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{\author maltungtung_l}{\operator blake_r}{\creatim\yr2009\mo11\dy4\hr10\min9}{\revtim\yr2010\mo4\dy6\hr16\min27}{\version40}{\edmins269}{\nofpages4}{\nofwords2542}{\nofchars14491}{\*\company scims}{\nofcharsws17000}{\vern24689}}
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{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \qr \li0\ri-216\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin-216\lin0\itap0\pararsid8527858 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8527858 [2000] 1 FLR 223}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8527858\charrsid8527858 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri-216\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin-216\lin0\itap0\pararsid8527858 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8527858\charrsid8527858 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri-216\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin-216\lin0\itap0\pararsid8527858 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10495660 IN THE }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8527858\charrsid8527858 HIGH COURT OF FIJI
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri-216\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin-216\lin0\itap0\pararsid8527858 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8527858\charrsid8527858 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri-216\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin-216\lin0\itap0\pararsid8527858 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8527858 VINOD KUMAR}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7041636 
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8527858 t/}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid14559522 a Tropic Furniture and Joinery}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8527858 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri-216\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin-216\lin0\itap0\pararsid8527858 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8527858\charrsid8527858 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri-216\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin-216\lin0\itap0\pararsid8527858 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6450157\charrsid10495660 v}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8527858\charrsid10495660 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri-216\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin-216\lin0\itap0\pararsid8527858 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8527858\charrsid8527858 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri-216\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin-216\lin0\itap0\pararsid8527858 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid14559522 DOMINION INSURANCE LIMITED
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri-216\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin-216\lin0\itap0\pararsid8527858 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8527858 High Court}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10495660  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090 Civil Jurisdiction}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8527858 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090 Madraiwiwi, J
\par 6 October, 2000}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8527858 
\par HBC}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1463977  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090 0070}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1463977 /}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090 93L}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14559522\charrsid10620090 
\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid14559522 Insurance}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8527858  }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid14559522 
- whether insurance policy extant at time of}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8527858  fi}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid14559522 re}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8527858  }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid14559522 - whether notice }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3503372 a}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid14559522 
 cancellation or mere threat to cancel policy at common law}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8527858  - whether notice of}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid14559522 
 threatened cancellation effective communication
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090 
\par Fire destroyed the plaintif}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090 f}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15077992 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090 s factory, equipment, stock an}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3503372 d business on 19 September 1991.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090  The plaintiff paid 49% premium for renewal of policy and obtained cover note. Clause 5 of the 
policy provided that policy may}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15077992  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090 
be terminated by insured, and also at option of the insurer for which demand made be made on rateable proportion of premium for unexpired term. A reminder letter sent to the plaintiff which the plaintiff contended was never 
received, and notice was mere threat, not actual termination }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid15077992 per se}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090 .
\par 
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid14559522 Held }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15077992 - (1) T}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090 
here was no ambiguity as to payment payable. The obligation to pay premium before expiry of policy and the continuation of cover were inextricably linked, thus the insurance company was entitled to cancel after expiry of notice and failure of plaintiff to
 pay full payment of premium.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9206339\charrsid10620090 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090 
(2) The effect of the renewal certificate was that it did not become valid until the premium was fully paid. The liability of the insurer to indemnify for the term of the policy was conditional upon the premium having been pai
d unless the defendant by words or conduct had waived that term.
