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{\*\bkmkend Serupepeli_Cerevakawalu_v_State_No_2} \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13978868 {\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid10355983 Court of Appeal Criminal \par }{\fs22\insrsid13978868 14, }{\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid10355983 22 November}{\fs22\insrsid13978868 ,}{\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid10355983 2001 }{\fs22\insrsid13978868 \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab }{\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid10355983 AAU 0024/01S}{\fs22\insrsid13978868 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13978868 {\i\insrsid13978868 \par }{\i\fs22\insrsid13978868 Criminal law - }{\i\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid12859126 wrongful confinement }{\i\fs22\insrsid13978868 \endash criminal intimidation - appeal against conviction and sentence - d}{\i\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid12859126 efective charge}{\i\fs22\insrsid13978868 - }{\i\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid12859126 whether entire proceedings is declared a nullity, alleged severity of the sentence, totality principle as applied to sentencing}{\i\fs22\insrsid13978868 -}{ \i\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid12859126 Penal Code s}{\i\fs22\insrsid13978868 s}{\i\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid12859126 253}{\i\fs22\insrsid13978868 , 256,}{\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid12221899 }{\i\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid742493 330(b)}{ \i\fs22\insrsid13978868 ; }{\i\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid7566741 Criminal Procedure Code s319}{\i\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid15474809 \par }{\fs22\insrsid13978868 \par }{\i\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid881488 Double punishment \endash factual background the same \endash }{\i\fs22\insrsid13978868 Appellant}{\i\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid881488 subjected to internal prison disciplinary procedures \endash statutory sentence - Constitution ss25, 28 \par }{\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid12859126 \par }\pard\plain \s15\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13978868 \f36\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f0\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid16126148 The }{\f0\fs22\insrsid13978868 Appellant}{ \f0\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid16126148 pleaded guilty to the first and second charge of wrongful confinement and criminal intimidation pursuant to sections 253 and 330(b) o f the Penal Code. He was sentenced to 12 months on each charge, concurrently but consecutive to the 10 year sentence the }{\f0\fs22\insrsid13978868 Appellant}{\f0\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid16126148 was then serving. He appealed against conviction and sentence on the grounds of severity of sentence, double punishment and t otality principle in sentencing. The Court allowed further submissions relating to the defect in the charge purported to be laid pursuant to section 253 of the Penal Code}{\f0\fs22\insrsid13978868 ,}{\f0\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid16126148 the errors of law as to the maximum sentences applicable, that the offending was not intentional, breaches of section}{\f0\fs22\insrsid13978868 s}{\f0\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid16126148 {\*\bkmkstart Const_s25_Cerevakawalu_v_State_2}25 {\*\bkmkend Const_s25_Cerevakawalu_v_State_2} and {\*\bkmkstart Const_s28_Cerevakawalu_v_State_2}28{\*\bkmkend Const_s28_Cerevakawalu_v_State_2} of the Constitution, double punishment and the severity of the sentence. The appel late Court found that the first charge was defective and there were errors of law in that the maximum penalties of two offences under consideration were 7 years and 2 years respectively, which were not brought to the attention of the appeal Judge in the H igh Court. The Court considered grounds 2 and 3 of not merit, and that the }{\f0\fs22\insrsid13978868 Appellant}{\f0\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid16126148 could not pursue ground 5 relating to severity of sentence. The Court allowed the appeal on ground 1. Section 319 of the Criminal Procedure Code allows the High Court to exercise any power which the Magistrates\rquote Court might have exercised. Remitting for a re-hearing in the Magistrates\rquote Court or exercising a power originally vested in the Magistrate was to ignore the incurable invalidity of what had happened. }{\f0\fs22\insrsid13978868 T}{ \f0\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid16126148 he}{\f0\fs22\insrsid13978868 Court considered that a plea of }{\i\f0\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid16126148 autrefois }{\i\f0\fs22\insrsid13978868 convict }{\f0\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid422043 would}{ \i\f0\fs22\insrsid13978868 }{\f0\fs22\insrsid13978868 not be available to an Appellant should the State lay fresh charges.