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{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\qr \li0\ri0\sb100\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14106858 \cbpat8 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
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o "View Case" }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 [1999] 45 FLR 229}}}\sectd \ltrsect\psz9\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid6778964\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14106858 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
HIGH COURT OF FIJI}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6778964 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6778964 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6778964\charrsid6778964 Revisional Jurisdiction}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid6778964\charrsid6778964 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14106858 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 THE STATE}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 MINISTER FOR COMMUNICATIONS, WORKS}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 AND ENERGY}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 ex parte}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid6778964\charrsid6778964 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 FIJI TELEVISION LIMITED}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 Byrne J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6778964 
\par 
\par 28 September 1999}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14106858 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
Administrative Law- judicial review- whether ministerial decision to increase licence fee a public law matter- whether decision subject to rules of natural justice. Television Decree 35/1992.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14106858 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 Some years after Fiji Television began broadcast
ing under an exclusive licence the Minister decided vastly to increase the licence fee. On a motion for judicial review of this decision it was argued that the matter was purely contractual and did not raise matters of public law. It was also argued that 
the decision was within the limits of the Minister\rquote 
s discretion. Rejecting these submissions and quashing the decision the High Court HELD: (i) the exercise of a contractual power contained in a statute raises an issue of public law and (ii) that the Minister\rquote 
s decision was so unreasonable that the Court was entitled to review it.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 Cases cited:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14106858 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
Associated Provincial Picture Houses Ltd. v. Wednesbury}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 Corporation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6778964  [1948] 1 KB}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964  223.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 Federal Airports Corporation v. Aerolineas Argentinas and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964  Others}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6778964  }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid13970384\charrsid6778964 HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org.vu/cgi-bin/LawCite?cit=%281997%29%20147%20ALR%20649" \\o "View LawCiteRecord"}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\ul\cf2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 (1997) 147 ALR 649.}}}\sectd \ltrsect\psz9\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid6778964\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 Ha v. State of New South Wales}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6778964  }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13970384\charrsid6778964 HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org.vu/cgi-bin/LawCite?cit=%5b1997%5d%20HCA%2034" \\o "View LawCite Record"}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\ul\cf2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 [1997] HCA 34}}}\sectd \ltrsect\psz9\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid6778964\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 ;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6778964  }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13970384\charrsid6778964 
HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org.vu/cgi-bin/LawCite?cit=%281997%29%20189%20CLR%20465" \\o "View LawCiteRecord"}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 (1997) 189 CLR 465.}}}
\sectd \ltrsect\psz9\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid6778964\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 Instrumatic Ltd. v. Supabrase Ltd.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6778964  }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13970384\charrsid6778964 HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org.vu/cgi-bin/LawCite?cit=%5b1969%5d%201%20WLR%20519" \\o "View LawCite Record"}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\ul\cf2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 [1969] 1 WLR 519}}}\sectd \ltrsect\psz9\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid6778964\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 Kioa and Others v. West and Another}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6778964  }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13970384\charrsid6778964 HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org.vu/cgi-bin/LawCite?cit=%5b1985%5d%20HCA%2081" \\o "View LawCite Record"}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\ul\cf2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 [1985] HCA 81}}}\sectd \ltrsect\psz9\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid6778964\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 ;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6778964  }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13970384\charrsid6778964 
HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org.vu/cgi-bin/LawCite?cit=%281985%29%20159%20CLR%20550" \\o "View LawCiteRecord"}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 (1985) 159 CLR 550.}}}
\sectd \ltrsect\psz9\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid6778964\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 Luby v. Newcastle Under-Lyme Corporation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6778964  [1964] 2 QB}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964  64.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 Nakkuda Ali v. Jayaratne}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6778964  }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13970384\charrsid6778964 HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org.vu/cgi-bin/LawCite?cit=%5b1951%5d%20AC%2066" \\o "View LawCite Record"}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\ul\cf2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 [1951] AC 66}}}\sectd \ltrsect\psz9\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid6778964\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 R. v. Metropolitan Police Commissioner Ex-parte: Parker}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6778964  }
