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{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \qr \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13590452 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13590452 [2000] 1 FLR 289}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16606863 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13590452 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13590452 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13590452 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7935456 IN THE }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13590452\charrsid13590452 COURT OF APPEAL OF FIJI
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16606863 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8787014 PAULA MALO RADRODRO}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7699833\charrsid7699833 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16606863 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7699833\charrsid6973582 
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16606863 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7699833\charrsid7699833 STATE
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16606863 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7699833 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4663213 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4663213\charrsid4663213 Court of Appeal}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7935456  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4663213\charrsid4663213 Criminal Appellate Jurisdiction}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7699833 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4663213\charrsid4663213 Casey, Kapi and Handley, JJ
\par 17 November, 2000
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7935456 AAU0032/}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16606863 95}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13590452  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4663213\charrsid4663213 
(on appeal from HAA0098}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7935456 /}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13705173 9}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4663213\charrsid4663213 8L)
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7699833 
\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4663213\charrsid8787014 Rape - appeal against conviction and sentence - whether Magistrate erred in not granting appellant's request to have his 
case tried in the High Court - circumstances in which an appeal against sentence can be entertained by the Court - Court of Appeal Act }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16606863 (Cap 12) s22(1) and (}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6973582 1}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16606863 A) }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4663213\charrsid8787014 
- Electable Offences Decree 1988 s3 - Criminal Procedure Code (Cap 21) ss7(a), 308, 319(2); Penal Code ss149, 150
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7699833 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4663213\charrsid4663213 The appellant elected trial in the Magistrates' Court and after several adjournments, sought unsuccessfully to change his initial election an
d requested to try his case in the High Court. Prosecution did not elect to try the case in the High Court. The trial proceeded in the Magistrates' Court and the appellant was convicted and sentenced to }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16606863 5}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4663213\charrsid4663213  years imprisonment. On appeal, the High Court increased the sentence to 6 years.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7699833 
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7699833\charrsid7699833 Held}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7699833  - }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4663213\charrsid4663213 
(1) Where the accused was represented by counsel for some time and counsel did not request case to be tried in the High Court, there was no error in the exercise of discretion by the magistrate to refuse a change of election to the High Court.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4663213 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16606863\charrsid4663213 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16606863 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4663213\charrsid4663213 (2) The High Court could not increase a sen}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13590452 
tence on appeal to }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8787014 greater than}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4663213\charrsid4663213  Magistrates' Court maximum sentence of 5 years for rape.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4663213 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7935456\charrsid4663213 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7935456 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4663213\charrsid4663213 appl }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4663213\charrsid6973582 Eri Mateni v State}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6973582  [1999]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4663213\charrsid4663213  AAU0021}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5797671 /}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4663213\charrsid4663213 98S Judgment of 14 May, 1999.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4663213 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7699833 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4663213\charrsid4663213 
Increase in sentence was unlawful and in consequence an error of law. Appeal against conviction dismissed. Conviction confirmed. Sentence of 6 years set aside and sentence of 5 years restored.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8200844 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4663213\charrsid4663213 No other cases referred to in judgment
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8200844 
\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4663213\charrsid7935456 Appellant in person
\par Josaia K Naigulevu for the respondent
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8200844 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8200844 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4663213\charrsid4663213 17 November, 2000}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4663213\charrsid8200844 .}{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16606863 
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7935456 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16606863 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4663213\charrsid8200844 JUDGMENT}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4663213\charrsid4663213 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4663213 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8200844 
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4663213\charrsid13590452 Casey,}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4663213\charrsid5797671  }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4663213\charrsid5797671 Kapi and Handley, }{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8200844\charrsid5797671 JJ}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4663213\charrsid5797671 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16606863 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4663213\charrsid4663213 The appellant was convicted of the offence of rape contrary to sections 149 and 150 of the Penal Code (Cap 17) by the Magistrate's Cour
t at Lautoka and sentenced to 5 years imprisonment. He appealed in person to the High Court against his conviction only under s 308 of the Criminal Procedure Code (Cap. 21). The High Court dismissed his appeal against conviction but varied the sentence by
 increasing it to 6 years imprisonment.
\par 
\par The appellant appealed in person to this Court under s 22 of the Court of Appeal Act (Cap. 12)) against the dismissal of his appeal on conviction and sentence imposed by the High Court.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8200844 
\par }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8200844\charrsid8200844 App}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4663213\charrsid8200844 eal against Conviction
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8200844 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4663213\charrsid4663213 It
 is not necessary to set out the grounds of appeal against conviction as the appellant did not pursue these grounds in the hearing before us. We have examined the grounds of appeal and find that they raise questions of fact alone or mixed questions of fac
t and law and therefore do not come within the ambit of permissible grounds of "qu}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13590452 estions of law only" under s 22}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4663213\charrsid4663213 
(1) of the Court of Appeal Act (Cap. 12) (as amended).
