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\cellx3960\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4788\clshdrawnil \cellx8748\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid2638163 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5593870\charrsid5593870 5 January, 22 February, 15 March 2001\cell }\pard \ql \li2880\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2880\pararsid5593870 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5593870\charrsid5593870 HAM 0014/00L\cell }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5593870\charrsid5593870 \trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ts19\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid5593870\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4068\clshdrawnil \cellx3960\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4788\clshdrawnil \cellx8748\row }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5593870 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 \par }\pard\plain \s4\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel3\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5593870 \i\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 Rape \endash 8 Appellants pleaded guilty \endash evidence - police statements and medical report tendered showed voluntariness, }{\caps\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 c}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 omplainant said to be raped by 6 men she knew \endash which 6 of 8 men alleged to have committed rape \endash Penal Code s149 \par \par Procedure - whether magistrate}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5593870 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 s acceptance of facts as put by the prosecutor without reading interview notes and charge statements to ascertain correctness of each accused}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5593870 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 s guilty plea a miscarriage of justice \endash trial de novo - Criminal Procedure Code ss310(2)(d), 311(8), 314(d), 319(1) \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5593870 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 \par On their guilty plea, the 8 unrepresented }{\caps\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 ccused were sentenced in the Magistrates}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5593870 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 Court to 5 years imprisonment to a joint charge of gang rape.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5593870 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 The tendered medical report recorded the }{\caps\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 c}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 omplainant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5593870 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 s interview by a medical practitioner that she was held down and raped by 6 men who she knew. All but D3 pleaded guilty.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5593870 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 The Appellants sought a chance for traditional reconciliation and an offer that one of them could marry the complainant.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5593870 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 On appeal, t he Court found that an offer of marriage was in conflict with an awareness of having committed an act of rape, and was more consistent with an awareness of moral wrongdoing. The Court found that the prosecution had put incorrect facts to the Magistrate, w ho proceeded to record a conviction without perusing the interview notes and charge statements, which were at variance with the guilty pleas. The magistrate did not ascertain what was admitted by each accused. The appellate Court ordered a re-hearing before a different magistrate. \par \par }\pard\plain \s3\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5593870 \b\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 Held- }{\b0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 (1) When deciding whether he could safely enter a conviction to a serious charge of rape, after examining each statement and medical report, a m agistrate where appropriate could raise with each Appellant who had provided an exculpatory explanation whether each still persisted with that line of defence. A conviction can be safely entered once a m agistrate feels nothing has been disclosed to throw doubt on the correctness of the plea of guilty.}{\b0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300 \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5593870 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5593870 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 (2) Where a magistrate has not asc ertained with certainty on a plea of guilty what is admitted by an accused, such omission amounts to a lack of vigilance sufficient to render the proceedings a nullity.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5593870 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 The proceedings suffered a miscarriage of justice when the incorrect facts were put to the Magistrate who did not peruse the interview statements. \par }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5593870 \par }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 DPP v Jolame Pita}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 20 FLR 5 appl. \par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 Obiter dicta }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 \endash }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 (1) remarks on how deputy registrar of the High Court should supply a copy of the court record to the Respondent or his solicitor. \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5593870 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 (2) The safe and sound practice of handing to the magistrate unrepresented accused}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5593870 '}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 s statements to police on a guilty plea, as done in this case, was correct and should continue. \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5593870 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 (3) Magistrates}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5593870 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 obligation of assisting unrepresented accused affirmed. \par }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5593870 \par }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 Michael Iro v R }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 (1966) 12 FLR 104 appl. \par }\pard \ql \fi374\li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5593870 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5593870 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 Convictions and sentences quashed, order a trial de nov o before a different Magistrate. Each Appellant bailed (with conditions). \par \par [Note: cons in}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 Jone Koro Sekinabou}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 