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{\fdbmajor\f31525\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbmajor\f31526\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
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{\fbimajor\f31542\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fbimajor\f31543\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
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{\flominor\f31556\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbminor\f31558\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbminor\f31559\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbminor\f31561\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbminor\f31562\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbminor\f31563\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
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{\fdbminor\f31566\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fhiminor\f31568\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Calibri CE;}{\fhiminor\f31569\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Calibri Cyr;}
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{\fbiminor\f31585\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fbiminor\f31586\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}}{\colortbl;\red0\green0\blue0;
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\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7298023 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid8865195 HOUSING AUTHORITY}{\rtlch\fcs1 
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid13971749 Shameem, J
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Section 169 application - Show cause why the defendant should not hand over possession of native lease to the plaintiff - whether foreclosure a dealing in land requiring Native Land Trust Board consent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
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- can NLTB consent be implied by subsequent consent to assign the lease to new proprietors - Land Transfer Act (Cap 131) ss73, 169, 172; Native Land Trust Act ss10}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
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 foreclosure. The defendant was served with a Notice to Quit but he refused to vacate the property. The defendant has not shown any right to remain on the land over and above the rights of legal mortgagees.
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid811944 Held}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7281306  -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid13971749 
 If the power of a mortgagee to take possession was subject to NLTB consent, it would render the mortgagee's right to foreclosure uncertain and its inability to take security would frustrate the mortgage itself. The parties intended to give 
effect to the mortgage and the right to foreclose is valid as it is not a dealing in land for purpo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1115834 ses of Native Lands Trust Act s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid13971749 12 thus no consent is required.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid811944 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid13971749 Defendant failed to show cause to remain on the land and is ejected.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid811944 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid811944 Cases referred to in judgment
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid7298023 cons }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid7885116 Chalmers v}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7298023\charrsid7885116  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid7885116 Pardoe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid7298023  (1963) 3 All ER 552
\par cons }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid7885116 Jai Kissun Singh v Sumintra}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid921291  [}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7298023\charrsid7298023 1970}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid921291 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7298023\charrsid7298023  16 FLR 165}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid811944\charrsid7298023 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid7298023 cons }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid7885116 
Fong Lee v Mitlal & Ram Kissun}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid921291  [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7298023\charrsid7298023 1966}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid921291 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7298023\charrsid7298023  12 FLR 4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid811944\charrsid7298023 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid7298023 cons }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid7885116 Shaukat}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid811944\charrsid7885116  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid7885116 Ali v Abdul Razak & Ors}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7298023\charrsid7298023  ABU}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8869367  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7281306 0033}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9001812 /}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid811944\charrsid7298023 98S

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid7298023 appl }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid7885116 
Chandra Kand Pala v ANZ Savings Bank}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid811944\charrsid7298023  Civ App 517/}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7298023\charrsid7298023 83}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid811944\charrsid7298023 
\par fo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid7298023 ll }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid7885116 National Bank of 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname date}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Month}{\xmlattrvalue 1}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Day}{\xmlattrvalue 25}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Year}{\xmlattrvalue 1994}}}Fiji}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid811944\charrsid7885116 {\*\xmlclose} v Abdul K}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid7885116 adeer Hussein}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid811944\charrsid7298023  0331/}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid7298023 94
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid811944 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7885116\charrsid9001812 Vijay Maharaj for the plaintiff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid811944\charrsid9001812 

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid9001812 Tevita Fa for the defendant
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid811944 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid13971749 {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname date}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Month}{\xmlattrvalue 1}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Day}{\xmlattrvalue 
25}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Year}{\xmlattrvalue 1994}}}20 January 2000{\*\xmlclose}.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7298023 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7298023 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid811944 JUDGMENT
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13971749 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid811944 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid811944 Shameem, J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid13971749 .
