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{\fdbminor\f31562\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\fdbminor\f31563\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\fdbminor\f31564\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}
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{\fhiminor\f31569\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Calibri Cyr;}{\fhiminor\f31571\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Calibri Greek;}{\fhiminor\f31572\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Calibri Tur;}
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{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\qr \li0\ri0\sb100\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12003946 \cbpat8 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\field\flddirty{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994  HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org.vu/fj/cases/FJHC/1999/59.html" \\
o "View Case" }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 [1999] 45 FLR 126}}}\sectd \ltrsect\psz9\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid13132994\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 
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HIGH COURT OF FIJI}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid12003946 
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Revisional Jurisdiction}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid13132994\charrsid13132994 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12003946 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid13132994\charrsid13132994 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 THE STATE}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 PERMANENT SECRETARY FOR JUSTICE &}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 SECRETARY, PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 ex parte}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid13132994\charrsid13132994 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 METUISELA WAQANISAU}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 Scott J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13132994 
\par 
\par 30 June 1999}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946 
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Public Service- disciplinary proceedings- bias- extent of delegation allowed to Public Service Commission- Constitution (1997) Sections 127 (3) & 157 (1)- Public Service Commission (Constitution) Regulations 1990, Part V.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 
The Applicant was dismissed from the Public Service. He sought judicial review of the decision to dismiss him. The High Court quashed the dismissal. It HELD: (i
) that the applicant was given no opportunity to be heard on the question of penalty (ii) that the PSC failed to give reasons for its decision and (iii) that the proceedings were fatally flawed since the Permanent Secretary had acted both as prosecutor an
d as Judge in the same cause thereby breaching both the Rules of Natural Justice and the requirements of the Regulations.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 Cases cited:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 
\par 
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Akbar Buses v TCB}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13132994  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 - (C.A. 9/84-FCA Reps 84/40)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 General Medical Council v Spackman}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13132994  }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6243680\charrsid13132994 HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org.vu/cgi-bin/LawCite?cit=%5b1943%5d%20AC%20627" \\o "View LawCite Record"}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\ul\cf2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 [1943] AC 627}}}\sectd \ltrsect\psz9\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid13132994\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 Pacific Transport v Khan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13132994  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 (ABU 21/96 - FCA Reps 97/3)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13132994 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 
Permanent Secretary for Public Service Commission v Epeli Lagiloa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13132994  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 -
 (ABU 38/96 - FCA Reps 97/578)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12003946 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 R v 
Lancashire County Council ex parte Huddleston}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13132994  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 [1986] 2 All ER 941}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 State v TCB ex parte Peni Company Ltd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13132994  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 HBJ 22/94S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 The State v PSC ex parte Michael Raman}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13132994  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 \endash  HBJ 13/1994S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12003946 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 Motion for judicial review inthe High Court.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 I.V. Tuberi\~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 for the Applicant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 E. Walker}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 \~for the Respondents}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 Scott J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12003946 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 
The Applicant moves for judicial review of a decision taken by the First Respondent on 16 October 1998 to dismiss him from the Public Service. No complaint is made directly against the Second Respondent who was technically the Applicant\rquote 
s employer but these proceedings raise the important question of how far the Second Respondent\rquote s delegation of its powers to the First Respondent was compatible with the due exercise of disciplinary proceedings and as such the Second Respon
dent is obviously at least an interested party.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12003946 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 
The following affidavits were filed:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi11\li709\ri566\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin566\lin709\itap0\pararsid12003946 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13132994 (i)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994  Applicant\rquote s affidavit in support filed 14 December 1998;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi11\li709\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid12003946 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13132994 (ii) 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid13132994\charrsid13132994 st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13132994  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 Respondent\rquote s 1st affidavit filed 27 January 1999;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13132994 (iii) 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid13132994\charrsid13132994 st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13132994  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 Respondent 2nd\~affidavit filed 10 March 1999; and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13132994 (iv)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994  Applicant\rquote s affidavit in reply filed 6 April 1999.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12003946 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 By agreement with counsel written submissions were also to be filed. Mr. Tuberi with his usual diligence filed a most helpful written submission on 4 May
. Mr. Walker failed to file anything and made no oral submissions: not, it must be said a very impressive performance.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 On 30 August 1995 the Applicant was appointed on one year\rquote s probation as a clerical officer (Affidavit in support \endash  Exhibit B). 
