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\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs16\cgrid0\insrsid8421204 \tab }{\fs16\insrsid8421204 Siga Lesumailau & Sikeli Tamani v State (CA)}{\insrsid8421204 \tab }{\field{\*\fldinst {\cs17\fs16\insrsid8421204\charrsid933470  PAGE }
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\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 Court of Appeal Criminal Appellate Jurisdiction
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\cellx8748\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid13595567 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428\charrsid12996428 16, 22 November, 2001 \cell }\pard 
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\clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2628\clshdrawnil \cellx2520\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6228\clshdrawnil \cellx8748\row }\pard\plain 
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\par }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 Robbery with violence \endash  appeal against conviction and sentence \endash  direction to assessors and Judge on the standard and burden of proof \endash  whether verdict u
nreasonable and not supported by the evidence - whether confession involuntary \endash  whether failure to caution A2 on his rights in an identification parade unfair - 6 year sentence within range - Penal Code ss293(1)
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12996428 \fs24\lang3081\langfe3081\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp3081 {\i\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
\par Evidence - whether identification required corroboration \endash  fairness of holding identification parade - whether direction to assessors should include direction for provocation - weight to be placed on alibi witness 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
\par The Appellants appealed against convicti
on and sentence for robbery of a university during enrolment period. A1 appealed on the grounds that the trial Judge failed to direct the assessors and himself adequately on the standard and burden of proof, that the verdict was unreasonable and not suppo
rted by the evidence, and that a confession was not voluntary and should have been excluded by the trial Judge.}{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
The Court found that the facts did not support a call for a direction on provocation.}{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 The Court found that the trial Judge}{
\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid12996428 '}{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 s summing up on standard and burden of proof was discharged fairly. The Court found A1}{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid12996428 '}{
\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 s complaint that a student}{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid12996428 '}{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
s evidence of positive identification needed no further corroboration as it had a ring of truth and was supported by A1}{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid12996428 '}{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
s own admissions of waiting by the notice 
board and the colour of clothing he wore that day. A1 claimed a confession he gave to police was extracted by assault. The Court found a cut above the eye unexplained by the State. However, it accepted that the assessors and trial Judge all found A1 guilt
y.}{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
A2 appealed on the ground that the identity parade was not conducted fairly, as he was singled out among a lineup of university students. However, A2 did not cross-examine a witness who appeared in the line up. The Court commented on the need for scrupu
lous fairness, especially where the prosecution case on identification rests almost entirely on evidence of one witness.}{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
A2 was given an opportunity to decline to take part in the identification parade, but agreed to take part, exchange clothes and his place in the line up and}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428  }{
\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 did not raise any objection to the line up at the time.}{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
The Court assessed the situation as far different from one where there was difficultly assembling suitable personnel late at night.}{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
Accordingly, the Court found A2}{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid12996428 '}{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 s complaint
 that he was not cautioned about his rights in an identity parade without merit. A2 complained that the trial Judge did not give sufficient weight to his alibi witness, but the Court found the trial Judge}{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid12996428 '
}{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 s summing up, raising a discrepancy and uncertainty
 regarding time legitimate. The Court found 6 year sentences were within the range for a well-planned robbery and dismissed both appeals against sentence and conviction. }{\b\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 Held \endash }{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428  (1) The facts did not call for a direction to assessors on provocation. 
The summing up by the trial Judge on the standard and burden of proof was fair.
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13068142 {\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid13068142 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 (2) Evidence of a student who knew A1 and gave a positive identification of his presence at the scene and involvement in the crime need not be corroborated, where the evidence 
has a ring of truth, and confirmed by A1}{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid12996428 '}{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 s own admissions.
\par }{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid13068142 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 (3) Identity parades must be conducted with scrupulous fairness, especially where the prosecution case on identification rests almost entirely on evidence of one witness.}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428  }{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 The only satisfactory meth
od of identification where a suspect or suspects are paraded is where the suspect or suspects are placed amongst a sufficiently large number of persons of similar age, build, clothing, and condition of life, and the witness is then asked, without promptin
g or assistance, to recognise the offender. A2 did not raise any objection to the line up at the time, and was given an opportunity to exchange clothes and his place in the line up.