\par 
\par Plaintif}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090 f}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15077992 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090 s case dismissed and judgment entered for defendant}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14559522\charrsid10620090 
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid8527858 Cases referred to in judgment
\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1463977 F}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10495660 oll }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid14559522 
Dominion Insurance Ltd v Sea Island Paper & Stationery Ltd}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1463977  ABU0008/}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090 07S
\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10495660 cons }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid14559522 Westpac Banking Corporation & Ors v Dominion Insurance Limited}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090  HBC}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1463977  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090 0648}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1463977 /}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090 94
\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8527858\charrsid10495660 appl}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid8527858  }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid14559522 
Ali Motors Limited v National Insurance Company of}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8527858  }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid14559522 Fiji Ltd}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8527858  ABU052}
{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7617972 /}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090 82
\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4599452 F}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10495660 oll }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid14559522 Wilson}{
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8527858  v Guardian Roya}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid425791 n}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid14559522  Assurance co of NZ Limited}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090  [1986] 1 NZLR 572
\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10495660 app}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8527858\charrsid10495660 l}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10495660  }{
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid14559522 Turner v Metropolitan Life}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8527858  }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid14559522 Assurance Co. of NZ}
{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8527858  }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid14559522 Limited }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid4599452 (1988)}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090  5 ANZ Insurance Cases 60}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14559522\charrsid10620090 
\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid425791 Sure}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8527858\charrsid425791 sh C. Maharaj for the plaintiff}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14559522\charrsid425791 

\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid425791 Adish K}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8527858\charrsid425791  }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid425791 Narayan for the defendant
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8527858 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090 6 October 2000.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8527858 
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri-216\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin-216\lin0\itap0\pararsid8527858 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid14559522 JUDGMENT}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri-216\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin-216\lin0\itap0\pararsid8527858 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14559522\charrsid8527858 
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid14559522 Madraiwiwi, J.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14559522\charrsid10620090 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090 Vinod Kumar the plaintiff claims compensation for loss suffered und}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid209595 er Fire Policy No. 218431 FCP00}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid608616 1}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090  issued by Dominion Insurance Limited the defendant with effect from 17 January 1991}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9768251  to expire on 17 January 1992. O}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090 
n 19 September 1991 fire destroyed his factory, equipment and stock at Lautoka. The policy provided cover as follows:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14559522\charrsid10620090 
\par }\trowd \irow0\irowband0\ts11\trleft720\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3 \clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1980\clshdrawnil \cellx2700\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl
\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6930\clshdrawnil \cellx9630\pard \ql \li0\ri-216\nowidctlpar\intbl\faauto\adjustright\rin-216\lin0\pararsid8527858 {
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10495660\charrsid10620090 (1)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10495660  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10495660\charrsid10620090 $30,000.00\cell for building}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10495660  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10495660\charrsid10620090 premises\cell }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10495660\charrsid10620090 \trowd \irow0\irowband0\ts11\trleft720\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3 \clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1980\clshdrawnil \cellx2700\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6930\clshdrawnil \cellx9630\row }\pard 
\ql \li0\ri-216\nowidctlpar\intbl\faauto\adjustright\rin-216\lin0\pararsid8527858 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10495660\charrsid10620090 (2)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10495660  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10495660\charrsid10620090 $2,700.00\cell for business fixtures\cell }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10495660\charrsid10620090 \trowd \irow1\irowband1\ts11\trleft720\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3 \clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1980\clshdrawnil \cellx2700\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6930\clshdrawnil \cellx9630\row }\trowd \irow2\irowband2
\ts11\trleft720\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1980\clshdrawnil \cellx2700\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb
\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6930\clshdrawnil \cellx9630\pard \ql \li0\ri-216\nowidctlpar\intbl\faauto\adjustright\rin-216\lin0\pararsid10495660 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10495660\charrsid10620090 (3)}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10495660  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10495660\charrsid10620090 $30,000.00\cell }\pard \ql \li0\ri-216\nowidctlpar\intbl\faauto\adjustright\rin-216\lin0\pararsid8527858 {
