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{\operator maltungtung_l}{\creatim\yr2010\mo5\dy20\hr9\min22}{\revtim\yr2010\mo5\dy21\hr14\min22}{\version11}{\edmins157}{\nofpages8}{\nofwords3101}{\nofchars17679}{\*\company scims}{\nofcharsws20739}{\vern24689}}
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{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \qr \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6359994 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6359994\charrsid4935290 2000 1 FLR 141

\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12022354 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12022354\charrsid4935290 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12022354 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12022354\charrsid4935290 HIGH COURT OF FIJI
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12022354 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6359994\charrsid4935290 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6359994 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10961722\charrsid4935290 KIM INDUSTRIES LIMITED,}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2968640\charrsid4935290  }{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 In Re (No. 1)
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14366836 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1257381\charrsid4935290 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5260221\charrsid4935290 High Court}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2968640\charrsid4935290  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5260221\charrsid4935290 Civil Jurisdiction}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1257381\charrsid4935290 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 Gates, J
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2968640\charrsid4935290 HBF0036/}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 99L}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1257381\charrsid4935290 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 7 July 2000
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1257381\charrsid4935290 
\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 Winding Up -}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10961722\charrsid4935290  }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 
whether defective affidavit admissible-meaning of agent, officer, who should sign demand notice - Companies Act s2, 40, 220, 221, 391; Companies (Winding Up) Rules 2}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10961722\charrsid4935290 
1, 24(2), 25; High Court Rules O}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 .41 r.9
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1257381\charrsid4935290 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 The company objected variously to the petition and forms used in the winding up process and several issues were framed for a court ruling.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1257381\charrsid4935290 
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 Held}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290  - (1) Endorsement note ought to be appended to backsheet of affidavit
 - petitioner's signature, although not required, desirable and will be the practice adopted by the court. Leave must be sought if affidavit bears an irregularity.
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2968640 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 (2) Signature on petition is mere surplusage on the completed form.
\par (3) Although there was n
o authority for a solicitor to sign a demand notice, there was no procedural advantage attached to such a narrow legalistic approach. A document signed by a barrister and solicitor will suffice, although solicitors should ensure they hold author}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12474252\charrsid4935290 ity to so sign.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 
\par (4) In the interests of modern day efficacy, the court will recognize a divisional manager as an appropriate witness to depose to an affidavit verifying compliance with rule 25 of the Companies (Winding Up) Rules.
\par (5) An affidavit of service must be complete and must state measures taken to locate registered address of company and that service was properly effected.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14366836 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1257381\charrsid4935290 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 Preliminary objections to the Petition rejected and hearing of Petition to continue.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1257381\charrsid4935290 
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 Cases referred to in judgment
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14825322\charrsid4935290 r}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 ef }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 
Ba Town Council v Fiji Broadcasting Commission & Ors}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290  (1976) 22 FLR 91
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6901065\charrsid4935290 r}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 ef }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 Gleeson v J Whippell & Co Limited}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290  (1977) 1 WLR 510
\par Appl }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 In Re New Zealand Gum Machines Co Limited}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1257381\charrsid4935290  [}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 1922] NZLR 93 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15300607\charrsid4935290 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 Cons }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12192645\charrsid4935290 Re Whitley }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13388340\charrsid4935290 p}{
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 artners Limited}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15300607\charrsid4935290  [1886] 3}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 2 Ch.D 337

\par Cons }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11872464\charrsid4935290 In Re Di}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 ptford Parish Lands}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15300607\charrsid4935290 
 [1934] }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 1 Ch 151
\par Cons }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10961722\charrsid4935290 Bateman Television Limited}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7241052\charrsid4935290 .}{
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290  & Anor}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15675114\charrsid4935290 .}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 
 v Coleridge Finance Co. Limited}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15300607\charrsid4935290  [1969]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290  NZLR 794
\par Foll }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15300607\charrsid4935290 In Re Vi}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 c Groves & Co. Ltd}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10961722\charrsid4935290 
 [1964] 2 All E.R. 839}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15300607\charrsid4935290 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 Foll }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 Re African Farmers Limited}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15300607\charrsid4935290  [}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 1906] 2 Ch. 640