}{\f0\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid16126148 The plea of }{\i\f0\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid16126148 autrefois acquit}{ \f0\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid16126148 must be given a limited scope and it was not a bar to the }{\f0\fs22\insrsid13978868 Appellant}{\f0\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid16126148 being tried afresh on the robbery charge. This case did not come within the proposition that the plea of autrefois can arise whenever in order to prove the offence alleged in the second indictment the prosecution must prove that the accused has committed an offence of which he has previously been eit her convicted or acquitted. \par }\pard\plain \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13978868 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid16126148 \par }\pard\plain \s16\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13978868 \fs24\lang3081\langfe3081\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp3081 {\b\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid16126148 Held\endash }{\fs22\insrsid13978868 (1) }{ \fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid16126148 Having discovered a defect in the charges and errors of law as to the maximum sentences applicable, an appellate court can}{\fs22\insrsid13978868 }{\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid16126148 declare the entire proceedings a nullity }{\fs22\insrsid13978868 but}{\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid16126148 }{\fs22\insrsid13978868 cannot}{\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid16126148 remit the case to the Magistrates\rquote Court for a rehearing, or substitute a conviction on the lesser charge and proceed to hear mitigation.}{\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid6973947 Both options are to ignore the incurable invalidity of what had happened.}{\fs22\insrsid13978868 As the proceedings are declared a nullity, a plea of }{\i\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid16126148 autrefois }{\i\fs22\insrsid13978868 convict }{\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid422043 would}{\i\fs22\insrsid13978868 }{\fs22\insrsid13978868 n ot be available to the Appellant should the State lay fresh charges.}{\b\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid16126148 \par }\pard \s16\qj \fi374\li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13978868 {\fs22\insrsid13978868 (2) The factual background may have been the same for both the internal prison disciplinary proceedings and the charge laid under the Penal Code but the offences themselves are different. \par }\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13978868 {\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid12859126 \par }\pard\plain \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13978868 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid12859126 The appeal succeeds. The convictions and sentences }{ \fs22\insrsid13978868 quashed. }{\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid12859126 The}{\fs22\insrsid13978868 }{\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid12859126 entire proceedings is declared a nullity. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13978868 {\b\fs22\insrsid13978868 \par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13978868 \fs24\lang3081\langfe3081\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp3081 {\b\fs22\insrsid13978868 Case}{\b\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid12859126 s referred in }{ \b\fs22\insrsid13978868 J}{\b\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid12859126 udgment \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13978868 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\i\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid12859126 Connely v The Director of Public Prosecutions}{ \fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid12859126 [1964] }{\fs22\insrsid13978868 AC}{\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid12859126 1254 \par }{\insrsid13978868\charrsid12859126 }{\b\i\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid12801875 Josefa }{\b\i\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid12859126 Baleloa & Ors v State}{\fs22\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13978868\charrsid8129275 }{ \fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid4589969 [2001] HAA}{\fs22\insrsid13978868 }{\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid4589969 0058/01S 2 November 2001}{\fs22\insrsid13978868 }{\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid4589969 \par }\pard\plain \s4\ql \li0\ri0\keepn\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel3\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13978868 \i\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\insrsid13978868\charrsid10307616 Jone }{\b\insrsid13978868 Sereka & O}{\b\insrsid13978868\charrsid12859126 rs v }{\b\insrsid13978868 S}{\b\insrsid13978868\charrsid12859126 tate}{\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13978868\charrsid8129275 }{\i0\insrsid13978868\charrsid10307616 [2001] HAA}{ \i0\insrsid13978868 }{\i0\insrsid13978868\charrsid10307616 0057/01S}{\b\i0\insrsid13978868\charrsid10307616 }{\i0\insrsid13978868\charrsid10307616 7 October 2001}{\i0\insrsid13978868 }{\i0\insrsid13978868\charrsid10307616 \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13978868 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\i\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid8129275 R v Forde}{\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid16262980 (1923) 2 }{\fs22\insrsid13978868 