\par }{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid13068142 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 (4) Sentences of 6 years for a well-planned robbery, and where Appellants both have prior convictions were within the range of tariff for this kind of offence.}{
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\par Appeals against conviction and sentence dismissed.
\par 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 Case referred to in Judgment
\par }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid13068142 
\par }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 R.v Jeffries }{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 [1949] NZLR 595
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Appellants in person
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\b\caps\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6893955\charrsid6893955 judgment}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6893955\charrsid6893955 \cell }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {
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\ts19\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid6893955\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl 
\clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2268\clshdrawnil \cellx2160\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6588\clshdrawnil \cellx8748\row }\pard 
\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12996428 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 Sheppard, Tompkins, Smellie, JJA}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644 
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6893955\charrsid12996428 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 On the 15th of October 2000 after a trial in the High Court both Appellants were found guilty of robbery with violence contrary to {\*\bkmkstart s293_1_a_PC_Siga_Lesumailau_Tamani_v_S}
section 293(1)(a) {\*\bkmkend s293_1_a_PC_Siga_Lesumailau_Tamani_v_S}of the Penal Code (Cap. 17).}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
\par 
\par Both appeal against conviction and sentence.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
The grounds of the conviction appeals are of course different but the common ground on sentence is simply that the terms of imprisonment imposed were excessive.
\par 
\par The factual circumstances giving rise to the trial and conviction of both accused are, however, the same.
\par 
\par }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 The factual background}{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6893955\charrsid12996428 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 On the 17th
 of July 1998 students at the University of the South Pacific with surnames commencing A-D were due to enroll and pay their fees at about 1.30 pm in a lecture room in the School of Development.
\par 
\par University staff were on hand to record the enrolments and collect the fees.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
For this purpose tills and money boxes had been taken to the designated room.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 A security guard was also on duty.
\par 
\par Enrolments had barely begun when a group of men wearing balaclavas and armed with cane knives broke into the room and commenced to collect money and tills and make off with them.
\par 
\par One of the men who was armed with a knife was confronted by the security guard while the others were collecting the tills and the money.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 Both students and staff were shocked and intimidated.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
The raid lasted only a few moments and the group of four or five men then ran to a white van parked nearby and escaped.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
They were pursued by the security guard and some students but none was apprehended.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
Approximately $52,000 in cash and cheques was stolen.
\par 
\par }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 The States}{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428 '}{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 s case against Lesumailau}{
\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6893955\charrsid12996428 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 The prosecution called evidence to show first that a student who had been a neighbour of Lesumailau for seven years had positively identified him as one of th
e robbers. While waiting in a queue outside the enrolling room she had observed Lesumailau close to a notice board.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
At that time he was not wearing a balaclava.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
She observed what he was wearing and was able to describe accurately his shoes, trousers and shirt.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
Minutes later she saw him standing on a table in the enrolling room grabbing cash and a till or tills.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
By then his face was covered by a balaclava but the witness was able to identify him by the clothing he was wearing. 
\par 
\par Subsequently when interviewed some two days after the robbery Lesumailau admitted his involvement and that he had participated in the division of the stolen cash.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
\par 
\par }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 Lesumailau}{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428 '}{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 s grounds of appeal (conviction)
}{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6893955\charrsid12996428 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 Lesumailau}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
s grounds of appeal in respect of conviction may be summarised as follows:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6893955 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6893955\charrsid12996428 
\par }\pard\plain \s18\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6893955 \f29\fs24\lang1033\langfe3081\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp3081 {\f0\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 1.}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid6893955  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 The trial Judge failed to direct the assessors and himself adequately on the standard and burden of proof required.}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 This included a complaint that the following were not mentioned }{\f0\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid12996428 "}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 Provocation, compulsion, coercion, self-defence, necessity, consent, accident of (sic) mistake of fact.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid12996428 "}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
\par 2.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid6893955  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 Verdict unreasonable and not supported by the evidence.
\par 3.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid6893955  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 Confession not voluntary and should have been excluded by the trial Judge.
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12996428 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
\par As to the first ground - failure to direct adequately on standard and burden of proof.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
First, the alleged failure to direct on provocation etc is entirely without substance or merit.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
The facts of this case did not call for directions on any of those matters.
