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{\title \'93this is a quote, has said, of me saying \'91this is a quote\'92\'94}{\author raikatalau_l}{\operator raikatalau_l}{\creatim\yr2011\mo6\dy16\hr7\min20}{\revtim\yr2011\mo6\dy16\hr7\min22}{\version4}{\edmins4}{\nofpages6}{\nofwords2254}
{\nofchars12849}{\*\company Pacific Legal Information Institue}{\nofcharsws15073}{\vern24689}}\widowctrl\ftnbj\aenddoc\noxlattoyen\expshrtn\noultrlspc\dntblnsbdb\nospaceforul\hyphcaps0\formshade\horzdoc\dgmargin\dghspace180\dgvspace180\dghorigin1800
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{\*\bkmkstart Abdul_Hakik_v_Voko_Industries}ABDUL HAKIK v VOKO INDUSTRIES LIMITED
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\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 High Court Civil Jurisdiction
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\cellx8748\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid6957093 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14835650\charrsid14835650 5 -9 February, 22 February, 17 July,}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14835650\charrsid14835650  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14835650\charrsid14835650 14 December, 2001 \cell  HBC 142/98S\cell }\pard 
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\par }\pard\plain \s1\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14835650 \b\f1\fs32\lang3081\langfe3081\kerning32\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp3081 {
\b0\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 Wrongful dismissal \endash  categories of payment in lieu of notice \endash  whether payment in
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14835650 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 
lieu amounts to breach of contract \endash  whether former employee legally entitled to pay and benefits until he found alternative employment 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 
\par The Plaintiff brought this claim for damages for wrongful dismissal from his position of Sales and Overseas Business Manager.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14835650  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 
He claimed for arrears of salary an
d allowances, motor vehicle allowance and entertainment allowance for a 3 year 3 month period, 92 days unpaid leave and 33.3 working days annual leave and wrongful seizure of motor vehicle. The contract of employment provided for termination by one month}
{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14835650 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 s notice by either party.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14835650  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 The terms of employment were never varied during the period of the Plaintiff}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14835650 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 s employment. He also refused to return a motor vehicle but the Defendant later seized it.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14835650  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 The Defendant sought to terminate the employment relationship by payment in lieu of notice.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14835650  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 The Plaintiff claimed his employment could be terminated only by one month}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14835650 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 s notice and since he received only sixteen days notice, he was essentially employed by the Defendant until he found alternative employment and as su
ch should be paid throughout the period of unemployment. The Court rejected a claim that he was not formally dismissed, in favour of a practical approach facing the company at a time of serious financial difficulties.
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \s2\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14835650 \f36\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 Held 
\endash }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650  (1) The Defendant acted in accordance with the law in tendering the Plaintiff a cheque for}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 one month}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14835650 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 
s salary in lieu of that period of notice stated in his letter of appointment.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14835650 
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 (2) It is most unlikely that any company would make a promise to an employee in consideration
 of his not taking his leave when it fell due he should receive double the normal rate of salary for it unless there was some evidence in the form of minutes of a company meeting of directors to confirm this.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14835650  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 In the face of denial by the company, normal rates will apply. }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14835650 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 
\par Claim for }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 57 days leave, compensation for 35 days leave, payment in lieu of notice and travelling expenses }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 allowed with interest at the rate of 6 percent from the date the Writ was issued to the date of judgment.
\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 Cases referred to in Judgment 
\par }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 Delaney v Staples }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 [1992] 1 AC 687
\par }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 Gothard v Mirror Group Newspapers Ltd.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650  [1988] 1 CR 729
\par }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 Yashni Kant v Central Manufacturing Company Limited}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 [2000] 1 FLR 326
\par 
\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 Tevita Fa for the Plaintiff
\par Devanesh Sharma and Davendra Prasad for the Defendant
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 
\par }\trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ts15\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid14835650\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol \clvertalt
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\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 Bryne, J}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828 
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14835650\charrsid14835650 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 The Plaintiff at all material times was an employee of the Defendant holding the position of Sales and Overseas Business Manager.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14835650 
 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 He had begun employment with the Defendant on the 1st of April 1987 as its Financial Controller and over the next five years received salary increases and on the 23rd
 of March 1991 was promoted to the position of Sales and Overseas Business Manager.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14835650  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 He was regarded by the Defendant
 as a very satisfactory employee but this did not save him from being dismissed by the company on the 31st of August 1995, due to the serious financial problems which the Defendant was then suffering.