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15300607\charrsid4935290 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10961722\charrsid4935290 [note: appl}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290  in }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 
Chandrika Prasad v Republic of Fiji & Attorney-General}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15157416\charrsid4935290 [2000] HBC0}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8470793\charrsid4935290 217/}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 00L (No. 3) Ruling 15 November, 2000, (No. 5) 2}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10961722\charrsid4935290 0 December 2000, ABU}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13438783\charrsid4935290 007}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13444695\charrsid4935290 8/}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1067469\charrsid4935290 00}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13388340\charrsid4935290  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 1 March, 2001, }{
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13438783\charrsid4935290 Stat}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 e v President of The Fiji Islands, Judicial Services Commission, Chief Justice of Fiji, Attorney-}{
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13438783\charrsid4935290 General, Jayant Prakash}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13388340\charrsid4935290 ; ex-}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13438783\charrsid4935290 part
}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 e Iftakhar Iqbal Ahmad Khan}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13438783\charrsid4935290 
[2000] HBJ007}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid410087\charrsid4935290 /}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 2000L 12 October 2000, }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13393297\charrsid4935290 
Jokapec}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 i Koroi & Ors v Commissioner of}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13393297\charrsid4935290  }{
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 Inland}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13393297\charrsid4935290  }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13393297\charrsid4935290 Revenue & }{
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 Attorney-General}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3440427\charrsid4935290 [2001] HBC 17}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 9}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3440427\charrsid4935290 /}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 2001L judgment of 24 August 2001;}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12192645\charrsid4935290  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3440427\charrsid4935290 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 foll in }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 Sigatoka B}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13393297\charrsid4935290 
uilders Limited v Pushpa Ram & }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 Sa}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13393297\charrsid4935290 njay Prakash Ram}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10961722\charrsid4935290  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3440427\charrsid4935290 [2002] HBC }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13393297\charrsid4935290 182}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3440427\charrsid4935290 /}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 01L judgme}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13393297\charrsid4935290 nt of 22}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid13393297\charrsid4935290 nd}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290  April 2002]
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13393297\charrsid4935290 
\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6359994\charrsid4935290 Adish K. }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 Narayan}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10381211\charrsid4935290 
 for the Petitioning Creditor}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13393297\charrsid4935290 
\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 Samuel Ram for the respondent Company
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13393297\charrsid4935290 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 7 July, 2000}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13393297\charrsid4935290 
\par }\pard \qc \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid13393297 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 RULING
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14366836 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13393297\charrsid4935290 
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 Gates, J
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13393297\charrsid4935290 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 
The Petitioning Creditor has brought Winding Up proceedings against the Respondent Debtor Company under the Companies Act Cap. 247. Preliminary issues were raised by Counsel for the Resp
ondent Debtor Company. I was asked to rule on these submissions prior to proceeding further with the petition.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13393297\charrsid4935290 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 1. Affidavit Defective: Non-compliant with Rules
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13393297\charrsid4935290 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 The Petitioning Creditor, namely Dominion Insurance Limited, is a limited liability company wh
ich had been incorporated and registered in Fiji. In compliance with Rule 25 of the Companies (Winding Up) Rules, and in support of its Petition of 16th December 1999, the Creditor filed an affidavit verifying the Petition. This was sworn by one Satish Sh
ankar on 17th December 1999.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13393297\charrsid4935290 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13393297 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 The affidavit read as follows:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14366836 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13393297\charrsid4935290 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13393297 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 "I SATISH SHANKAR father's name Gauri Shankar of Nadi, Manager}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13393297\charrsid4935290 , make oath and say as follows:-}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14366836 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13393297\charrsid4935290 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6359994 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 1. THAT I am the Manager Western of DOMINION INSURANCE LIMITED
 and am duly authorised by the said Petitioner to ma}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16282916\charrsid4935290 ke this affidavit on its behalf.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6359994 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13393297\charrsid4935290 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6359994 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 
2. THAT such of the statements in the Petition now produced and shown to me, marked "A" as relate to acts and deeds of the said Petitioner are true, and such of the statements as relate to the acts and deeds of any other }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16282916\charrsid4935290 person or persons I believe to b}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 e true."
