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\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13184479 High Court}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876079 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15410978 C}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5183589 rimin}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1394333 al Appe}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5183589 l}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1394333 late Jurisdiction
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15410978 Shameem J
\par 24 October, 2000
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11233322 HAA 081/20}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15410978 00 (on appeal from Suva City Council Case 16}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11233322 /}{
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\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid1394333 Service - S}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1394333\charrsid1394333 ummons not personally served -}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid1394333  whether effective service on So}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5183589 l}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid1394333 icitor}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2439780  -}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5183589  }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid1394333 Formal}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5183589  }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid1394333 proof evidence required to}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1394333\charrsid1394333  }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid1394333 
secure conviction -}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1394333\charrsid1394333  }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid1394333 application of Constitution despite pur}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1394333\charrsid1394333 ported abrogation }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid1394333 - Cr}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8799000 
iminal Procedure Code ss82-85, 88(1), (4}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid1394333 ), 89; Town Planning}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1394333\charrsid1394333  }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid1394333 Act (Cap. 139) ss}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15012  }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid1394333 27}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15012 (1}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid1394333 )(b), 27(5)
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1394333\charrsid15410978 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15410978 The appellant appealed against his conviction and senten}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1394333 ce for a breach of sections 27(1}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15410978 )(b) and 27(5) of}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1394333  the Town Planning Act Cap. 139.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15410978 
 The grounds of appeal were threefold. Firstly, that the summons was served on a salesman of the Company owned by the appellant rather than him}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10700162  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15410978 personally. Secondly, that there was insufficient evid
ence to secure a conviction during the formal proof of the case. Thirdly, that the Magistrate failed to give the appellant a time limit to pay the fine imposed.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16198724 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16198724 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid1394333 HELD}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15410978  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16198724 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15410978  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10700162 (}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15410978 
1) The summons should have been served personally because the appellant is being charged personally. Service on a servant would only have been acceptable if it had been served at his place of residence;}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15410978 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1394333\charrsid15410978 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16198724 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15410978 (2) Appearance by counsel presupposes effective serv
ice and cures any defect of service if the summons had been served on the appellant person;}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10700162 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1394333\charrsid15410978 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16198724 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15410978 (3) The Constitution applied to criminal procedures despite purported abrogation of it;}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10700162 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1394333\charrsid15410978 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16198724 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15410978 (4) Evidence led at formal proof was sufficient to prove elements of the o
ffence and there was no reason why the magistrate could not convict and proceed to sentence.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15410978 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1394333\charrsid15410978 
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An error of the magistrate in not imposing a time limit within which to pay a fine is curable by prescribing a time of one month in default of which the term of imprisonment may be imposed.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15410978 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1394333\charrsid15410978 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6105461 Sentence is varied to $400}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15410978 
 fine to be paid within 28 days, in default 4 months imprisonment plus costs of $50.00 to be paid by the Appellant within 28 days, in default 1 month imprisonment. The Appellant is ordered to cease operations within 28 days.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1394333\charrsid15410978 
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid1394333 Cases referred to }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1394333\charrsid1394333 in}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid1394333  judgment
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15410978 appl }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15012 Ved Prakash v}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1394333\charrsid15012  N}{
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15012 LTB}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid5183589  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13131923 HBC}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6105461  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13131923 409D}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6105461 /}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid5183589 96
\par appl }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15012 Mitchell & Others v Director of Public Prosecutions & Another}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid5183589  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid5183589 [1986] LRC (Const.) 35
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15012 
\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid8211218 T}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1394333\charrsid8211218 amara Jayatilleke for appellant
\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid8211218 Rajesh Gopal for respondent
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15410978 
\par 24 October, 2000.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1394333 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16198724 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1394333 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid1394333 JUDGMENT
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\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid1394333 Shameem, J.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1394333\charrsid15410978 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15410978 This is an appeal against}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8211218  conviction and sentence. On 8}{
\fs18\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid8211218\charrsid6105461 th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8211218  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15410978 
