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{\author raikatalau_l}{\operator raikatalau_l}{\creatim\yr2011\mo6\dy15\hr16\min55}{\revtim\yr2011\mo6\dy15\hr16\min56}{\version4}{\edmins2}{\nofpages5}{\nofwords1948}{\nofchars9801}{\*\company Pacific Legal Information Institue}{\nofcharsws11684}
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{\*\bkmkstart Lepani_Matea_v_Perm_Secretary_Education}LEPANI MATEA v PERMANENT SECRETARY FOR EDUCATION AND {\*\bkmkend Lepani_Matea_v_Perm_Secretary_Education}TECHNOLOGY & SECRETARY FOR PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION & ANOR.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10885420 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420 
\par High Court Civil Jurisdiction
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\cellx8748\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid6095991 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10885420\charrsid10885420 25 June, 16 July, 27 November, 2001\tab \cell  HBC 145/01S\cell }\pard 
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\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10885420 \fs24\lang3081\langfe3081\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp3081 {\i\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420 
Public law - decision not to appoint public servant Plaintiff to public service post \endash  whether matter properly brought by way of originating summons \endash  striking out application - abuse of process \endash  no reasonable cause of action 
\endash  High Court Rules O.18 r.18(1)(a) and (d), O.53.
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10885420 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420 
\par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10885420 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420 The Plaintiff
, who is a public servant, sought a declaration that he had the requisite qualifications for appointment as head-teacher and further sought an order to have him appointed as head-teacher.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10885420  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420 He brought the action by way of originating summons.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10885420  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420 
The Defendants seek to strike out the action on the basis that the Plaintiff has no reasonable cause of action and further that the action is an abuse of process.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10885420  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420 
\par 
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420 Held \endash }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420  the Plaintiff should have brought
 the action by way of judicial review because the matter complained of was a public law matter. 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11556240 
\par }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420 O}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10885420 '}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420 Reilly v Mackman}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420  [1983] 2 AC 237 foll.
\par 
\par Action dismissed since it discloses no reasonable cause of action and is an abuse of process.
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\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420 
\par Cases referred to in Judgment}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid9722976 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11556240 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid11556240\charrsid11556240 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10885420 {\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420 Ram Prasad v Attorney General}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420  [1999] ABU 0058/97S 27 August 1999
\par }\pard \ql \fi-374\li374\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin374\itap0\pararsid10885420 {\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420 Shakuntala D. }{
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420 Nair v Secretary for the Public Service Commission and }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420 Attorney-General }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420 [2001] HBC 359/00 Decision 28 May 2001 
\par }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420 Inland Revenue Commissioner v Hambrook}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420  [1956] 2 QB 641
\par }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420 Law v Greyhound Racing Club Ltd}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420  [1983] 1 WLR 1302 
\par }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420 Lonhro Plc v Tebbit}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420  [1992] 4 All ER 161}{
\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420 
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\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420 Iniasi V Tuberi for the Plaintiff
\par Luke Daunivalu for the Defendants 
\par }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420 
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\cellx8748\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid14896574 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11556240\charrsid11556240 27 November, 2001\cell  }{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11556240\charrsid11556240 JUDGMENT\cell }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11556240\charrsid11556240 
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\par }\pard\plain \s4\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel3\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10885420 \i\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\b\i0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420 Byrne, J}{\b\i0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976 
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\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10885420 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420 By Originating Summons issued on the 9th of April 2001 the Plaintiff
 who is a School Teacher seeks first a Declaration that he has the required qualification to be appointed the Head Teacher ED5E at Waiqanake District School and second an Order that the Plaintiff be appointed a Head Teacher ED5E
 at Waiqanake District School or any vacant ED5E school in Fiji.
\par 
\par In an affidavit in support of the Summons the Plaintiff states that he entered the Public Service in 1979 and has been teaching since in various schools in Fiji.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10885420  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420 He was transferred from Bishop Kempthorne Memorial School in early 1997 to Waiqanake District School as Acting Head Teacher on TE07.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10885420  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420 His acting appointment was subsequently extended for the years 1998 and 1999.
