{\rtf1\adeflang1025\ansi\ansicpg1252\uc1\adeff0\deff0\stshfdbch0\stshfloch0\stshfhich0\stshfbi0\deflang1033\deflangfe1033\themelang1033\themelangfe0\themelangcs0{\fonttbl{\f0\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f34\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02040503050406030204}Cambria Math;}{\f38\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0604030504040204}Tahoma;}
{\flomajor\f31500\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbmajor\f31501\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fhimajor\f31502\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02040503050406030204}Cambria;}{\fbimajor\f31503\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
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{\fhiminor\f31506\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020f0502020204030204}Calibri;}{\fbiminor\f31507\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f336\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f337\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f339\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f340\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f341\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f342\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f343\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f344\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f676\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Cambria Math CE;}
{\f677\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Cambria Math Cyr;}{\f679\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Cambria Math Greek;}{\f680\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Cambria Math Tur;}{\f683\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Cambria Math Baltic;}
{\f684\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Cambria Math (Vietnamese);}{\f716\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Tahoma CE;}{\f717\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Tahoma Cyr;}{\f719\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Tahoma Greek;}
{\f720\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Tahoma Tur;}{\f721\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Tahoma (Hebrew);}{\f722\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Tahoma (Arabic);}{\f723\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Tahoma Baltic;}
{\f724\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Tahoma (Vietnamese);}{\f725\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset222\fprq2 Tahoma (Thai);}{\flomajor\f31508\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flomajor\f31509\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flomajor\f31511\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flomajor\f31512\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flomajor\f31513\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flomajor\f31514\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flomajor\f31515\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flomajor\f31516\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbmajor\f31518\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbmajor\f31519\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbmajor\f31521\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbmajor\f31522\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbmajor\f31523\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
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{\fdbmajor\f31526\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fhimajor\f31528\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Cambria CE;}{\fhimajor\f31529\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Cambria Cyr;}
{\fhimajor\f31531\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Cambria Greek;}{\fhimajor\f31532\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Cambria Tur;}{\fhimajor\f31535\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Cambria Baltic;}
{\fhimajor\f31536\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Cambria (Vietnamese);}{\fbimajor\f31538\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbimajor\f31539\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fbimajor\f31541\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbimajor\f31542\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fbimajor\f31543\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbimajor\f31544\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fbimajor\f31545\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbimajor\f31546\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flominor\f31548\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flominor\f31549\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flominor\f31551\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flominor\f31552\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flominor\f31553\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flominor\f31554\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flominor\f31555\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flominor\f31556\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbminor\f31558\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbminor\f31559\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbminor\f31561\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbminor\f31562\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbminor\f31563\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbminor\f31564\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbminor\f31565\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbminor\f31566\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fhiminor\f31568\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Calibri CE;}{\fhiminor\f31569\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Calibri Cyr;}
{\fhiminor\f31571\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Calibri Greek;}{\fhiminor\f31572\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Calibri Tur;}{\fhiminor\f31575\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Calibri Baltic;}
{\fhiminor\f31576\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Calibri (Vietnamese);}{\fbiminor\f31578\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbiminor\f31579\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fbiminor\f31581\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbiminor\f31582\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fbiminor\f31583\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbiminor\f31584\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fbiminor\f31585\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbiminor\f31586\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}}{\colortbl;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue255;\red0\green255\blue255;\red0\green255\blue0;\red255\green0\blue255;\red255\green0\blue0;
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{\*\defpap \ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 }\noqfpromote {\stylesheet{\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 
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\cs16 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af38\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \f38\fs16 \sbasedon10 \slink15 \slocked \ssemihidden Balloon Text Char;}{\s17\qj \fi576\li0\ri0\sa72\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext17 Style 1;}{\s18\qj \fi576\li288\ri0\sa72\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin288\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
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\pard\plain \ltrpar\qr \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3408170 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid15613333\charrsid4481902 [2000] 1 FLR 323
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5333296 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5333296\charrsid4481902 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4481902 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid15613333\charrsid4481902 COURT OF APPEAL OF FIJI}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs24\insrsid15613333 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid4481902 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid4481902\charrsid4481902 Criminal Appeal