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10495660\charrsid10620090 for stock ($15,000.00 processed}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10495660  work, $15,000.00}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10495660\charrsid10620090 
 unprocessed work)\cell }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10495660\charrsid10620090 \trowd \irow2\irowband2\ts11\trleft720\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3 
\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1980\clshdrawnil \cellx2700\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6930\clshdrawnil \cellx9630\row }\trowd \irow3\irowband3\ts11\trleft720\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3 \clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1980\clshdrawnil \cellx2700\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6930\clshdrawnil \cellx9630\pard 
\ql \li0\ri-216\nowidctlpar\intbl\faauto\adjustright\rin-216\lin0\pararsid8527858 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10495660\charrsid10620090 (4)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10495660  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10495660\charrsid10620090 $40,000.00\cell for plant and machinery\cell }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10495660\charrsid10620090 \trowd \irow3\irowband3\ts11\trleft720\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3 \clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1980\clshdrawnil \cellx2700\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6930\clshdrawnil \cellx9630\row }\pard 
\ql \li0\ri-216\nowidctlpar\intbl\faauto\adjustright\rin-216\lin0\pararsid8527858 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10495660\charrsid10620090 (5)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10495660  $}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10495660\charrsid10620090 2,700.00\cell }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10495660 fo}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10495660\charrsid10620090 r fax machine\cell }\pard 
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10495660\charrsid10620090 \trowd \irow4\irowband4\lastrow \ts11\trleft720\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3 \clvertalc\clbrdrt
\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1980\clshdrawnil \cellx2700\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6930\clshdrawnil 
\cellx9630\row }\pard \ql \li0\ri-216\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin-216\lin0\itap0\pararsid8527858 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090 
\par These heads are detailed in the schedule to Poli}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4599452 cy No. 218431 FCP001 (Exhibit P}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090 
1) and debit cover note No. 33030 (for Policy No. 218431}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid797603  FCP00}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090 
1) and 33031 (Exhibit P2 & P3) and cover debit note No. 32183 (Exhibit D1). Exhibit P1, P2 and P3 were issued on 22
 May 1991 and Exhibit D1 on 15 May 1991. The plaintiff paid $600.00 premium towards the total premium of $1233.75 on the said policy on 17 January 1991 and was issued receipt No. 10691 of 17 January 1991. It was his intention at the time to take out three
 policies from the defendant namely No. 218431 FCP001/02 (for factory and plant equipment), No. 218431 FCP}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid797603 0}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090 
01 (for stock in trade) and No. 218431 FCP002 (for motor vehicles). On 19 September 1991 the plaintif}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090 f}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15077992 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090 s business premises was totally destroyed by fi
re. The plaintiff subsequently lodged a claim for $105,000.00 with the defendant which was declined on the basis that the policy had been cancelled after expiry of a notice of cancellation dated 21 August 1991 (Exhibit P7).}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12478555\charrsid10620090 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090 Clause 5 of the policy provides:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12478555\charrsid10620090 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri-216\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin-216\lin720\itap0\pararsid8527858 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15077992 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090 
This insurance may be terminated at any time at the request of the insured, in which case the company will retain the custom short-period rate for the time the policy has been in force. This insurance may also at any time be terminated at the option of
 the company, with 7 days}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15077992 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090 
 notice to that effect being given to the insured, in which case the company shall be liable to repay on demand a rateable proportion of the premium for the unexpired term from the date of the cancelment.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15077992 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri-216\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin-216\lin0\itap0\pararsid797603 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12478555\charrsid10620090 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri-216\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin-216\lin0\itap0\pararsid8527858 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090 The major point of cont
ention between the parties related to the issue of whether the said insurance policy was extant is Exhibit P7. The defendant asserts that it was sent to the plaintiff who denies receiving it as does the Fiji Development Bank in its letter dated 8 July 199
3 (Exhibit P8). Exhibit P7 was in the following terms:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12478555\charrsid10620090 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri-216\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin-216\lin720\itap0\pararsid16087825 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15077992 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12478555 Date 21/8/}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090 91}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid797603 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri-216\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin-216\lin720\itap0\pararsid797603 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090 T}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9768251 r}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090 opic Furniture & Joinery}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid797603 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090 P}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid797603 O}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090  Box 4515