{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13970384\charrsid6778964 HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org.vu/cgi-bin/LawCite?cit=%5b1953%5d%201%20WLR%201150" \\o "View LawCite Record"}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\ul\cf2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 [1953] 1 WLR 1150}}}\sectd \ltrsect\psz9\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid6778964\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 R. v. East Berkshire Health Authority Ex-Parte: Walsh}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6778964  [1985] QB}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964  152}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 Wootton v. Central Land Board}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6778964  }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13970384\charrsid6778964 HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org.vu/cgi-bin/LawCite?cit=%5b1957%5d%201%20WLR%20424" \\o "View LawCite Record"}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\ul\cf2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 [1957] 1 WLR 424}}}\sectd \ltrsect\psz9\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid6778964\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14106858 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 Motion for judicial review in the High Court.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 G.E. Leung}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6778964  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 for the Applicant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 E. Walker}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6778964  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 for the Respondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 Byrne J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
Pursuant to leave to apply for Judicial Review which I granted on 22nd April 1998 of a decision of the Minister for Communications, Works and Energy made on the 6th of October 1997 or at the latest 9th of A
pril 1998 that with effect from 24th June 1998 the annual Licence fee that the Applicant is required to pay was to be increased from $1,100.00 to $275,000.00 being $250,000.00 plus $25,000.00 VAT, the Applicant seeks by way of Judicial Review to challenge
 the Minister\rquote s decision. In particular it seeks the following orders:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-567\li1134\ri538\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin538\lin1134\itap0\pararsid14106858 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6778964 (a)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964  An order for certiorari to quash the decision of the Respondent purporting to increase the television Licence fee of the Applicant;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6778964 (b)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964  A declaration that the Respondent\rquote s decision
 in adjusting and increasing the Applicant\rquote s Licence fee is:-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14106858 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-567\li1701\ri822\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin822\lin1701\itap0\pararsid14106858 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6778964 (i)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964  Unlawful;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6778964 (ii)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964  In breach of the rules of natural justice;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 (iii}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6778964  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 Unreasonable; and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6778964 (iv)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964  Unconscionable.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14106858 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-567\li1134\ri538\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin538\lin1134\itap0\pararsid14106858 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6778964 (c)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964  An order for mandamus directing the Respondent to reconsider the matter and to 
exercise the discretion vested in him under Clause 3.2 of the television Licence reasonably and according to law;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6778964 (d)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
 An injunction to restrain the Respondent from giving effect to his decision to increase the Licence fee to $250,000.00 plus 10% VAT;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6778964 (e)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964  An order that the Respondent pay the Applicant\rquote 
s costs on a full indemnity basis.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li1440\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid14106858 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14106858 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
In my Interlocutory Judgment on the application for leave to apply for Judicial Review I set out the relevant facts and background on pages 2 and 3 of my judgment and on pa
ges 4 and 5 the grounds on which the Applicant argues the decision should be quashed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
The principal contention of the Respondent is that Judicial Review should not be granted in this case because the Respondent has increased the Licence fee under the lice
nce or contract it granted to or has with the Applicant. Thus, it is said, this is a matter of private law and does not raise any question of public law. Consequently the decision is not reviewable.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 On pages 5 to 8 of my first judgment I mentioned the aut
horities, both text-book and decided cases, on which the Respondent relied in his submissions opposing the granting of leave and my comments thereon. I shall not repeat them here verbatim but shall make some comments now on the expanded submissions settle
d
 by senior counsel for the parties. First however I must say something about the first submission by the Respondent about the correct date of the decision. This was not submitted originally by the Respondent but in the submissions prepared by Dr. Geoffrey
 
Flick S.C. of Sydney it is said that the operative decision was made by the Minister on 9th of April 1998. It is therefore argued that the existing Application cannot competently review that decision; a fresh Application needs to be filed - the Applicant 
cannot merely seek to amend its existing Application.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14106858 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
This is the first time this submission has been made because in the application for leave the Respondent accepted that the correct date was the 6th of October 1997. This apparently is because on 9th Apr
il 1998 the Minister wrote to the Applicant stating that the Government wished to revoke its earlier decision, wrongly stated as the 16th of October 1997, and that the new date for payment of the increased Licence fee was to be 1st July 1998. The letter c
