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\ts19\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid11036769\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3168\clshdrawnil \cellx3060\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth5688\clshdrawnil \cellx8748\row }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11036769 \fs24\lang3081\langfe3081\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp3081 {\b\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 \par }{\i\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 Setting aside \endash judgment by default \endash administrator of estate \endash whether Defendant had fully administered the estate and effects of the deceased, leaving no further assets, or whether the Defendant had wasted assets of the deceased \endash whether Statement of Defence an arguable defence -}{\i\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid11036769 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 defect in sealing judgment against administrator discussed - ignorance of the law no defence \endash presumption of devastavit not rebutted here \endash Succession Probate and Adm inistration Act ss11, 20 & 21 \par }{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 \par The Defendant was sued as administrator of the estate of his late brother, which late brother owed the Plaintiff bank a loan secured under bill of sale.}{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid11036769 }{ \lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 A repossession notice was served on the Defendant. He did not deny rec eiving it. Failing action from the Defendant, the Plaintiff issued a Writ of Summons against the Defendant as administrator of the deceased}{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid11036769 '}{ \lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 s estate for the outstanding debt. The Defendant had transferred the residential property to his name within 2 month s of being granted letters of administration. Records obtained from the Road Transport Department showed two of the four deceased}{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid11036769 '}{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 s taxis were transferred to him. The Defendant failed to explain how he had administered the estate, but alleged there were no other assets of the estate. The Defendant alleged he did not know he had to enter acknowledgement of service or intention to defend to continue to defend, and that he suffered impecuniosity. He sought by summons to set aside the judgment, stay execution of a writ of fifa and for leave to file a defence.}{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid11036769 }{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 The Court remarked that the Defendant had been extremely tardy in the application.}{ \lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid11036769 }{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 The Court rejected an argument of ignorance of the law given the clear warning on the Writ. Although the Judgment by default as sealed was not in the ordinary or accepted form for a judgment against an executor or administrator and could be considered irregularly entered, the Defendant did not take issue. \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 \par Held \endash }{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 where a Defendant did not deny receiving a repossession notice, and where documentary exhibits and the Defendant}{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid11036769 '}{ \lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 s own affidavit raised a rebuttable presumption in law that the Defendant had wasted the deceased}{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid11036769 '}{ \lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 s assets by transferring to himself, a proposed Statement of Defence denying any knowledge of the status or operation of the deceased}{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid11036769 '}{ \lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 s loan account with the Plaintiff bank, or being served with any demand or repossession notices relative to such account raises no an arguable defence to the Plaintiff}{ \lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid11036769 '}{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 s claim. \par \par Application to set aside dismissed with costs. \par \par [Note: On 25 October, 2001, the action was discontinued.] \par \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 Cases referred to in Judgment \par }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 Batchelar v Evans}{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 (1939) 3 All ER 606 \par }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 FNPF v Shiri Datt}{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 }{\i\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 (}{ \lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 1988) 34 FLR 67 \par }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 Leonard v Simpson}{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 (1835) 42 RR 576 \par }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 Marsden v Regan}{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 (1954) 1 WLR 423 at 429 \par }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 Rock v Leighton}{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 (1700) 1 Salk 310}{\b\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11036769 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 \par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 Devanesh Sharma }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 for the Plaintiff \par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 Robinson Prasad }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 for the Defendant \par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11036769 \fs24\lang3081\langfe3081\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp3081 {\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 \par }\trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ts19\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid11036769\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol \clvertalt \clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1728\clshdrawnil 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\ts19\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid11036769\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol \clvertalt \clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1728\clshdrawnil \cellx1620\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth7128\clshdrawnil \cellx8748\row }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11036769 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 \par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 Fatiaki, J}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3999275 \par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2240315\charrsid11036769 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 This is an application to set aside a default judgment entered against the Defendant administrator on 25th June 1999. \par \~ \par The brief background to the case is that Neori Toni (the deceased) prior to his death on 27th February 1998 had operated a taxi business with a number of taxis which he had purchased from loan monies advanced by the Plaintiff bank and secured by Bills of Sale. \par \~ \par The details of the loan account are unclear but, for present purposes, suffice it to say that at the date of the deceased}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid11036769 '}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 s death a substantial sum in excess of $61,000 remained owing on the account and a demand notice and seizure or repossession notice dated 28th July 1998 (i.e. some 5 months after the date of death) were issued by the Plaintiff bank in exercise of its rights under the Bills of Sale. Both notices appear on their face to have been personally acknowledged by the Defendant who has not expressly denied receiving them in his affidavit in reply. \par \~ \par Be that as it may a fortnight before the notices were issued, the Defendant (who is a brother of the deceased) obtained the grant of Letters of Administration }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid11036769 '}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 well and faithfully to administer}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid11036769 '}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 the estate of the deceased. In this regard {\*\bkmkstart s11_Succession_Probat_FDB_v_Isireli_Cama}Section 11 {\*\bkmkend s11_Succession_Probat_FDB_v_Isireli_Cama} of the Succession Probate and Administration Act (Cap.60) prov}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid8073958 ides (so far as relevant) that:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid8073958\charrsid11036769 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11036769 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid11036769 '}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 The real as well as the p ersonal estate of every deceased person shall be assets in the hands of the ... administrator, for the payment of all duties and fees and of the debts of the deceased in the ordinary course of administration.