\par Lautoka.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri-216\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin-216\lin0\itap0\pararsid797603 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri-216\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin-216\lin720\itap0\pararsid797603 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090 Dear Sir/Madam}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri-216\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin-216\lin0\itap0\pararsid797603 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12478555\charrsid10620090 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri-216\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin-216\lin720\itap0\pararsid797603 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090 Policy No. 218431 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid4333311 
CMVODI}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11341271\charrsid4333311 /FCP001/FCP002}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11341271 /}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid797603 
\par Inception Date}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090 : 17}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid797603 /}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090 01}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid797603 /}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090 91
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri-216\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin-216\lin0\itap0\pararsid797603 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid797603 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri-216\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin-216\lin720\itap0\pararsid797603 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090 
We refer to the above policy and note with concern that your renewal premium of $1719.75 remains outstanding.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri-216\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin-216\lin0\itap0\pararsid797603 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid797603 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri-216\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin-216\lin720\itap0\pararsid797603 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090 Our renewal certificate clearly stated that the premium was required before expiry dat}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16087825 e for continuation of cover. Unl}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090 ess we receive the full pre
mium within 14 days from the date of this letter we will assume that cover is no longer required and cover wi}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2515054 ll be cancelled from inception.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri-216\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin-216\lin0\itap0\pararsid8527858 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2515054 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri-216\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin-216\lin720\itap0\pararsid2515054 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090 
This means that we will not be responsible for any loss which may have occurred while this premium was outstanding.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri-216\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin-216\lin0\itap0\pararsid2515054 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2515054 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri-216\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin-216\lin720\itap0\pararsid2515054 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090 We would urge you to treat this matter as URGENT.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri-216\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin-216\lin0\itap0\pararsid2515054 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12478555\charrsid10620090 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri-216\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin-216\lin720\itap0\pararsid16087825 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2515054 Yours faithfully
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri-216\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin-216\lin720\itap0\pararsid2515054 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2515054 INOKE DREKETIRUA}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12478555 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090 UNDERWRITER}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri-216\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin-216\lin0\itap0\pararsid2515054 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12478555\charrsid10620090 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri-216\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin-216\lin720\itap0\pararsid2515054 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090 cc:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2515054 Mort}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090 gagee}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16087825 /}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16584522 BOSH}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16087825 /}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090 Debenture Holders FDB-LAUTOKA}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15077992 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri-216\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin-216\lin0\itap0\pararsid8527858 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12478555\charrsid10620090 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090 Learned counsel for the plaintiff submitted that the plaintiff never received the notice of cancellation
 and even if he did it matters not because it was a mere threat to terminate rather than a notice of termination per se. He cited the learned author of }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid16087825 Insurance Law in Australia}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090  2nd Ed. w}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10699072 here Kenneth Sutton states at 4}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090 42}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16087825 :}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12478555\charrsid10620090 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri-216\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin-216\lin720\itap0\pararsid8527858 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15077992 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090 
A letter stating that if full payment of the premiums due on the policy is not received by a specified date the policy will be cancelled, is not a cancellation of the insurance but merely a threat to do so, and the policy is still extant pending notificat
ion that it is cancelled: }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid9768251 Kelly v Harris}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090  (1983) 2 ANZ Ins Cases 60-51-0 SCSA.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15077992 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri-216\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin-216\lin0\itap0\pararsid8527858 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12478555\charrsid10620090 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090 In his evidence the plaintiff stated that he thought he had a year to pay the balance of the premiums when he paid the initial $600.00 leaving a balance payable of $1719.75 on t
hree policies that incepted from 17 January 1991. Interestingly, the plaintiff did not bother to pay premiums for insurance on his motor}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9768251  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090 vehicle ($1054.50) or for his showroom ($}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9768251 31.50) which suffered no damage}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15077992 