\par 
\par On the general obligation to direct on the standard and burden of proof we are satisfied on considering the terms of the summing up that the learned trial Judge discharged his obligations}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 fully and fairly in that regard.
\par 
\par The second ground - verdict unreliable and not supported by evidence - has two aspects.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 First the Appellant
 complains that the evidence of the student who knew him and gave a positive identification of his presence at the scene and involvement in the crime was not corroborated.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 In law it did not have to be.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 Th
e assessors and the Judge were fully entitled to accept that identification evidence without other evidence to back it up. Reading the record the evidence has the ring of truth - the witness was not shaken by the accused}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 s cross-examination.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 In addition, however, there is some confirmation of the witness}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 s evidence in that during the interview with the police Lesumailau described his clothing on the day exactly as the witness recalled it.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 Further he admitted to waiting outside the room by a notice board immediately before the robbery commenced.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 That also was confirmed by the student witness.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 This ground clearly fails.
\par 
\par The final ground is more troublesome.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 Lesumailau was interviewed from 3.30 pm on the 18th of July 1998 to 5.10 pm on the 19th
 of July.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
135 questions and answers were recorded. Up to question and answer 35 Lesumailau denied involvement, however, at question and answer 36 there was a dramatic change.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 They read as follows: }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6893955\charrsid12996428 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12996428 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 Q36:\tab 
What can you say about the statement that you have given above?
\par A36:\tab They are all false.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12996428 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
\par From then on the Appellant admitted his involvement and from about question 73 the interview rather moved away from Lesumailau}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
s personal involvement to a search for information regarding the other offenders.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 Right at the end the Appellant
 confirmed he had read his statement and then there is recorded question and answer 133 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6893955\charrsid12996428 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12996428 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
Q133: Were you forced to give this interview statement?
\par A133:\tab No.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12996428 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
\par Lesumailau objected to the statement being adduced in evidence on the ground that it was not voluntary and had been forced out of him by assault.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 The Judge ran a trial within a trial and declined to exclude it.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 The principles the Judge applied were impeccable but his analysis of the evidence was, with respect, somewhat limited.
\par 
\par Be that as it may, however, Lesumailau presented his allegations of assault before the assessors and again in the short one line address he delivered to them before they retired to consider their verdict.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 In his evidence Lesumailau said that he was assaulted by four police officers all of whom he named.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 Not all were called by the State but the interviewing officer and the officer who took Lesumailau}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 s charge statement at 5.45 pm on the 19th of July denied any assault, or other improper pressure.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
Lesumailau said he was punched above the eye sustaining a wound which bled and that he was forced to kneel with his hands behind his head and was kicked and punched about the body.
\par 
\par It appears that after the charge was read the Appellant was formally charged before the Magistrate}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
s Court and then taken to prison.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
On admission at the prison the receiving officer gave instructions he was to be taken to hospital for attention to the cut over his eye.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 At the hospital the cut was dressed but no stitches were required and no other injuries were seen or complained of.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
\par 
\par In the end the point of time, during the 26 hours occupied by the interview, at which the denials ceased and the admissions commenced cannot be ascertained.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 The cut above the eye which must have occurred while the Appellant was in police custody remains unexplained by the State.
\par 
\par All this, however, was before the assessors in evidence and they would have clearly understood Lesumailau}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 s contentions.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 The Judge of course had heard them twice and drew attention to them in his summing up to the assessors as follows:}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6893955\charrsid12996428 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12996428 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 Now we come [to] 
the second accused, Siga Lesumailau.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
He confessed in his interview as well as in the Charge Statement of taking part in this robbery.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
Gentlemen assessors you are not required to decide whether the interview and the Charge statement are admissible in evidence or should be admitted in evidence but to decide what weight to be given to the evidence.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 You have to decide whether the confessions are true.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 The accused had cross-examined police that he was assaulted.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 The police denied it.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 Siga Lesumailau had elected to re
main silent, as he was quite entitled to do that.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12996428 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
\par In the end the assessors and the Judge all agreed that Lesumailau was guilty.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
The inference can be drawn that they were prepared, in whole or in part, to treat the confession as true and reliable.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 Revie
wing the matter on appeal we are satisfied it would not be proper for us to take a different view.