Confirmation of the 12 months appointment was to be subject to a pass in the H1 examination. So far as I can gather there has been no pass and no confirmation of the appointment but in the absence of any point being taken on this by either counsel I propo
se to treat the Applicant as being a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13132994  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 de facto}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13132994  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 
confirmed appointee and as such a person entitled to the protection conferred on him by Regulations.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 Towards the end of September 1997 two complaints were received against the Applicant who was at that time wo
rking as a counter clerk in the Office of the Registrar of Companies. The first complaint was made by Mohammed Arsad Khan (First Respondent\rquote s second affidavit \endash  Exhibit E) while the second was made by Mathew Hill (First Respondent\rquote 
s second affidavit \endash  Exhibit A). The complaint in both cases was that the Applicant had solicited payment for himself for performing his duties. Both complaints were referred by the Administrator General (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13132994 Mr. W. A. Archibald) to the 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid13132994\charrsid13132994 st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13132994  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 Respondent.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13132994 On 6 October 1997 the 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid13132994\charrsid13132994 st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13132994  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 Resp
ondent charged the Applicant with four major disciplinary offences contrary to Regulations 36 (a), (q) and (t) of the Public Service (Constitution) Regulations 1990 (the Regulations) (FRG 18/12/1990) (supporting affidavit \endash 
 Exhibit C). The Applicant was required to answer the charges within 14 days pursuant to the provisions of Regulation 41 (2).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 The Applicant\rquote s first answer was sent to the 1st\~Respondent on 16 October (supporting affidavit \endash 
 Exhibit F) and following further correspondence a second and expanded answer was s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13132994 ent by the Applicant to the 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid13132994\charrsid13132994 st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13132994  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 Respondent on 14 April 1998 (supporting affidavit \endash  Exhibit M).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 On 22 September 1998 the Appli}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13132994 cant was interviewed by the 1}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid13132994\charrsid13132994 st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13132994  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 Respondent in relation to the charges. Also present at the interview was Principal Assistant Secretary Mrs Viniana McGoon. On 14 October 1998 the Applicant w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13132994 as again interviewed by the 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid13132994\charrsid13132994 st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13132994  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 Respondent and Mrs. McGoon. The record of these int}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13132994 erviews is Exhibit C to the 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid13132994\charrsid13132994 st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13132994  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 Respondent\rquote s second affidavit.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13132994 On 16 October the 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid13132994\charrsid13132994 st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13132994  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 Respon
dent advised the Applicant that his employment in the Public Service had been terminated (supporting affidavit - Exhibit M).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13132994 The Applicant impugns the 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid13132994\charrsid13132994 st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13132994  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 Respondent\rquote s decision to dismiss him on 4 grounds:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi11\li709\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid12003946 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13132994 (i)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994  bias;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13132994 (ii)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994  failing to hear the Applicant;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13132994 (iii)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994  failing to give reasons; and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13132994 (iv)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994  unreasonableness.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12003946 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 It will be convenient to take these four grounds in the order (ii), (iii), (iv) and (i).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 In view of the correspondence exhibited to the affidavits and the two interviews be}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9649100 tween the Applicant and the 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid9649100\charrsid9649100 st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9649100  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 
Respondent and Mrs. McGoon it cannot in my view plausibly be argued that the Applicant was not given a fair opportunity to answer the charges brought against him. It is however apparent that no opportunity was given to the Applicant to address the qu}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13132994 estion of penalty after the 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid13132994\charrsid13132994 st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13132994  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 
Respondent reached the decision to find him guilty. While it might be argued that in view of the seriousness of the charges a hearing as to penalty \'93would have made no difference\'94 such
 arguments are not viewed with favour in administrative law (see e.g.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13132994  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\ul\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 General Medical Council v Spackman}{\field\flddirty{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 
 HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org.vu/cgi-bin/LawCite?cit=%5b1943%5d%20AC%20627" \\o "View LawCite Record" }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 [1943] AC 627}}}\sectd \ltrsect