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid11036769 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11036769 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 \~ \par Subsequently by letter dated 25th January 1999 (i.e. almost a year after the date of death) the Plaintiff bank wrote to the Defendant requesting payment of the monthly installment on the deceased}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid11036769 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 s loan account or }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid11036769 '}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 a firm arrangement on how you intend to service the debt}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid11036769 '}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 . Nothing appears to have eventuated and on 31st March 1999 a similar letter was sent by the Plaintiff bank}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid11036769 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 s solicitors requesting }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid11036769 '}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 immediate arrangements for the payment of the (the deceased) debt failing which, we are to proceed with legal action against you for the recovery of the same}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid11036769 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 . The Defendant however denies ever receiving both letters which were addressed to his place of employment, or being aware of their existence, yet, they both imply that the Defendant was aware that the deceased}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid11036769 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 s account with the bank remained operational in spite of his death. \par \~ \par Finally on 25th May 1999 a Writ of Summons was issued against the Defendant as administrator of the deceased}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid11036769 '}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 s estate, claiming the sum of $65,931.76 being the outstanding debt then owing on the deceased}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid11036769 '}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 s loan account. The Writ was personally served on the Defendant on 8th June 1999 and on 25th June}{ \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 in default of any acknowledgement, judgment was entered against the Defendant. \par \~ \par I digress to point out that the default judgment as sealed was not in the ordinary or accepted form for a judgment against an executor or administrator and might on that score be considered irregular albeit that no issue has been raised in that regard. [see the form of judgment in }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 {\*\bkmkstart Batchelar_v_Evans_FDB_v_Isireli_Cama}Batchelar v Evans}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 {\*\bkmkend Batchelar_v_Evans_FDB_v_Isireli_Cama}(1939) 3 All ER 606 at 607]. \par \~ \par On 14th October 1999 a Writ of Fifa was issued in execution of the default judgment and on 12th November 1999 (i.e. 6 months after judgment had been sealed) the Defendant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid11036769 '}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 s solicitors issued the present Summons seeking a stay of execution, the setting aside of the default judgment, and leave to file a Statement of Defence. There can be no doubt that the Defendant has been exceedingly tardy in this application which appea rs to have been prompted by the Fifa. \par \~ \par There are before the Court three (3) affidavits for consideration: }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3022610 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3022610\charrsid11036769 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 (1)\tab The Defendant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid11036769 '}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 s primary affidavit in support of the Summons dated 10th November 1999.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3022610\charrsid11036769 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 (2)\tab The affidavit of the Plaintiff\~bank}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid11036769 '}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 s Manager Legal dated 15th F}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3022610 ebruary 2000 in opposition; and}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3022610\charrsid11036769 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 (3)\tab The Defendant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid11036769 '}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 s affidavit in reply dated 13th March 2000; \par \~ \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11036769 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 The principles that guide a court in the exercise of its unfettered discretion on an application such as the present is clearly set out in the following passages in }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 {\*\bkmkstart FNPF_v_Shiri_Datt_FDB_v_Isireli_Cama}FNPF v Shiri Datt}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 {\*\bkmkend FNPF_v_Shiri_Datt_FDB_v_Isireli_Cama}(}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 1988}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid150151 ) 34 F.L.R. 67, 69 which reads:}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid150151\charrsid11036769 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11036769 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid11036769 '}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 The discretion is prescribed in wide terms limited only by the justice of the case and although various }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid11036769 ' }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 rules}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid11036769 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 or }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid11036769 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 tests}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid11036769 '}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 have been formulated as prudent considerations in the determination of the justice of the case, none have been or can be elevated to the status of a rule of law or condition precedent to the exercise of the courts unfettered discretion. \par \par These judicially recognised }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid11036769 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 tests}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid11036769 ' }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 may be conveniently listed as follows: \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid150151 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid150151 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 (a)\tab Whether the Defendant has a substantial ground of defence to the action; \par (b) \tab Whether the Defendant has a satisfactory explanation for his failure to enter an appearance to the Writ; and \par (c) \tab Whether the Plaintiff will suffer irreparable harm if the judgment is set aside. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11036769 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 \par }\pard \ql \fi11\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11036769 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 In this latter regard in my view it is proper for the court to consider any delay on the Defendant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid11036769 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 s part in seeking to set aside the default judgment and how far the Plaintiff has gone in the execution of its summary judgment and whether or not the same has been stayed.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid11036769 '}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid150151 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 \par As to (a) above the Defendant deposed in his primary affidavit at para 6: \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid11036769 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 I did not enter an acknowledgement of service and my intention to contest the claim herein because I did not know that I had to do this in order to defend the claim. Further I was in financial difficulty (and) I verily believed that I would be served with another Summons wherein I would b e notified of the date when to attend Court.