oncluded, \'93Fiji Television is given the opportunity to make submission to this office on this matter at the latest by 12 June, 1998\'94.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14106858 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 Not surprisingly the Applicant disputes this claim and submits:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-567\li567\ri567\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin567\lin567\itap0\pararsid14106858 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-567\li1134\ri567\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin567\lin1134\itap0\pararsid14106858 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6778964 (a)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964  There was, in reality, only one relevant decision by 
the Minister which is the subject of this review, namely the decision to increase the annual licence fee to $250,000.00 per annum plus VAT. That is the decision, regardless of whether it was made on 6th October 1997, or on 9th April 1998.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6778964 (b)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964  Alternativel
y, by its conduct in permitting the current proceedings to follow the course described in the chronology (including without limitation, the fact that the Respondent did not raise this fact prior to my granting leave on 22nd April 1998), it is unconscionab
le for the Respondent to seek to rely on this procedural point and the Respondent ought to be estopped from so doing.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6778964 (c)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
 Further, or alternatively, if the decision on 9th April 1998 is to be regarded as a later and separate decision from that made on 6th 
October 1997, it is submitted that it is appropriate, and, indeed, a matter of common sense, that the present proceedings should be amended so as to refer to the decision on 9th April 1998. Such an amendment would be made for the purpose of determining th
e real question in controversy between the parties and is therefore within the discretion of the Court pursuant to RHC Order 20 Rule 7(1).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-567\li567\ri567\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin567\lin567\itap0\pararsid14106858 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14106858 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
I agree with the Applicant\rquote s submissions on this and since the Respondent can point to no prejudice which it might suffer if the date 9th April 1998 were substituted for 6th October 1997 I grant the Applicant leave}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6778964  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 nunc pro tunc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6778964  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 to prosecute this application as if it were an application for Judicial Review of the decision made on 9th April 1998. This should satisfy the a
pparent sensitivity the Respondent feels about the correct date.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 This very technical point having now been disposed of, I turn now to the Respondent\rquote s submissions on the substantive Motion.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 The Respondent\rquote s Contentions in Summary}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 In summary form, the Respondent contends that:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-556\li1276\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1276\itap0\pararsid14106858 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6778964 \bullet }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964  the decision to increase the licence fee is simply a decision in accordance with the terms of the licence and cannot - for whatever purposes - be characterised as a tax;
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6778964 \bullet }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964  the decision is not susceptible to judicial review;}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6778964 \bullet }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964  there has been no improper exercise of discretion;}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6778964 \bullet }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964  the Applicant is not entitled to natural justice;}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6778964 \bullet }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
 if the Applicant is entitled to natural justice, it has been afforded procedural fairness;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6778964 \bullet }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964  the decision is not unreasonable;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6778964 \bullet }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964  the Applicant has n
ot discharged its onus of establishing any ground of review.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14106858 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
Furthermore, the Respondent Minister contends in the alternative that this Court should exercise considerable reluctance in reaching a conclusion that any ground of review has been established o
r that any judicial discretion should be exercised favourably to the Applicant in circumstances where the Minister\rquote s decision has been the subject of concurrence by Cabinet.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 I shall deal with these submissions in that order.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-1134\li1134\ri538\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin538\lin1134\itap0\pararsid14106858 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14106858 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
I have serious reservations about the first submission. In}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15870062  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
Ha v. State of New South Wales}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15870062  }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13970384\charrsid6778964 
HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org.vu/cgi-bin/LawCite?cit=%5b1997%5d%20HCA%2034" \\o "View LawCite Record"}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 [1997] HCA 34}}}\sectd \ltrsect
\psz9\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid6778964\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 ;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15870062  }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13970384\charrsid6778964 HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org.vu/cgi-bin/LawCite?cit=%281997%29%20189%20CLR%20465" \\o "View LawCiteRecord"}
}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 (1997) 189 CLR 465}}}\sectd \ltrsect\psz9\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid6778964\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15870062  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
the High Court of Australia held that an amount equal to 75 or 100 percent of the value of tobacco sold during a relevant period could not be regarded as a mere fee for a licence required as an eleme
