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{\nofchars5226}{\*\company Pacific Legal Information Institue}{\nofcharsws6230}{\vern24689}}\widowctrl\ftnbj\aenddoc\noxlattoyen\expshrtn\noultrlspc\dntblnsbdb\nospaceforul\hyphcaps0\formshade\horzdoc\dgmargin\dghspace180\dgvspace180\dghorigin1440 \dgvorigin1008\dghshow1\dgvshow1\jexpand\viewkind4\viewscale100\pgbrdrhead\pgbrdrfoot\splytwnine\ftnlytwnine\htmautsp\nolnhtadjtbl\useltbaln\alntblind\lytcalctblwd\lyttblrtgr\lnbrkrule\nobrkwrptbl\snaptogridincell\allowfieldendsel\wrppunct \asianbrkrule\rsidroot3477802\newtblstyruls\nogrowautofit \fet0{\*\ftnsep \pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid7366948 \chftnsep \par }}{\*\ftnsepc \pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid7366948 \chftnsepc \par }}{\*\aftnsep \pard\plain \ql 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\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6228\clshdrawnil \cellx8748\row }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7366948 \fs24\lang3081\langfe3081\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp3081 {\b\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid3477802\charrsid7366948 \par }{\i\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid3477802\charrsid7366948 Debt recovery - appeal from judgment of Magistrates}{\i\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid7366948 '}{\i\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid3477802\charrsid7366948 Court rejecting defences \endash swindling - dishonest conduct - credibility of witnesses \endash whether appellate court can interfere with findings of fact reached by Magistrates}{\i\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid7366948 '}{ \i\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid3477802\charrsid7366948 Court \par \par Bankruptcy \endash receiving order \endash whether consent of Official Receiver required \endash - whether the debt was within section 9 of the Bankruptcy Act \endash whether Respondent seeking to recover twice from Official Receiver and from Court - Bankruptcy Act ss9(1), 13 \par \par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7366948 \f179\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3477802\charrsid7366948 The Magistrates}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7366948 '}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3477802\charrsid7366948 Court awarded judgment to the Respondent on a claim that the Appellant s obtained $14,000 from uneducated or gullible persons such as the Respondent by promising to obtain visas for them to emigrate. The Magistrates}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7366948 '}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3477802\charrsid7366948 Court found the Appellants conducted improper and dubious practices.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7366948 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3477802\charrsid7366948 The Appellants appealed the findings on the grounds that the resident magistrate erred in not accepting A1}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7366948 '}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3477802\charrsid7366948 s plea of }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3477802\charrsid7366948 non est factum}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3477802\charrsid7366948 in respect of a returned cheque, that A2 had a receiving order against him, that by filing proof of debt with the office of the Official Receiver, the Responden t was hoping to recover twice. The appellate Court issued interim stay of execution of joint on 7 February 2000, extended on 3 further occasions. It ordered written submissions. The appellate Court declined to interfere with findings of fact which were op en to the resident magistrate to reach. The appellate Court found the appeal wholly unarguable and devoid of merit. \par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7366948 \fs24\lang3081\langfe3081\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp3081 {\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid3477802\charrsid7366948 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid3477802\charrsid7366948 Held\endash }{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid3477802\charrsid7366948 (1) The debt in question was incurred by A2 four years after a receiving order was made. It was not, in the words of the section 9 of the Bankruptcy Act a debt }{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid7366948 "}{ \lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid3477802\charrsid7366948 to which the debtor is subject at the date of the receiving order}{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid7366948 "}{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid3477802\charrsid7366948 and accordingly}{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid7366948 section 9 has no application.}{\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid3477802 \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7366948 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid7366948 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3477802\charrsid7366948 (2) An appellate court will decline to interfere with findings of fact reached by the Resident Magistrate in rejecting the first Appellant}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7366948 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3477802\charrsid7366948 s plea of }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7366948 "}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3477802\charrsid7366948 non est factum}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7366948 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3477802\charrsid7366948 , or in finding that the case rested on the credibility of witnesses,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3477802\charrsid7366948 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3477802\charrsid7366948 which were reasonably open to her and were reached without misdirection.\~ \par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7366948 \fs24\lang3081\langfe3081\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp3081 {\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid3477802\charrsid7366948 \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7366948 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3477802\charrsid7366948 Obiter dictum \endash there is no good reason to prevent a list of gazetted receiving orders published as required by section 13 of the Bankruptcy Act being available for inspection at the office of the Official Receiver for the protection of the public.