v}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 State}{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 [2001] HAA 0013/01 20 April 2001; appl in }{ \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 Timoci Kurivola & Paula Kunauwa}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 v} {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 State }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 (2001) HAA052/00L 7 August 2001] \par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 \par Other cases referred to in Judgment}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300 \par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5593870\charrsid5593870 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 foll }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 State v Isaia Saukova }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 [2000] HAA0013/00L Judgment 6 July 2000 \par appl}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 R v Blandford Justices, ex parte G (an infant)}{ \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 [1966] 1 All ER 1021 \par cons}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 Kuruka Bogiwalu & Anor v State}{ \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 [1998]}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 AAU0006/96S}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 15 May 1998}{ \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 ref}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 Rex v Golathan }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 11 Cr.App.R. 79 \par {\*\bkmkstart R_v_Vent_Ananaia_v_State}ref}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 R v Vent}{ \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 (1935) 25 Cr.App.R. 55 \par {\*\bkmkend R_v_Vent_Ananaia_v_State}ref}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 R v Griffiths}{ \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 (1932) 23 Cr.App.R. 153 \par foll }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 R v Ingleson}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 [1915] 1 KB 512 \par dist }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 DPP v Ram Sami Naidu}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 [1984] AAU 34/84 31 October 1984 \par dist }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 Rupeni Vauvau & 3 Ors v State }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 [1998] HAA 00014/97L 24 April 1998 \par cons}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 Navitalai Gukisuva v R}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 Cr. App 4/78S \par appr }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 R v Durham Quarter Sessions ex parte Virgo}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 [1952] 1 All ER 466 at 469 \par cons }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 S. (An infant) v Recorder of Manchester}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 [1971] AC 481 \par cons }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 McNally}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 (1955) 38 Cr.App.R. 90 at 91 \par ref }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 Campbell, ex parte Hoy}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 [1953] 1 KB 585 \par dist}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 R v Marylebone Justices, ex parte Westminster City Council}{ \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 [1971] 1 All ER}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5593870 1025 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 at 1026.}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 foll}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 Baker}{ \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 [1911] 7 Cr.App.R 252}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 \par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \fi-374\li374\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin374\itap0\pararsid5593870 \f40\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5593870 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 Iqbal Khan for the Appellants \par Kevueli Tunidau for the Respondent \par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 \par }\trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ts19\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid5593870\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol \clvertalt \clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1908\clshdrawnil \cellx1800\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6948\clshdrawnil \cellx8748\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid5054183 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5593870\charrsid5593870 15 March, 2001\cell }\pard \ql \li1872\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1872\pararsid5593870 {\b\caps\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5593870\charrsid5593870 judgment\cell }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {\b\caps\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5593870\charrsid5593870 \trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ts19\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid5593870\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1908\clshdrawnil \cellx1800\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6948\clshdrawnil \cellx8748\row }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5593870 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 \par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 Gates, J}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300 \par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5593870\charrsid5593870 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 On 1st December 2000 the 8 Appellants were convicted before the Nadi Magistrates}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5593870 '}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 Court on their own plea of guilty to a single count of rape contrary to {\*\bkmkstart s149_PC_Ananaia_Nawaqa_v_State}sections 149 {\*\bkmkend s149_PC_Ananaia_Nawaqa_v_State}and {\*\bkmkstart s150_PC_Ananaia_Nawaqa_v_State}150{\*\bkmkend s150_PC_Ananaia_Nawaqa_v_State} of the Penal Code. They were jointly charged. They were each sentenced to a term of 5 years imprisonment. \par }\pard \ql \fi720\li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5593870 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5593870 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 At the time when the Appellant s had pleaded guilty, they were not represented. A petition of appeal was prepared with the assistance of counsel and filed on 7th December 2000. At that time, no record of proceedings in the lower court had been prepared for counsel to scrutinize. Initially the Appellants approached the High Court for bail, which was refused. When the appeal came on for hearing Mr. Khan for the Appellants informed me that he had only received a copy of the record the day before. Mr. Tunidau for the Respondent said he received his immediately before entering court. This should not have happened. The duties of the Chief Registrar of the High Court with regard to petitions