nt in a scheme for regulatory control of businesses selling tobacco. By analogy I think it can be said that in the instant case, the very size of the increase in the licence fee in proportion to the quantum of the licence as originally set and the circums
t
ances in which the level of the original licence fee was set, indicates in all probability in my view that what is now sought to be levied by the Respondent is not, in truth, a licence fee at all. However because of the clear views I have formed about oth
er aspects of this case, but especially the magnitude of the proposed increase, I find it unnecessary to express a concluded opinion on this point.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 The Respondent then submits that the decision is not susceptible to Judicial Review because he says the lice
nce records the contractual obligations of the Applicant. He then quotes several authorities, one being the well-known English Court of Appeal decision}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15870062  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15870062 R. v. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 East Berkshire Health Authority Ex-parte Walsh}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15870062  [1985] QB}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964  152 and Lewis,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11614749  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 Judicial Remedies in Public Law}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15870062  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 at 50.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
In my first judgment of the 22nd of April 1998 at page 6 I distinguished this case from the present on the facts because the Court of Appeal was there concerned with the dismissal of a nurse by an English Health Authority which the Court held 
was not judicially reviewable on the ground that there was no element of public law involved or, as the Court put it, no statutory underpinning of the employment relationship. In my judgment the Television Decree provides the necessary underpinning for th
e present application, a fortiori when one considers the scheme of the Decree and the nature of the powers being exercised by the Minister and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11614749  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 the mixed character}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11614749  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 of the licence which has been granted to the Applicant.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 Section 4 of the Television Decree (
35/1992) empowers the Minister to issue a Television Broadcasting Licence containing such terms and conditions as he may determine to any person. Sub-section 4 empowers the Minister to require payment of a licence fee of such amount as the Minister may de
termine. The Respondent submits that the regulation of the quantum of the fee is entirely within the domain of the licence.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 In my first judgment on page 7 I said this in answer to a similar argument:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li567\ri567\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin567\lin567\itap0\pararsid14106858 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 \'93
If the Respondent\rquote s arguments are correct then it wo
uld follow in my view that any exercise of a ministerial discretion under Section 4 or indeed any other part of the Decree, no matter whether it be unlawful, unreasonable or ultra vires the Decree, cannot be challenged in a court of law because the Minist
e
r has purported to act in accordance with such a contractual undertaking. I know of no legal authority, nor has any been cited to me, to support the proposition that where a Minister of State exercises a statutory power which results in the grant of a lic
ence which may contain many if not all of the attributes of a contract to do something, the exercise of that ministerial discretion is not subject to review.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li567\ri567\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin567\lin567\itap0\pararsid14106858 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
In my judgment that cannot be right. Here the Minister was at the material time exercising public
 law functions and statutory powers. He is the holder of a public office. Therefore the exercise by him of any discretionary power under the Television Decree must be governed by the purposes of that Decree and any restrictions or powers expressed or impl
i
ed vested in him under the Decree and that power must necessarily be subject to relevant public law principles, for example he must exercise it reasonably, lawfully, and in the public interest. Put another way this means that he must not act arbitrarily, 
capriciously or in bad faith. If he failed to do so then in my opinion any person aggrieved or adversely affected by the exercise of the power would be entitled to have recourse to Judicial Review.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14106858 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 I summarised my views on this question on page 8 of my judgment when I said this:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li567\ri538\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin538\lin567\itap0\pararsid14106858 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 \'93
It matters not in my view that the Minister or his agent has entered into a commercial arrangement through a contract or a licence if that document is based on a statute or in this case a Decree. Thus in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11614749  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 Applications for Judicial Review}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11614749  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 2nd Edition by Aldous and Alder p.112 the authors state:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14106858 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li850\ri822\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin822\lin850\itap0\pararsid14106858 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 \'93
Even where a power is essentially contractual, the presence in a given case of an additional statutory element or even the exercise of a general governmental policy might possibly convert a contractual private law issue into one of public law.\'94}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14106858 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 Having given further thought to the matter in the light of the submissions received on the substantive Motion I am not prepared to resile from the views