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid811944 
\par On {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname date}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Month}{\xmlattrvalue 1}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Day}{\xmlattrvalue 25}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Year}{\xmlattrvalue 1994}}}5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs18\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid811944\charrsid10972622 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid13971749  August 1999{\*\xmlclose}
, the Plaintiff issued summons to the Defendant, to show cause why he should not hand over possession of Native Lease No. 21084 at Naveiwakau to the Plaintiff, under section 169 of the Land Transfer Act. The summons were s
upported by the affidavit of Jagdish Prasad, Manager Legal Services of the Housing Authority.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid811944 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid13971749 In that affidavit, Jagdish Prasad sets out the basis for the summons. The Housing Authority is the registered proprietor of the Lease. The Defendant
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid811944  i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid13971749 s a former 
proprietor who had executed a mortgage with the Authority and who had made default in payment of instalments under the mortgage. Under the terms of the mortgage and the Land Transfer Act, the Authority proceeded to apply to foreclose, and the Registrar of
 Titles ordered foreclosure under the Land Transfer Act.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid811944 
\par On {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname date}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Month}{\xmlattrvalue 1}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Day}{\xmlattrvalue 25}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Year}{\xmlattrvalue 1994}}}26}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs18\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid811944\charrsid10972622 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid13971749  February 1999{\*\xmlclose}
, the Defendant was served Notice to Quit but he refused to vacate the property.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid811944 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid13971749 The Defendant, Josefa Qio has filed an aff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10111243 idavit }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8601568 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10111243 showing cause}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8601568 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10111243 . In his affidavit sworn on {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname date}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Month}
{\xmlattrvalue 1}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Day}{\xmlattrvalue 25}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Year}{\xmlattrvalue 1994}}}10}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid10111243\charrsid8869367 th}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid13971749  September 1999{\*\xmlclose}
, he says that the consent of the Native Land Trust Board was necessary for the registration of the Authority's title, and for foreclosure of the mortgage. He says that the Notice to Quit is ther
efore invalid and that the Plaintiff cannot now demand vacant possession.
\par 
\par The Plaintiff filed an affidavit in reply. The affidavit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10111243  of Jagdish Prasad sworn on 16}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs18\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid10111243\charrsid8869367 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid8869367  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid13971749 November 1999, states that the Authority had informed th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10111243 e Native Land Trust Board on 18}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid10111243\charrsid8869367 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid13971749 
 June 1999 that the land was vested in the Authority when the application for foreclosure was made under section 73 of the Land Transfer Act, and that foreclosure under the mortgage (to which the NLTB had consented) did not require the consent of the NLTB
. The letter, which was signed by Jagdish Prasad (Annexure A) said that foreclo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid991396 sure was not a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8601568 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid991396 dealing in land}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8601568 "}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid13971749  under the Land Transfer Act, and therefore did not require the consent of the NLTB.
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10111243 The summons was heard on {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname date}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Month}{\xmlattrvalue 1}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Day}
{\xmlattrvalue 25}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Year}{\xmlattrvalue 1994}}}26}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid10111243\charrsid10972622 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid13971749  November 1999{\*\xmlclose}
. Mr T. Fa for the Defendant submitted that the only issue was whether NLTB consent was required before foreclosure. He said that foreclosure was a dealing in land under section 12 of the Native Land Trust}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11231119  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid13971749 Act. He agreed that the NLTB had consented t
o the mortgage but said that foreclosure required further consent.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11231119 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid13971749 
Mr V. Maharaj disagreed. He submitted that when the NLTB consented to the mortgage, it also consented implicitly, to each of the clauses of the mortgage including Clause 15 which provided 
the right to foreclosure. Moreover, the NLTB consented to the assignment of the lease to the new proprietors (Annexure C of J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11231119 agdish Prasad's affidavit of 16}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid11231119\charrsid10972622 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid13971749 
 November), and that their consent could in any event be implied. He finally submitted that forecl
osure was not a dealing in land requiring NLTB consent, that the Defendant did not deny the debt, the default or that all procedures had been followed under section 169 of the Land Transfer Act.
\par 
\par Section 169 of th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11231119 e Land Transfer Act Cap 131 pro}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid13971749 
vides as follows:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12655432 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11231119 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11231119 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8601568 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid13971749 The following persons may summon any person in possession of land to appear before a judge in chambers to show cause why the person summoned should not give up pos}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid991396 session to the applicant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12655432 :-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid13971749 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12655432 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11231119 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid12655432 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11231119\charrsid8601568 (a) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid8601568 the last registered proprietor of the land.....