\par 
\par Lesumailau}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 s appeal against conviction is dismissed.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
\par 
\par }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 The State}{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428 '}{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 s claim against Tamani}{
\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6893955\charrsid12996428 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 Tamani made no admissions.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
He was, however, identified by the security guard as the man who had confronted him with a cane knife.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
The guard contended that Tamani}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 s face, unlike that of the other robbers, was not covered.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 The guard said Tamani was the man he threw his stapler, radio telephone and a chair at.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 Tamani was also the man the guard said he chased to the white van outside and kicked in the face.
\par 
\par The guard}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 s subsequent identification of Tamani took place first at an identity parade held on the 23rd
 of July 1988 - 6 days after the robbery.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 The security guard identified Tamani at the parade apparently without difficulty.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 The guard again identified Tamani on a second occasion at the Magistrates}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428 '}
{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428  Court.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
On both occasions witnesses swore that Tamani threatened the guard saying }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 I will see you}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
Tamani admitted the words but put an innocent construction upon them.
\par 
\par The State}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 s case rested entirely upon this identification.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
\par 
\par }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 Tamani}{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428 '}{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 s grounds of appeal (conviction)}{
\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6893955\charrsid12996428 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 Tamani}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
s major ground was that the identity parade was not conducted fairly and properly.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 He contend
ed that the persons he was lined up with were all students from the University and probably known to the security guard.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
He put it this way in the submissions that he obtained leave to submit when he appeared in person on this appeal:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6893955\charrsid12996428 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12996428 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 The identification 
parade was unreliable and unfair because all people involved were from the USP Campus, excluding myself.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
All people in the parade excluding myself were USP students including the Identifying Witness (Nawal Prakash) who is a Security Officer at USP.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 Your 
Lordship, there is strong possibility that the Identifying Witness knows everybody at least by face in the parade - I was the only outsider in that parade... this is not fair Your Lordship....
\par 
\par Your Lordship, Police Officers just picked students from USP for the parade whereas the Identifying Witness was also from USP.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
There is strong possibility that the Identifying Witness (Nawal Prakash) knows all the nine USP students in the parade, at least by face.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 This is not fair Your Lordship.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12996428 {\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 The guard}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 s evide
nce given at the trial was that he had worked at the University for nine years and that his job was to look after the general security of the complex.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 He was cross-examined by Tamani but not asked if he recognised any or all of the others in the line up as students.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 The guard was adamant that he had seen Tamani}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 s fac}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6893955 e and was able to identify him.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
\par 
\par The Appellant called a witness who was a student and whose evidence is to be found at p.72 of the record.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 The evidence reads:}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6893955\charrsid12996428 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12996428 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 On 23/7/98 I was in identification parade.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 One Indo-Fijian man conducted the parade.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 I was at USP.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 One police asked }{
\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 us}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428  to go to Central Police Station for the parade.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 Police just asked }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 us}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 .}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 So }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 we}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428  went to Central Police Station.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
During the parade I gave Accused 1 (i.e. Tamani) my }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 T}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428  shirt.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 Before the change you were talking to police.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 Police asked me if I could}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 change clothes with Accused 1.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428 " }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 (emphasis added)
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12996428 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
\par The prosecution did not cross-examine or challenge that evidence and neither did the other two accused.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 It is clear al
so that having called him, Tamani did not ask him to elaborate his use of the words }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 us}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428  and }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 we}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428  (which we have underlined) in his evidence.
\par 
\par So clearly one person in the line up of nine people plus the accused was a student and the inference may be drawn from the student}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 s evidence that at least one other was also.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
Whether there were more and whether the guard was able to recognise them as students, however, is mere speculation.