of appeal, such duties being carried out at the Lautoka High Court on his behalf by the Deputy Registrar, are set out at {\*\bkmkstart s314_CPC_Ananaia_Nawaqa_v_State}section 314 {\*\bkmkend s314_CPC_Ananaia_Nawaqa_v_State} of the Criminal Procedure Code which states:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5593870 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5593870\charrsid5593870 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5593870 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 314. If the High Court does not dismiss the appeal summarily the Chief Registrar shall }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5593870 \endash }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5593870\charrsid5593870 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 (a)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5593870 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 enter the appeal for hearing; \par (b)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5593870 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 serve a notice of hearing on the parties; \par (c)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5593870 }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 supply the Respondent with a copy of the petition and a copy of the judgment or order appealed against;}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 \par (d)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5593870 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 except when the appeal is against sentence only, }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 supply the Respondent with a copy of the proceedings;}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 \par }\pard\plain \s18\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5593870 \fs16\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 (e)}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5593870 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 where additional grounds of appeal are filed by the Appellant under the provisions of subsection (4) of section 311, serve notice on the Respondent of such filing and supply the Respondent with a copy of the document containing such additional grounds of appeal"}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 (emphasis added) \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi720\li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5593870 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5593870 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 Though the Deputy Registrar has a duty to supply a copy of the proceedings to the Respondent, the Appellant or his barrister and solicitor, it seems, must make application for "a copy of the judgment or order appealed against, and a copy of the record by applying to the court" (the Magistrates}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5593870 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 Court) for such copy [section {\*\bkmkstart s310_2_d_CPC_Ananaia_Nawaqa_v_State}310(2)(d) {\*\bkmkend s310_2_d_CPC_Ananaia_Nawaqa_v_State}]. Additionally "a person entitled to appeal or his barrister or solicitor or an officer in charge of a prison shall be entitled to peruse the original record of the proceedings at such time as the Chief Registrar or the Magistrates}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5593870 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 Court may allow" [{\*\bkmkstart s311_8_CPC_Ananaia_Nawaqa_v_State}Section 311(8) {\*\bkmkend s311_8_CPC_Ananaia_Nawaqa_v_State}]. \par \par Magistrates at such centres should ensure these rights are catered for swiftly, and that no bureaucratic impediment or delay is placed in the path of those wishing to appeal or to consider an appeal. For in addition to the specific rights accorded to potential Appellant s by the Criminal Procedure Code there is a need also, a need increasingly recognised by jurists, for openness and transparency to be observed and infused into our justice system. Appellant s and their barristers and solicitors are entitled, if they so ask, to a copy of the record of proceedings }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 directly from the Magistrates}{ \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5593870 '}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 Court}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 [Section 310(2)(d)]. They need not wait till the record has been sent to the High Court. The Respondent will receive his copy from the High Court [Section {\*\bkmkstart s314_d_CPC_Ananaia_Nawaqa_v_State}314(d{\*\bkmkend s314_d_CPC_Ananaia_Nawaqa_v_State})]. However, the Deputy Registrar should actively ensure that the Respondent receives his copy by him being }{ \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 supplied}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 with a copy and the Deputy Registrar and his staff should not merely wait for the Respondent to come and collect it from the Registry, as appears to be the current practice. \par }\pard \ql \fi700\li240\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin240\itap0\pararsid5593870 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5593870 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 The grounds of appeal therefore were settled without benefit of sight of the record, and by counsel who had not been present in the lower court. At the appeal hearing, arguments from the Appellants}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5593870 '}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 counsel, anticipated by affidavits filed on the bail application, raised the question of the equivocality of the pleas tendered and of flaws in the facts as presented by the prosecutor. \par }\pard \ql \li240\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin240\itap0\pararsid5593870 {\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5593870 {\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 The Facts as presented}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5593870\charrsid5593870 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 The prosecutor is recorded as providing the court with the following facts:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5593870\charrsid5593870 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5593870 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 "All the accused are from Nadroga harvesting cane at Mulomulo. Complainant 17 yrs old is also from Nadroga. On 29/11}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 /}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 00 complainant came to visit her cousin sister who was cooking for the accused. She came in the evening. They all drank grog and methylated spirit. Complainant went to sleep with her cousin. At 10.30 p.m. 1st accused went up to the complainant, got hold of her. \par \par At that time the cousin sister was missing. Complainant struggled with the 1st accused. The 2nd and 3rd}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 accused came and forced her to the ground, clothes skirt and underpant were removed. 