KB}{\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid16262980 400}{\fs22\insrsid13978868 cons}{\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid16262980 \par }\pard\plain \s1\ql \li0\ri0\keepn\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13978868 \b\f1\fs32\lang3081\langfe3081\kerning32\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp3081 {\b0\i\f0\fs22\insrsid13978868 \par Appellant}{\b0\i\f0\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid12859126 in person \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13978868 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\i\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid12859126 Gregor H. Allan for the }{\i\fs22\insrsid13978868 Respondent}{\i\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid12859126 \par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13978868 \fs24\lang3081\langfe3081\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp3081 {\b\fs22\insrsid13978868 \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13978868 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs22\insrsid13978868 22 November, 2001\tab \tab \tab }{\b\caps\fs22\insrsid13978868 judgment} {\fs22\insrsid13978868 \par \par }{\b\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid1011749 Sheppard, Tompkins, Smellie, JJA \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\brdrt\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf8 \brdrl\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf8 \brdrb\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf8 \brdrr\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf8 \tx0\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13978868 {\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid12221899 This is an appeal against conviction and sentence. In the Magistrates}{\fs22\insrsid13978868 \rquote }{\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid12221899 Court at Suva on the 11}{\fs22\super\insrsid13978868\charrsid12221899 th}{ \fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid12221899 of May 2001 the }{\fs22\insrsid13978868 Appellant}{\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid12221899 pleaded guilty to what purported to be a charge laid pursuant to {\*\bkmkstart s253_PC_Cerevakawalu_v_State_2}section 253 {\*\bkmkend s253_PC_Cerevakawalu_v_State_2}of the }{\fs22\insrsid13978868 Penal }{\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid12221899 Code. He also pleaded guilty to a second charge laid pursuant to section {\*\bkmkstart s330_b_PC_Cerevakawalu_v_State_2}330(b) {\*\bkmkend s330_b_PC_Cerevakawalu_v_State_2}of the }{\fs22\insrsid13978868 Penal }{\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid12221899 Code. The learned magistrate erroneously believing each charge carried a maximum penalty of 10 years sentenced the }{ \fs22\insrsid13978868 Appellant}{\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid12221899 to 12 months on each charge. The sentences were to be served concurrently but consecutively upon a 10 year sentence the }{\fs22\insrsid13978868 Appellant}{ \fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid12221899 was already serving. \par \par The first charge was defective and there were errors of law in that the maximum penalties for the two offences under consideration were 7 years and 2 years respectively. \par \par Those errors of law were not brought to the attention of the learned Judge who heard the appeal in the High Court and as a result they were perpetuated there. The sentences imposed in the Magistrates}{\fs22\insrsid13978868 \rquote }{ \fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid12221899 Court were upheld. \par \par }{\b\fs22\ul\insrsid13978868\charrsid12221899 Grounds of appeal}{\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid12221899 \par \par When first lodged on 23/8/01 the grounds centred upon, first the alleged severity of the sentence. Secondly the fact the }{\fs22\insrsid13978868 Appellant}{\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid12221899 had already been punished pursuant to the internal prison disciplinary procedures. In addition he had suffered an assault in prison which resulted in the loss of his left eye. The Constitution was also called in aid as was the totality principle as ap plied to sentencing. \par \par On the 7}{\fs22\super\insrsid13978868\charrsid12221899 th}{\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid12221899 of October 2001, however, the judgment in }{\b\i\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid12221899 {\*\bkmkstart Jone_Sereka_v_S_Cerevakawalu_v_State_2} Jone Sereka & Others }{\b\i\fs22\insrsid13978868 v}{\b\i\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid12221899 {\*\bkmkend Jone_Sereka_v_S_Cerevakawalu_v_State_2}The State}{\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid12221899 was handed down. That decision was by the same Judge who heard the }{\fs22\insrsid13978868 Appellant\rquote }{\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid12221899 s appeal in this case in late July giving judgment on the 6}{ \fs22\super\insrsid13978868\charrsid12221899 th}{\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid12221899 of August 2001. In the }{\b\i\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid12221899 Sereka}{\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid12221899 case which arose out of the same circumstances the defect in the charge as originally laid was recognised. \par \par The }{\fs22\insrsid13978868 Appellant}{\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid12221899 accordingly filed further submissions dated the 7}{\fs22\super\insrsid13978868\charrsid12221899 th}{\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid12221899 of November 2001. Properly State Counsel raised no objection to our taking these additional late submissions into account.