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid11036769 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11036769 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 \par In short, the Defendant pleads ignorance and impecuniosity, but given the very clear wording and warnings on the face of the Writ of Summons, ignorance of the law is no excuse. Furthermore given the Defendant}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid11036769 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 s professional occupation, taxi business, and the fact that he had previously consulted solicitors in order to obtain the Letters of Administration to which he would have been required to enter into a bond }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid11036769 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 penalty equal to the gross amount under which the property of the deceased is sworn}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid11036769 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 (See {\*\bkmkstart s20_Succession_Probat_FDB_v_Isireli_Cama}Sections 20 {\*\bkmkend s20_Succession_Probat_FDB_v_Isireli_Cama}and {\*\bkmkstart s21_Succession_Probat_FDB_v_Isireli_Cama}21{\*\bkmkend s21_Succession_Probat_FDB_v_Isireli_Cama} of the Probate Succession and Admini stration Act), his claims to ignorance and impecuniosity are, in my considered view, extremely doubtful. \par \par As for the value and assets of the deceased}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid11036769 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 s estate the Defendant deposed in para 14 of his primary affidavit:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid150151\charrsid11036769 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11036769 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid11036769 '}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 That at the time the Letters of Adm inistration were granted in this matter, the gross value of the estate of the deceased amounted to $100,000 and the said estate included the deceased}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid11036769 '}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 s residential property comprised in Native Lease No. 21648 situated at Lot 35 Naveiwakau Subdivision, Valelevu Nasinu and 4 taxis ...}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid11036769 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11036769 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 Additionally, in the Oath of Administrator filed in support of the grant of administration, the Defendant deposed }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid11036769 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 that the net value of the deceased}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid11036769 '} {\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 s estate at the date of his death amounts to $65,000.00}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid11036769 '}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 . \par \par As for (b) above, the Defendant deposes to having }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid11036769 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 a valid defence}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid11036769 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 which }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid11036769 '}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 raises triable issues and issues of law which requires a determination by the Court}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid11036769 '}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 . There is also annexed to the affidavit a Proposed Statement of Defence in which the Defendant denies any knowledge of the status or operation of the deceased}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid11036769 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 s loan account with the Plaintiff bank or being served with any demand or repossession notices relative to such account and para }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid150151 11 avers:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid150151\charrsid11036769 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11036769 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid11036769 '}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 The Defendant has fully administered all the Estate and effects of the said Neori Toni, deceased, which had ever come into his hands to be administered, and this Defendant had not at the commencement of this action nor has he since had nor has he now any such estate or effects.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid11036769 '}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 \par }\pard \ql \li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid11036769 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 \~ \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11036769 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 This is further confirmed in para 16 of the Defendant}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid11036769 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 s primary affidavit where he deposed:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid150151\charrsid11036769 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11036769 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid11036769 '}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 To the best of my knowledge and belief I have fully administered all the Estate and effects of the deceased, which had ever come into my hands to be a dministered, and the estate does not have any assets left to be administered.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid11036769 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11036769 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 The primary affidavit however does not provide any details (which would presumably be within the personal knowledge of the Defendant as administrator) of how? or when? }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid11036769 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 the deceased}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid11036769 '}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 s residential property ... and 4 taxis}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid11036769 '}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 were disposed of or distributed but, it is clear from the annexed title document that, the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid11036769 '}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 deceased}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid11036769 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 s residential property}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid11036769 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 was eventually transferred to the Defendant beneficially on 13th September 1999 (i.e. 2 months after the Plaintiff bank}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid11036769 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 s Writ was served on him). \par \par Furthermore Department of Road Transport records indicates that two (2) vehicles with registration Nos: CV 749 and BJ 354 which were previously owned by the deceased were transferred to the Defendant in February and March 1999 respectively. The Defendant however, strongly disputes the ownership of these vehicles in his affidavit in reply, but still, no mention is made as to what became of the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid11036769 '}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 4 taxi}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid11036769 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 s}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid11036769 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 which the Defendant accepts formed part of the deceased}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid11036769 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 s estate which in the Defendant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid11036769 '}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 s own words has been }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid11036769 '}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 fully administered}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid11036769 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 . \par \par Based on the above, counsel for the Plaintiff bank forcefully argues that }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid11036769 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 the Defendant has benefited greatly from the estate in getting all the estate assets in his}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 (personal)}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 