1st Accused forcefully had sex while other was holding the complainant. The 2" accused followed and had sex. Then the othe r 6 accused followed and forcefully had sex. After the 8th accused had sex the complainant ran out of the house half naked and yelled out. Cousin sister came and brought her clothes. Complainant wore her clothes and went straight to Mulomulo Police Station and reported what happened to her. Around 2a.m. police raided the house and arrested the accused took him to Nadi Police Station. Complainant was medically examined - Medical Report tendered. \par \par All the accused were interviewed in the Fijian Language. They all admitted the offence except the 3rd accused but admitted in the charge statement. They were charged. Medical Report -Ex/1. \par Interview Statement Ex/2 - A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H. \par Charge Statement Ex/3 \endash A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H. \par All 8 accused admit the fact. \par All accused convicted as charged." \par }\pard\plain \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5593870 \fs16\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 \par Flaws in the Facts}{\b\i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5593870\charrsid5593870 \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5593870 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 Since the Appellant s were unrepresented, the prosecutor correctly tendered all of the caution interview statements and charge statements. In }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 {\*\bkmkstart State_v_Isaia_Saukuru_Ananaia_v_State} {\*\bkmkstart State_v_I_Saukuru_Ananaia_Nawaqa_v_State}The State v Isaia Saukuru}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 {\*\bkmkend State_v_Isaia_Saukuru_Ananaia_v_State}{\*\bkmkend State_v_I_Saukuru_Ananaia_Nawaqa_v_State}(unreported) Lautoka High Court HAA013 of 2000L 6 July 2000 I had referred to this practice, a practice formerly recommended by the Director of Public Prosecutions Office, and said at p.4 of the judgment:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5593870\charrsid5593870 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5593870 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5593870 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 I t is strongly recommended in the interests of fairness, accuracy, and justice, that the practice of handing out to the Magistrate the unrepresented Accused}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5593870 '}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 s statements to Police on a guilty plea, be resumed." \par }\pard \ql \fi600\li40\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin40\itap0\pararsid5593870 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5593870 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 I shall refer to this practice and its relevance to the court later. \par \par In dispensing summary justice, a magistrate will find the handling of a rape case with as many as 8 accused, far from straightforward. Ra pe is one of the most serious cases for a Magistrate, indeed for any court, to handle. Such a case should be heard with special care and should not be rushed. In this case, with 16 statements exhibited by the prosecution, it would have been wiser for the court to retire in order to read all of them carefully before deciding whether the court was satisfied of the individual pleas such that the court could safely enter a conviction: }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 {\*\bkmkstart R_v_Blandford_Justices_A_Nawaqa_v_State}R v Blandford {\*\bkmkend R_v_Blandford_Justices_A_Nawaqa_v_State}Justices, }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5593870 ex parte}{ \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 G (an infant)}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 [1966] 1 All ER 1021 at p 1026F. Had he done so, the learned magistrate would have discovered that the statement made by the prosecutor in the facts, namely,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5593870\charrsid5593870 \par }\pard\plain \s18\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5593870 \fs16\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 "They all admitted the offence except the 3 rd accused but admitted in the Charge Statement."}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5593870\charrsid5593870 \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5593870 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 was wildly inaccurate. \par \par The 3rd Accused [Emosi Nacebe, Appellant 5] in the Charge Statement had said:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5593870\charrsid5593870 \par }\pard \ql \li680\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin680\itap0\pararsid5593870 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 "I did not do anything to her. I was just about to have sex with her when she stood up and went outside" \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5593870 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 \par In his caution interview he had emphatically denied having sex with her, or having raped her. He had not admitted the offence. \par }\pard \ql \fi720\li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5593870 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5593870 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 In fact only one of the Accused, Accused 1 Ananaia Nawaqa [Appellant 1] admitted to the police the allegation of rape. He had ad mitted the complainant did not agree to have sex with him, that he had pulled her from the bed to the floor, that he had raped her, had held her tightly, and that she had tried to get away from him. None of the others admitted in interview to that essential legal element of rape, namely lack of consent. Of the remaining 7 Appellants, only 3 admitted to having sex with the complainant, and all 3 stated it was }{ \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 with her consent.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 4 of the Appellants denied having sex with her at all. Even on Appellant 1}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5593870 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 s account he stated he had acted alone and did not mention that any other Appellant had assisted him by holding the complainant down. \par }\pard \ql \fi700\li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5593870 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5593870 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 The Medical Report was also exhibited by the prosecutor. Had that been read carefully it would have proved unsettling to the court also. The doctor has recorded the complainant as stating (at para. 12 History related by patient):}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5593870\charrsid5593870 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5593870 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 "The patient says she was sleeping when she was first held down and her mouth blocked and was then after that raped by 6 men, all of whom she knew." \par }\pard \ql \fi720\li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5593870 