August 2000, the Appellant was convicted of the following offence:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1394333\charrsid15410978 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1394333 {\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid1394333 Statement of Offence
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15410978 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1394333\charrsid15410978 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1394333 {\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid1394333 ACT IN CONTRAVENTION OF TOWN PLANNING SCHEME}{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid1394333 : }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15410978 Contrary to sections 27(1)(b) and}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6105461 
 27(5) (as amended by Act No. 8/}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15410978 97) o}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid72097 f }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15410978 
the Town Planning Act, Cap 139.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15410978 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1394333\charrsid15410978 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1394333 {\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid1394333 Particulars of Offence
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15410978 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1394333\charrsid15410978 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1394333 {\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid7876079 B R KWON}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15410978 
 at Suva in the Central Division, did on the 14th day of October 1999 having been served with a notice by the Suva City Council to
 stop using the land on Lot 5, DP 2805, CT 11778, 406 Fletcher Road, Vatuwaqa, Suva situated within a Commercial AB zone in such a manner that contravenes the Town Planning Scheme, namely using the said land for Industrial (motor repairs) purposes failed 
to comply with such notice.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15410978 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1394333\charrsid15410978 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15410978 The Appellant was sentenced, after the prosecution "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1394333 formally proved" the offence,}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15410978  to $400.00, and 4 months imprisonment in default of payment. He was also ordered to pay costs of $50 (in default }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1394333 1}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15410978  month imprisonment) and was ordered to cease contravention of the town planning scheme within 28 days.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1394333\charrsid15410978 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15410978 The Appellant now appeals against conviction and sentence on the following grounds:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1394333\charrsid15410978 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1394333 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15410978 
"(1) The Learned Magistrate erred in law and in fact in convicting your Petitioner by not taking into account that the summons were not served personally on the Petitioner.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15410978 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1394333\charrsid15410978 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1394333 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15410978 (2) The Learned Magistrate erred in accepting}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1394333  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15410978 prosecution evidence without proof.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15410978 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1394333\charrsid15410978 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1394333 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1394333 (3) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15410978 
The Learned Magistrate erred in not giving a time limit to pay the fine and the legal costs."}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15410978 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1394333\charrsid15410978 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid13643497 
Counsel for the Appellant, at the hearing of the appeal, submitted that service of the summons in respect of the charge was never served on the Appellant, the service on an employee (a salesman) of B.R. Kwon & Co. was defective, and that the ensuing proc
eedings were therefore a nullity. She said that it is not clear who instructed Mr T}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13643497 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid13643497 
 Bukarau to appear on the first day of the hearing, and that since Mr Bukarau is presently remanded in custody, it was difficult to obtain clarification in that regard.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1394333\charrsid15410978 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15410978 
She further said that the evidence presented at the formal proof hearing was inadequate and that the conviction was unsafe. Finally, she submitted that the failure to impose a time limit for the payment of fine, rendered the sentence wrong in law.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1394333\charrsid15410978 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15410978 Counsel for the Respondent conceded that service was not on the Appellant, but said that it was served on his emplo}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13643497 
yee on the business premises. H}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15410978 e said that any defect in service was cured by }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1394333 the appearance of counsel on 11}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15410978 th May 2000,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1394333  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15410978 in response to the charge.
 He said that the facts disclosed during formal proof were more than sufficient to warrant conviction. He said that the sentence could be clarified by the imposition of a reasonable time to pay.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978 

\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1394333\charrsid15410978 
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid11618656 Ground 1 }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11618656\charrsid11618656 -}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid11618656  Service
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11618656\charrsid15410978 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15410978 It is not disputed that the Summons, issued under sections 82 and 89 of the Criminal Procedure Code was}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13184479 
 not served on the Appellant, Mr}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15410978  B.R. Kwon. Instead it was served on 7th April 2000, on one Sudhakar Goundar, a salesman of B.R. Kwon of 406 Fletcher Road, Nabua.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11618656\charrsid15410978 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15410978 Section 88(1) of}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11618656  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15410978 the Criminal Procedure Code provides:}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11618656\charrsid15410978 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11618656 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15410978 
"Whenever a magistrate issues a summons in respect of any offence other than a felony he may, if he sees reason to do so, and shall when the offence with which the accused is charged is punishable only by fine and/or imprisonment
 not exceeding three months or by disqualification from holding}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10637463  or obtaining a driving licence}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15410978 
, dispense with the personal attendance of the accused, provided that he pleads guilty in writing or appears by a barrister and solicitor}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11618656 .}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15410978 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15410978 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11618656\charrsid15410978 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15410978 
There are several conditions precedent to the operation of section 88(1). Firstly that summons has been issued, secondly that the offence is not a felony, and thirdly that the accused has pleaded guilty in writing or that he/she is represented}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11618656  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15410978 by counsel. 