\par 
\par It is well established that identity parades must be conducted with scrupulous fairness - especially in a case such as this where the prosecution case rests almost entirely if not entirely on the evidence of one witness.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 In the third New Zealand edition of }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 Cross on Evidence}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428  at pages 59 and 60 the learned author records that }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
the police must act with exemplary fairness.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
It would be wrong, for example, for a parade to be so composed that none of the other men in the parade could possibly be mistaken for the suspect.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428 " }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 The authority cited for that statement is the decision of the Court of Appeal of New Zealand in }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
{\*\bkmkstart R_v_Jeffries_Siga_Lesumailau_Tam_v_State}R.v Jeffries }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 {\*\bkmkend R_v_Jeffries_Siga_Lesumailau_Tam_v_State}[1949] NZLR 595.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 In the headnote the following is recorded:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6893955\charrsid12996428 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12996428 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
The only satisfactory method of identification where a suspect or suspects are paraded is where the suspect or suspects are placed amongst a suffi
ciently large number of persons of similar age, build, clothing, and condition of life, and the witness is then asked, without prompting or assistance, to recognise the offender.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 Such methods as submitting the prisoner alone for scrutiny after arrest, poi
nting out the suspect, or otherwise conveying to the witness that the prisoner is the person suspected or charged, permitting the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 witness to see a photograph of the prisoner after arrest and before scrutiny, and parading the suspect with others not one of
 whom could possibly be mistaken for him, are not only unsatisfactory but unfair.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12996428 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
\par The circumstances giving rise to the Jeffries case are dramatically set out in the judgment of the court delivered by O}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
Leary CJ at p.602 commencing at line 40.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6893955\charrsid12996428 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12996428 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 In the p
resent case, what was termed an }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 identification parade}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428  consisted of the two accused being placed in a room along with eight other men, all in civilian clothes, but seven of whom were policemen.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 The two accused had bloodstains on their clothes, and one ce
rtainly had blood on his hands, and it was said that their clothes were old.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
Before being called on to identify, Williams had been informed that the two men had been arrested.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
All the details of the circumstances of the identification were freely given b
y the Detective chiefly concerned, and there is no doubt that the method adopted was not in accordance with the recognized practice, but possibly was contributed to by the fact that it took place some time about midnight, when the assembling of suitable p
ersonnel would be difficult.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
The only satisfactory method of identification where suspects are paraded is where the suspect or suspects are placed amongst a sufficiently large number of persons of similar age, build, clothing, and condition of life, and th
e witness is then asked, without prompting or assistance, to recognise the offender...}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 .
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12996428 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
\par The evidence in this appeal falls well short of the situation exposed in the }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 Jeffries case}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 .}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 Furthermore the challenges now made were not advanced during the hearing.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }
{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 Had we been able to see from the record that more than 2 of the nine people who lined up with the Appellant could have been students, we may have been prepared to set the verdict aside.
}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 But the record does not so disclose and there was no application to call further evidence to support such a proposition.
\par 
\par In the absence of a challenge during the trial we are satisfied that the learned Judge}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
s direction to the assessors and himself on the care to be taken in respect of identification was adequate.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 The Judge said:}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6893955\charrsid12996428 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12996428 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
Gentlemen assessors the vital issue in the case of Accused 1, Sikeli Tamani ... is of identification....}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
Was the accused, Sikeli Tamani, properly identified by the witness, Nawal Prakash.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
I must therefore warn you of the special need for caution before convicting in reliance on the correctness of the identification.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 The reason for this is that it is quite possible for an honest witness to make a mistaken identification and notorious miscarriages of justice have occurred as a result. You must 
examine carefully the circumstances in which the identification by the witnesses were made.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
How long the accused was under observation?}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 At what distance?}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 In what light?}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 Was the observation impeded in any way?}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 Had the witness ever seen the accused before?}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 If so, how often,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
If only occasionally, had the witness any special reason for remembering the accused persons?}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 How long elapsed between t
he original observation and the subsequent identification to the police.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12996428 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12996428 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 Gentlemen assessors in your opinion h
as the prosecution proved beyond reasonable doubt that the accused, Sikeli Tamani, was one of the men in this robbery at USP.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
Did the prosecution witness properly identify him?}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 Nawal Prakash said he was certain Sikeli Tamani was one of the men in this ro
bbery and he drove the van.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
If you have reached those conclusions as I have stated you should find the accused, Sikeli Tamani, guilty on both the counts as charged.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 If you are left in any reasonable doubt Sikeli Tamani is entitled to the benefit of the doubt and should be acquitted.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12996428 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
\par This limb of the identification aspect of the appeal therefore fails.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
\par 
\par The other limb of the Appellant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
s complaint regarding the identification parade was recorded by him in his written submissions as follows:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6893955\charrsid12996428 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12996428 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 2. \tab Your Lo
rdship, the Identification Parade was unfair and unreliable:
\par Nawal Prakash who was the Security Officer at USP at the time of the robbery was the Identifying Witness (please see Pon Sami Chetty}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 s statement on page 46-47) Nawal Prakash has been a Security at USP for 9 years (please see his statement page 44).}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 Nawal Prakash didn}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
t say that he had seen me or had known me }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 before}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428  the day of the Identification Parade.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 Nawal Prakash didn}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 t say in his statement before the day of the Identification Parade that he saw me on the day of the robbery.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12996428 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12996428 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
Your Lordship, this clearly shows that Nawal Prakash has no knowledge at all about myself }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 before}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
 the day of the Identification Parade.