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5593870 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 On the complainant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5593870 '}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 s account to the doctor, an independent witness, she has numbered from amongst the canecutters whom she knew, and from amongst whom that evening she dra nk yaqona and methylated spirits, 6 of whom she alleges raped her. What of the other 2 Appellants? And which are they? Which of the 8 then, does she say, did nor rape her? \par }\pard \ql \li400\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin400\itap0\pararsid5593870 {\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5593870 {\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 The practice of exhibiting the Interview Statements}{ \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5593870\charrsid5593870 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 In Fiji Accused persons often plead guilty without informed consideration beforehand. Sometimes they do so because t hey feel they are guilty of moral wrongdoing. When taxed with the legal elements they may deny that one of the elements was true. The position at t ime of plea in other jurisdictions such as in England or New Zealand is very different, and Accused persons c an generally be taken to be more aware of the significance of their pleas. Even in those jurisdictions, as the cases show, misunderstandings do still occur. \par }\pard \ql \fi440\li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5593870 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5593870 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 In}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 }{ \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 {\*\bkmkstart Kuruka_Bogiwalu_v_S_A_Nawaqa_v_State}Kuruka Bogiwalu and Anor. v The State}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 {\*\bkmkend Kuruka_Bogiwalu_v_S_A_Nawaqa_v_State}(unreported) Court of Appeal AAU0006 of 1996S 15 May 1998, it had been suggested to the court that, }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 as a matter of law}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 , the prosecution should have put before the Magistrate the statements of the Appellants in which the Appellant s had denied their involvement in the offences. The court rejected that submission. Such a practice could not be elevated to a matter of law. But with young or disadvantaged Accused, who are not represented, a Magistrate has to be even more vigila nt in Fiji than perhaps would be necessary elsewhere so as to ensure that justice is done. In}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 {\*\bkmkstart Michael_Iro_v_R_Ananaia_Nawaqa_v_State}Michael Iro v R }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 {\*\bkmkend Michael_Iro_v_R_Ananaia_Nawaqa_v_State}[1966] 12 FLR 104 the Court of Appeal at p 106D said: \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5593870 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5593870 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 "In ou r view there is a duty cast on the trial judge in cases where the accused person is unrepresented to exercise the greatest vigilance with the object of ensuring that before a plea of guilty is accepted the accused person should fully comprehend exactly wh at that plea of guilty involves. As was said by Lord Reading CJ in }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 {\*\bkmkstart Rex_v_Golatlian_Ananaia_Nawaqa_v_State}Rex v Golatlian}{ \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5593870 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 {\*\bkmkend Rex_v_Golatlian_Ananaia_Nawaqa_v_State}11 Cr. App. R. 79:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5593870\charrsid5593870 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5593870 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 It is a well known principle that a man is not to be taken to have admitted that he has committed an offence unless h e pleads guilty in plain, unambiguous and unmistakeable terms."}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5593870\charrsid5593870 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 To this statement of the law could properly be added that not only should the plea be unambiguous but that if should be given }{ \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 in full understanding of all that it implies:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 R v Vent (1935) 25 Cr. App. R. 55; }{ \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 {\*\bkmkstart R_v_Griffiths_Ananaia_Nawaqa_v_State}R v Griffiths}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 {\*\bkmkend R_v_Griffiths_Ananaia_Nawaqa_v_State}(1932) 23 Cr. App. R. 153" }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 (emphasis added) \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5593870 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 This passage was cited with approval in}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 }{ \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 Kuruka}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 (s upra at p 5). It is a sound and safe practice in Fiji, as was done here, for the prosecution to provide the Magistrate with copies of the Accused}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5593870 '}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 s police interview statements where the Accused is not represented. When deciding whether he could safely ente r a conviction to the very serious charge of rape, and after examining each statement and the medical report, the Magistrate where appropriate could raise with each of the Appellant s who had provided an exculpatory explanation, whether each still persisted with that line of defence. In}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 Kuruka}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 the Court of Appeal noted at p 8 that:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5593870 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5593870\charrsid5593870 \par }\pard\plain \s18\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5593870 \fs16\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 "Not only were the pleas themselves unequivocal, that they were intended to be clear admissions of guilt was confirmed by what each Appellant said in mitigation.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5593870 "}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi720\li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5593870 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5593870 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 The Magistrate}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5593870 '}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 s note of the Appellants mitigation, "Repeat what 1st Accused said}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5593870 ''}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 in regard to reconciliation and an offer of marriage in the instant case is hardly unambiguous confirmation of a plea of guilty to rape. \par \par Magistrates will exercise their good judgment in choosing which elements of an offence to be raised with an unrepresented Accused. \par }\pard \ql \li80\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin80\itap0\pararsid5593870 {\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5593870 {\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 Did the pleas indicate an appreciation of the essential elements of the offence?