\par 
\par In this action he claims damages for wrongful dismissal consisting of arrears of salary and allowances for the pe
riod August 1995 to November 1998 in the sum of $80,000.00, motor vehicle allowance for that period in the sum of $24,340.00 and entertainment allowance of $6,000.00 for the same period.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14835650  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 In addition he makes a claim for unpaid leave from the 1st of April 1987 to the 31st
 of March 1992, a period of sixty-five days less eight days taken and thirty-five days leave allegedly due to him for the period 1st of April 1992 to 11th of August 1995 in the sum of $3,230.77.
\par 
\par He also makes a claim for 33.3 working days annual leave from the 1st of September 1995 to the 30th of November 1998 when he obtained a position as Accountant with Rewa Dairy.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14835650  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 The amount claimed for this period is $3,000.00.
\par 
\par The Plaintiff}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14835650 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 s total claim is for the sum of $127,093.85.
\par 
\par The relevant facts which are not in dispute are that when the Plaintiff was first appointed to the Defendant in 1987 he was given a letter dated 9th March 1987 informing him, so far as relevant, that his employment which began on the 1st
 of April 1987 was subject to termination by one month}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14835650 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 s notice of either side.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14835650  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 Annual leave was to be taken at the rate of ten working days per annum.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14835650  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 These terms of employment were never varied during the period of the Plaintiff}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14835650 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 s employment by the Defendant.
\par 
\par In a letter dated 9th August 1995 to the Plaintiff the Defendant informed him that the Chairman of the Defendant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14835650 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 
s Board, Mr L Qarase had decided with Mr JM Jun, the Managing Director that the Plaintiff tender his resignation from the Company with effect from 25th August 1995.
\par 
\par In a letter dated 23rd August, 1995 to the Defendant the Plaintiff asked the Defendant to specify the reasons if any why the Defendant wished the Plaintiff to resign.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14835650  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 Until the Defendant gave evidence in this case through Mr. Jun I am satisfied that it did not give the Plaintiff any reasons for its call for him to resign.
\par 
\par On the evening of 31st August 1995 the Plaintiff received a letter delivered to him at his house by the Defendant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14835650 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 
s Accountant, a Mr Narain wherein two cheques were enclosed.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14835650  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 The first cheque was for $1,508.76 being the Plaintiff}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14835650 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 s salary for the month of August.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14835650  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 The second cheque was for $1,409.58 the amount which the Defendant calculated was the Plaintiff}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14835650 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 s travel expenses overseas on behalf of the Company.
\par 
\par The letter also gave the Plaintiff notice that he should return to the Defendant the Company motor vehicle registered number CI696 which the Plaintiff had been using.
\par 
\par The Plaintiff refused to accept the cheques on the ground that he was still employed by the Defendant.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14835650  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 
He also refused to return the motor vehicle for the same reasons but this was later seized by the Defendant. The Plaintiff disputed the Defendant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14835650 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 s right to resume possession of the vehicle and the Plaintiff makes a claim for the sum of $20.00 per day from 1st
 of September 1995 to the end of November 1998 for $24,340.00 being the estimated amount due to him at the rate of $20.00 per day for the use of this vehicle.
\par 
\par The parties called only one witness each.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14835650  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 The Plaintiff gave evidence in his own cause and Mr Jun Mook Jun, the Defendant}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14835650 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 s Managing Director, testified for the defence.
\par 
\par Not un-naturally the Plaintiff claimed that he had been treated wrongly by the Defendant in view of the fact, which the Defendant through Mr. 
Jun accepted, that he was at all times a very conscientious and hard worker, a fact established by his promotion and various salary increases he received.
\par 
\par Much evidence was given about his claim for fifty-seven days leave which he said he could not take because of pressure of work.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14835650  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 
He stated that Mr. Jun had agreed that in consideration of his not taking his leave when it fell due he should receive double the normal rate of salary for it.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14835650  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 Mr. Jun denied making any such promise and having observed both witnesses, I prefer to believe Mr. Jun on this.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14835650  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 
I consider it most unlikely that any Company would make such a promise to an employee unless there was some evidence in the form of Minutes of a Company Meeting of Directors to confirm this.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14835650  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 The Plaintiff tendered a letter dated 25/5/92 purporting to contain a note from Mr. Jun agreeing to this but I accept Mr. Jun}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14835650 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 s evidence that he did not do so.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14835650  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 
However I am satisfied that the Plaintiff is entitled to be paid at the normal rate for this leave which he was unable to take because of pressure of work and I allow this claim in the amount of $5,261.50.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14835650  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 I also accept that the Plaintiff
 is entitled to payment in lieu for thirty-five days leave not taken again because of pressure of work.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14835650  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 I allow this claim in th
e sum of $3,230.77.