}{\fs22\insrsid13978868 Raised as ground number 1 is }{\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid12221899 the defect in the charge purported to be laid pursuant to section 253 and the errors of law as to the maximum sentences applicable. This ground was advanced upon the basis that the court}{\fs22\insrsid13978868 \'93}{ \fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid12221899 declare the entire proceeding a nullity or substitute the conviction on the lesser charge under {\*\bkmkstart s256_PC_Cerevakawalu_v_State_2}section 256{\*\bkmkend s256_PC_Cerevakawalu_v_State_2}.}{ \fs22\insrsid13978868 \'94}{\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid12221899 \par \par Additional grounds were: \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s19 \f3\fs22\lang1033\langfe3081\langfenp3081\insrsid13978868\charrsid5636289 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard\plain \s19\qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\brdrt\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf8 \brdrl\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf8 \brdrb \brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf8 \brdrr\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf8 \tx0\jclisttab\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13978868 \f29\fs24\lang1033\langfe3081\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp3081 {\f0\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid5636289 Ground 2 offending not intentional }{\f0\fs22\insrsid13978868 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s19 \f3\fs22\lang1033\langfe3081\langfenp3081\insrsid13978868\charrsid5636289 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}{\f0\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid5636289 Ground 3 again raised breaches of sections 25 and 28 of the Constitution}{ \f0\fs22\insrsid13978868 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s19 \f3\fs22\lang1033\langfe3081\langfenp3081\insrsid13978868\charrsid5636289 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}{\f0\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid5636289 Ground 4 again raised the point of double punishment }{ \f0\fs22\insrsid13978868 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s19 \f3\fs22\lang1033\langfe3081\langfenp3081\insrsid13978868\charrsid5636289 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}{\f0\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid5636289 Ground 5 manifestly excessive sentence. \par }\pard\plain \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\brdrt\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf8 \brdrl\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf8 \brdrb\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf8 \brdrr\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf8 \tx0\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13978868 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid12221899 \par As the appeal can be disposed of on a consideration of the first ground above the others strictly need not be considered. Grounds 2 and 3 however have no substance or merit. Ground 5 is not one which can be pursued in the Court of Appeal. We will, however, make reference to ground 4 later in this judgment. \par \par }{\b\fs22\ul\insrsid13978868\charrsid12221899 Ground 1}{\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid12221899 \tab \par \par Mr. Allan for the State properly conceded that this ground must succeed. He acknowledged that in the Magistrates}{\fs22\insrsid13978868 \rquote }{\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid12221899 Court and in t he High Court incorrect maximum penalties had been erroneously taken into account. Counsel also conceded that the charge which purported to be laid pursuant to section 253 of the Code was defective. \par \par As earlier recorded the same Judge presided in the High Court on this appeal as in the }{\b\i\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid12221899 Sereka}{\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid12221899 appeal. In the }{\b\i\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid12221899 Sereka}{ \fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid12221899 decision the Judge recognised the defect in the charge laid pursuant to section 253 in the following passages from her judgment: \par }\pard \qj \li720\ri720\widctlpar\brdrt\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf8 \brdrl\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf8 \brdrb\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf8 \brdrr\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf8 \tx0\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid13978868 {\ul\insrsid13978868\charrsid742493 \'93The Charge \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\brdrt\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf8 \brdrl\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf8 \brdrb\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf8 \brdrr\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf8 \tx0\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13978868 {\ul\insrsid13978868\charrsid742493 \par }\pard \qj \li720\ri526\widctlpar\brdrt\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf8 \brdrl\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf8 \brdrb\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf8 \brdrr\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf8 \tx0\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin526\lin720\itap0\pararsid13978868 {\insrsid13978868\charrsid742493 The }{\insrsid13978868 Appellant}{ \insrsid13978868\charrsid742493 s were charged with \lquote Wrongful Confinement: contrary to section 253 of the Penal Code.