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{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid813774 IN THE }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15018803 COURT OF APPEAL OF FIJI \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13203822 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15018803\charrsid813774 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15018803 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13203822\charrsid5192093 NATIONAL BANK OF FIJI ASSE}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8333578 T MANAGEMENT BANK }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15018803 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15018803 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15018803\charrsid15018803 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15018803 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1856065 v}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15018803\charrsid1856065 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15018803 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15018803\charrsid15018803 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15018803 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8333578 SAILOSI KAI}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13203822\charrsid5192093 LOMA TUIROBE \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13203822 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13203822\charrsid13203822 \par Court of Appeal}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid813774 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9581259 Civil Appellate Jurisdiction}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5192093 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13203822\charrsid13203822 Reddy, Casey, Thompson, JJ \par 12 May, 2000 \par ABU0}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5192093 079}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16002908 /}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5192093 98S (on appeal from HBC}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12133583 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5180023 511/}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13203822\charrsid13203822 97) \par \par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13203822\charrsid15018803 Mortgage - security for advances to partner to start}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5192093\charrsid15018803 }{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13203822\charrsid15018803 up business - appeal against High Court judgment \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5192093 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13203822\charrsid13203822 The bank retained a certificate of title to the respondent's property as a third party security for a loan to a Jone Raikabula and refused to release it until payment of the debt. The High Court ordered rel ease of the title, finding that the respondent intended to assist a partnership, not Raikabula alone, and that the Bank acted without authority in treating the title document as security for advances made to Raikabula alone. \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8864075 \par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13203822\charrsid8864075 Held}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13203822\charrsid13203822 - The Bank acted without authority in using the title as security for an overdraft when in fact it was required to finance a partnership. The assumption that Raikabula's account was recognized by the Bank as a partnership was not correct. \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8864075 \par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8864075\charrsid8864075 No c}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13203822\charrsid8864075 ases referred to in judgment \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8864075 \par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13203822\charrsid4470537 Hame}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8864075\charrsid4470537 ndra Nagin and Shaireen Begum fo}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9134983\charrsid4470537 r the appellant}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8864075\charrsid4470537 \par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13203822\charrsid4470537 Sevuloni R Valenitabua for the respondent \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8864075 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13203822\charrsid13203822 12 May, 2000.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15018803 \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15018803 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13203822\charrsid8864075 JUDGMENT}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13203822\charrsid13203822 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13203822 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8864075 \par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13203822\charrsid8864075 Reddy, Casey, Thompson, JJ \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8864075 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13203822\charrsid13203822 In this appeal by the Bank against Scott J.'s judgment of 12 October 1998 there is a dispute over the Bank's right to retain the certificate of title to the respondent's property deposited with it. The Bank treated it as security for a}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8864075 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13203822\charrsid13203822 loan to one Jone Raikabula trading as Bulls Building Contractors, now bankrupt and owing over $7000, and it refused to release }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8864075 the title until payment of the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13203822 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15728968 debt.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13203822\charrsid13203822 In proceedings issued by the respondent His Lordship ordered its return, findi ng that he had not authorised the Bank to use it as security for advances to Raikabula alone, but to a partnership comprising the latter and the respondent's nephew, Etuate Seru, intending to trade as Bulls Building Contractors. \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8864075 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13203822\charrsid13203822 The respondent deposed that he had written to the Bank on 23 January}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8864075 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13203822\charrsid13203822 1992, exhibiting a copy of the letter as follows:- \par \par }\pard \ql \li9720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin9720\itap0\pararsid2971322 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13203822\charrsid13203822 Block 4,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8864075 \par Flat 1, \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13203822\charrsid13203822 Nairai Road}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8864075 \par }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8864075\charrsid8864075 RAI}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13203822\charrsid8864075 WAI \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15018803 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8864075 \par }\pard \ql \li9720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx9720\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin9720\itap0\pararsid2971322 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13203822\charrsid13203822 23rd January, 1992 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15018803 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8864075 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15018803 