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12655432 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\highlight7\langnp2057\insrsid12655432\charrsid6700856 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid12655432 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11231119\charrsid8601568 (b) a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid8601568  lessor against a lessee or tenant where a legal notice to quit has been given or the term of the lease has expired.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8601568 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid8601568 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13971749 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\highlight7\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid6700856 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid8601568 Section 172 of the Act provides:
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11231119 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11231119 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8601568 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid13971749 If the person summoned appears he may show cause why he refuses to give possession of such land a
nd, if he proves to the satisfaction of the judge a right to the possession of the land, the judge shall dismiss the summons....}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8601568 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid13971749 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13971749 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11231119 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid13971749 The question therefore is whether the Defendant has }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8601568 "}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid13971749 a right to the possession of the land.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8601568 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid13971749  The basis of the Defendant's cla
im that he has such a right, is the failure of the Plaintiff to obtain NLTB consent before foreclosing. If he is right, then the Notice to Quit is invalid.
\par 
\par The Native Land Trust Act Cap 134 provides that native land shall not be alienable except to the State.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11231119 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid13971749 Section 10 of the Act provides that all native leases shall be recorded by the Registrar of Titles in a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8601568 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid13971749 Register of Native Leases.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8601568 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid13971749  Section 10(2) of the Act provides:
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11231119 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11231119 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8601568 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid13971749 When a lease made under the provisions of this Act has been registered it shall 
be subject to the provisions of the Land Transfer Act, so far as the same are not inconsistent with this Act, in the same manner as if such lease has been made under that Act, and shall be dealt with in a like manner as a lease so made.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8601568 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid13971749 (my underlining)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid8079669 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13971749 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11231119 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid13971749 Section 12(1) of the Native Land Trust Act provides:
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11231119 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11231119 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8601568 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid13971749 
Except as may be otherwise provided by regulations made hereunder, it shall not be lawful for any lessee under this Act to alienate or deal with the land comprised in his lease or any part thereof, whet
her by sale, transfer or sublease or in any other manner whatsoever without the consent of the Board as lessor or head lessor first had and obtained. The granting or withholding of consent shall be in the absolute discretion o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8079669 f }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid13971749 the Board, and any sale, tra
nsfer, sublease or other unlawful alienation or dealing effected without such consent shall be null and void.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8601568 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid13971749 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13971749 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1788716 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid13971749 It is clear, from the letter annexed to the affidavit of Josefa Qio (Annexure AA) that the NLTB considered the eviction of the Defendant to be nul}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12655432 l and void. The Board Secretary,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid13971749 
 Mr N. Nawaikula, in his letter to the Plaintiff stated:
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1788716 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1788716 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8601568 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid13971749 I a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13532267 m concerned however, that on {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname date}
{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Month}{\xmlattrvalue 1}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Day}{\xmlattrvalue 25}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Year}{\xmlattrvalue 1994}}}15/7/}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid13971749 1998{\*\xmlclose}, under dealing no. 443289 there is an endorsement
 on the title to say that the whole of this land is now vested under Housing Authority. I understand this to be clearly unlawful as I cannot see from our files any consent granted by the Board entitling Housing Authority to be vested with the whole of thi
s land.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8601568 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid13971749 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13971749 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1788716 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid13971749 
The NLTB position is plain. The Defendant is the Board's tenant not the Housing Authority's. The only relationship between the Plaintiff and the Defe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13840623 
ndant is the Mortgage dated {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname date}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Month}{\xmlattrvalue 1}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Day}{\xmlattrvalue 25}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Year}{\xmlattrvalue 1994}}}25}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid13840623\charrsid6310138 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid13971749  January 1994{\*\xmlclose}
. That mortgage does not, according to the Board, entitle the Authority to evict the Defendant without the consent of the Board.
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13840623 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid13971749 
he questions for the Court are as follows: Firstly is foreclosure a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8601568 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid13971749 dealing in land}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8601568 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid13971749  for which the consent of the NLTB is required? Secondly, if it is, can that consent be implied by the NLTB's consent to assign the lease to the new propr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13840623 ietors of the lease namely Makal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid13971749 
esi Radinivitilevu and Mereadani Nakalesi? Thirdly, if the consent of the NLTB is not necessary, has the Defendant shown that he has a right to remain on the land?