\rquote Section 253 reads as follows: \par }\pard \qj \li1122\ri900\widctlpar\brdrt\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf8 \brdrl\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf8 \brdrb\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf8 \brdrr\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf8 \tx0\tx720\tx1122\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin900\lin1122\itap0\pararsid13978868 {\insrsid13978868\charrsid742493 Any person who, knowing that any person has been kidnapped or has been abducted, wrongfully conceals or confines such person, is guilty of a felony, and shall be punished in the same manner as if he had kidnapped or abducted such person with the same intention or knowledge, or for the same purpose, as that with or for which he conceals or detains such person in confinement. \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\brdrt\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf8 \brdrl\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf8 \brdrb\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf8 \brdrr\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf8 \tx0\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13978868 {\insrsid13978868\charrsid742493 \par }\pard \qj \li720\ri526\widctlpar\brdrt\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf8 \brdrl\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf8 \brdrb\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf8 \brdrr\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf8 \tx0\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin526\lin720\itap0\pararsid13978868 {\insrsid13978868\charrsid742493 However, the particulars of the offence do not reflect the provisions of section 253 of the Penal Code. The charge reads that the }{\insrsid13978868 Appellant}{\insrsid13978868\charrsid742493 s }{\insrsid13978868 \lquote }{ \insrsid13978868\charrsid742493 knowingly and wilfully confined}{\insrsid13978868 \rquote }{\insrsid13978868\charrsid742493 the prison officers concerned. It says nothing about kidnapping or abducting. Section 256 of the Penal Code provides: \par }\pard \qj \li1122\ri900\widctlpar\brdrt\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf8 \brdrl\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf8 \brdrb\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf8 \brdrr\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf8 \tx0\tx1122\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin900\lin1122\itap0\pararsid13978868 {\insrsid13978868\charrsid742493 Whoever wrongfully confines any person is guilty of a misdemeanour, and is liable to imprisonment for one year or to a fine of four hundred dollars. \par }\pard \qj \li720\ri0\widctlpar\brdrt\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf8 \brdrl\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf8 \brdrb\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf8 \brdrr\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf8 \tx0\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13978868 {\insrsid13978868\charrsid742493 \par }\pard \qj \li720\ri526\widctlpar\brdrt\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf8 \brdrl\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf8 \brdrb\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf8 \brdrr\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf8 \tx0\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin526\lin720\itap0\pararsid13978868 {\insrsid13978868\charrsid742493 The particulars of the charge are far more consistent with a charge under section 256. Section 256 of the Penal Code however, creates a misdemeanor with a maximum penalty of 12 months imprisonment. Section 253 carries a maximum penalty of 10 years impri sonment. There is considerable difference between the two sections.\'94 \par }\pard \qj \li720\ri0\widctlpar\brdrt\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf8 \brdrl\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf8 \brdrb\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf8 \brdrr\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf8 \tx0\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13978868 {\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid12221899 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\brdrt\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf8 \brdrl\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf8 \brdrb\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf8 \brdrr\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf8 \tx0\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13978868 {\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid12221899 The Judge went on to record that both counsel (for the }{ \fs22\insrsid13978868 