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15728968 The Manager}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8864075 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15728968 National Bank of Fiji}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8864075 \par }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13203822\charrsid8864075 SUVA \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15018803 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8864075 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15018803 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13203822\charrsid13203822 Dear Sir, \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15018803 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8864075 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15018803 {\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13203822\charrsid8864075 RE: LOAN APPLICATION FOR BULLS' BUILDING CONTRACTORS \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15018803 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8864075 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15018803 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13203822\charrsid13203822 I, Sailosi Kailoma of the above address, am hereby authorising Bulls' Building Contractors to have my land at Lot 27 D.P. 3660, Aideny Road, Raiwaqa, mortgaged by your Bank so as to secure a loan of which they have been requesting with you. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15018803 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8864075 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15018803 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13203822\charrsid13203822 Their current effort to raise some money so as to boost their company has come to my knowledge and I am supporting them and I would like to see them stand on their own two feet and run their Company. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15018803 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8864075 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15018803 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13203822\charrsid13203822 I have known them for the last 15 years and from what I have seen of their work, have promised to support them in whatever way I can. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15018803 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15018803 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15018803 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13203822\charrsid13203822 I do hope your organisation could kindly reconsider their application and help them out to start their own business. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15018803 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8864075 \par }\pard \ql \li9360\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin9360\itap0\pararsid15728968 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15728968 (}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8864075 (S}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13203822\charrsid13203822 gd) Sailosi Kailoma) \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13203822 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8864075 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13203822\charrsid13203822 He wanted to help his nephew, who was going into partnership with Raikabula to construct a house for the Housing Authority. Raikabula had an account with the Bank in his own name, trading as Bulls Building Contractors, and it required security for any advance. Seru gave e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8864075 vidence that they spoke to a b}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13203822\charrsid13203822 ank officer (}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15018803 Mataitoga) explaining what they}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13203822\charrsid13203822 proposed. He delivered his uncle's letter and title, and said they opened an account for Bulls Building Contractors, with both of them as signa tories. However, he discovered later that the Bank had made the advances to Raikabula's personal account which he operated without referen}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16022498 ce to him, and the Bank refused }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13203822\charrsid13203822 to let him see it or to give him any details. When the respondent heard about this he wrote to the Bank on 23 March 1992 withd}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7812983 rawing his mortgage and support.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13203822\charrsid13203822 At that time Raikabula's account was about $5000 overdrawn. \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7812983 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13203822\charrsid13203822 Evidence was given on behalf of the Bank by a loans officer who had to rely on somewhat incomplete records because the off icer who dealt with the matter was no longer available. It is quite clear from his evidence that the only account for Bulls Building Contractors was that conducted by Raikabula}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7812983 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13203822\charrsid13203822 personally. Scott J. accepted Seru's evidence of the dealings with the Bank and held that it had acted without authority in treating the title document as security for the advances made to Rakabula. \par \par The appeal to this court was advanced on the basis that His Lordship erred in not recognising Raikabula as a partner of Bulls Building Contractors, and thus able to operate the firm's account to which the Bank had properly made advances in accordance with the respondent's letter of authority. However, as we have pointed out, the assumption that Rakabula's account was recognised by the Ba n k as that of the partnership between him and Seru is simply not correct. Scott J. accepted Seru's evidence to the effect that the Bank knew his uncle was offering the security for an advance to the partnership only, which confirms what the uncle said in h is letter of 23 January referring throughout to the proprietors of Bulls Building Contractors in the plural. \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7812983 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13203822\charrsid13203822 We are satisfied His Lordship was correct in his overall assessment of the evidence and agree with his conclusion that the Bank acted without autho rity in using the title document as security for the overdraft in Raikabula's account, when the loan officer admitted that the security was required to finance a partnership. \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7812983 \par }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13203822\charrsid7812983 Result}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13203822\charrsid13178395 :}{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13203822\charrsid7812983 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7812983 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13203822\charrsid13203822 The appeal is dismissed with $350 for costs and disbursements to the respondent. \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7812983 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2116103 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13203822\charrsid15018803 Appeal dismissed with costs and disbursements to the respondent.}{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13203822 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13203822 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16022498\charrsid13178395 \par }\pard \qr \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2116103 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13203822\charrsid2116103 Marie Chan \par }}