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{\fhimajor\f31536\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Cambria (Vietnamese);}{\fbimajor\f31538\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\fbimajor\f31539\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}
{\fbimajor\f31541\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\fbimajor\f31542\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\fbimajor\f31543\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}
{\fbimajor\f31544\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\fbimajor\f31545\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\fbimajor\f31546\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}
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{\flominor\f31552\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\flominor\f31553\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\flominor\f31554\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}
{\flominor\f31555\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\flominor\f31556\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\fdbminor\f31558\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}
{\fdbminor\f31559\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\fdbminor\f31561\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\fdbminor\f31562\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}
{\fdbminor\f31563\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\fdbminor\f31564\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\fdbminor\f31565\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}
{\fdbminor\f31566\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\fhiminor\f31568\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Calibri CE;}{\fhiminor\f31569\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Calibri Cyr;}
{\fhiminor\f31571\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Calibri Greek;}{\fhiminor\f31572\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Calibri Tur;}{\fhiminor\f31575\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Calibri Baltic;}
{\fhiminor\f31576\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Calibri (Vietnamese);}{\fbiminor\f31578\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\fbiminor\f31579\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}
{\fbiminor\f31581\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\fbiminor\f31582\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\fbiminor\f31583\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}
{\fbiminor\f31584\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\fbiminor\f31585\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\fbiminor\f31586\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}}
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{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\qr \li0\ri0\sb100\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14161979 \cbpat8 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979  HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org.vu/fj/cases/FJHC/1999/128.html" \\
o "View Case" }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 [1999] 45 FLR 310}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid9638753\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 
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HIGH COURT OF FIJI ISLANDS}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 ALIPATE KARIKARI}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14161979\charrsid11750970 v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14161979\charrsid11750970 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 THE STATE}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 [HIGH COURT, 1999 (Pathik J) 6 December]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 

\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 Appellate Jurisdiction}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 
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\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14161979 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 
Crime: defences- unlawful carnal knowledge with minor- statutory defence to be raised-\~}{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1056731 HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org/fj/legis/consol_act/pc66/"}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\cf2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 Penal Code}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid9638753\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 \~(Cap. 17) Section 156 (a).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 An unrepresented accused pleaded guilty to unlawful sexual intercourse with a girl aged between 13 and 16. Although he told the Magistrates\rquote 
 Court that he thought she was aged more than 16 a plea of not guilty was not entered by the Magistrate who proceeded to convict. The High Court quashed the conviction and emphasised that an available
 statutory defence must be raised by the Court even if not raised by an unrepresented accused.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 Cases cited:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14161979 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 
Akuila Kuboutawa and Reginam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 \~(Labasa Criminal Appeal No. 2/75)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 Mikaele Bari and Reginam\~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 
(Labasa Criminal Appeal No. 11/75)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14161979 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 Appeal against conviction and sentence in the Magistrates\rquote  Court.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 Appellant in Person}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 J. Rabuku}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 \~for State}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 Pathik J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 Appellant was convicted in the Labasa Magistrates\rquote 
 Court on his own plea of the offence of defilement of a girl between thirteen and sixteen years of age contrary to section 156(1)(a) of the\~}{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1056731 
HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org/fj/legis/consol_act/pc66/"}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 Penal Code}}}\sectd \ltrsect
\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid9638753\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi1440\li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14161979 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 \~}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14161979 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 
The particulars of offence are that on 31 March 1999 at Natewa Village, Savusavu in the Northern Division he had unlawful carnal knowledge of a girl namely Loata Rokodovu of the age of 15 years 8 months 17 days.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 Upon his conviction he was sentenced to imprisonment for 2 years on 7 September 1999.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi1440\li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14161979 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 \~}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14161979 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 
The facts of the case are that on 31 March 1999 at about 11.00 p.m. the appellant who was dr
unk went to the kitchen where the complainant was baking a cake. He took her behind the dining hall and into a cassava patch where they had sexual intercourse under a mango tree. When she returned home her father came to know of the incident. He reported 
the matter to police. The complainant was medically examined and it was found that she was not a virgin.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 The accused admitted the offence. When asked if he had anything to say in mitigation he said that he \'93thought she was over 16 years of age by looking 
at her build. She consented to have sexual intercourse. We had been having sexual intercourse before this for one year.\'94 He is 29 years old single man.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 The appellant submitted that the sentence is harsh and excessive.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 The learned State Counsel opposed 
the appeal and stated, inter alia, that the girl is half his age; but when confronted by the Court about the proviso to the section under which the accused is charged not having been put to the appellant he agreed that that should have been done. He then 
conceded the appeal.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 Section 156 (1)(a)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 \~
under which the appellant was charged reads as follows:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi8\li567\ri566\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin566\lin567\itap0\pararsid14161979 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs27\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 \'93156 (1) (a) Any person who unlawfully and carnally knows or attempts to have unlawful carnal knowledge of any girl being of or above the age of thirteen 
years and under the age of sixteen years; or}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 \~\~ (b) \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85..}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 is guilty of a misdemeanor, and is liable to imprisonment for five years, with or without corporal punishment:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 Provided that it shall be a sufficient defence to any charge under parag
raph (a) if it shall be made to appear to the Court before whom the charge shall be brought that the person so charged had reasonable cause to believe and did in fact believe that the girl was of or above the age of sixteen years.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 (2) \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 (3) \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi1440\li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14161979 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 \~}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14161979 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 A
 similar situation such as in this case arose in\~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 Mikaele Bari and Reginam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 \~(Labasa Criminal Appeal No. 11/75). There the accused was also engaged in sexual intercourse on previous occasions and they were intending to get married. The conviction was quashed 
and sentence of 12 months set aside because the proviso to the said section was not brought to his attention.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 It appears that in the case before the learned magistrate he was of the impression that because of the appellant\rquote s involvement in sexual interco
urse with the complainant for previous 12 months was sufficient compliance with section 156(1) (a). I find that he fell into an error and the conviction cannot stand in view of the said proviso.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 In\~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 Bari}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 \~(supra) Grant CJ (the then Chief Justice) referred to another case of\~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 
Akuila Kuboutawa and Reginam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 \~
(Labasa Criminal Appeal No. 2/75) which was also a case of defilement in which he comments on the requirements of s.156 (1) (a) (previously section 150(1) (a)) and that is worth nothing. He said:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li567\ri510\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin510\lin567\itap0\pararsid14161979 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 
\'93I might 
add for the guidance of Magistrates that, in the case of an unrepresented accused, any statutory defence should be brought to his attention. For instance, on a charge of this nature, the accused should be informed that he is charged with unlawful carnal k
nowledge of a particular girl of a specific age and that he had no reasonable cause to believe that she was of or above the age of sixteen years; and the record should disclose that the charge was explained accordingly.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14161979 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 In the appeal before me the appellant\rquote 
s attention was not drawn to the proviso. In any case on what he said in mitigation about his belief as to the girl\rquote s age, the learned magistrate should have set aside the conviction and entered a plea of not guilty.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 For these reasons and for this er
ror on the part of the learned Magistrate the appeal should be allowed. The conviction and sentence are set aside and the appellant set free forthwith.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 (Appeal allowed; conviction quashed.)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14161979\charrsid14161979 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1972231 
\par }{\*\themedata 504b030414000600080000002100828abc13fa0000001c020000130000005b436f6e74656e745f54797065735d2e786d6cac91cb6ac3301045f785fe83d0b6d8
72ba28a5d8cea249777d2cd20f18e4b12d6a8f843409c9df77ecb850ba082d74231062ce997b55ae8fe3a00e1893f354e9555e6885647de3a8abf4fbee29bbd7
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