Appellant}{\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid12221899 and the }{\fs22\insrsid13978868 Respondent}{\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid12221899 ) appeared to agree the charge was defective and she added: \par }\pard \qj \li720\ri526\widctlpar\brdrt\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf8 \brdrl\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf8 \brdrb\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf8 \brdrr\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf8 \tx0\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin526\lin720\itap0\pararsid13978868 {\insrsid13978868\charrsid742493 \'93 the charge is indeed defective. It does not particularise the ingredients of the offence, and }{\ul\insrsid13978868\charrsid742493 at the time of pleading guilty}{\insrsid13978868\charrsid742493 the }{\insrsid13978868 Appellant}{ \insrsid13978868\charrsid742493 s were probably under the impression that they were pleading guilty to Wrongful Confinement under section 256 of the Code.\'94 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\brdrt\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf8 \brdrl\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf8 \brdrb\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf8 \brdrr\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf8 \tx0\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13978868 {\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid12221899 \par Her Ladyship then went on to discuss the facts of that case which arose out of the same incident giving rise to the charges in the case before this court and said: \par }\pard \qj \li720\ri526\widctlpar\brdrt\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf8 \brdrl\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf8 \brdrb\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf8 \brdrr\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf8 \tx0\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin526\lin720\itap0\pararsid13978868 {\insrsid13978868\charrsid742493 \'93 Thus the facts were capable of sustaining a section 253 charge. However, that is n ot an issue when considering whether the plea to a charge was an equivocal plea. The issue is whether the accused pleaded guilty without understanding the nature of the charge, or without intending to admit that he was guilty of what was alleged. {\*\bkmkstart R_v_Forde_S_Cerevakawealu_v_State_2}(}{\b\i\insrsid13978868\charrsid742493 R }{\b\i\insrsid13978868 v}{\b\i\insrsid13978868\charrsid742493 Forde}{\insrsid13978868\charrsid742493 }{\insrsid13978868 {\*\bkmkend R_v_Forde_S_Cerevakawealu_v_State_2}[}{\insrsid13978868\charrsid742493 1923}{\insrsid13978868 ]}{\insrsid13978868\charrsid742493 2 KB 400). \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri526\widctlpar\brdrt\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf8 \brdrl\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf8 \brdrb\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf8 \brdrr\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf8 \tx0\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin526\lin0\itap0\pararsid13978868 {\insrsid13978868\charrsid742493 \par }\pard \qj \li720\ri526\widctlpar\brdrt\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf8 \brdrl\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf8 \brdrb\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf8 \brdrr\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf8 \tx0\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin526\lin720\itap0\pararsid13978868 {\insrsid13978868\charrsid742493 It is clear on a reading of the charge on Count 1, that the }{ \insrsid13978868 Appellant}{\insrsid13978868\charrsid742493 s would have thought that they were pleading guilty to a charge of Wrongful Confinement. This is because the Statement of Offence read \lquote Wrongful Confinement\rquote and the Particulars of the Offence make no mention of abduction or kidnapping. For these reasons I find that the pleas were equivocal in the sense that they were to the lesser charge of Wrongful Confinement under section 256 of the Penal Code.\'94 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\brdrt\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf8 \brdrl\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf8 \brdrb\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf8 \brdrr\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf8 \tx0\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13978868 {\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid12221899 \par Counsel for the State agreed that the factual circumstances in this appeal are the same as those in the }{\b\i\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid12221899 Sereka}{\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid12221899 appeals. \par \par We agree with the reasoning of the learned Judge set out above in the }{\b\i\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid15864162 Sereka}{\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid12221899 appeal but not with the manner in which she disposed of the appeal. We shall return to this latter subject later in this judgment. \par \par So far as this appeal is concerned the errors of law which have emerged in relation to convictions and sentences are such that we have no doubt the proper course is to declare the entire proceedings a nullity and quash both the convictions