\par 
\par While Acting Head Teacher at Waiqanake District School he answered an advertisement in the Fiji Public Service Official Circular No. 6-99 dated the 31st of March 1999 for appointment as Head Teacher at Waiqanake District School.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10885420  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420 He states that he had the necessary qualifications for appointment as Head Teacher there.
\par 
\par On the 17th of September 1999 the Plaintiff says he was verbally informed by Mika Rokosova, Senior Education Officer, Primary (Headquarters) that his application}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10885420  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420 for the post of Head Teacher was unsuccessful because the Plaintiff was unqualified.
\par 
\par On the 12th of June 2001 the Defendants issued a Summons to strike out the Plaintiff}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10885420 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420 
s Originating Summons on the grounds that it discloses no reasonable course of action and is an abuse of process.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10885420  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420 
The application is made under {\*\bkmkstart O18_18_1_a_HCR_Lepani_Matea_v_PS_Ed}Order 18 Rule 18(1)(a) {\*\bkmkend O18_18_1_a_HCR_Lepani_Matea_v_PS_Ed}and {\*\bkmkstart O18_18_1_d_HCR_Lepani_Matea_v_PS_Ed}(d) 
{\*\bkmkend O18_18_1_d_HCR_Lepani_Matea_v_PS_Ed}of the High Court Rules 1988.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10885420  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420 The basis of the Defendants}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10885420 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420  application is that the Plaintiff has chosen the wrong form of action.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10885420  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420 They say that because the Plaintiff
 is a civil servant his rights and duties are governed by the Public Service Act and Regulations thereunder and that consequently he should have proceeded by way of Judicial Review and not Originating Summons.
\par 
\par The Defendants rely on the House of Lords decision in }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420 {\*\bkmkstart O_Reilly_v_Mackman_Lepani_Matea_v_PS_Ed}O}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10885420 '}{
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420 Reilly v Mackman}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420  {\*\bkmkend O_Reilly_v_Mackman_Lepani_Matea_v_PS_Ed}
(1983) 2 AC 237 which is probably one of the most controversial decisions of the House of Lords given in the last 20 years, at least in Administrative Law.
\par 
\par The judgment of the House was delivered by Lord Diplock whose speech is described by Professor Wade and his Co-Author of the Seventh Edition of Administrative Law C.F. Forsyth at p. 683 as:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11556240\charrsid10885420 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10885420 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10885420 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420 An outstanding
 feat of analysis and synthesis, ranging widely over the landmarks of administrative law.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10885420 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10885420 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420 
\par The Plaintiffs were four inmates of Hull Prison, who sued (three by Writ and one by Originating Summons) for declarations that the visitors}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10885420 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420  awards were void for breach of the Prison rules and for violation of natural justice.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10885420  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420 They chose the ordinary forms of action because they expected substantial disputes on questions of fact and wanted to be sure that they could call oral evidence.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10885420  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420 As the trial judge said, this was clearly a rational choice - 1983 2 AC at 249 (Peter Pain J).
\par 
\par The House of Lords held that in view of {\*\bkmkstart O53_HCR_Lepani_Matea_v_PS_Education}Order 53 {\*\bkmkend O53_HCR_Lepani_Matea_v_PS_Education}of the Rules of the High Court the proceedings should be struck out as an abuse of the process of the Court.
}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10885420  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420 Lord Diplock said at 285 that:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11556240\charrsid10885420 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10885420 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10885420 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420 
They were blatant attempts to avoid the protections for the Defendants for which Order 53 provides.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10885420 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10885420 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420 
\par The House held accordingly that the only available procedure in such a case, since it was a matter of public law, was application for Judicial Review. 