}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 \par Unsurprisingly the mitigation put forward by the 8 unrepresented Appellants to the Magistrate was an occasion of inarticulation. Appellant 1 was aged 27: all the others either 17, 18 or 19. They had studied up to Form II, except one to Class 6, and one to Class 7. They all said they were farmers. None of the Appellants had been in trouble with the police before. Appellant 1 was married, all the others single. In mitigation Appellant 1 said:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5593870 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5593870\charrsid5593870 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 "Chance be given to reconcile in the traditional manner. We have discussed one of us can marry the complainant." \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5593870 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 \par Appellants 2-8 are recorded as saying "Repeat what 1st Accused said." This shorthand does not really assist either way on the issue of unmistakeable plea. An offer of marriage seems in conflict with an awareness of having committed an act of rape and might be more consistent with an awareness of moral wrongdoing. \par }\pard \ql \fi720\li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5593870 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5593870 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 In }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 Michael Iro}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 (supra at p 106F), the learned trial judge had entered the plea of not guilty, and the Court of Appeal observed:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5593870 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5593870\charrsid5593870 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 ...it is we think clear that he must have taken that action in what he consid ered to be the interests of the accused. The depositions indicated that the accused, while admitting the facts of the entry and of the attempted rape, had put forward two excuses for his conduct." \par \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5593870 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 And at p 106H the Court said his lordship had:}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5593870 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5593870\charrsid5593870 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 "caused a p lea of not guilty to be entered in fairness to the accused, so that every opportunity should be given to the accused to put forward the defences, if such were available, arising from the excuses for his conduct that he had already made." \par }\pard \ql \fi560\li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5593870 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5593870 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 The obligations on the court as set out in Halsbury, cited in}{ \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 Michael}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 }{ \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 Iro}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 , [10 Halsbury 3rd Ed. p.408. para. 742] are salutary:}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5593870\charrsid5593870 \par }\pard\plain \s18\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5593870 \fs16\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5593870 ''}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 Plea of guilty. A prisoner is not to be taken to admit an offence unless he pleads guilty to it in unmistakeable terms with appreciation of the essential elements of the offence...}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5593870\charrsid5593870 \par }\pard \s18\ql \fi40\li680\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin680\itap0\pararsid5593870 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 In the case of an undefended prisoner care must be taken that he fully understands the elements of the crime to which he is pleading guilty, }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 especially if a good defence is disclosed in the depositions.}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5593870 "}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 (emphasis added) \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5593870 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 \par It is clearly not necessary for the Magistrate to traverse all the elements of an offence with an unrepresented Accused. But some elements have special significance, for instance, knowledge that the goods were stolen in a receiving case }{ \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 {\*\bkmkstart R_v_Ingleson_Ananaia_Nawaqa_v_State}R}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 v }{ \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 Ingleson}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 {\*\bkmkend R_v_Ingleson_Ananaia_Nawaqa_v_State}[1915] 1 KB 512}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 and lack of consent of the complainant in a rape case, compare }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 {\*\bkmkstart DPP_v_Ram_Naidu_Ananaia_Nawaqa_v_State}The DPP}{ \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 v }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 Ram Sami Naidu}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 {\*\bkmkend DPP_v_Ram_Naidu_Ananaia_Nawaqa_v_State}(unreported) Fiji Court of Appeal Cr. App. No. 34 of 1984 31 October 1984 where there was no special element, and }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 {\*\bkmkstart Rupeni_Vauvau_v_S_Ananaia_Nawaqa_v_State}Rupeni Vauvau & 3 Others v The State}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 {\*\bkmkend Rupeni_Vauvau_v_S_Ananaia_Nawaqa_v_State}(unreported) Lautoka High Court Cr. App. No. HAA0014 of 1997L 24.4.1998, where the Appellant s had all conceded the lack of consent in their police interviews [in both cases, ultimately, leave to withdraw the guilty pleas was rejected]. In ensuring they arrive at a just result, Magistrate s on occasions will need to act cautiously, and good sense will inform them when to probe the basis of a guilty plea see }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 Vent}{ \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 (supra) generally, and "whether it is safe to accept the plea and to enter a conviction}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5593870 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 per Widgery J. (as he then was) in }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 R v Blandford Justices}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 (supra at p 1026B). Widgery J. went on to explain at p 1026C:}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5593870\charrsid5593870 \par }\pard \ql \li680\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin680\itap0\pararsid5593870 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5593870 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 In cases, however, where the accused is not represented or where the accused is of tender age or for any other reasons there must necessarily be doubts as to his ability fin ally to decide whether he is guilty or not, the magistrate ought, in my judgment, to accept the plea as it were provisionally and not at that stage enter a conviction. He ought, in my judgment, in these cases to defer a final acceptance of the plea until h e has had a chance to learn a little bit more about it, and to see whether there is some undisclosed factor which may render the unequivocal plea of guilty a misleading one." \par }\pard \ql \fi680\li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5593870 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5593870 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 A conviction can safely be entered once the Magistrate feels "that nothing has been disclosed to throw doubts on the correctness of the plea of guilty..." (p 1026E). The provisionality of the acceptance of the plea was favoured by Mishra J. in }{ \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 {\*\bkmkstart Navi_Gukisuva_v_R_Ananaia_Nawaqa_v_State}Navitalai Gukisuva v R}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 {\*\bkmkend Navi_Gukisuva_v_R_Ananaia_Nawaqa_v_State}.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 Suva Cr. App. 4/78: cited in}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 }{ \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 Ram Sami Naidu}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 (supra at p 4). \par }\pard \ql \fi700\li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5593870 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5593870 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 In these circumstances it is right for the High Court in its appellate jurisdiction to intervene. Lord Goddard CJ in }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 {\*\bkmkstart R_v_Durham_Qrtr_Ananaia_Nawaqa_v_State}R}{ \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 v }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 Durham Quarter Sessions ex parte Virgo}{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 {\*\bkmkend R_v_Durham_Qrtr_Ananaia_Nawaqa_v_State}[1952] 1 All ER 466 at p 469 H said:}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5593870\charrsid5593870 \par }\pard\plain \s18\ql \li700\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin700\itap0\pararsid5593870 \fs16\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5593870 "}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 Quarter sessions came to the conclusion that the plea of Guilty was wrongly recorded, not because the Defendant did not understand or did not intend to plead otherwise than lie did, }{ \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 but because, taking the whole of his plea together, they were satisfied that in law it amounted to a plea of Not Guilty.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 I think they were right in entertaining the appeal to that extent, and that, as the Defendant had never been tried on a plea of Not Guilty, they were entitled to treat the conviction as a nullity, as the court did in}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 R v Ingleson}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 (3)."}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 (emphasis added) \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5593870 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 \par This was a decision approved by the House of Lords in }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 {\*\bkmkstart S_v_Recorder_Ananaia_Nawaqa_v_State}S. (An infant) v Recorder {\*\bkmkend S_v_Recorder_Ananaia_Nawaqa_v_State} of Manchester }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 [1971] AC 481}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 In }{ \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 {\*\bkmkstart R_v_Tottenham_Ananaia_Nawaqa_v_State}R. v Tottenham Justices}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 {\*\bkmkend R_v_Tottenham_Ananaia_Nawaqa_v_State} }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 [1970] 1 All ER 879 at p 885d, Lord Parker CJ said:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5593870\charrsid5593870 \par }\pard\plain \s18\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5593870 \fs16\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5593870 "}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 The other position is the one which really arises in this case, where the question is not whether a change of plea otherwise unequivocal should be allowed, but whether the plea itse lf was an unequivocal plea. In such a case it seems to me that the matter can be investigated and a change of plea allowed at any stage in the proceedings before the appeal has finally been disposed of.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5593870 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi720\li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5593870 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5593870 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 In }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 {\*\bkmkstart McNally_Ananaia_Nawaqa_v_State}{\*\bkmkstart McNally_1955_38_Cr_App_Ambika_v_Santa}McNally}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 {\*\bkmkend McNally_Ananaia_Nawaqa_v_State}(1955) 38 Cr. App. R 90 at 91 {\*\bkmkend McNally_1955_38_Cr_App_Ambika_v_Santa}, the learned editor of Archbold citing }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 {\*\bkmkstart Campbell_Exp_Hoy_Ananaia_Nawaqa_v_State}Campbell, ex parte Hoy}{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 {\*\bkmkend Campbell_Exp_Hoy_Ananaia_Nawaqa_v_State}[1953] 1 KB 585 put to the Court of Appeal the judge}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5593870 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 s role in these circumstances in the following words:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5593870\charrsid5593870 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5593870 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 "If it became manifest to the judge that a plea of Guilty had been entered under a misapprehension - as, for e xample, when it becomes apparent that the prisoner did not intend to admit all the ingredients of the offence, - it would be the duty of the judge to allow the plea to be withdrawn." \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5593870 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 Lord Goddard CJ at p 94 said:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5593870\charrsid5593870 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5593870 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5593870 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 If he came to the conclusion that there was a question or mistake or misunderstanding }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 or that it would be desirable on any ground that the prisoner should be allowed to join issue, no doubt he would allow him to do it.