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6893955 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
\par (a)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 \tab Referring to my caution interview }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 before}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428  the Identification Parade on page 91:
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid12996428 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 question 43 states: \tab 
One witness states that you were seen clearly driving the car registration number }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 BD 680}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428  from USP at the time of the robbery.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 Is it true?
\par 
\par question 44 states: \tab Do you want to be put into an }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 identification parade}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428  for the witness who saw you on Friday 17/7/98 to come and see you?
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12996428 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12996428 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
Your Lordship, these questions (43 and 44) clearly indicates that the Identifying Witness has already known me or has already seen me }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 before}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428  the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 identification parade}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
It also clearly indicates that the interviewing Police Officers were quite sure that the Identifying Witness (Nawal Prakash) was gonna point me out at the parade... this is not fair Your Lordship.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12996428 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12996428 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 Your Lordship, based on these two questions (43 & 44) there was no need for an }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 identification parade.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428 ' }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 I went to the identification parade because I was innocent.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
If I knew my right, I wouldn}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 t have gone to the parade.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12996428 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12996428 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 Your Lordship, I wasn}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 t cautioned about the Identification Parade, I was denied my right (please check my caution interview on page 91 - 92 and Pon Sami}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428 '
}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 s statement page 46 - 47)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428 "}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12996428 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
\par The officer who conducted the identity parade had been a police officer at that time for 25 years.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
He arranged a line up of nine people and had Tamani brought to join the panel.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 In his evidence whic
h is recorded at p.46 of the record he said }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 I called nine people for the parade.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 They were in a line at the rear of the Central Police Station.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 Accused 1, Tamani, was brought to the parade by a police officer.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 I asked Tamani if he had any objection.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 A
ccused said he had no objection.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 I asked Accused 1 where he wanted to stand in the parade.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 I had explained the reason for the parade.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 Accused 1 said he wanted to be No. 8.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
Accused 1 stood as No. 8 in the parade.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
\par 
\par Before the actual identification occurred Tamani was given the opportunity to shift at his request from No. 8 to No. 7 and to exchange his shirt with another person in the parade.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 As earlier recorded the witness Prakash identified him apparently without difficulty. 
\par 
\par The question of running an identity parade was raised with the Appellant while he was being interviewed by the same officer who conducted the parade.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 What was discussed is to be found in the record at p.91 where questions and answers from 43-45 are relevant.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 They read as follows:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6893955 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6893955\charrsid12996428 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 Q43:\tab One witness stated that you seen clearly driving the car registration number BD680 from USP at the time of the robbery.
}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 Is that true?
\par A43:\tab That witness is lying.
\par Q44:\tab Do you want to be put into an identification parade for the witness who saw you on Friday, 17/7/98, to come and see you at the time of the robbery?
\par A44:\tab Yes.
\par Q45:\tab You are now about to be taken to the Identification Parade.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 Do you want to change your clothes?
\par A45:\tab I would like my white jacket to be taken off so I could just wear my white T-shirt with my shoes.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12996428 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
\par The statement in the Appellant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 s written submission set out earlier that the security officer did not say }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 that he}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 d seen me or knew me before the day of the identification parade on the 27th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 , is of course not correct.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 The witness}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428  clear evidence was that he had seen Tamani at the scene of the crime and that he had been one of the robbers involved.