 I then expressed. In my judgment the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11614749  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 fons et origo}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11614749  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 of this matter must be the Television Decree.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 In Lewis,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11614749  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 Judicial Remedies in Public Law}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11614749  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 the author says at page 50 under the heading \'93Contract\'94:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li567\ri538\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin538\lin567\itap0\pararsid14106858 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 \'93
Judicial Review is not, however, available to enforce private law rights.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14106858 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 But further down on the same page under the heading \'93Power to Contract\'94 the author says this:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li567\ri538\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin538\lin567\itap0\pararsid14106858 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 \'93
The courts have been prepared to grant judicial review of decisions by public bodies to enter into contracts. Statute may confer a specific or a general power to contract. In such
 cases the decision to contract could be regarded as an exercise of statutory power, albeit one that may result in the creation of private law contractual rights.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14106858 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 In my judgment the latter remarks apply to the instant case. I consider as I said at page 
9 of my previous judgment that the licence in this case is not a mere private contract but an agreement based on a statutory instrument namely a Decree made by the then Government of the country and having the full force of law. As such I hold that any de
cision made by a relevant authority clearly acting under the Decree is subject to Judicial Review by the Courts.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 Interestingly I note that in the Respondent\rquote s submissions on the leave application he said that \'93The Respondent does not contest that the deci
sion is an appropriate one for Judicial Review\'94
. I take that statement to mean that the Respondent was prepared to admit that the Applicant had an arguable case, a view which he then proceeded to contradict in his remaining submissions and of course in the present submissions.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 For these reasons I consider that Judicial Review is available to the Applicant.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 The Respondent then contends that the Applicant has not established that any matter referred to the Minister for his consideration by the Applicant h
as not been properly considered. It is said that the rejection of an applicant\rquote 
s submission is no proof of any failure of consideration; any contrary proposition would be an impermissible attempt to review the factual merits of a decision as opposed to its legality.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 In Wade,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11614749  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 Administrative Law}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
, 7th Edition 1994 at 952 dealing with appeals against discretionary decisions the author says, \'93But in fact the Court may allow such an appeal if it appears that the tribunal\rquote s decision produces manifest injustice -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11614749  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 Wootton v. Central Land Board}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11614749  }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13970384\charrsid6778964 HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org.vu/cgi-bin/LawCite?cit=%5b1957%5d%201%20WLR%20424" \\o "View LawCite Record"}
}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 [1957] 1 WLR 424}}}\sectd \ltrsect\psz9\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid6778964\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11614749  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 at 432 - or is \'93plainly wrong\'94 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11614749  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 Instrumatic Ltd. v. Supabrase Ltd.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11614749  }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13970384\charrsid6778964 HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org.vu/cgi-bin/LawCite?cit=%5b1969%5d%201%20WLR%20519" \\o "View LawCite Record"}
}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 [1969] 1 WLR 519}}}\sectd \ltrsect\psz9\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid6778964\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 . In that case at page 521 Lord Denning M.R. said:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li567\ri567\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin567\lin567\itap0\pararsid14106858 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 \'93
In such cases, if the tribunal exercises its discretion in a way which is plainly wrong, it errs in point of law, and its decision can be reviewed by the courts.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14106858 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 In his previous edition at page 39 Professor Wade states:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li567\ri624\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin624\lin567\itap0\pararsid14106858 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 \'93It is a cardinal axiom....that every power has legal limits, however wide the language of the empowering Act. If the court finds that 
the power has been exercised}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11614749  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 oppressively}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11614749  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 or}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11614749  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 unreasonably}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11614749\charrsid6778964  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
(emphasis added), or if there has been some procedural failing, such as not allowing the person affected to put forward his case, the act may be condemned as unlawful. Although lawyers appearing for
 government departments often argue that some Acts confer unfettered discretion, they are guilty of constitutional blasphemy. Unfettered discretion cannot exist where the rule of law reigns. The notion of unlimited power can have no place in the system. T
he same truth can be expressed by saying that all power is capable of abuse and that the power to prevent abuse is the acid test of effective judicial review.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14106858 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 At page 40 he then goes on to state that it is to be assumed that when Parliament confers power
s, it intends that those powers be used fairly and with due consideration of the rights and interests of persons whose interests would be adversely affected. In the present case it is noteworthy that the legislation in question was promulgated by Decree. 