. Yet when he paid $600}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090 .00 on 17 January 1991 i
t was part payment for a total of $2319.75 on all three policies including that covering the factory. The plaintiff had this to say about Exhibit P7 in cross examination:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12478555\charrsid10620090 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri-216\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin-216\lin720\itap0\pararsid8527858 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15077992 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090 I have seen}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9768251  attached letter to Exhibit 7. I}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090  say I did not receive it. I have seen t
he letter many times since this case began. Had I received it I would have paid on the spot. If I had received it, I would have understood the policy could be cancelled after 14 days. But I did not receive it.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15077992 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri-216\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin-216\lin0\itap0\pararsid9768251 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12478555\charrsid10620090 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri-216\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin-216\lin0\itap0\pararsid8527858 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090 The plaintiff also claimed he was extended c
redit facilities by the defendant in being given time to pay the premium. However, as is apparent from the debit cover notes he received in respect of the various policies that were incepted from 17 January 1991 for a year, no credit was given for the $60
0.00 part payment he}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9768251  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090 
had made. The defendant expected him to pay the full amount of the premium in accordance with the terms of the policy. And for reasons that are stated shortly, the court places little credence on what the plaintiff has to say.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12478555\charrsid10620090 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090 Inoke Dreketirua the underwriter for the defendant testified that he prepared and despatched the notice to post office box 4515 Lautoka, the plaintif}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090 f}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15077992 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9768251 s postal address. Exhibit P1}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090  and P2 as well as cover debit note No. 32183 dated 15}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7482899  May 1991 for Datsun Reg. No. EO}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090 
476, Isuzu Reg. No. AW517 and Isuzu Reg. No. BE465 (Exhibit D1) were all received at the same address. In cross examination Mr Dreketirua referred to an affidavit of one Ajay Singh a former employee of the defendant to the effect that the notice had been 
received by the plaintiff. Although the Fiji Development Bank which held a charge over the property subsequently stated it did not receive Exhibit P7 either, the court places little store by its claim (Exhibit P8). First it replied to the plaintif}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090 f}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7482899 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090 s solic
itors some two years after Exhibit P7 was sent on 8 July 1993. Second its response was sent from Suva while Exhibit P7 was copied to its branch at Lautoka.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12478555\charrsid10620090 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090 
The court prefers the evidence of Mr Dreketirua to that of the plaintiff in this regard. He was open and forthright and even allowed the mail may not have reached its destination. It respectfully notes the caveat that Hardie-Boys J. placed}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9768251  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090 on the reliability of delivery of mail in }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid9768251 
Wilson v Guardian Royal Assurance Co. of NZ Ltd}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090 
 [1986] 1 NZLR 572 but it is of opinion that the plaintiff did in fact receive Exhibit P7. He has been less than forthcoming. He is a businessman with an investment worth allegedly in
 excess of $100,000.00. Yet he was decidedly casual about the payment of the premiums and says that had he been asked to he would have paid the entire amount in January 1991. There is an inconsistency in his conduct that reflects on his credibility. He re
c
eived the debit cover notes of the policies he had taken but did not receive Exhibit P7. In his claim form Exhibit P5 the plaintiff had stated the situation of loss was Leonidas Street, Lautoka. However in the policy document Exhibit D4 the location was d
escribed as Bebe Street, Lautoka. This obvious discrepancy reflects adversely on hi}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14362484 m }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090 
and his explanation it was a mistake is too disingenuous to be believed. For those reasons there must be serious doubt about the plaintif}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090 f}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15077992 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090 s assertion that he did not receive the defendant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15077992 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090 
s notice of cancellation (Exhibit P7).}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12478555\charrsid10620090 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090 
Furthermore, until the unfortunate fate which befell his factory in September 1991, some eight months after he made initial payment for his insurance premium, the plaintiff did nothing about them. He
 admitted he was not exercised about the two other policies (Exhibit P2, Exhibit D1) because no damage was sustained by the items covered thereunder. The plaintiff received the notice dated 21 August 1991 and did nothing about it.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9768251  It was consistent with the lack}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090 
adaisical attitude he had demonstrated from the outset and which he evinced on 15 and 22 May when he received the debit cover notes in respect of the three policies. He did likewise when he received Exhibit P7. In the court}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15077992 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090 s opinion the plaintiff had no}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10224757  in}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090 tention of paying the balance of the premium as reflected in his admission that he was not concerned}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245919  about Exhibit P2 and Exhibit D
}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090 1. The fire in September altered that mindset completely for obvious reasons but by then it was too late.
