrsid995643 \par }\pard \ql \li748\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin748\itap0\pararsid995643 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid995643 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 If the meagre available evidence of sentencing levels for robbery with violence is any guide, then in our view, those current levels appear too low.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid995643 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 As with most crimes, there are gradations of seriousness.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid995643 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 A helpful summary with a review of sentencing patterns and a list of actual sentences can be found in the decision of the New Zealand Court of Appeal in }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 R v Moananui}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 (1983) NZLR. \par \par The State Prosecution Service ought to be encouraged to prepare a data base along the lines of that found in the }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 Moananui}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 judgment for the guidance of Magistrates and Judges.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid995643 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 It will be seen from the }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 Moananui}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 judgment that sentences for aggravated robbery in New Zealand rarely go below 4 years. \par \par If as the learned Judge in the present case indicated, robbery with violence is becoming increasingly common in this country, then the courts ought to develop principled sentencing patterns for dealing with the problem.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid995643 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid995643 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 \par In }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 {\*\bkmkstart Nasoni_Tamani_v_S_State_v_Ilaisa_Cava}Nasoni Tamani v The State}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 {\*\bkmkend Nasoni_Tamani_v_S_State_v_Ilaisa_Cava}Crim. Appeal No. AAU004 of 1998S, the Court of Appeal considered an appeal against a sentence of 8 years imprisonment for armed robbery.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid995643 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 The arms used included a firearm and a cane knife, and the robbery was of $3000 case from an ANZ Bank branch.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid995643 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 There was no guilty plea, and the Appellant himself had been armed with a cane knife.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid995643 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 The appeal against the sentence was dismissed, the Court saying that the sentencing Judge had correctly considered the sentencing guidelines in }{ \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 Lui & Others v State}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 (supra) and }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 Moananui} {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 (supra). \par \par }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 Guidelines}{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4005825\charrsid995643 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 Considering these authorities, the Court of Appeal clearly considers the New Zealand guidelines for Robbery with Violence to be of particular relevance for Fiji. \par \par Sentences for robberies involving firearms should range from six to eight years.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid995643 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 A lower ran ge of four to seven years is appropriate where firearms are not used and the premises robbed are banks, or shops, post offices or service stations.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid995643 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 However, the sentence may be higher where the victim or victims are particularly vulnerable due to age, infirmity, disability or where children are involved.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid995643 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 Similarly where injuries are caused in the course of the robbery, a higher sentence will be justified.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid995643 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 The value of the property stolen, evidence of planning or premeditation, multiple offences and previ ous convictions for similar offences, should be considered aggravating features. \par \par The sentence may be reduced where the offender has no previous convictions, has pleaded guilty and has expressed remorse. \par \par This list of aggravating and mitigating features are by no means exhaustive.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid995643 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 Furthermore, the sentence will always be adjusted up or down, depending on the facts of the particular case. \par \par }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 This Case}{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4879873\charrsid995643 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 Applying the above principles to the present case, a sentence in the range of four to seven years is appropriate.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid995643 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 The shop which was robbed was a jewellery shop, and the weapons used were cane knives which were wielded but not used. \par \par I take into account the trauma which was undoubtedly suffered by the shop assistants and the shop owner, as a result of the robbery.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid995643 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 The facts of the case indicate that all persons were equally involved in the enterprise.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid995643 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 Furthermore none of the jewellery was recovered. \par \par I have also considered the mitigation advanced by the Defendant, his lack of education, the fact that he has been unemployed and is still very young.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid995643 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 I take into account his guilty plea, and the remorse he has expressed.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid995643 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 I also disregard all but the most recent of his previous convictions (which is for Office Breaking Entering and Larceny) for the purpose of sentence. \par \par This offence is a serious one, with a maximum statutory limit of life imprisonment.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid995643 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 The offence is also prevalent in Fiji, and there is a duty on the court to pass a sentence which reflects the gravity of such offending.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid995643 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 It is of particular importance that the owner of shops which are vulnerable to armed attacks, be protected from them. \par \par Taking all these matters into account, and after giving the Defendant credit for his guilty plea, I sentence him to five years imprisonment.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid995643 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 The sentence he is currently serving is three years imprisonment from February 2001.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid995643 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 On the totality principle, I find that the total of 8 years imprisonment to be disproportionately long, and I order that the sentence of five ye ars imprisonment be served concurrent to his present term of imprisonment. \par \par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 Sentence of 5 years imprisonment imposed, concurrent to present term. \par \par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4879873 \fs24\lang3081\langfe3081\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp3081 {\insrsid5852956\charrsid995643 Marie Chan}{ \lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid1972231\charrsid4879873 \par }}