and sentences. \par \par We add, however, that it was made clear to the }{\fs22\insrsid13978868 Appellant}{\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid12221899 during the hearing that this procedure would not necessarily prevent the State from laying fresh charges and as the entire proceeding was a nullity, pleas of }{\i\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid12221899 autrefois convict}{ \fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid12221899 , would not be available in respect of any such fresh charges. \par \par }{\b\fs22\ul\insrsid13978868\charrsid12221899 The Sereka Decision}{\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid12221899 \par Counsel requested that the court comment on the way the }{\b\i\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid15864162 Sereka}{\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid12221899 appeal was disposed of since further appeals to this court in respect of the seven prisoners dealt with in that case are pending.}{\fs22\insrsid13978868 .}{\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid12221899 Indeed there is also another case }{ \b\i\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid12221899 {\*\bkmkstart Baleloa_v_State_Cerevakawalu_v_State_2}Baleloa & Others }{\b\i\fs22\insrsid13978868 v}{\b\i\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid12221899 The State}{\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid12221899 {\*\bkmkend Baleloa_v_State_Cerevakawalu_v_State_2}where appeals are pending in relation to a further 9 prisoners also involved in the same incident. \par \par In those circumstances although not strictly necessary for the disposal of this appeal it is appropriate that we accede to Mr. Allan}{\fs22\insrsid13978868 \rquote }{\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid12221899 s request. \par \par At the end of her judgmen}{\fs22\insrsid13978868 t in }{\b\i\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid12221899 Sereka}{\fs22\insrsid13978868 the Judge said this}{\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid12221899 : \par }\pard \qj \li720\ri526\widctlpar\brdrt\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf8 \brdrl\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf8 \brdrb\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf8 \brdrr\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf8 \tx0\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin526\lin720\itap0\pararsid13978868 {\insrsid13978868\charrsid742493 \'93 What could the learned Magistrate have done? He could have asked the prosecution to choose the charge it wished to proceed with and to amend it accordingly, or he could have convicted of the lesser offence under section 256, as he was entitled to do pursuant to section 169 of the Criminal Procedure Code. However the defect was not noticed until it was raised by Counsel at the hearing of this appeal. And in fairness to the learned Magistrate, I did not notice the defect myself in }{\b\i\insrsid13978868\charrsid742493 Serupepeli Cerevakawalu & Anr}{ \insrsid13978868\charrsid742493 . Crim. App. No. HAA042 of 2001S. \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri526\widctlpar\brdrt\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf8 \brdrl\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf8 \brdrb\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf8 \brdrr\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf8 \tx0\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin526\lin0\itap0\pararsid13978868 {\insrsid13978868\charrsid742493 \par }\pard \qj \li720\ri526\widctlpar\brdrt\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf8 \brdrl\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf8 \brdrb\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf8 \brdrr\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf8 \tx0\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin526\lin720\itap0\pararsid13978868 {\insrsid13978868\charrsid742493 Having discovered the defect, this court can either declare the entire proceedings a nullity and remit the case to the Magistrates}{\insrsid13978868 \rquote }{\insrsid13978868\charrsid742493 Court for a rehearing, or it can substitute a conviction on the lesser charge and proceed to hear mitigation. In the interests of efficiency, I consider the second option to be preferable. {\*\bkmkstart s319_CPC_Cerevakawalu_v_State_2}Section 319 {\*\bkmkend s319_CPC_Cerevakawalu_v_State_2}of the Criminal Procedure Code allows the High Court to }{\insrsid13978868 \'93exercise any power which the m}{\insrsid13978868\charrsid742493 agistrate}{\insrsid13978868 \rquote }{ \insrsid13978868\charrsid742493 s }{\insrsid13978868 c}{\insrsid13978868\charrsid742493 ourt might have exercised}{\insrsid13978868 \'94}{\insrsid13978868\charrsid742493 . \par \par The convictions of all }{\insrsid13978868 Appellant}{\insrsid13978868\charrsid742493 s on Count 1 are substituted with convictions under section 256 of the Penal Code. I will now proceed to hear mitigation.