\par 
\par He then said at pp 284 - 285:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11556240\charrsid10885420 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10885420 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10885420 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420 
that since all the remedies for the infringement of rights protected by public law could be obtained on an application for judicial review, as a general rule it would be contrary to public policy and an abuse of the process of the court for a Plaintiff
 complaining of a public authority}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10885420 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420 
s infringement of his public law rights to seek redress by ordinary action and that, accordingly, since in each case the only claim made by the Plaintiff was for a declaration that the board of visitor}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10885420 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420 s adjudication against the Plaintiff
 was void, it would be an abuse of the process of the court to allow the actions to proceed and thereby avoid the protection afforded to statutory tribunals.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10885420 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10885420 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420 
\par The principle was adopted in Fiji in the case of }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420 {\*\bkmkstart Ram_Prasad_v_AG_Lepani_Matea_v_PS_Ed}Ram Prasad v The Attorney-{\*\bkmkend Ram_Prasad_v_AG_Lepani_Matea_v_PS_Ed}
General}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420  ABU58/97 unreported judgment of the Court of Appeal of the 27th
 of August 1999 where the Court of Appeal upheld the decision of the High Court dismissing an action for wrongful dismissal of a civil servant on the ground that the Appellant should have proceeded by way of Judicial Review.
\par 
\par On page 9 of the judgment the Court said:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11556240\charrsid10885420 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10885420 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10885420 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420 
In the present case the terms of the Appellant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10885420 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420 s employment...were governed by the Regulations to which we have referred.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10885420  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420 It was the existence of those regulatory provisions which injected the element of public l
aw that attracted the remedies of administrative law.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10885420  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420 
Once that conclusion is reached, it follows that any remedy requires consideration of the exercise of what are in effect statutory powers ....}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10885420  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420 For these reasons we consider ... that as the Appellant had been appointed under a statutory provision law applied to his appointment, and any claim...
can only be brought by an application for judicial review.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10885420 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10885420 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420 
\par In HBC 359 of 2000 }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420 {\*\bkmkstart Nair_v_Sec_PSC_Lepani_Matea_v_PS_Ed}Nair v The Secretary for the Public Service Commission and {\*\bkmkend Nair_v_Sec_PSC_Lepani_Matea_v_PS_Ed}
Another}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420  unreported decision of Scott J of the 28th of May 2001 the judge followed }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420 Ram Prasad}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420  and held that the Plaintiff who was a Clerical Officer in the Ministry of Agriculture and who was dismissed from the
 Public Service had no right in law to seek redress by way of civil Writ and that in line with what was said by the Court of Appeal who in turn followed }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420 O}{
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10885420 '}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420 Reilly v Mackman}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420 
 she should have sought Judicial Review of her dismissal.
\par 
\par In }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420 O}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10885420 '}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420 Reilly v Mackman}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420  Lord Diplock explained that:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11556240\charrsid10885420 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10885420 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10885420 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420 
The public interest in good administration requires that public authorities and third parties should not be kept in suspense as to the legal validity of a decision by a litigant.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10885420 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10885420 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420 
\par The Public Service Act 1999, which derives its power from Chapter 10 of the 1998 Constitution in {\*\bkmkstart s11_PSA_Lepani_Matea_v_PS_Ed}Section 11 {\*\bkmkend s11_PSA_Lepani_Matea_v_PS_Ed}
gives the Commission among other powers the right to perform the functions of an employer including but not limited to }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11556240 \endash }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11556240 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11556240\charrsid10885420 
\par }\pard\plain \s17\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11556240 \f29\fs24\lang1033\langfe3081\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp3081 {\f0\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420 (1) \tab 
the classification of employees;
\par (2) \tab the duties of employees, and the place where they are to be performed;
\par (3) \tab the transfer of employees to and between Ministries and departments;
\par (4) \tab the setting of remuneration and other terms of employment, unless another written law confers those functions on some other person or body in relation to any employee or class of employee.
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10885420 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420 
\par These powers are given practical effect in the Regulations made under the Act which came into force on the 13th of May 1999.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10885420  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420 
Regulation 5 states that the appointment or promotion of a person in the Public Service must be made on the basis of merit after an open, competitive selection process.
\par 
\par Therefore the Defendants argue, contrary to the submission of the Plaintiff, that the Plaintiff is not employed under any contract of employment, as in private law but under the Public Service Act and thus his remedy lies only in public law, namely in}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10885420  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420 Judicial Review.