\par 
\par I turn to the first question. What is a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8601568 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid13971749 dealing in land}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8601568 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid13971749 ? Mr Fa referred me to the Privy Council case of }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid11282508 Chalmers v. Pardoe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid13971749 
 (1963) 3 All ER 552 which discussed these words in the context of development on native land without consent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8079669 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid13971749 
 On the appeal from the Fiji Court of Appeal, the appellant claimed he had an equitable charge on the land that had been leased to the respondent to the value of buildings he had erected. The appellant had later been evicte
d by the respondent. The Privy Council held that a dealing with land had clearly taken place for the purposes of s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13840623 ection 12 of the old Native Lan}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid13971749 d Trust Ordinance because }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8601568 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid13971749 the Board found itself with six more buildings on the land without having the opport
unity of considering beforehand whether this was desirable. It would seem ... that this is one of the things that s.12 was designed to prevent.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8601568 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid13971749 
\par 
\par In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid11282508 Jai Kissun Singh v. Sumintra}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid921291  [}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid13971749 1970}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid921291 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid13971749  16 FLR 165, a native leasehold had been held by the respondent and her son the appellant as tenants in common in equal shares. By virtue of a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid15145853 panchayat}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid13971749 
 agreement the respondent agreed to sell her half of the interest in the land and the cane contract to her son, the appellant. The appellant then took over management of the farm. The question was w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13205463 hether a later consent to the NLT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid13971749 
B was valid when the terms of the panchayat agreement (which had not been signed by the respondent)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7885116  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid13971749 named the appellant as the respondent's agent.
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11282508 The Court of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid13971749 
 Appeal held (Marsack JA dissenting) that the agreement was a dealing in land within the meaning of section 12 of the Native Land Trust Ordinance, and that the agreement was null and void.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15597878 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid13971749 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid11282508 
Fong Lee v. Mitlal and Ram Kissun}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid13971749  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid921291 [1966] }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid13971749 12 FLR 4, an application by t
he purchaser for the consent of the NLTB for the purchase of leasehold, was made after the sale and purchase agreement had been executed. It was held by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid7558749 the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4019170\charrsid7558749  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid7558749 Court of Appeal that the appellant was entitled to specific performance of the contract, despite the fact that consent had not been obtained until after execution of the contract.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7558749 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid7558749 What then, is the mischief that section 12 is intended to prevent? It seems clear on a reading of the section, and of the Privy Council decision in }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7558749\charrsid11282508 Chalmers}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid11282508  v. Pardoe}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid7558749  (supra)
, that it is intended to prevent alienation or dealing with land which the Native Land Trust Board should be able to prevent, and certainly to know about.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4666851 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid7558749 It is not disputed that the Board consented to the mortgage. Nor is it in dispute that the Board consented to the assignment of t}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15145853 he lease to the new proprietors.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid13971749 
\par 
\par Clause 14 of the mortgage provides:
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4666851 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4666851 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8601568 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid13971749 THAT the power of and all other powers conferred on a Mortgagee by the Property Law Act 1971 may be exercised by the Mortgagee immediately upon or at any t
ime after default in payment of a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8601568 ny of the moneys hereby secured}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid13971749 ....}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8601568 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid13971749 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13971749 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4666851 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid13971749 
Clause 15 provides that upon the power of sale becoming exercisable the Mortgagee may take possession. There is no dispute that the Authority satisfied the requirements of the Land Transfer Act before proceeding to bring the application under section 169.

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4666851 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid13971749 
If Clauses 14 and 15 of the mortgage between the plaintiff and the defendant were to be read subject to the consent of the NLTB under section 12 of the Native Land Trust Board Act, it would clearly render the mortgagee's right to foreclose uncertain.