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14366836 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16282916\charrsid4935290 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 The affidavit appears to have been engrossed with the Petition itself so as to form a continuous single document, that is, the affidavit was not prepared as a sepa
rate document with its own backsheet. Counsel for the Respondent Company complains the affidavit is not endorsed as it should have been in accordance with Order 41 r.9 of the High Court Rules.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16282916\charrsid4935290 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2571502 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1905593\charrsid4935290 Ord. 41 r. 9(2) reads:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16282916\charrsid4935290 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1905593 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1905593\charrsid4935290 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1905593 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10381211\charrsid4935290 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 9. (1) ......
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1905593 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1905593\charrsid4935290 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1905593 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 (2) Every affidavit mu
st be indorsed with a note showing on whose behalf it is filed and the dates of swearing and filing, and an affidavit which is not so indorsed may not be filed or used without the leave o}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12087220\charrsid4935290 f}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290  the Court."
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14366836 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 
\par This information is often conveniently noted on the backsheet as}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16282916\charrsid4935290  follows:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16282916 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 AFFIDAVIT OF MOHAMMED}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16282916\charrsid4935290 

\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 ALEEM}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16282916\charrsid4935290 
\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 Verifying Petition for Winding Up
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12285109 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12285109\charrsid4935290 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12285109 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1905593\charrsid4935290 [Note Indorsed}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid753242\charrsid4935290 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1905593\charrsid4935290 pursuant to Order 41}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid753242\charrsid4935290 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1905593\charrsid4935290 r. 9(2)] of the High}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid753242\charrsid4935290 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1905593\charrsid4935290 Court Rules 1988}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid753242\charrsid4935290 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 (Fiji) as amended.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12285109 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12285109\charrsid4935290 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10381211 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16282916\charrsid4935290 Sworn by}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 : Mohammed Aleem

\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16282916\charrsid4935290 Date sworn:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid753242\charrsid4935290 17 December}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1905593\charrsid4935290  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 1999
\par Date filed: 17 December}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1905593\charrsid4935290  1999}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16282916\charrsid4935290 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 On behalf of: Petitioning Creditor
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14366836 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16282916\charrsid4935290 
\par }{\fs24\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 Such endorsement and format is particularly helpful in interlocutory proceedings where there may be as many as 3 or 4 summonses to be considered}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5251714\charrsid4935290  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 and several affidavits in the action filed for each of the summonses.
 The indorsement assists in picking out the relevant }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5251714\charrsid4935290 Affi}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 
davit for the particular Summons to be heard. Sometimes the indorsement note is placed on the final page of the affidavit and such placing is also correct, although not as helpful for the reasons I have mentioned.
\par 
\par If an affidavit bears an irregularity in its form, such as the omission of}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1905593\charrsid4935290  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 
the endorsement note, leave must be obtained from the court for it to be filed or used [Ord. 41 r.4 and Ord. 41 r. 9(2)]. In this case I am prepared to grant such l}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12285109\charrsid4935290 e
ave to the petitioner. However}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5251714\charrsid4935290  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 
these Rules have good purpose behind them. The failure of counsel to come with adequately prepared affidavits will not always result in a court allowing indulgence under Ord. 41 or Ord. 2 r. 1 see }{
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 Ba Town Council}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290  v. }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 
Fiji Broadcasting Commission and Others}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5251714\charrsid4935290  [1976] 22 FLR 91 at 94B}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 ; }{
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 Gleeson v. J. Whippell & Co. Ltd.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290  [1977] 1 WLR 510.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5251714\charrsid4935290 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 It takes some time to set up documents such as affidavits correctly, once and for all. But once done Solicitors are then assisted by moder
n computers to maintain the format correctly ever after.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5251714\charrsid4935290 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid753242\charrsid4935290 2.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1905593\charrsid4935290  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 Petition not in prescribed form
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1905593\charrsid4935290 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1905593 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 Rule 21 of the Companies (Winding Up) Rules states:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14366836 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5251714\charrsid4935290 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1905593 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 "Every petition shall be in Form No. 3, 4 or 5 with such variations as circumstances may require."