\~ The present system is wholly ineffective and should be replaced. \par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7366948 \fs24\lang3081\langfe3081\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp3081 {\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid3477802\charrsid7366948 \par No cases referred to in Judgment \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid3477802\charrsid7366948 \par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7366948 \f179\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3477802\charrsid7366948 Abhay K. Singh for the Appellants \par Subhas Parshotam with Rita Morris for the Respondent \par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7366948 \fs24\lang3081\langfe3081\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp3081 {\b\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid3477802\charrsid7366948 \par }\trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ts19\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid7366948\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol \clvertalt \clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2448\clshdrawnil \cellx2340\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6408\clshdrawnil \cellx8748\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid12602867 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7366948\charrsid7366948 12 November, 2001\cell }\pard \ql \li1332\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1332\pararsid7366948 {\b\caps\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7366948\charrsid7366948 judgment}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7366948\charrsid7366948 \cell }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7366948\charrsid7366948 \trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ts19\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid7366948\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol \clvertalt\clbrdrt \brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2448\clshdrawnil \cellx2340\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6408\clshdrawnil \cellx8748 \row }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7366948 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3477802\charrsid7366948 \par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3477802\charrsid7366948 Scott, J}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3477802 \par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7366948\charrsid7366948 \par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7366948 \f179\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3477802\charrsid7366948 The Appellant s were found by the Resident Magistrate (Ms. G. Phillips RM) to have engaged in a particularly nasty form of swindling which is unfortunately rather prevalent in Fiji. It consists of obtaining quite sizeable sums of money, here over $14,000, from uneducat ed or gullible persons by promising to obtain visas for them to emigrate. \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7366948 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3477802\charrsid7366948 \par The Respondent sued for the return of her money and was met by a number of defences which the Resident Magistrate rejected. \par \par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7366948 \f179\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3477802\charrsid7366948 In her judgment the Resident Magistrate stated: }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7366948 "}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3477802\charrsid7366948 the central issue in the case was one of credibility}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7366948 ".}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3477802\charrsid7366948 Having read the record I agree. The Resident Magistrate went on to say that she found the Respondent to be honest and truthful. By contrast she found the first Appellant to be evasive and the second Appellant to be a liar. Both Appellants gave the Resident Magistrate the overall impression that they conducted i}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7366948 mproper and dubious practices.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3477802\charrsid7366948 \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7366948 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3477802\charrsid7366948 \par Mr. Singh filed a concise and helpful written submission on 14 March 2001. His second ground of appeal may conveniently be taken first.\~ It was suggested that the Resident Magistrate erred in not accepting the first Appellant}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7366948 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3477802\charrsid7366948 s plea of }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7366948 "}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3477802\charrsid7366948 non est factum}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7366948 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3477802\charrsid7366948 in relation to a returned cheque which she had tendered to the Respondent. In my view the findings of fact reached by the Resident Magistrate on this issue were reasonably open to her and were reached without misdirection.\~ I decline to interfere with them. \par \par The next ground, which was the ground principally relied on by Mr. Singh arose from the fact that the second Appellant has a receiving order against him. In view of the grossly dishonest course of conduct which was proved against the Appellant s one may be forgiven once again for wondering what good reason there might be to prevent a list of gazetted receiving orders published as required by {\*\bkmkstart s13_Bankruptcy_Act_Padma_Wati_v_K_Devi}section 13 {\*\bkmkend s13_Bankruptcy_Act_Padma_Wati_v_K_Devi}of the Bankruptcy Act (Cap. 48-the Act) not being available for inspection at the office of the Official Receiver for the protection of the public.\~ The present system is wholly ineffective and should be replaced. \par \par Mr. Singh relied on {\*\bkmkstart s9_1_Bankruptcy_Act_Padma_Wati_v_K_Devi}section 9(1) {\*\bkmkend s9_1_Bankruptcy_Act_Padma_Wati_v_K_Devi}of the Act and suggested that the proceedings in the Magistrates}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7366948 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3477802\charrsid7366948 Court should not have been initiated without the consent of the Official Receiver. In answer, Ms. Morris who also filed a comprehensive and learned written submission suggested that since the debt in question was incurred by the second Appellant four yea rs after the receiving order was made it was not, in the words of the section a debt }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7366948 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3477802\charrsid7366948 to which the debtor is subject at the date of the receiving order}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7366948 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3477802\charrsid7366948 and that accordingly the section has no application.\~ I agree. \par \~ \par The final ground of appeal advanced by Mr. Singh arose from the fact that the Respondent had filed proof of the debt with the Official Receiver.\~ Mr. Singh argued that by also commencing proceedings in the Magistrates}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7366948 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3477802\charrsid7366948 Court the Respondent was hoping to recover twice. \par \~ \par In reply to my question Mr. Singh conceded that he was not aware that the Respondent had actually obtained anything from the Official Receiver.\~ The effect of dismissing this appeal will in any event be to prevent her proceeding further with that claim for the reasons already given. \par \~ \par Mr. Singh did his best to present an appeal\~which I find to be both wholly unarguable and quite devoid of merit.\~ The appeal fails and is dismissed.\~ The Respondent will have her costs to be summarily assessed or taxed if not agreed. \par \~ \par In view of the sorry facts revealed by this litigation I direct that a copy of this Judgment be sent to the Director of Public Prosecutions for such further action by him as may be advised. \par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3477802\charrsid7366948 \par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3477802\charrsid7366948 Appeal fails. \par \par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7366948 \fs24\lang3081\langfe3081\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp3081 {\insrsid3477802\charrsid7366948 Marie Chan}{ \lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid1972231\charrsid7366948 \par }}