In cases punishable only by fine and/or imprisonment for up to three months, personal attendance must be dispensed with provided there is a plea of guilty in writing }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid11696984 or}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15410978  representation by counsel.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11618656\charrsid15410978 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15410978 An offence under section 27(1) of the Town Planning Act (as
 amended by Act No. 8/97) is punishable with a fine of up to $1000. As such section 88(1) of the Criminal Procedure Code allowed the Magistra}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10637463 te to proceed to dispense with}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15410978  personal attendance as long as c}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11618656 ounsel appeared for the accused.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11618656\charrsid15410978 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15410978 The presence of co
unsel presupposes effective service on the accused. Counsel on the record said he appeared for the Appellant and entered a plea of not guilty. There is no ambiguity on the record, in this regard. Furthermore,}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11618656  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15410978 although counsel for the Appellant now says (fr
om the Bar table) that the Appellant never instructed Mr Bukarau and does not know why he was in court, I cannot accept such assertions which have not been put before the court properly in an affidavit form.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11618656\charrsid15410978 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15410978 On }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10637463 the record therefore, the Appell}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15410978 ant was repr
esented, and the proceedings could proceed in his absence.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11618656\charrsid15410978 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15410978 The remaining issue is whether the failure to serve the Appellant was later cured by the appearance of counsel on behalf of the Appellant, when the case was called.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11618656\charrsid15410978 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15410978 There is no doubt that service was defective. Section 82 of the Criminal Procedure Code provides:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11618656\charrsid15410978 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11618656 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15410978 
"Every summons shall, if practicable, be served personally on the person summoned by delivering or tendering to him one of the duplicates of the su}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11618656 mm}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15410978 ons."
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15410978 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15410978 
\par Section 83 provides:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11618656\charrsid15410978 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11618656 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15410978 "Where }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid5531917 
the person summoned, cannot by the exercise of due diligence be found, the summons may be served by leavin}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5531917 g one of the duplicates for him with some}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid5531917  adult member of his family or with his servant residing with him or with his employer."
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15410978 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11618656\charrsid5531917 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid5531917 Section 84 provides:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11618656\charrsid15410978 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11618656 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15410978 
"If the service in the manner provided by sections 82 and 83 cannot by the exercise of due diligence be effected, the serving officer shall affix one of the duplicates of the summons to some conspicuous part of the house or homestead in which the person
 summoned ordinarily resides, and thereupon the su}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11618656 m}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15410978 mons shall be deemed to have been duly served."