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8743305 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid15169625\charrsid4481902 VIJAY KRISHNA GOUNDA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs24\insrsid10902497\charrsid4481902 R,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid3408170\charrsid4481902 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid10902497\charrsid4481902 SHYAM MURTI,
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid3408170\charrsid4481902 SEN CHAND &
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4481902 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid8743305\charrsid4481902 SUR}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs24\insrsid3408170\charrsid4481902 J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid8743305\charrsid4481902 I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid15169625\charrsid4481902 T KUMAR}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs24\insrsid15613333 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid4481902\charrsid4481902 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5074648\charrsid4481902 v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid15613333\charrsid4481902 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8743305 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid4481902 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4481902 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid15169625\charrsid4481902 STATE}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid8002200 

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid4481902\charrsid4481902 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15169625 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid15169625\charrsid4481902 Casey, Ward and Byrne, JJ
\par 1 December, 2000
\par AAU0010}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid3408170\charrsid4481902 /96L (on appeal from HAC}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid15169625\charrsid4481902 0}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid3558813\charrsid4481902 
0}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid15169625\charrsid4481902 8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid3408170\charrsid4481902 /}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid15169625\charrsid4481902 94L)
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid8743305\charrsid4481902 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid15169625\charrsid4481902 Murder - appeal against conviction - whether trial judge misdirected himself on identification - whether confessions were voluntary and should be admitted - whe
ther 15 year old juvenile's will was overborne - Police Act Standing Or}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid1443936\charrsid4481902 ders of Fiji Police Force rule }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs24\insrsid15169625\charrsid4481902 29.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid8743305\charrsid4481902 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid15169625\charrsid4481902 Appellants intended to kill deceased at Wailoaloa Beach, Nadi and use his van to drive to Ba to steal $10,000 but house empty. Appellants appealed on
 six grounds: failure of the trial judge to direct the assessors and himself on the question of identification, wrongly admitting the confessional statements of the appellants, giving no proper direction on the weight and probative value of the confession
al statements. At the hearing counsel for the appellants sought leave to add a further ground that the appellants should have been separately represented.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid8743305\charrsid4481902 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid1398465\charrsid4481902 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid15169625\charrsid4481902 Held}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid15613333\charrsid4481902  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid15169625\charrsid4481902 
- (1) Appellants were represented at trial by experienced counsel who did not make an application for separate representation, and there was no real conflict of interest, thus leave on seventh ground of appeal refused.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15613333 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid15613333\charrsid4481902 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid15169625\charrsid4481902 (2) No }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\fs24\insrsid15169625\charrsid4481902 Tu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\fs24\insrsid15613333\charrsid4481902 
rn}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\fs24\insrsid15169625\charrsid4481902 bull}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid15169625\charrsid4481902 -type direction from the Judge was necessary as identification was not a real issue.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid15613333\charrsid4481902 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid15169625\charrsid4481902 (3) Despite length of delay in conducting and concluding interviews, Judge had ample reasons to admit the statements.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid15613333\charrsid4481902 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid15169625\charrsid4481902 (4) Although Murti was a juvenile, being a cane-cutter, he was used to the hard realities of life and was more mature than a person under 17 who was not so employed.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1398465 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid8743305\charrsid4481902 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15169625 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid15169625\charrsid4481902 Appellants properly convicted.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid8743305\charrsid4481902 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid15169625\charrsid4481902 No Cases referred to in judgment
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid8743305\charrsid4481902 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid15169625\charrsid4481902 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid8743305\charrsid4481902 bhay K Singh for the appellants
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid15169625\charrsid4481902 Josaia Naigulevu for the respondent
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid8743305\charrsid4481902 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8743305 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid8743305\charrsid4481902 1 December 2000.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid15613333\charrsid4481902 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid3558813\charrsid4481902 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15613333 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid15169625\charrsid4481902 JUDGMENT
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8743305 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid1398465\charrsid4481902 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15169625 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid8743305\charrsid4481902 Casey, Ward and Byrne, JJ}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs24\insrsid15169625\charrsid4481902 .
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid8743305\charrsid4481902 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid15169625\charrsid4481902 This is an appeal against the convictions for murder of the Appellants in the High Court at Lautoka on the 22nd of May 1996.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid8743305\charrsid4481902 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid15169625\charrsid4481902 The Appellants were charged with the murder of a van driver named Mohammed Faiz at Wailoaloa Beach, Nadi on or about the 6th of January 1994. The}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid15613333\charrsid4481902  cause of death was certified }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid15169625\charrsid4481902 asphyxia due to drowning. At the time of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid8743305\charrsid4481902  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid15169625\charrsid4481902 his}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid8743305\charrsid4481902  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid15169625\charrsid4481902 death, the deceased was aged about 20. His body was found at about 5.30 a.m. on the 6th of January 1994, by a woman and her husband who were walking along the beach. 