\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14366836 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5251714\charrsid4935290 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 The complaint here is that the Petitioner's signature (in reality, that of}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1905593\charrsid4935290  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 its solicitor) has been added at the conclusion of the Petition at P. 4 and in this regard it is said it fails to comply with the forms because there is no requirement for a signatu
re. It is correct that none of the forms specified in Rule 21 appear to require the petitioner's signature. It is not clear why the petition should not be signed. Petitions and Notices of Appeal provide for the Petitioner's or Appellant's signature [see C
PC Form 31, and Sections 310 and 311 of the Criminal Procedure Code Cap 21]. I can see nothing remiss in such signing. If the insertion of a signature is irrelevant, then I take it as mere surplusage on the completed form and it can be disregarded }{
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 In Re New Zealand Gum Machines Co Ltd}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 
[1922] NZLR 93 at 95. Logic would seem to suggest that a Petitioner petitioning a court would naturally sign his Petition at its conclusion acknowledging it as his and signifying assent to its contents.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5251714\charrsid4935290 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 I favour the signing of
 the petition by the petitioner or by his Barrister and Solicitor, and this will be the practice of this court [see Rule 203]. In instances where the petitioner himself signs I sugges}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1905593\charrsid4935290 
t the petition should conclude:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5251714\charrsid4935290 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid14108789 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 "Presented this }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14108789\charrsid4935290    }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 day of }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14108789\charrsid4935290       }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 2000.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14108789 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 
\par }\pard \ql \li2880\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2880\itap0\pararsid12285109 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 Signed. ....... By the Petitioner"
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14108789 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12600207\charrsid4935290 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14366836 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10381211\charrsid4935290 3. S.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 
221 Notice not under the hand of the creditor
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12600207\charrsid4935290 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 By }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid544382\charrsid4935290 
virtue of Section 220 of the Companies Act a company can be wound up by the court where inter alia the company is unable to pay its debt [}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5990290\charrsid4935290 s}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid544382\charrsid4935290 ection 220 (e)].}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12600207\charrsid4935290 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13136637\charrsid4935290 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1905593 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 Section 221 provides:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14366836 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12600207\charrsid4935290 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12600207 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 A company shall be deeme}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12600207\charrsid4935290 
d to be unable to pay its debts-}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3421704 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 
(a) if a creditor, by assignment or otherwise, to whom the company is indebted in a sum exceeding $100 then due has served on the company, by leaving it at the registered offic
e of the company, a demand under his hand requiring the company to pay the sum so due and the company has, for 3 weeks thereafter, neglected to pay the sum or to secure or compound for it to the reasonable satisfaction of the creditor; or
\par (b)
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12600207\charrsid4935290 (c)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6968257\charrsid4935290  \'85.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14366836 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 
\par Counsel for the Respondent company says that the demand of the 16th October 1999 issued in compliance with Section 221 and }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3421704\charrsid4935290 l}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 eft at the Registered office of the Respondent was not given "under the hand of the Creditor" (the petitioner). He argues the petitioning
 company should have signed through its company's secretary, a director, or other principal officer of the company.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12600207\charrsid4935290 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 The notice was in fact signed by the petitioner's solicitor, and it read as follows:
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12600207\charrsid4935290 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12600207 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 Dominion Insu}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10381211\charrsid4935290 
rance Limited by its solicitors}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12600207\charrsid4935290 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 Messrs A K Narayan & Company
\par per: A K Narayan Signed.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14366836 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12600207\charrsid4935290 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 In every other respect the Section 221 Notice was unremarkable.