\psz9\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid13132994\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 , 644). Furthermore, the Fiji Court of Appeal has made it quite clear in}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13132994  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 Permanent Secretary for Public Service Commission v Epeli Lagiloa}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13132994  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 (ABU 21/96 - FCA Reps 97/578 at p. 16) that a public servant}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13132994  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 must}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13132994  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 be given an opportunity to be heard both as to guilt and as to penalty. This ground succeeds.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 As will be seen from }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13132994 the letter of dismissal the 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid13132994\charrsid13132994 st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13132994  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 
Respondent neither advised the Applicant in respect of which charge he had been found guilty nor provided reasons either for reaching findings of guilt nor for imposing the penalty of dismissal.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 
The matter of giving reasons has frequently been considered by the Courts and it is surprising and disappointing that once again the guidance given by the Courts has been ignored. In}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13132994  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 Akbar Buses v TCB}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13132994  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 (C.A. 9/84 - FCA
 Reps 84/40) the Fiji Court of Appeal recommended that brief reasons for administrative decisions should always be given. In}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13132994  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\ul\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 State v TCB ex parte Peni Company Ltd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13132994  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 (HBJ 22/94S) having cited}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13132994  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\ul\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13132994  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\ul\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 v Lancashire County Council ex parte Huddleston}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 [1986] 2 All ER 941
, I advised that where a decision making body had failed to give reasons by the time proceedings for Judicial Review were commenced it should always give its reasons in its affidavit in answer filed in the proceedings. In}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13132994  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 Pacific Transport v Khan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13132994  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 (FCA Reps 97/3) the Fiji Court of Appeal again}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13132994  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 strongly recommended}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13132994  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 that in all cases of this kind brief reasons for the decision should be given. As pointed out in}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13132994  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 Khan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13132994  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 where the circumstances are not such that the reasons for the decision can otherwise satisfacto
rily be ascertained the failure to provide reasons will amount to a fatal procedural defect.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 
In the present case the four charges arose from two entirely unconnected incidents, the evidence relating to which was quite distinct and required separate evaluation. There is nothing in the papers to sh}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9649100 ow the process by which the 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid9649100\charrsid9649100 st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9649100  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 
Respondent arrived at the conclusion either that the Applicant was guilty as charged or that he should be dismissed. Ground (iii) also succeeds.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 As to unreasonableness it is my opinion that on the materials p}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13132994 
resented it was open to the 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid13132994\charrsid13132994 st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13132994  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 Respondent to reach the conclusions at which he arrived. This is not an appea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13132994 l against the 
merits of the 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid13132994\charrsid13132994 st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13132994  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 Respondent\rquote s decision but is a judicial review of the procedure employed to reach those conclusions. Ground (iv) fails.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 The final ground, bias, gives me the most concern. At the relevant time the Public Service Commission\rquote 
s powers to discipline public servants were contained in the Regulations which were made pursuant to Section 157(1) of the Constitution. While these Regulations have been repealed (see Constitution 1997,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9649100  }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6243680\charrsid13132994 HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org/fj/legis/consol_act/psa152/"}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\ul\cf2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 Public Service Act}}}\sectd \ltrsect\psz9\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid13132994\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9649100  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 8/1999, Public Service Regulations 1999 (LN 48/99) and Public Service (Appeal) Regulati
ons 1999 (LN 49/99)) I am of the view that the question of bias raised by the Applicant is likely to be of continuing relevance.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 In addition to the Regulations it is also important to refer to a delegation of powers which was made on 27 November 1997 by 
the Public Service Commission under the provisions of Section 127 (3) of the 1990 Constitution and Section 6 of the Public Service Decree 1990 (see LN 138/1997). Section 127 (3) was repealed by Section 195 (1) of the 1997 Constitution while Section 6 was 
repealed by Section 33 (1) (c) of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9649100  }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6243680\charrsid13132994 
HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org/fj/legis/consol_act/psa152/"}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 Public Service Act}}}\sectd \ltrsect
\psz9\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid13132994\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9649100  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 8/1999. It appears therefore to me that the delegation itself has been repealed although it is not necessary finally to determine that matter for the purposes of these proceedings.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12003946 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 
As is well known the disciplinary provisions of the Regulations are contained in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9649100  }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6243680\charrsid13132994 
HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org/fj/legis/consol_act/psa152/index.html" \\l "p5"}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 Part V.}}}\sectd \ltrsect
\psz9\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid13132994\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9649100  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 Regulations 41 (1), 41 (5), 41 (6), 41 (8), 44 (1), 44 (4), 45 (1), 46, 48, 49, 50 (1), and 50 (2) are all particularly relevant.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12003946 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 Without going into detailed examination of these Regulations it is clear that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9649100  }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6243680\charrsid13132994 HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org/fj/legis/consol_act/psa152/index.html" \\l "p5"}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 Part V}}}\sectd \ltrsect\psz9\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid13132994\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9649100  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 
envisages that where it is suspected that a public servant has committed a disciplinary offence the public servant is to be charged either by his Permanent Secretary or Head of Department. Where the charge is disputed the Commission is then to proceed
 to consider and determine the matter. Where substantial issues of fact are raised, a disciplinary tribunal should be appointed to hear the evidence and find the facts (see}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9649100  
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 The State v PSC ex parte Michael Raman}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9649100  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 \endash  HBJ 13/1994S.) Regulations 45 and 46 set o
ut the way in which the tribunal should proceed and when the tribunal has reached its findings it is to report to the Commission (Regulation 47). After considering the tribunal\rquote 
s report the Commission then advises the public servant of its findings and, as already seen should then provide the reasons for its conclusions.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9649100 In the present case the 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid9649100\charrsid9649100 st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9649100  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 
Respondent apparently thought that he could exercise all the powers conferred on the Commission by Part V of the Regulations by virtue of the delegation to him
 of powers in Legal Notice 138/1997. In my opinion, although the delegation is somewhat ambiguous, he was mistaken. I reach this conclusion for two reasons.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 First, the Commission\rquote s powers which are delegated to Permanent Secretaries are specified by and 
limited to those powers which are set out in paragraph 2 (i) - (xv) of the delegation. Although the powers to appoint a disciplinary tribunal (Regulation 44), to impose penalties (Regulation 51) and to determine appointment, retirement and resignation (Pa
rt III) were delegated the general powers of the Commission under Part V were not.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 
Secondly, the general scheme of Part V, as has already been seen, involves the prosecution or presentation of charges by a Departmental Head, usually a Permanent Secretary, to the Commission which then considers the charges laid. Mr. Tuberi\rquote 
s case was that t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9649100 he procedure adopted by the 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid9649100\charrsid9649100 st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9649100  Respondent amounted to the 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid9649100\charrsid9649100 st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9649100  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 
Respondent acting both as prosecutor and judge in the same cause and as such fundamentally breached one of the major rules of natural justice:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 
nemo iudex in causa sua}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 . I agree. In my opinion it was quite wrong for the same person, the 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid9649100 st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9649100  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 Respondent, to charge the Applicant, to investigate his own complaint, to determine its truth and then impose sentence. The p}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9649100 rocedure adopted by the 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid9649100\charrsid9649100 st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9649100  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 
Respondent was, in my opinion, inconsistent and incompatible with the requirements of Part V of the Regulations and was therefore incorrigibly flawed. Ground (i) succeeds.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 The discipli}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9649100 nary charges brought by the 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid9649100\charrsid9649100 st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9649100  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 Respondent against the Applicant were serious. Although I am satisfied that certiorar}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9649100 
i should issue to quash the 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid9649100\charrsid9649100 st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9649100  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 Respondent\rquote s finding of guilt and the Applicant\rquote s dismissal from the Public Service I do not think that the matter should be allowed to rest there. T
he charges should now be referred to the Commission as required by Regulation 41 and the disciplinary proceedings against the Applicant should then continue according to law.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 (Motion granted; dismissal quashed.)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid12003946\charrsid13132994 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1972231\charrsid13132994 
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