name}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid11036769 '} {\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 and all this, counsel stresses, occurred after the Defendant had received the Plaintiff bank}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid11036769 '}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 s demand and repossession notices. \par \par In so far as the Defendant pleads that he has fully administered the deceased}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid11036769 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 s estate }{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 (}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid11036769 '}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 plene administravit}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid11036769 '}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 )}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 the law is clearly set out in Vo.17 of Halsbury}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid11036769 '}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 s Laws of England (4th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid150151 edn) at para 1580 which reads:}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid150151\charrsid11036769 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11036769 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid11036769 '}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 A person sued as personal representative may in general plead in answer to an action brought against him in his representative capacity any defen ce which would have been open to the deceased. He may further rely upon the defences ... (2) that he has fully administered (}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 plene administravit}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 ) or fully administered with the exception of certain assets (}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 plene administravit praeter}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 ) ; (3) the existence of debts of a higher nature and no assets ultra; (4) the right to set off a debt; and (5) the expiry of the appropriate period of limitation.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid150151\charrsid11036769 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 If the defence of }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 plene administravit}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 ... is pleaded the burden of proving assets rests upon the Plaintiff, and the personal representative is only answerable to the amount of assets proved.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid11036769 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11036769 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 Of particular relevance however to the present case is para 1584 which provides:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid150151\charrsid11036769 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11036769 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid11036769 '}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 If the personal representative allows judgment to go against him by default, ... he admits the claim and that he has sufficient assets to satisfy the claim.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid11036769 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11036769 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 This latter legal principle is of ancient pedigree as was said by Tindal Ch.J. in }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 {\*\bkmkstart Leonard_v_Simpson_FDB_v_Isireli_Cama}Leonard v Simpson}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 {\*\bkmkend Leonard_v_Simpson_FDB_v_Isireli_Cama}(1835) 42 RR 576}{ \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 , }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 speaking of the effect of a default judgment being entered against an executor, at p.579: }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid150151\charrsid11036769 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11036769 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid11036769 '}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 The judgment by default ... is conclusive upon the Defendant, that he has assets to satisfy the judgment. This is so thoroughly settled in the case of }{ \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 {\*\bkmkstart Rock_v_Leighton_FDB_v_Isireli_Cama}Rock v Leighton}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 {\*\bkmkend Rock_v_Leighton_FDB_v_Isireli_Cama}(1700) 1 Salk 310 and in other cases which had preceded it, that it was admitted to be the law by the Defendant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid11036769 '}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 s counsel.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid150151\charrsid11036769 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 \~The fact therefore is conclusively established against the Defendant, that he has assets of the testator in his hands: and the only question which remains is, what evidence is necessary to show that he has wasted those assets (}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid11036769 '}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 devistavit}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid11036769 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 ).}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid150151\charrsid11036769 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 In reason and good se nse, very little evidence ought to be necessary for that purpose. It is his duty when called upon by notice, or by a writ of execution, either to satisfy the debt of the testator, or to shew the assets to the sheriff that he may make the debt out of them; and accordingly, very slender evidence has at all times been held to be sufficient to prove the devastavit.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid11036769 '}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11036769 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 In the present case given the documentary annexures and the averments in the proposed Statement of Defence reinforced by the Defendant}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid11036769 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 s sworn deposition that no assets of the deceased}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid11036769 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 s estate remains, there arises a rebuttable presumption in law that he has committed }{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid11036769 '}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 devastavit}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid11036769 '}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 (}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 per}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 Evershed M.R. in }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 {\*\bkmkstart Marsden_v_Regan_FDB_v_Isireli_Cama}Marsden v Regan}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 {\*\bkmkend Marsden_v_Regan_FDB_v_Isireli_Cama}(1954) 1 WLR 423 at 429). \par \par In this latter regard Halsburys }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 (op.cit)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 at para. 1591 states:}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid150151\charrsid11036769 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11036769 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid11036769 '}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 On an admission of assets an immediate personal judgment may be made against the representative, whether the claim is by a creditor ... and even though the creditor s ues on behalf of himself and all other creditors, for insofar as the representative has no assets to meet the claim a rebuttable presumption that he has committed a devistavit arises.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid11036769 '}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11036769 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 For the foregoing reasons I am not satisfied that the Defendant has an arguable defence to the Plaintiff}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid11036769 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 s claim and the application is accordingly dismissed with costs which are summarily fixed at $250.00. \par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 \par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 Application to set aside judgment refused. \par \par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid150151 \fs24\lang3081\langfe3081\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp3081 {\insrsid3999275\charrsid11036769 Marie Chan}{ \lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid1972231\charrsid150151 \par }}