\par 
\par This statement underlines the fallacy of the Plaintiff}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10885420 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420 s submission quoting from Wade and Forsyth at p.689 that:}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11556240\charrsid10885420 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10885420 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10885420 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420 
Contracts of employment are enforceable by ordinary action and not by Writs}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10885420 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420 .}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10885420  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10885420 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420 
\par This only confirms what Lord Goddard C.J. said in }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420 {\*\bkmkstart IRC_v_Hambrook_Lepani_Matea_v_PS_Ed}Inland Revenue Commissioner {\*\bkmkend IRC_v_Hambrook_Lepani_Matea_v_PS_Ed}v
 Hambrook}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420  [1956] 2 QB 641, 654:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11556240\charrsid10885420 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10885420 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10885420 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420 
... an established civil servant is appointed to an office and is a public officer, remunerated by monies provided by Parliament, so that his employment depends not on a contract with the Crown but on appointment by the Cro
wn, though there may be ... exceptional cases as, for instance, an engagement for a definite period, where there is a contractual element in or collateral to his employment.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10885420 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10885420 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420 
\par In this case had the Plaintiff made an application for Judicial Review he would almost certainly have sought an order for certiorari to quash the decision of the Defendants not to appoint him as Head Teacher at Waiqanake District School.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10885420  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420 Under Order 53 Rule 4 he would have three months from the date of the decision which appears to have been the 17th
 of September 1999 to apply to this Court for leave.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10885420  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420 He did not do 
so and, although the Court has a discretion to extend that period I would have thought any application beyond six months would not have been entertained by this Court.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10885420  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420 I have no doubt the Plaintiff}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10885420 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420 
s legal advisers realised this and so issued an Originating Summons.
\par 
\par The Plaintiff invites the Court to }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10885420 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420 liberate the rigid doctrine established by }{
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420 O}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10885420 '}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420 Reilly}{
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10885420  }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420 v Mackman}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10885420 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10885420  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420 In England since 1990 beginning with }{
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420 {\*\bkmkstart Law_v_Greyhound_Lepani_Matea_v_PS_Ed}Law v Greyhound Racing {\*\bkmkend Law_v_Greyhound_Lepani_Matea_v_PS_Ed}Club Ltd}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420  [1983] 1 WLR 1302 the English Courts, realising the problems which }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420 O}{
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10885420 '}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420 Reilly v Mackman}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420 
 gave rise to, have taken a much more liberal attitude.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10885420  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420 
\par 
\par Undoubtedly the decision gives many frustrations to litigants with much waste of effort, time and money, causing Sir Michael Kerr to say in the Court of Appeal in }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420 
{\*\bkmkstart Lonrho_v_Tebbit_Lep_Matea_v_PS_Education}Lonhro Plc v Tebbit}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420  {\*\bkmkend Lonrho_v_Tebbit_Lep_Matea_v_PS_Education}[1992] 4 All ER 161 that:}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11556240\charrsid10885420 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10885420 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10885420 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420 Our law }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10885420 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420 has suffered too much from the undesirable complexities of this over-legalistic procedural dichotomy}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10885420 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10885420 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420 

\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10885420 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420 
\par Any Judge familiar with the history of Judicial Review in England since}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10885420  }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420 O}{
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10885420 '}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420 Reilly}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420 
 would respectfully agree but as a single Judge, no matter what my personal preferences may be, I am bound by authority and that authority in Fiji is among others }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420 Ram Prasad v
 The Attorney-General of Fiji.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420 
\par Consequently following }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420 Ram Prasad}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420  and more recently Scott J in }{
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420 Nair}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10885420 '}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420 s}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420  case I find myself without any alternative but to grant the orders sought in the Defendants}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10885420 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420  Summons.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10885420  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420 
I have personally suggested on a number of occasions that the time is ripe in Fiji to adopt the system of Administrative Tribunals created in Australia 
in the 1970s so as to avoid the procedural minefield which, no doubt unintentionally, Lord Diplock created.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10885420  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420 
But this is a matter for Parliament and not the Courts to attend to.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10885420  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420 The orders I make therefore are that the Plaintiff}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10885420 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420 s action be dismissed as disclosing no reasonable cause of action and as being an abuse of process. 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420 
\par }\pard\plain \s3\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10885420 \b\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\b0\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420 Action dismissed.
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11556240 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11556240 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10885420 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722976\charrsid10885420 Mereseini Rakuita Vuniwaqa }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1972231\charrsid11556240 
\par }}