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5593870 "}{ \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 (emphasis added) \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5593870 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 \par It seems the proceedings in the Magistrates}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5593870 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 Court have mis carried. This is because of the incorrect facts put to the magistrate, which may have deterred him from perusing the interview statements exhibited of the young unrepresented Appellant s, who were of good character. Had he examined those statements together with the Medical Report, he would}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 have raised with the Appellants the defences preferred in those statements to see if the Appellants were still maintaining those defences, before he accepted their pleas of guilty. Grant (then) Ag. CJ}{ \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 in}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 {\*\bkmkstart DPP_v_Jolame_Pita_Ananaia_Nawaqa_v_State}DPP v Jolame Pita }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 {\*\bkmkend DPP_v_Jolame_Pita_Ananaia_Nawaqa_v_State}[1974] 20 FLR 5 at p6E}{ \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 put it:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5593870\charrsid5593870 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5593870 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 "On a plea of guilty to any offence, }{ \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 the question of what}{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 is}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 admitted by an accused should be ascertained with certainty}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 as if facts are put bef ore a court or explanations given which derogate from the plea of guilty or which appear to render equivocal what would otherwise have been an unequivocal plea, then the plea must be changed to one of not guilty) and the case set down for hearing.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5593870 "}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5593870 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 (emphasis added)}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 \par }\pard \ql \fi720\li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5593870 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5593870 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 This ascertainment was not done, and such omission amounted to a lack of vigilance sufficient to render the proceedings a nullity cf: }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 {\*\bkmkstart R_v_Marylebone_Ananaia_Nawaqa_v_State}R v Marylebone Justices, }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5593870 ex parte}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 {\*\bkmkend R_v_Marylebone_Ananaia_Nawaqa_v_State}Westminster City Council}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 [1971] 1 All ER 1025 at p 1026j. Accordingly the convictions and sentences are quashed. It is necessary to order a trial de novo before a different Magistrate pursuant to {\*\bkmkstart s319_1_CPC_Ananaia_Nawaqa_v_State}Section 319(1) {\*\bkmkend s319_1_CPC_Ananaia_Nawaqa_v_State}of the Criminal Procedure Code, following }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 {\*\bkmkstart Baker_Ananaia_Nawaqa_v_State}{\*\bkmkstart Baker_1911_7_Cr_App_Ambika_v_Santa} Baker}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 {\*\bkmkend Baker_Ananaia_Nawaqa_v_State} }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 [1911] 7 Cr. App. R. 252}{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 \par }\pard \ql \fi40\li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5593870 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 {\*\bkmkend Baker_1911_7_Cr_App_Ambika_v_Santa} \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5593870 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 If he had appealed alone I would not have allowed Appellant 1 this l atitude. However this is a single joint charge and one for which the facts put up to the Magistrate were significantly wrong, and also the Appellant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5593870 '}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 s affidavit raise issues of voluntariness. Overall I consider it best for Appellant 1 to be re-tried along with the other Appellants. \par }\pard \ql \fi700\li40\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin40\itap0\pararsid5593870 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 \par }\pard \ql \li40\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin40\itap0\pararsid5593870 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 The Appellants are to appear at Nadi Magistrates}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5593870 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 Court at 9.15am on 30 March 2001. They are each bailed as follows:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5593870\charrsid5593870 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 1.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5593870 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 \tab In their own recognizance of S250 each \par 2.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5593870 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 \tab With one surety each of $500 \par 3.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5593870 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 \tab Upon condition that they each attend court when required and keep the peace and be of good behaviour \par 4.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5593870 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 \tab They are not to meet or contact the complainant, or any prosecution witness directly or indirectly: and no pressure is to be brought on the complainant or her relatives in any way. \par }\pard \ql \fi720\li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5593870 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5593870 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 In the result, it is ordered:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5593870\charrsid5593870 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 1.\tab Conviction and Sentences quashed \par 2.\tab Trial de novo before a different Magistrate \par 3.\tab Bail for each Appellant (with conditions as above). \par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 \par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 Appeal succeeds. \par \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496300\charrsid5593870 Marie Chan}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1972231\charrsid5593870 \par }}