\par 
\par There is no prescribed form under the Rules for framing the Section 221 Notice. The issuance of the notice is a preparatory step taken prior to the filing of a petition. The Notice is not a Court form.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12600207\charrsid4935290 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 The Creditor, or someone with his authority, would appear to be the persons contemplated as being able to sign and to issue such a notice. The comm}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12600207\charrsid4935290 on law rule was "qui per alium f}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 acit, per seipsum facere videtur" [He who does anything by another is de}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12600207\charrsid4935290 emed to have done it himself]. Q}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 uain J in }{
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 Re Whitley Partners Ltd}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290  [1886] 32 Ch.D 337 at 34}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5389366\charrsid4935290 0}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290  said: "We ought not to restrict the Common Law Rule}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12600207\charrsid4935290 ,\'85\'85.,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290  unless the statute makes a personal signature
 indispensable". Here Section 221 does not insist on a personal signature. Luxmoore J in }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 In re Diptford Parish Lands}{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 [1934] 1 Ch 151 at 161 had this to say of a solicitor signing an Appellant's Petition of Appeal:
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12600207\charrsid4935290 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12600207 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 
It is convenient that I should deal with the second point, as it has been raised. It was also said that the petition was not properly presented, because the notice, which is a condition }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12600207\charrsid4935290 precedent to the presentation of}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290  the petition, was not under the hands
 of the appellants. I do not think that it would be correct to read s. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12600207\charrsid4935290 11}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 
 of the Act of 1869 as requiring actual physical signature by an appellant. I think it is quite sufficient if an appellant signs the notice by his duly authorised agent. There might b
e reasons which made it impossible for a person to sign, or even to make his }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12600207\charrsid4935290 mark}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 
. The appellant in the present case is a Parochial Church Council. How can such a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12600207\charrsid4935290  body sign under its own hand? I}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 
 think there is no substance in the second objection.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14366836 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12600207\charrsid4935290 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 In England the creditor has to serve on the company "a written demand in the prescribed form", }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12600207\charrsid4935290 
[Insolvency Rules 1986 S1 1986/1925 r}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 .4,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5972123\charrsid4935290  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 
4(2)]. This demand must be signed by the Creditor himself or by a person stating himself to be authorised to make the demand on
 the Creditor's behalf [r.4.4(3)]. In Australia previously, under the Companies Act 1961 it had to be "a demand under his hand or under the hand of his agent thereunto lawfully authorised".
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12600207\charrsid4935290 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 In Fiji Section 2 of the Companies Act an "agent" is defined as not to include a person's Barrister and Solicitor acting as such.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13910570\charrsid4935290 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 Section 40 of }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13910570\charrsid4935290 the Act states:-}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13910570\charrsid4935290 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13910570 {\fs24\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 
A document or proceeding requiring authentication by a company may be signed by a director, secretary or other authorized officer of the company, and need not be under its common seal.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14366836 {\fs24\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13910570\charrsid4935290 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 Document is defined:
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1905593\charrsid4935290 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1905593 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 "document" includes summons, notice, order and other legal pro}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5972123\charrsid4935290 cess, and registers. [Section 2]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14366836 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5972123\charrsid4935290 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 In these proceedings, the Petitioner filed an authority dated 2nd December 1999
. This authorised Satish Shankar inter alia to sign and present a winding up petition, to swear affidavits and sign all documents necessary etc. No papers}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5972123\charrsid4935290  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 were filed authorising the solicitors for the petitioner to issue a demand notice. However, this was not necessary. Indeed a solicitor's authority cannot be disputed at trial. }{
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 In re New Zealand Gum Machines}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 
 (supra) at 95 where the proper course for such challenge was indicated to be a motion for stay.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5972123\charrsid4935290 
\par }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 In Re Whitley Partners Limited}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290  (supra) at 339 in inte
rpreting the meaning of "shall be signed by each subscriber in the presence of and attested by one witness at least." Cotton LJ had this to say:
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5972123\charrsid4935290 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5972123 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 
"The appellant contends that as nothing is said in the statute about signature by an agent, these expressions must mean that the signature is to be af}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5972123\charrsid4935290 fixed by the subscriber himself\'85
}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 I think it would be wrong to hold that an enactment simply referring to signature is not satisfied by signature by means of an agent".