\par 
\par The Plaintiff claims the sum of $3,000.00 for leave allegedly due from the 1st of September 1995 to 30th of November 1998 when he began employment with Rewa Dairy.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14835650  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 This is on the footing that the Plaintiff was still employed by the Defendant until the 31st of November 1998 but for reasons which I shall give shortly I do not accept that proposition.

\par 
\par }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 The Law}{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7868535\charrsid14835650 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 The basis of the Plaintiff}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14835650 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 
s claim is that because under his letter of appointment his employment could be terminated only by one month}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14835650 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 
s notice and since he received only sixteen days notice, he remained in the employment of the Defendant until he obtained his position with Rewa Dairy.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14835650  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 Most employment contracts contain a clause similar to that governing the Plaintiff}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14835650 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 s employment with Rewa Dairy that employment may be terminated by one month}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14835650 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 s notice by either party or one month}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14835650 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 
s salary in lieu of notice.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14835650  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 The Plaintiff says that his term of engagement made no reference to a month}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14835650 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 s salary in lieu of notice.
\par 
\par I cannot accept this submission.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14835650  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 
The law governing dismissal by payment in lieu of notice is in my judgment now made clear by the speech of Lord Browne-Wilkinson in }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 
{\*\bkmkstart Delaney_v_Staples_Abdul_Hakik_v_Voko_Ind}Delaney v Staples}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650  {\*\bkmkend Delaney_v_Staples_Abdul_Hakik_v_Voko_Ind}[1992] 1 AC 68
7 at pp 692 and 693 in which the other members of the House concurred.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14835650  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 His Lordship said this:}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7868535 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7868535\charrsid14835650 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14835650 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 The phrase }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14835650 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 payment in lieu of notice}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14835650 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650  is not a term of art.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14835650  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 It is commonly used to describe many types of payment the legal analysis of which differs.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14835650  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 Without attempting to give an exhaustive list, the following are the principal categories.
\par 
\par (1)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14835650  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 \tab 
An employer gives proper notice of termination to his employee, tells the employee that he need not work until the termination date and gives him the wages attributable to the notice period in a lump sum.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14835650  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 In this case (commonly call }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14835650 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 garden leave}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14835650 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 
) there is no breach of contract by the employer.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14835650  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 
The employment continues until the expiry of the notice: the lump sum payment is simply advance payment of wages.
\par 
\par (2) \tab The contract of employment provides expressly that the employment may be terminated either by notice or, on payment of a sum in lieu of notice, summarily.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14835650  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 In such a case if the employer summarily dismisses the employee he is not in breach of contract provided that he makes the payment in lieu.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14835650  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 
But the payment in lieu is not a payment of wages in the ordinary sense since it is not a payment for work to be done under the contract of employment.
\par 
\par (3)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14835650  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 \tab At the end
 of the employment, the employer and the employee agree that the employment is to terminate forthwith on payment of a sum in lieu of notice.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14835650  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 Again, the employer is not in breach of contract by dismissing summarily and the payment in lieu is not strictly w
ages since it is not remuneration for work done during the continuance of the employment.