\'94 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\brdrt\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf8 \brdrl\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf8 \brdrb\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf8 \brdrr\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf8 \tx0\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13978868 {\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid12221899 \par With respect as the entire proceeding was a nullity the convictions and sentences should have been quashed. Neither option considered in the above passages was open to the learned Judge. Remitting for a re-hearing in the Magistrates}{ \fs22\insrsid13978868 \rquote }{\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid12221899 Court or exercising a power originally vested in the Magistrate was to ignore the incurable invalidity of what had happened. \par \par }{\b\fs22\ul\insrsid13978868\charrsid12221899 Punished twice}{\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid12221899 }{\b\fs22\ul\insrsid13978868\charrsid12221899 (the }{\b\fs22\ul\insrsid13978868 Appellant\rquote }{\b\fs22\ul\insrsid13978868\charrsid12221899 s fourth ground}{\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid12221899 ) \par It is understandable that the }{\fs22\insrsid13978868 Appellant}{\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid12221899 as a lay person should feel aggrieved on this point. He had been penalised pursuant to the Prisons Act by the appropriate authorities and not unreasonably has seen the consecutive sentences of imprisonment originally imposed (but now quashed) as a doubl ing up. \par \par The law in this area however is very clear. In the House of Lords decision in }{\b\i\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid742493 {\*\bkmkstart Connelly_v_DPP_Cerevakawalu_v_State_2}Conne}{\b\i\fs22\insrsid13978868 l}{\b\i\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid742493 ly }{\b\i\fs22\insrsid13978868 v}{\b\i\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid742493 The Director of Public Prosecutions}{\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid12221899 {\*\bkmkend Connelly_v_DPP_Cerevakawalu_v_State_2}[1964] AC 1254 at 1255/6 head note reads: \par }\pard \qj \li720\ri526\widctlpar\brdrt\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf8 \brdrl\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf8 \brdrb\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf8 \brdrr\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf8 \tx0\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin526\lin720\itap0\pararsid13978868 {\insrsid13978868\charrsid742493 \'93Hel d: that the plea of autrefois acquit must be given a limited scope and it was not a bar to C. being tried afresh on the robbery charge. This case did not come within the proposition that the plea of autrefois can arise whenever in order to prove the offe nce alleged in the second indictment the prosecution must prove that the accused has committed an offence of which he has previously been either convicted or acquitted.\'94 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\brdrt\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf8 \brdrl\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf8 \brdrb\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf8 \brdrr\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf8 \tx0\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13978868 {\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid12221899 \par Lord Morris of Borth-y-Gest added that on a plea of autrefois acquit it must be considered whether the crime charged in the later indictment is the same, or in effect the same, as the crime charged in the former indictment and it is immaterial that the facts under examination or the witnesses called in the later proceedings are the same as those in the earlier proceedings. \par \par It is inescapable on the facts in this appeal, that although the factual background was the same for both the internal prison disciplinary procedures and the charges laid under the }{\fs22\insrsid13978868 Penal }{\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid12221899 Code, the offences themselves are quite different. For that reason had it been necessary to consider this particular ground on its own the appeal would have failed.}{\b\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid12221899 \par \par }{\b\fs22\ul\insrsid13978868\charrsid12221899 Conclusion}{\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid12221899 \par The appeal succeeds. The convictions entered and sentences passed on the }{\fs22\insrsid13978868 Appellant}{\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid12221899 in the Magistrates}{\fs22\insrsid13978868 \rquote }{\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid12221899 Court are quashed because the errors of law discussed in this judgment and the entire proceeding is declared a nullity. \par \par }\pard \qr \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13978868 {\b\fs22\insrsid13978868 }{\i\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid14167236 Appeal allowed}{\b\i\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid14167236 .}{ \b\i\fs22\insrsid13978868 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13978868 {\b\i\fs22\insrsid13978868 \par }\pard \qr \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13978868 {\fs22\insrsid13978868 Kamni Naidu and Marie Chan}{\fs22\insrsid13978868\charrsid1011749 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13978868 {\b\fs22\insrsid13978868 \sect }\sectd \pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn1800\margrsxn1800\margtsxn1440\margbsxn1440\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj \pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid1972231 \par }}