\par 
\par As to whether Exhibit P7 was sufficient communication to terminate the plaintif}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090 f}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1669018 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090 s policy}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15077992 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090 
s at common law an election to rescind a contract must be communicated }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid1669018 Chitty on Contracts}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090 
 25th ed (1983) at para 444; }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid9768251 Turner v Metropolitan Life Assurance Co. of NZ Ltd}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090  (1988) 
5 ANZ Insurance Cases 60-61. In some situations the courts have treated a communication to the effect that a policy will be cancelled after the expiry of a certain period as a mere threat }{
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid9768251 Kelly v Harris}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090  (1983) 2 ANZ Ins Cases 60-51-}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16584522 0}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090  SC SA. Exhibit P7 has already been reproduced.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10224757\charrsid10620090 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid16350510 In }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid16350510 Dominion Insurance Ltd v Sea Island Paper & Stationery Ltd}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid16350510  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15467988\charrsid16350510 Civil Appeal No ABU0008 of 1997S}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid16350510 
 their Lordships of the Court of Appeal held a letter providing that if the premiums were not received }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15077992 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid16350510 
within fourteen (14) days from the date of this letter we would have no option but to cancel all your policies without any further notice}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15077992 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid16350510  was not a notice of termination but a threat to do so. However learned counsel for the defendant submitted that the facts of that case had some bearing on the result. There w}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9768251\charrsid16350510 as a history of credit and the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid16350510 
prior renewal notice stated the policy had been renewed and required payment on a date already expired. Those considerations unde}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9768251\charrsid16350510 rm}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid16350510 ined the insurer}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15077992 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid16350510 s contention the pol
icy had been cancelled.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9768251\charrsid10620090 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9598325 The opening words of Exhibit P}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090 1 provided:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10224757\charrsid10620090 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri-216\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin-216\lin720\itap0\pararsid8527858 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15077992 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090 
In consideration of the Insured named in the Schedule hereto having paid to the Company first premium as mentioned in the Schedule}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1669018  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090 ....}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15077992 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri-216\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin-216\lin0\itap0\pararsid8527858 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10224757\charrsid10620090 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090 The defendant agreed to inde}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9768251 mn}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090 
ify the insured (i.e. the plaintiff) on t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9768251 he terms set out in Exhibit P1}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090 
. Liability to indemnify for the term of the policy was conditional upon the premium having been paid unless the defendant by words or conduct had waived that term. On 22 May 1991, the 
defendant forwarded to the plaintiff a copy of the policy and cover debit note No. 33030 (Exhibit P2). It stated }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid1669018 inter alia}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10224757\charrsid1669018 :}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10224757\charrsid10620090 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri-216\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin-216\lin720\itap0\pararsid9768251 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15077992 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090 
We acknowledge the following insurance has been accepted renewed by the company.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15077992 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri-216\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin-216\lin0\itap0\pararsid8527858 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10224757\charrsid10620090 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090 The cover debit note also set out the details of the policy including its term (17 January 1991 to 17 January 1992) and a request to the effect }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15077992 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090 Please detach and send with payment to}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1669018  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090 ....}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15077992 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090  and the }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15077992 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090 Amount Payable of $1233.75.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15077992 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090  The effect of the renewal certificate was that it did not become valid unt
il the premium was fully paid. It issued during the currency of the policy and sought payment of the premium payable. There was in the court}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15077992 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090 s respectful opinion no ambiguity. In his evidence the plaintiff in receiving the cover debit notes on 15 and 22 Ma
y 1991 respectively understood payment of the premiums was required but merely filed}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9768251  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090 
them away. Exhibit P7 makes clear that renewal was conditional on payment of the premium: }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15077992 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090 
Unless we receive the full premium within 14 days from the date of this letter we will assume cover is no longer required and cover will be cancelled from inceptions.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15077992 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090  In the present case, payment had been repeatedly sought to no avail. The opening part of Exhibit P7 referred to the obligation to pay the premium before the expiry of t
he policy for continuation of cover.