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14366836 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5972123\charrsid4935290 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 In }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 Bateman Television Ltd & Anor. v. Coleridge Finance Co. Limited}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1785961\charrsid4935290  [1969] NZLR 794 at 819 Macarthy J}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290  said:
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1785961\charrsid4935290 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1785961 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 "If I had any doubt, which I have not, I would lean strongly in favour of the efficacy
 of an agent's signature.
\par The practical advantages of that view of the situation are obvious and in a procedural matter such as this are entitled to weight."
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14366836 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1785961\charrsid4935290 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 I conclude therefore that no procedural advantage attaches to a narrow legalistic approach to the
 signing of the Demand Notice. Common sense also dictates that it should be open for the notice to be signed either by the Creditor himself or by his authorised agent, and a creditor could make his Barrister and Solicitor his authorised agent for such pur
p
oses. After all a company has to appear at court by a barrister and a solicitor. If a barrister and a solicitor can properly sign a Notice of Appeal for a company it follows that there could be nothing improper in a barrister and solicitor signing a Secti
on 221 Notice, if so authorised. Solicitors should ensure that they hold such authority.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1785961\charrsid4935290 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 4. Affidavit Verifying Petition not sworn by Director,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10381211\charrsid4935290  Secretary, or other Principal }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2689700\charrsid4935290 o}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 fficer of Company.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13194109\charrsid4935290 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 The Respondent company's counsel submits that the affidavit verifying the petition is defective since it has not been sworn by one of the c}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7238353\charrsid4935290 reditor's principal officers in}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13194109\charrsid4935290  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 
accordance with Rule 25 of the Companies (Winding Up) Rules.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13194109\charrsid4935290 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 Rule 25 provides:
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10307479\charrsid4935290 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10307479 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 Every petition shall be verified by an affidavit, which shall be 
sworn by the petitioner, or by 1 of the petitioners if more that 1, or, where the petition is presented by a corporation, by a director, secretary or other principal officer thereof, and shall be sworn and filed within 4 days after the petition is present
ed and such affidavit shall be prima facie evidence of the contents of the petition.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14366836 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 
\par The affidavit was sworn by Satish Shankar, described as The Manager Western for the petitioning company.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10307479\charrsid4935290 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 Further Section 2 of the Companies Act defines officer as:
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10307479\charrsid4935290 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10307479 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 "officer", in relation to an association or a body corporate, includes a director, manager}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10646162\charrsid4935290  or secretary.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14366836 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10307479\charrsid4935290 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 However that definition is one giving an extended meaning to the ordinary meaning of the word defined. The Shorter Oxford Dictionary gives various def
initions of "officer" including "one to whom a charge is committed, or who}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10307479\charrsid4935290  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 
performs a function; one who holds an office, post or place". "Principal" is defined as "belonging to the first or highest group in rank or importance; prominent or leading".
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10307479\charrsid4935290 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 The d
eponent was Divisional Manager, Western of the petitioner. All Western Division branches came under him. I am told there were only 2 Divisional Managers of the petitioner, (an Insurance company), and one Chief}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10307479\charrsid4935290  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 Executive officer based in Suva. In }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 
Re Vic Groves & Co. Ltd }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1864626\charrsid4935290 [1964] }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 
2 All E.R. 839 there were 32 Divisional Managers of the petitioner, Shell-Mex and BP Ltd, a very substantial company. Pennycuick J accepted that a general manager would qualify as an "other principal officer," but not a Divis
ional Manager where there were 32 of them. His lordship relied on a Practice Note of Simonds J (made in 1937) that an Assistant Secretary of a company was not of sufficient rank, though possibly he might be in a large company.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1864626\charrsid4935290 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 The basis for this objection
 was for the administrative reason that it would be too difficult for the Companies (Winding Up) Department to manage. Presumably the clerks in the department had a duty to reject petitions which were not in the correct form, including affidavits which ha
d
 been verified by officers who could not be classified as "other principal officers". These must now be considered, considering advances in business management techniques, quite old cases. We are in a swifter age where it is unrealistic to expect modern m
anagers of the rank of Chief Executive Officer to be handling Winding Up decisions and affidavits. These are matters more appropriately and more knowledge}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1905593\charrsid4935290 a}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 bly to be handled by Financial Controllers, or Divisional or Branch Heads. It will be a question of de
gree as to whether the officer who deposes on behalf of the petitioning company is or is not an "other principal officer," bearing in mind the size of the company and the responsibilities likely to be carried by the officer in question.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1864626\charrsid4935290 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 Modern business ef
ficacy expects courts to recognise how businesses are managed today and not to waste the time of a corporation's most senior officers with matters now reliably and safely delegated. It is noteworthy that}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1864626\charrsid4935290  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10381211\charrsid4935290 Pennycu}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 
ick J considered the strict application of}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1864626\charrsid4935290  the rule, which was directory o}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 
nly, inconvenient and likely to be amended.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1864626\charrsid4935290 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 His lordship accepted there would be proper cases [petitioner absent}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1864626\charrsid4935290  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 overseas as in }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 Re African Farmers Ltd}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 
 [1906] 1 Ch. 640, or where material facts were more within the knowledge of
 the deponent than of the petitioner himself. Nowadays this will often arise. I consider a Divisional Manager to be an appropriate witness to depose to the affidavit verifying in compliance with Rule 25.