Arguably therefore, the level of scrutiny that the courts might wish to bring over decisions sourced from a Decree would be higher than where an elected Parliament enacts legislation.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 In my judgment the outstanding feature of this case is the magnitude of
 the proposed increase which is in percentage terms 24,000 percent, to which the Applicant has indicated its most strenuous opposition.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 In Lewis op. cit., at page 53 the author states:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li567\ri567\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin567\lin567\itap0\pararsid14106858 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 \'93
The courts have been prepared to superimpose public law principles
 onto contractual situations, and to ensure the observance of those principles by way of judicial review. They are prepared to do this even if the effect of granting a public law remedy is to vary the rights existing under a contract as for example, where
 a decision to terminate a contract is quashed and the contractual provisions then revived.\'94 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 Judicial Remedies in Public Law}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 , 1992, p.53)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14106858 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 I am firmly of the view that the Minister does not have unfettered discretion and that to the ordinary informed obse
rver of the facts of this case an increase of that magnitude can only mean that the Minister has abused his discretion in the purported exercise of his powers to vary and increase the Applicant\rquote s fee under Clause 3.2 of the Licence.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 I quote again from Professor Wade in his 6th Edition at page 388:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li567\ri538\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin538\lin567\itap0\pararsid14106858 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li567\ri538\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin538\lin567\itap0\pararsid14106858 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 \'93
Parliament constantly confers upon public authorities powers which on their face might seem absolute and arbitrary. But arbitrary power and unfettered discretion are what the courts refuse to countenance. The
y have woven a network of restrictive principles which require statutory powers to be exercised reasonably and in good faith, for proper purposes only, and in accordance with the spirit as well as the letter of the empowering Act.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14106858 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 In my judgment that pa
ssage says all that needs to be said about the proposed increase. The courts will not stand idly by when they consider that one party to a contract, which I find as here has a statutory basis, has attempted to act unfairly towards the other party. It is a
 
cardinal principle of our law that the State must always be the perfect litigant; to hold otherwise would mean that the public could not have any trust in the Government it has elected. That is something which the courts within the limits of their powers 
have steadfastly refused to condone.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 On the facts of this case I am satisfied that the Minister was obliged by law to exercise his discretion reasonably and he failed to do so.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 The Respondent Minister next contends that the Applicant is not entitled to 
either natural justice or an opportunity to be heard and to make submissions. In the way in which the law of natural justice has developed since}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11614749  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 Associated Provincial Picture Houses Ltd. v. Wednesbury Corporation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11614749  [1948] 1 KB}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964  223 these two concepts now virtually mean the same thing, namely that where any person\rquote 
s rights are adversely affected by a decision of an administrative body the person affected by the decision normally has a right to be heard and to make submissions.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 The Respondent argues that the rules of natural justice are not applicable here by reason of:-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-556\li1276\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1276\itap0\pararsid14106858 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11614749 \bullet }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
 the fact that the subject-matter of the exercise of discretion is inherently commercial and the fact that the Applicant consented to a right reserved to the Minister to vary fees without exacting any reciprocal right to be heard;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11614749 \bullet }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
 the fact that the Television Decree, 1992 expressly confers no entitlement to be heard or to make representations;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11614749 \bullet }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964  the fact that the Applicant retains no \'93right\'94
 to continue broadcasting or to continue broadcasting free of a term conferring an entitlement to increase fee subject to no express constraint.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14106858 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 Involved in this submission there seems to be a suggestion that the decision under review was legislative rather than administrative
. If the Respondent means to argue this then I reject it because I am firmly of the opinion that the decision here was administrative.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 In}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11614749  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\ul\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 Federal Airports Corporation v. Aerolineas Argentinas and Others}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11614749  }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13970384\charrsid6778964 HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org.vu/cgi-bin/LawCite?cit=%281997%29%20147%20ALR%20649" \\o "View LawCiteRecord"}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\ul\cf2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 (1997) 147 ALR 649}}}\sectd \ltrsect\psz9\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid6778964\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11614749  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
the Federal Court of Australia on appeal held, upholding the decision of the Court below, that a determination fixing a charge under Section 56 of the Federal Airports Corporat