\par 
\par The purport and tenor of the defendant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15077992 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090 
s notice in Exhibit P7 was no mere threat. Upon the failure of the plaintiff to pay the full premium within the stipulated period, his cover would be cancelled from inception. The
 two events were inextricably linked with the latter taking effect upon the occurrence of the former. The gravity of the notice and its consequences were reinforced by the last sentence as follows }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15077992 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090 We would urge you to treat this matter as URGENT.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15077992 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10224757\charrsid10620090 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090 In }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9768251 Westpac Banking Corporation & O}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid9768251 
rs v Dominion Insurance Limited}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10224757  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090 Civil }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9768251 
Action No. 0468 of 1994 Fatiaki J}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090  made the following observations on the renewal certificates that were cited before him at p.9:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090 

\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10224757\charrsid10620090 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri-216\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin-216\lin720\itap0\pararsid8527858 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15077992 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090 I confess that on my }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15077992 reading of the above-mentioned '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090 notices}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15077992 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090  in the RENEWAL CERTIFICATES, there appears to be some inconsistency or confli}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9768251 ct between them; certainly the }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15077992 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090 notices}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15077992 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090  are not free from all of ambiguity nor in my view are they easily reconciled and neither counsel sought to reconcile the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15077992 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090 notices}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15077992 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090  in their respective submission.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri-216\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin-216\lin0\itap0\pararsid9768251 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9768251\charrsid10620090 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri-216\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin-216\lin720\itap0\pararsid8527858 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9768251 ... In neither }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15077992 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090 notice}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15077992 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090  however, are the consequences of the customer}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15077992 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090 s failure to pay the premium by the due date clearly and unambiguously }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9768251 
set out, nor in my view do the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15077992 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090 notices}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15077992 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090  plainly and unequivocally make the payment of premium a pre-requisite to the renewal of the insurance.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri-216\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin-216\lin0\itap0\pararsid9768251 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9768251\charrsid10620090 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri-216\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin-216\lin720\itap0\pararsid8527858 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9768251 In such a circumstance, the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15077992 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7041636 contra proferentu}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090 m}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15077992 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090  rule of construction requires the court to adopt a construction favourable to the assured and against the insurer from whom the document emanates. As per Blackburn J in }{
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid9768251 Fowkes v Manchester and London Life Assurance Association}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090  (1863) 129 RR 607 at 615.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15077992 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri-216\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin-216\lin0\itap0\pararsid9768251 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10224757\charrsid10620090 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri-216\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin-216\lin0\itap0\pararsid8527858 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090 
The renewal notices in Exhibits P2, P3 and D3 refer to the premiums payable with a remittance advice which suggests that the insured must forwa
rd the premiums pursuant to the stated intention in the policy itself that the insured pay the first premium to the defendant. Case Exhibit P7 then sets out clearly the consequences of non}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9768251 -}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090 payment of the premium within a specified period. Payment of the ou
tstanding premium is clearly a prerequisite to renewal of the insurance. The plaintiff had seven months to pay the premium and had done nothing. He admitted in evidence that had he received the notice he would have interpreted it as a demand for payment o
f premium by a certain date failing which the policy would be cancelled. In view of the court}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15077992 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090 
s finding, the plaintiff had no doubt about the purpose of Exhibit P7. The defendant set out clearly the consequences of non payment within a certain period.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10224757\charrsid10620090 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090 In }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid9768251 All Motors Limited v National Insurance Company of Fiji Ltd}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090  Civil Appeal No. 52 of 1982 the learned Court of Appeal determined that as the insured had refused to perform its part of the contract there was renunciation. However in}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid16584522  obiter}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090  remarks there appeared some suggestion that the notice the court at first insta}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9768251 nce held had not been received (}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090 which was in like terms}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9768251  to Exhi}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090 bit}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9768251  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3177932 P}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090 
7) may have been sufficient. Given the facts of the instant case, the court is respectfully of opinion that Exhibit P7 was sufficient communication by the defendant of cancellation of Exh}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1132570 ibit P}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10620090\charrsid10620090 1.
\par 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9768251\charrsid10620090 The plaintif}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9768251 f}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15077992 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9768251\charrsid10620090 s case is accord}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9768251 ingly dismissed and there will b}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9768251\charrsid10620090 e judgment}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9768251  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9768251\charrsid10620090 for the defendant. Costs are summarily assessed for the defendant in the sum of}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9768251  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9768251\charrsid10620090 $1750.00.
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri-216\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin-216\lin0\itap0\pararsid15493608 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9768251\charrsid9768251 Application dismissed.}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9768251 
\par }\pard \qr \li0\ri-216\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin-216\lin0\itap0\pararsid8413585 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9768251\charrsid10620090 Marie Chan
\par }}