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15410978 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15410978 
\par Finally, the provision for service on a co}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11618656 mpany is different. Section 85(1}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15410978 ) provides:}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11618656\charrsid15410978 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11618656 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15410978 "Subject to the provisions of any other written law, service of a summons on }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11618656 an incorporated company or other}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15410978  body corporat}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11618656 
e may be effected either by serv}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15410978 ing it personally on any officer of the corporation or by sending it by registered letter addressed t
o the registered or other principal office of the corporation in Fiji.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8004846 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15410978 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11618656\charrsid15410978 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15410978 Service on a company may therefore be effectively made by service on an officer of the company or by registered post. It is possible therefore, that the bailiff thought that service o
n a salesman of the company, satisfied section 85.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4551412  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15410978 
However, the Appellant is charged personally and not as a company. On that basis, service on a servant would only have been acceptable if it had been served at his place of residence.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11618656\charrsid15410978 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15410978 Service therefore wa
s technically defective. The purpose of the service requirements is to ensure that accused persons are given notice of the time, and details of the hearing of the charge against them. It is a requirement of the common law and constitutional right not to b
e tried in one}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8004846 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15410978 s absence.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11618656\charrsid15410978 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15410978 Section 28(1)(h) of the Constitution (1997) provides:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11618656\charrsid15410978 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15561552 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15410978 "Every person charged with an offence has the rights}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15561552  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15410978 ... not to have the trial take place in his or her absence unless:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15410978 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15561552\charrsid15410978 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid15561552 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15410978 (i) the court is satisfied that the person has been se
rved with a summons or other process requiring his or her attendance and has chosen not to attend;"
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15410978 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15410978 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15561552 I }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15410978 am aware that there was a purported abrogation of }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5531917 
the Constitution on May 29th 200}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15410978 0 by the Military. However, such abrogation is now subject to legal cha
llenge in the High Court, and I find that unless proven otherwise, the Constitution continues to apply to all criminal proceedings.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13184479  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15410978 (see Madraiwiwi }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15561552 J}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15410978  in }{
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13184479 Ved Pra}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15561552 kash v. NLTB}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15561552  Civil Action HBC}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4551412  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15561552 409D}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5531917 /}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15410978 
96, also Haynes P in }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15561552 Mitchell v}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15561552 .}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15561552  DPP}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15410978  (1986) LRC Const. P.66).}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15561552\charrsid15410978 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15410978 I find therefore that the purpose of sections 81-85 of}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15561552  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15410978 
the Criminal Procedure Code is to protect this right to be present during the trial. I also find that when counsel appeared for the Appellant, and entered a plea of "Not Guilty" on his}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15561552  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15410978 behalf, that t
his constitutional purpose was satisfied. Although counsel for the Appellant says that Mr Bukarau was never instructed, she has not presented any evidence to that effect. In the absence of such evidence, the court record must be accepted. The record shows
 
that Mr Bukarau appeared on the two occasions prior to the hearing date, for the Appellant. It shows that Mr Bukarau was told of the adjourned date. In the circumstances I find that the Appellant through his counsel chose not to attend the hearing and tha
t section 28(1)(h) of the Constitution, and section 88 of the Criminal Procedure Code, were}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15561552  satisfied in spirit and for}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5531917 m}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15561552  .T}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15410978 his ground fails.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15561552\charrsid15410978 
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15561552 Ground 2
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15561552\charrsid15410978 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15410978 
The second ground states that the evidence led on formal proof was insufficient to satisfy the court that the offence had been committed. The court record is sketchy on the evidence led and accepted. It reads as follows:}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15561552\charrsid15410978 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15561552 {\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15561552\charrsid15561552 "Form}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15561552 a}{
\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15561552\charrsid15561552 l}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15561552  Proof - Josevata Koroi Sen}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15561552\charrsid15561552 
ior Town Planning }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15561552 Assistance Suva City Council}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15410978 {\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15561552\charrsid15561552 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15561552 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15410978 confi}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15561552 rms contents of Affidavit - Ex 1}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15410978 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15561552\charrsid15410978 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15561552 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15410978 Illegal works still continuing prohibited under Town Planning Scheme}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15410978 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15561552\charrsid15410978 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15561552 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15410978 Sentenced as on evidence sheet."