ion Act (1986) (CTH) was made in the execution or administration of that Act and is administrative rather than legislative in character. I would hold the same of the licence fee in issue here. Furthermore in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11614749  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 Kioa and Others v. West and Another}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 \~}{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13970384\charrsid6778964 HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org.vu/cgi-bin/LawCite?cit=%5b1985%5d%20HCA%2081" \\
o "View LawCite Record"}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 [1985] HCA 81}}}\sectd \ltrsect\psz9\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid6778964\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 ;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11614749  }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid13970384\charrsid6778964 HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org.vu/cgi-bin/LawCite?cit=%281985%29%20159%20CLR%20550" \\o "View LawCiteRecord"}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\ul\cf2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 (1985) 159 CLR 550}}}\sectd \ltrsect\psz9\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid6778964\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11614749  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 at 619 Brennan J. observed:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li567\ri567\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin567\lin567\itap0\pararsid14106858 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 \'93
The presumption that the principles of natural justice condition the exercise of a statutory power may apply to any statutory power which is apt to affect any interest possessed by an individual whether or not the interest amounts to a legal
 right or is a proprietary or financial interest or relates to reputation. It is not the kind of individual interest but the manner in which it is apt to be affected that is important in determining whether the presumption is attracted...}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li567\ri567\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin567\lin567\itap0\pararsid14106858 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
Therefore the p
resumption applies to any statutory power the exercise of which is apt to affect the interests of an individual alone or apt to affect his interests in a manner which is substantially different from the manner in which its exercise is apt to affect the in
terests of the public. Of course, the presumption may be displaced by the text of the statute, the nature of the power and the administrative framework created by the statute within which the power is to be exercised.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14106858 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
One of the cases on which the Respondent relies in support of this proposition is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11614749  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\ul\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 Nakkuda Ali v. Jayaratne}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11614749  }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid13970384\charrsid6778964 HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org.vu/cgi-bin/LawCite?cit=%5b1951%5d%20AC%2066" \\o "View LawCite Record"}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
[1951] AC 66}}}\sectd \ltrsect\psz9\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid6778964\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
. It is, if I may say so with respect, curious that this case should be relied on by the Respondent because it was criticised most severely by Professor Wade in his 7th Edition at pages 508 and 509. That decision and the decision of the Queen\rquote 
s Bench Division in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11614749  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
R. v. Metropolitan Police Commissioner Ex-parte: Parker}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11614749  }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13970384\charrsid6778964 HYPE
RLINK "http://www.paclii.org.vu/cgi-bin/LawCite?cit=%5b1953%5d%201%20WLR%201150" \\o "View LawCite Record"}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 [1953] 1 WLR 1150}}}\sectd \ltrsect
\psz9\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid6778964\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11614749  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 were described by Professor Wade in these terms:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li850\ri822\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin822\lin850\itap0\pararsid14106858 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 \'93
These two notorious decisions threatened to undo all the good work of earlier j
udges. They exposed English law to the reproach that, though a man must be heard before being expelled from his trade union or his club, he need not be heard before being deprived of his livelihood by a licensing authority.\'94 (7th Edition p.509)}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14106858 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 It is tru
e that the decision in the instant case does not deprive the Applicant of its livelihood but the increase in my judgment is so unreasonably high, given the material in the hands of the Minister at the relevant time, as to quite possibly make it difficult 
for the Applicant to continue operating if the fee is imposed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 This was an important part of the Applicant\rquote 
s submissions to the Government when applying for its first licence. It had submitted a Business Plan to the Government which is exhibited to the affidavits filed on behalf of both the Applicant and Respondent.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
Then the Respondent submits that in any event the Applicant was accorded natural justice because it says that in the letter informing the Applicant of the decision of the 9th of April the letter stated:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li567\ri538\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin538\lin567\itap0\pararsid14106858 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 \'93
Fiji Television is given the opportunity to make submissions to this office on this matter at the latest by 12th June 1998\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14106858 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14106858 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
Instead of taking up the Respondent on this offer it is said that the Applicant consciously chose a course of litig