\par 
\par We are also of the view that Tamani}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 s complaint t
hat the two questions at 43 and 44 indicated that the officer concerned already knew that Prakash would identify Tamani is not correct.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 The full record of what occurred as set out above indicates in our view that Tamani was given a fair opportunity to decline to be involved in the identification parade.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
Furthermore he had the opportunity of seeing the other nine participants before he made his decision of choosing where he wished to stand in the line and what clothing he would wear.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 In our judgment in relation to the matters discussed under this limb Tamani was treated fairly and his complaint that he was not }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428 "}
{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 cautioned about the identification parade}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428  and }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 was denied his rights}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428  cannot be sustained.
\par 
\par Mr Tamani}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 s final point was that the Judge did not give adequate weight to his alibi witness. 
What the witness said is to be found at p.73 of the record and reads as follows:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6893955\charrsid12996428 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12996428 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
There was a robbery at USP.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 I came to know about this case in }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 FIJI TIMES}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 .}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 I saw Accused 1 in town that day.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 I was with Accused 1 in town on that particular day till about 2.00 p.m. to 3.00 p.m.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 I went with Accused 1 to drink at Moti Street.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
I saw Accused in town before 9 o}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 clock.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 You were selling marijuana around town.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
I had first seen you near fish market.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 We got pretty drunk.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 I do not know what happened.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 I woke up next morning.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 I was drinking with you in the ground near Moti Street.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12996428 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
\par Cross-examined by the State prosecutor the witness said:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6893955\charrsid12996428 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12996428 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
I drank with the Accused 1 on 17/7/98.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 The time was 2.00 p.m. or 3.00 p.m.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428 
 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 We went after 2.00 p.m.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 I do not know the exact time.

\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12996428 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12996428 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 I was also selling marijuana when I met Accused 1.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 I met again later in the afternoon.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 Accused 1 was having lunch about 1.00 p.m.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
I know Accused 1 well.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 He is my friend.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 I do not want Accused 1 [Page 72] to go to prison.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
I do not like to protect Accused 1.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12996428 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
\par Of that evidence in his summing up the Judge said (record p.25):}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6893955\charrsid12996428 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12996428 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
Isikeli Tamani has brought a witness, Vilikesa Buadromo (DW4) to say that he was elsewhere at the time of robbery.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
Vilikesa said he was in town with Sikeli Tamani selling marijuana.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 He said he saw Tamani before nine o}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 clock.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 Vilikesa was not sure of the time.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
The evidence of Vilikesa could not be true because Tamani in his interview said he was at home in Verata, Tailevu.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 Tamani 
said he left home at nine o}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 clock.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 The defence of alibi simply means that the accused says that he was somewhere else at the material time. But the burden of proof is on the prosecution.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 The accused does not have to prove that he was elsewhere; on the contrary it is for the prosecution to disprove alibi.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
If you conclude that the alibi was false that does not of itself entitle you to convict the accused, the prosecution must establish the guilt.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12996428 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
\par The Judge}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 s comments were temperate. It was legitimate to draw the assessor}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
s attention to the discrepancy and uncertainty regarding time and it will be observed that the Judge refrained from commenting on the fact that this particular witness on his own evidence had been drinking heavily on the day in question. 
This ground of appeal also fails.
\par 
\par }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 The sentence appeals}{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6893955\charrsid12996428 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 The maximum penalty for the offence of which the Appellants were convicted is life imprisonment. This was a well-planned robbery and both Appellant
s have prior convictions for similar offending.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
Terms of imprisonment of 6 years were well within the range open to the learned Judge.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
They cannot be described in the circumstances as excessive.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996428  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 The sentence appeals are also dismissed.
\par 
\par }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 Conclusion}{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6893955\charrsid12996428 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 Having looked carefully and anxiously at all the Appellant
s have had to say the court is unanimous in its view that both the appeals against conviction and sentence fail and they are accordingly dismissed.
\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 
\par Appeal fails.
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6893955 \fs24\lang3081\langfe3081\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp3081 {\insrsid6427644\charrsid12996428 Marie Chan}{
\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid1972231\charrsid6893955 
\par }}