\par 
\par (4)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14835650  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 \tab 
Without the agreement of the employee, the employer summarily dismisses the employee and tenders a payment in lieu of proper notice.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14835650  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 This is by far the most common type of payment in lieu and the present case falls into this category.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14835650  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 The employer is in breach of contract by dismissing the employee without proper notice.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14835650  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 However, the summary dismissal is effective to put an end to the employment relationship, whether or not it unilaterally discharges the contract of employment.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14835650  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 Since the employment relationship has ended no further services are to be rendered by the employee under the contract.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14835650  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 It follows that the payment in lieu is not a payment of wages in
 the ordinary sense since it is not a payment for work done under the contract of employment.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14835650 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14835650 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 
The nature of a payment in lieu falling within the fourth category has been analysed as a payment by the employer on account of the employee}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14835650 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 s claim for damages for breach of contract.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14835650  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 
{\*\bkmkstart Gothard_v_Mirror_Abdul_Hakik_v_Voko_Ind}In}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650  Gothard v Mirror Group {\*\bkmkend Gothard_v_Mirror_Abdul_Hakik_v_Voko_Ind}Newspapers Ltd}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650  [1988] 1 CR 729, 733, Lord Donaldson of Lymington M.R. stated the position to be as follows:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7868535\charrsid14835650 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid14835650 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14835650 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 
If a man is dismissed without notice, but with money in lieu, what he receives is, as a matter of law, payment which falls to be set against, and will usually be designed by the employer to extinguish, any claim for damages for breach of contract, i.e. wr
ongful dismissal.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14835650  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 During the period to which the money in lieu relates he is not employed by his employer.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14835650 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14835650 {\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 In his judgment in }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 {\*\bkmkstart Yashni_Kant_v_Central_Abdul_Hakik_v_Voko}Yashni Kant v
 Central Manufacturing Company Limited}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650  {\*\bkmkend Yashni_Kant_v_Central_Abdul_Hakik_v_Voko}HBC 567 of 1996S delivered on the 7th of December 2000 Scott J said at page 8:}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7868535\charrsid14835650 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14835650 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14835650 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 The Defendant}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14835650 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 s case was simply that it had given the Plaintiff 3 months}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14835650 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650  pay in lieu of notice and required him immediately to leave the company.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14835650  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 Now that, in my view, is not a summary dismissal.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14835650  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 
A summary dismissal would be a dismissal without notice and without pay.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14835650  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 
While I accept that document 5 does not specifically include a provision for payment in lieu of notice the practice of paying in lieu is well established and in my view quite unobjectionable (see e.g. }{
\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 Chitty on Contracts}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650  24th Edn para 3612).}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14835650 "}{
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 \tab 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14835650 {\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14835650  }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 He concluded his judgment by saying at page 10:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7868535\charrsid14835650 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14835650 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14835650 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 In my opinion the 
Defendant was contractually entitled to dismiss the Plaintiff on 3 months notice.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14835650  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 It paid him 3 
months salary in lieu of notice which he accepted.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14835650  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 I do not find that the Plaintiff
 has established any other legal entitlement and accordingly the action fails and is dismissed.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14835650 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14835650 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 I respectfully agree.
\par 
\par Although apparently }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 Delaney v Staples}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650  was not cited
 to the Judge nevertheless his remarks are entirely consistent with those of Lord Browne-Wilkinson.
\par 
\par The Plaintiff submits that he was never formally dismissed by the Defendant in that there was no evidence of any resolution by the Board of the Company dismissing him.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14835650  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 In this regard I consider one has to be practical.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14835650  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 
It is clear that the Defendant no longer wished to employ the Plaintiff because of the financial problems it was experiencing and I am satisfied that the Defendant acted in accordance with the law in tendering the Plaintiff a cheque for one month}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14835650 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 s salary in lieu of that period of notice stated in his letter of appointment.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14835650  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 The result is that I reject the greater part of the Plaintiff}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14835650 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 s claim but I am satisfied that he is still owed the amount of $5,261.50 (57 days leave) and $3,230.77 compensation for (35 days leave).}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14835650  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 In addition he must receive again the amount of $1,508.76, payment in lieu of notice and $1,409.58 travelling expenses.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14835650  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 
This latter amount was set off against his claim for a larger sum after deducting a debt due by Saheb Holdings Ltd which I am satisfied the Plaintiff agreed to pay.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14835650  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 His agreement was mentioned in the Defendant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14835650 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 
s letter to him of 31st August 1995 and although in evidence the Plaintiff denied any such agreement I prefer to accept the Defendant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14835650 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 s evidence on this.
\par 
\par To summarise I hold the amount due to the Plaintiff consists of:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7868535\charrsid14835650 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14835650 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 $5,261.50
\par $3,230.77
\par $1,508,76
\par $1,409.58
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14835650 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 
\par giving a total for which I give judgment of $11,410.61.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14835650  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 
This will carry interest at the rate of 6 percent from the date the Writ was issued on the 6th of March 1998 to the date of judgment 14th December 2001 a period of 3 years - $2,568.00. 
\par 
\par There will therefore be judgment for the Plaintiff against the Defendant in the sum of $13,978.61.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14835650  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 The Defendant
 must also pay the Plaintiff}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14835650 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 s costs which are to be taxed if not agreed.
\par 
\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 Judgment for Plaintiff.
\par 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185828\charrsid14835650 Mereseini Rakuita Vuniwaqa and Marie Chan}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1972231\charrsid7868535 
\par }}