ation rather than a course of making submissions. Thus it is argued it is disingenuous to contend, as does the Applicant, that it is legally inappropriate for the company to engage in discussions on this issue is now}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11614749  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 sub judice}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11614749  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 because:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14106858 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-556\li1276\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1276\itap0\pararsid14106858 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11614749 \bullet }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964  the matter was not}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11614749  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 sub judice}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11614749  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 until the seeking of leave on 22nd April 1998.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11614749 \bullet }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
 the mere commencement of litigation would not preclude the making of such submissions as the Applicant saw fit to advance.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14106858 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14106858 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
I think there is some force in this submission and that the Applicant was wrong in at least not making some submissions after the receipt of the Minister\rquote 
s letter. However, by the same token, it has never since been suggested by the Respondent that it was open to negotiation on the increase. Indeed this is
 the first time such a suggestion has come from the Respondent. Nevertheless it may well be that faced with such a large increase, the Applicant considered its chances of persuading the Respondent to change his mind were not likely to be very high. There 
was of course the newspaper cutting annexed the affidavit of the Applicant filed in support of its application for leave on the 19th of January 1998 that the Government was not going to change its mind.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14106858 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 It is possible that in its letter of the 9th of Apri
l 1998 the Respondent meant to convey that some six months later the Respondent was prepared to adopt a less intransigent attitude. The fact is however that the letter of 9th of April did not say so.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 I have already dealt with the question of unreasonableness but must comment on a further submission by the Respondent that:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li567\ri567\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin567\lin567\itap0\pararsid14106858 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 \'93
The sole touchstone advanced by the Applicant as to alleged unreasonableness or oppressiveness of the decision sought to be reviewed is the touchstone of the Applicant\rquote s asserted abil
ity or inability to finance such a fee increase. Adverse commercial consequences of a decision cannot transform an otherwise lawful administrative decision into an unlawful administrative decision. An increase in fees may be assumed to have a greater adve
rse commercial consequence than the retention of a nominal fee. But the applicant has failed to establish any greater consequence. Such evidence as is sought to be relied upon is in totally inadmissible form.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14106858 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 In support of this submission the Respondent cites}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11614749  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 Luby v. Newcastle Under-Lyme Corporation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11614749  [1964] 2 QB}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964  64 where Diplock L.J. said at p.72:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li567\ri567\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin567\lin567\itap0\pararsid14106858 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 \'93The court
\rquote s control over the exercise by a local authority of a discretion conferred upon it by Parliament is limited to ensuring that the local authority h
as acted within the powers conferred. It is not for the court to substitute its own view of what is a desirable policy in relation to the subject-matter of the discretion so conferred. It is only if it is exercised in a manner which no reasonable man coul
d consider justifiable that the court is entitled to interfere.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14106858 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
I accept that statement of the law, coming as it does from Lord Diplock, but consider that in this case the proposed increase is such that no reasonable man could consider it justified and that therefore the court is entitled to interfere.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 As to this the Applicant contends that an arbitrary increase of this magnitude would be unreasonable on any licence, regardless of the depth of the licensee
\rquote s pocket. I remind myself that Cabinet accepted
 representations made to it that a licence fee of $250,000.00 per annum for the first three years and a fee of one million dollars per annum from year four would destroy the economic viability of the Business Plan and Cabinet\rquote s knowledge that \'93
a zero licence fee\'94 was a key assumption in the Business Plan.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
To summarise, I consider that the proposed increase was so high as to be unconscionable and unreasonable for the reasons I have given and I therefore order that:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-567\li1134\ri538\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin538\lin1134\itap0\pararsid14106858 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11614749 (1)}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964  certiorari go to quash the decision of the Respondent purporting to increase the Television Licence fee of the Applicant;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11614749 (2)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
 I make an order for mandamus directing the Respondent to reconsider the matter and to exercise the discretion vested in him under Clause 3.2 of the Television Licence reasonably and according to law.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14106858 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 I further order that the Respondent pay the Applicant\rquote s costs to be taxed if not agreed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 Finally I must express my thanks to the efforts of counsel in providing me with such full submissions including partic
ularly their references to the volume of case-law relevant to this application. I hope I have been able to do justice to those submissions in this judgment.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 

\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14106858\charrsid6778964 (Judicial review granted; certiorari and mandamus issued.)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
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