The body was facing downwards but was not submerged in the water as the tide was just going down. Part of the body was covered with sand.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid8743305\charrsid4481902 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid15169625\charrsid4481902 The events leading up to the murder are described by the four Appellants in records of interview conducted at Nadi Police Station on the 16th and 17th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid3941465\charrsid4481902  of February 1994 and are brief.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid15169625\charrsid4481902 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid8743305\charrsid4481902 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid15169625\charrsid4481902 At some time between 11.30 p.m. on the 5th of January and approximately 1.00 a.m. on the 6th of January 1994 the Appellants engaged the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid3941465\charrsid4481902  deceased to drive them to Wailo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid15169625\charrsid4481902 aloa Beach. There they
 intended to kill him and then use his van to drive them to Ba where they planned to steal $10,000.00 which they believed to be in a house there. As it happened the house was empty when they arrived in Ba. The method they used to kill the deceased was to 
s
trangle him with a belt, belonging to the second and the youngest of the Appellants Shyam Murti. On being satisfied after feeling his body go limp that he was dead they then dragged him to the sea and pushed his head in the water about six times. They the
n left in the van for Ba and were not arrested until the 16th of February 1994.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid8743305\charrsid4481902 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid15169625\charrsid4481902 Originally the Appellants gave six grounds 
of appeal alleging failure by the trial judge to direct the assessors and himself on the question of identification, wrongly admitting the confessional statements of the Appellants, and giving no proper direction on the weight and probative value of}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid15613333\charrsid4481902  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid15169625\charrsid4481902 the confessional statements.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid8002200\charrsid4481902 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid15169625\charrsid4481902 
At the hearing before us, counsel for the Appellants, who did not appear at the trial, sought leave to add a further ground namely that the Appellants should have been separately represented at their trial.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid8002200\charrsid4481902 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid15169625\charrsid4481902 After hearing submissions from Mr. Singh and Mr. Naigulevu, we refused leave to add this ground because at the trial the Appellants had been represented by}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid3750539\charrsid4481902  very experienced counsel, Mr. G}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid3558813\charrsid4481902 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid15169625\charrsid4481902 P}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid3558813\charrsid4481902 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid15169625\charrsid4481902  Shankar, who did not make any application to the trial judge for separate representation 
of the Appellants and there was no real conflict of interest.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid8002200\charrsid4481902 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid15169625\charrsid4481902 
Counsel for the Appellants first argued that the learned trial judge was wrong in not directing the Assessors and himself on the question of identification of the Appellants. In our view this i
s not a case where identification was a real issue and consequently did not merit a Turnbull-type direction.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid8002200\charrsid4481902 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid15169625\charrsid4481902 Counsel for the Appellants then argued that because of the length of time during which the interviews were conducted on the 16th and 17th of Febru
ary 1994 from approximately 8.40 p.m. to 8.14 a.m. the next day this Court should hold that the questioning was oppressive and the confessions therefore should not have been held to be voluntary.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid8002200\charrsid4481902 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid15169625\charrsid4481902 Particular attention was paid by Mr. Singh to the record of interview of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid8002200\charrsid4481902  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid15169625\charrsid4481902 
the youngest of the Appellants Shyam Murti, who gave his age to the Police at the time his record of interview began as 17 years, when there was later evidence in the form of his birth certificate that he was aged only 15 years. Murti was arr
ested and brought to the Nadi Police Station at 2.56 p.m. on the 16th of February, but his interv}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid15613333\charrsid4481902 iew did not begin until 8.37 p.m}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid15169625\charrsid4481902 . that day. It concluded at 7.30 a.m. the following day for reasons which we shall give shortly.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid8002200\charrsid4481902 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid15169625\charrsid4481902 It was submitted by Mr. Singh
 that as a juvenile, defined in the Juvenile Act Cap. 56 as a person who has not attained the age of 17 years he should have been interviewed in the presence of a parent or guardian, and he was not. This was a reference to Rule 29 of the Standing Orders o
f
 the Police Force issued by the Commissioner of Police which states that as far as practical children and young persons who are included in the expression "juveniles" in the Juvenile Act should only be interviewed in the presence of a parent or guardian. 
It was alleged that the absence of such a person during the interview affected the fairness of the interview because, being under 17, it was more likely that his will had been overborne, thus rendering his confession involuntary.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid8002200\charrsid4481902 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid15169625\charrsid4481902 It is apparent that the re
asons why Murti was detained for some six hours at the Police Station before his interview began, were that when he was brought to the Station, he gave the names of the other Appellants who were involved in the murder. It took the Police considerable time
 to arrest the other three and during that time, he was free to move around but not leave the Station. They also had to arrange for the Deputy Divisional Crime Officer Western, S.P. Selva Naicker to come to Nadi which he was not}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid3750539\charrsid4481902  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid15169625\charrsid4481902 able to do until after 8.40 
p.m. It was also necessary to arrange for extra Police to conduct and be present at the interviews of the Appellants.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid8002200\charrsid4481902 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid15169625\charrsid4481902 Despite the length of the delay which included a break of some 42 hours while the Police and the Appellants visited the scene of the crim
e, Ba and Legalega where the deceased's van was abandoned, we are satisfied that it was adequately explained. We consider the judge had ample reasons to admit the statements.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid8002200\charrsid4481902 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid15169625\charrsid4481902 As to the alleged vulnerability of the Appellan
t Murti because of his age, in our opinion the learned trial judge was correct when he said in his ruling on the Voir Dire that although Murti was a juvenile in the eyes of the law, being a cane-cutter he}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid15613333\charrsid4481902  was used to the hard realities }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid15169625\charrsid4481902 of life and so more 
mature than a person under 17 who was not so employed. Clearly the assessors who were unanimous in their decision accepted this also.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid8002200\charrsid4481902 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid15169625\charrsid4481902 Considering all the evidence we are satisfied that the Appellants were properly convicted and their appeals are therefore dismissed.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid15613333\charrsid4481902 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5333296 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid15169625\charrsid4481902 Appeals dismissed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs24\insrsid8002200\charrsid4481902 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qr \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14252767 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid15169625\charrsid4481902 Marie Chan
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