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15410978 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15410978 
\par The Formal Proof "Evidence Sheet" discloses the following facts:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15561552\charrsid15410978 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15561552 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15410978 
"On the above date and location an inspection was carried out by Joe Koroi and Stir Town Planning Assistant of the Suva City Council and this revealed that the Defendant was carrying out an industrial (motor repairs) works in a commercial B zone which is 
prohibited under the Town Planning Scheme.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15410978 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15561552\charrsid15410978 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15561552 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15410978 A notice wa}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15561552 
s served to the Defendant on 13/9/}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15410978 99 to stop all illegal works by the 13}{\fs18\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid15561552 th}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5531917  of October 199}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15410978 9. The notice was not complied with. A prohibition notice was served on 1}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15561552 1/2/00 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15410978 and this was also neglected."}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15410978 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15561552\charrsid15410978 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15410978 Section 27(1)(b) of the Town Planning Act Cap 139 provides:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15561552\charrsid15410978 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15561552 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15410978 "Subject to the provisions of this section the l}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15561552 ocal authority may at any time - }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15410978 
...(b) where any building or land is being used in such a manner as to contravene any provision of the scheme, prohibit it from being so used;"}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15410978 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15561552\charrsid15410978 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15410978 
Section 27(2) provides that before taking any action under the section, the local authority shall serve a notice on the owner and on the occupier of the building or land, and on any other person affected, specifying the action
 it intends to take, and the grounds for such action.
\par 
\par Section 27(3) provides that 3 months notice shall be given to owner/occupier/ interested person before the proposed action is taken. Clearly this provision allows time to remedy the default. One month from service of notice is given to the}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15561552  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15410978 owner/occupier before action is taken by t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15561552 he local authority. This period 
}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15410978 can be extended if the owner/occupier makes representations to the local authority. Section 27(5) creates the offence of using "any building or
 land in a manner prohibited under the provisions of this section."
\par 
\par The facts given in evidence before the Learned Magistrate, show the nature of the breach of section 27(1)(b), and}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13184479  the service of a notice on 13}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid13184479\charrsid13184479 th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13184479  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15410978 September 1999 to stop all works under se
ction 27(2). A prohibition notice was served on}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15561552  11}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15410978 th February 2000. On non-compliance, the Appellant was charged on 16}{
\fs18\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid15561552 th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15410978  March 2000, more than one month after se}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15012 
rvice of the prohibition notice.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15410978 
\par 
\par It appears therefore that the evidence on formal proof satisfied all ingredients of the offence under section 27 of the Act. Although the Town Planning Scheme was not tendered, it was clear that the prohibition under the scheme was to use a commercial B z
one land for industrial works.
\par 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15561552 In the circum}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15410978 stances I see no reason why the Magistrate should not have convicted as charged and proceeded to sentence.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15561552\charrsid15410978 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15410978 Counsel now says that the owner could also have been charged under section 27. That may well be the case
. However, the occupier is also liable to prosecution under section 27(5) and indeed, any person who uses the building or land concerned. This does not invalidate the charge against the Appellant.
\par 
\par I consider therefore that the evidence on formal proof was sufficient to lead to a conviction. This ground is dismissed.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15561552\charrsid15410978 
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15561552 Ground 3
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15561552\charrsid15410978 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15410978 There is no doubt that the Magistrate failed to give the Appellant a time limit to pay the fine imposed.
\par 
\par Section 88(4) of the Penal Code provides that a prescribed time must be give
n for payment of fine in the case of a person in respect of whom personal attendance has been dispensed. This then allows the court to issue summons to the Defendant to show cause for non-payment when the prescribed time has lapsed.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15561552\charrsid15410978 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15410978 However this error may
 now be cured by prescribing a time of one month in default of which the term of imprisonment may be imposed after the procedure in section 88(4) is complied with.
\par 
\par The appeal against sen}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15561552 tence therefore succeeds to the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15410978  extent }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13184479 
that sentence is now as follows:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15410978  $400 fine to be paid within 28 days of the date of this judgment, in default 4 months imprisonment. Legal costs of $}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3146230 50.00 to be paid by the Appellan}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid15410978 
t within 28 days in default 1 month imprisonment. The Appellant must cease operations within 28 days.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16198724 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16198724 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7876079 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid3146230 A}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3146230\charrsid3146230 p
peal against sentence granted.
\par }\pard \qr \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16198724 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3146230\charrsid16198724 Merese}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410978\charrsid16198724 
ini R Vuniwaqa and Marie Chan
\par }}