\par 
\par 5. Affidavit of Service of Notice and Petition
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11158569\charrsid4935290 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 Com
plaint was made by Counsel for the respondent that an affidavit of Service of the Section 221 Notice was not served on his client, the debtor. It does not have to be. An affidavit as to service of the petition only is required [Rule 24 (2) Companies (Wind
i
ng Up) Rules]. As it happens the affidavit of the petitioner's Divisional Manager verified the petition. Paragraph 6 of the petition referred to the demand and its service on the 16th October 1999. It did not state who had actually served the demand. This
 should be included in the petition or set out specifically in the affidavit.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11158569\charrsid4935290 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 Service of the Petition is dealt with by Rule 24 which states:
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11158569\charrsid4935290 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11158569 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11158569\charrsid4935290 (1)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid328751\charrsid4935290  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 Every petition shall, unless presented by the company, be served upon the company at its registered office, if
 any, and, if there is no registered office, at the principal or last known principal place of business thereof, by leaving a copy of}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11158569\charrsid4935290  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 the petition with any member, officer or servant of the company, or, if no such member, officer or servant can be found, b
y leaving a copy at such registered office or principal place of business, or by serving it on such member, officer or servant of the company as the court may direct; and, where the company is being wound up voluntarily, the petition shall also be served 
upon the liquidator, if any, appointed for the purpose of winding up the affairs of the company.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14366836 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11158569 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 (2) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11158569\charrsid4935290 An affidavit of}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290  service of such petition shall be sworn and filed by the officer executing service thereof.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14366836 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11158569\charrsid4935290 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 It is desirable in producing full and adequate
 evidence of Service on a company that the correctness of the place of service be established. This means that the bailiff or clerk serving needs to refer in his affidavit to what he was told (naming his source, unless he did the search himself, in which 
case he can give direct evidence on the matter) of the results of a company search revealing the registered office and the registered postal address of the company}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid328751\charrsid4935290 .}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290  He should go on to state that he then served the company at the address discovered in the se
arch. Ideally the affidavit should exhibit a copy of the certificate of incorporation and either an extract from the Registrar of Companies records showing the addresses, or a Solicitor's search form bearing the searching clerk's name and signatures. This
 
evidence will then satisfy a Court that a: (i) Service was properly effected in accordance with Rule 24 (or Section 391 of the Act) on the relevant company, (ii) at its correct address. Too many cases come to Court in which the company's registered addres
s is later found to be incorrect.
\par 
\par When making orders in default of appearance, a Court needs to have full and satisfactory evidence of service to the extent I have indicated. Without such evidence, a Court may not be satisfied that service was indeed effected.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid524847\charrsid4935290 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 The preliminary objections to the Petition are therefore rejected and the Hearing will now continue.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid524847\charrsid4935290 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6766649 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 Preliminary objections dismissed}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 .
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14366836 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5909503\charrsid4935290 
\par }\pard \qr \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8076782 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid4935290 Marie Chan}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14366836\charrsid5909503 

\par }}