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8200844 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4663213\charrsid4663213 The appellant however, raised a new ground of appeal in the hearing before us, namely, t
hat the Magistrate erred in not granting the request to have the case tried in the High Court (see s.3 Electable Offences Decree 1988}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1929646 )}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4663213\charrsid4663213 . Counsel for the respondent pointed out that the appellant did not raise this ground of appeal before the High Court and 
therefore he should not be permitted to raise it before us. The appellant in his brief written submissions argued that he did not raise this point in the High Court because he was not represented by counsel and as a layman, he did not appreciate the point
 and therefore he was not able to raise it.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8200844 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4663213\charrsid4663213 
He has been refused legal aid by the Legal Aid Commission and is not represented by counsel before us. In the circumstances, we should not determine the result of appeal against conviction on this point alone.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8787014 
\par 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4663213\charrsid4663213 C
ounsel for the respondent in the alternative, submitted that it was within the discretion of the Magistrate to grant or not to grant the application to try the case in the High Court on the second application. He further submitted that the Magistrate did 
not commit any error in refusing to grant the application in all the circumstances.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8200844 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4663213\charrsid4663213 The relevant facts on this point are these when this matter first came bef}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15218174 ore the Magistrate's Court on 20}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4663213\charrsid4663213 th June 1995, the appellant elected the Magistrate's Court for the
 trial of his case. When the appellant next appeared in Court on 3rd July 1995 he was represented by counsel. After several adjournments (at the request of the appellant's counsel), counsel for the appellant withdrew from the case on 19th August 1996. The
 appellant was directed by the Court to instruct another counsel. The appellant did not get new counsel and after many adjournments over a period of 14 months, the matter was finally listed for}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14885496  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4663213\charrsid4663213 hearing on 27th November 1997. At the hearing, the appellant changed his initial election and requested to try his case in the High Court. The Magistrate ruled:
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10577062 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15932667 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4663213\charrsid4663213 "Change denied. This case has been delayed due to accused's Counsel }{
\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4663213\charrsid2504403 and then withdrawal of Counsel.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4663213\charrsid4663213 
 The Prosecution have been ready for trial, which has been adjourned due to accused not having Counsel. It will be unfair on Complainant and Prosecution if matter is further adjourned for P.I. If Prosecution wish to request for PI then Court will}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10577062  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4663213\charrsid4663213 have no discretion. Court does not at this stag}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15932667 e see the need for comm}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4663213\charrsid4663213 ittal (S224)"
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4663213 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10577062 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4663213\charrsid4663213 The Prosecution did not elect to try the case in the High Court and the case proceeded to trial in the Magistrate's Court.
\par 
\par Counsel for the respondent submitted that having regard 
to the long delay caused by the appellant in having this matter listed for trial, the Magistrate correctly exercised his discretion in denying the application. There is no suggestion by the appellant that he did not understand the nature of his choice whe
n
 he first elected trial in the Magistrate's Court. He had legal representation in the Magistrate's Court and at no stage did his counsel request for the case to be tried in the High Court. In the circumstances, we cannot find any error in the exercise of 
discretion by the Magistrate. In the result we would dismiss this ground of appeal.
\par 
\par }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4663213\charrsid10577062 Sentence
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8787014 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7935456 Section 22}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14885496 (1}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4663213\charrsid4663213 
A) of the Court of Appeal Act (Cap. 12) (as amended by s 4 of the Court of Appeal (Amendment) Act 1998) provides that "no appeal lies in respect of a 
sentence imposed by the High Court in its appellate jurisdiction unless the appeal is on the ground that the sentence was unlawful one or was passed in consequence of an error of law".
\par 
\par In the present case, the High Court on appeal from the Magistrate's Court increased the sentence of 5 years to 6 years. Counsel for the respondent has conceded that while the High Court has jurisdiction to increase a sentence on}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10577062  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4663213\charrsid4663213 appeal from the Magistrate's Court, it is limited to the imposition of sentence to the maximum ap
plicable to the Magistrate's Court u}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13590452 nder s 319}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5323294 (2) of the Criminal}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4663213  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4663213\charrsid4663213 Procedure Code (Cap 21). The maximum sentence a Magistrate may impose for }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13590452 rape is 5 years (see sections 7}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4663213\charrsid4663213 (a) of the Criminal Procedure Code (Cap. 21). This same point was conceded by the Director of Public Prosecutions in si}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8787014 
milar circumstances in }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8787014\charrsid6973582 Eri Maten}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4663213\charrsid6973582 i v The State}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4663213\charrsid4663213  (Unreported Judgment of the Fiji Court of Appeal dated 14th May 1999).
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10577062 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4663213\charrsid4663213 We find that the sentence of 6 years was an unlawful one passed in consequence of an error of law. We allow the appeal in respect of sentence.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10577062 
\par }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4663213\charrsid8787014 Orders
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4663213\charrsid4663213 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15932667 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4663213\charrsid4663213 Appeal against conviction dism}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14885496 
issed and conviction confirmed.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8787014 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4663213\charrsid4663213 Sentence of 6 years set aside as being unlawful.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8787014 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4663213\charrsid4663213 Sentence of 5 years restored in lieu thereof.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4663213 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8787014 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3544117 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4663213\charrsid8787014 Appeal dismissed but Magistrates' Court sentence restored.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7935456 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7935456 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7935456 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4663213\charrsid7935456 M}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3544117 ARIE}{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4663213\charrsid7935456  C}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3544117 HAN}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4663213\charrsid7935456 
\par }}