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4666851 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid13971749 
Indeed, I would go further and say that the inability of the mortgagee to realise its security by taking possession without further consent, would frustrate the mortgage itself.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4666851 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid13971749 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid11282508 
Shaukat Ali v. Abdul Razak and Others}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid13971749  Ci}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15992502 vil Appeal No. ABU
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14287329  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15992502 0033 of 1998S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid13971749 , the Court of Appeal said that where the consent of the Director of Lands was required in respect of a mortgage, further consent was not required in respect of a transfer of that mort
gage to another person.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2427658 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid13971749 The relationship between section 12 of the NLTB Act and mortgages was discussed in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid11282508 Chandra Kant Pala v. ANZ Savings Bank}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid13971749 
 Civil Appeal No. 517 of 1983. The Court of Appeal said that it was arguable that section 12 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8601568 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid13971749 does not}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2427658  apply to mortgages whic}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid13971749 h do not purport to do anything more than charge land in favour of a mortgagee.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8601568 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid13971749 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2427658 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid3891099 
However for the purpose of that decision, the Court accepted that a mortgage was a dealing in land. In that case, the Board had consented to the mortgages. The appellant argued that the terms of the mortgages were ineffective. The Court said at page 10:}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid13971749 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1583864 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1583864 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8601568 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid13971749 Unless by operation of law the two mortgages could not be effective (were dead as it were), there is no way in which the appellant could possibly argue that th
ey were now not binding him and effective. He himself signed applications for consent to mortgage in respect of those two mortgages, and after obtaining it, they were registered. There is no suggestion that the partie}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8601568 s intended fresh mortgages....}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid13971749 of course the parties intended that they should become operative.}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8601568 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid13971749 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13971749 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1583864 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid13971749 
In this case the Defendant himself applied for consent to execute the mortgage. The land, the mortgagee, the amount of the principal sum of $50,000 and the term of the mortgage were specified in th
e application. The NLTB consented. The mortgage was signed by the parties. It is clear that the parties intended to give effect to the mortgage. The Defendant received his money.
\par 
\par It would be quite wrong, in my view to now claim, as the Defendant claims, that the clauses of the mortgage have no effect without further consent.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1583864 
\par As Fatiaki}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid13971749  J said in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid11282508 
National Bank of Fiji v. Abdul Kadeer Hussein}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid13971749 
 Civil Action No. 0331 of 1994, the mortgagee has a right not only under the terms of the mortgage but also by virtue of section 75 of the Property Law Act Cap 130, to claim possession of the security. He referred to Buckley LJ's judgment in }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid11282508 Western Bank Ltd v. Schindler}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid13971749 
 (1977) 1 Ch 1 when he said:
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2889154 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2889154 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8601568 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid13971749 A legal mortgagee's right to possession is a common law right which is 
an incident to his estate in the land. It should not be lightly treated as abrogated or restricted. Although it is perhaps most commonly exercised as a preliminary step to an exercise of the mortgagee's power of sale, so that the sale may be made with vac
ant possession, this is not its only value to the mortgagee. The mortgagee may wish to protect his security .... He might wish to take possession for the purpose of carrying out repairs or to prevent waste.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8601568 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid13971749 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13971749 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2889154 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid13971749 The purpose of section 12 of the NLTB Act is to prevent land being dealt with without the knowledge and consent of the NLTB. I find that this p}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2889154 urpose was fulfilled when the NLT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid13971749 B consented to the mortgage.

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2889154 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid13971749 The purpose for the mortgage was to give the Plaintiff security for the money advanced. The Plaint
iff and the Defendant were willing parties to this agreement, and I }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2889154 f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid13971749 ind that the mortgage and the right to foreclose valid. The act of foreclosure per se is not a dealing in land for the purpose of section 12. The consent of the NLTB was not required.

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2889154 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid13971749 
It follows therefore, in answer to the second question, that there is no need to consider whether the NLTB impliedly consented to foreclosure by its subsequent consent to re-assign the lease.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8808852 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid13971749 It also follows in response to my third question, that the Defe
ndant has not shown that he has any right to remain on the land over and above the rights of the legal mortgagee.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8808852 
\par For these reasons I fin}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid13971749 d that the Defendant has faile}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8808852 
d to show cause under section 16}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid13971749 9 of the Land Transfer Act.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8808852 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid13971749 The Defendant must pay the Plaintiff costs of this application to be taxed if not agreed.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8808852 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid12655432 Application granted.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qr \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10165787 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13971749\charrsid10165787 Marie Chan
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