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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393515 THE STATE}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid9393515 
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393515 [HIGH COURT, 1999 (Fatiaki J) 22 March]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid9393515 
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393515 Appellate Jurisdiction}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid9393515 
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charge- whether to be put to accused- statement of offence- whether subsection or paragraph of Section charged must be referred to-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393515 \~}{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {
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(Cap 21) Sections 122 (a) (ii), 122 (f) and 214 (a).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid9393515 
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The Appellant argued that the Statement of Offence did not fully particularise the section charged and that the wording of the charge did not precisely follow the Section. The High Court dismissed the appeal and HELD: (i) that although d
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\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393515 for the Respondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid9393515 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393515 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid9393515 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393515 Fatiaki J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393515 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid9393515 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393515 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid9393515 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393515 On the 30th of March 1998 the appellant was charged with an offence of Criminal Trespass in which he is alleged to have \lquote by night entered the (Complainant\rquote 
s) compound without lawful excuse\rquote .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393515 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393515 He pleaded not guilty and after a t
rial in which the prosecution called four witnesses including the complainant and the appellant gave sworn evidence, the trial magistrate convicted the appellant and sentenced him to 6 months imprisonment suspended for 12 months.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid9393515 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393515 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid9393515 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393515 The appellant now appeals against his conviction on the following three grounds:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid9393515 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393515 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid9393515 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-567\li1134\ri538\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin538\lin1134\itap0\pararsid9393515 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393515 (a)\~\~\~\~
 That the Statement of Offence and the Particulars of Offence do not disclose any offence;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid9393515 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393515 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid9393515 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393515 (b)\~\~\~\~ that both the Statement of Offence and the Particulars of Offence do not comply with the requirements of Section 122 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393515 \~}{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13393606 HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org/fj/legis/consol_act/cpc190/"}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs15\ul\cf2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393515 Criminal Procedure Code}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid12805435\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393515 
; and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid9393515 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393515 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid9393515 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393515 (c)\~\~\~\~ That the findings of the learned Magistrate are wholly contrary to the evidence tendered and cannot be supported by the weight of the evidence.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid9393515 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9393515 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393515 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs27\cf1\insrsid9393515 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393515 As to ground (a) the appellant\rquote s counsel states in his short written submission:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid9393515 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393515 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid9393515 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s17\ql \li540\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin540\itap0\pararsid9393515 \cbpat8 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393515 \lquote Where the allegation is that the accused has committed an offence under a statute then that statute must be quoted otherwise the charge is bad.\rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid9393515 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9393515 \cbpat8 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393515 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid9393515 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393515 and later counsel writes:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid9393515 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393515 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid9393515 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s17\ql \li540\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin540\itap0\pararsid9393515 \cbpat8 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393515 \lquote Obviously any charge under}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393515 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid9393515 
Section}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393515 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393515 197 simpliciter would be bad in law.\rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid9393515 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9393515 \cbpat8 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393515 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid9393515 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393515 I cannot agree.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid9393515 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393515 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid9393515 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393515 If that submission is based on Section 122(a)(ii) of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393515 \~}{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst 
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13393606 HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org/fj/legis/consol_act/cpc190/"}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs15\ul\cf2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393515 Criminal Procedure Code}}}\sectd \ltrsect
\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid12805435\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393515 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393515 
(Cap.21) as it appears to be, then it is plainly wrong. The Section merely requires, in the Statement of Offence, \lquote a reference to the Section of the enactment creating the offence\rquote  which in this case, the charge plainly did in its original f
orm.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid9393515 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393515 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid9393515 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393515 
There is no statutory requirement that the Statement of Offence should also refer to any particular subsection or paragraph of the Section charged, although it is highly desirable that it do so if relevant.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs27\cf1\insrsid9393515 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393515 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid9393515 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393515 Then counsel highlights that the manual alteration of the original charge by the insertion of the relevant paragraph \lquote (2)\rquote 
 into the original Statement of Offence amounts to a material alteration or amendment of the charge and the amended charge should have been put to the accused and since it wa
s not, therefore, the conviction cannot stand. No authority has been referred to in counsel\rquote s submission nor was the Court\rquote s attention expressly drawn to the provisions of Section 214 proviso (a) of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393515 \~}{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13393606 HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org/fj/legis/consol_act/cpc190/"}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs15\ul\cf2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393515 Criminal Procedure Code}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid12805435\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393515 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393515 (Cap.21) as it should have been.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid9393515 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393515 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid9393515 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393515 Be that as it may I have considered the Section and respectfully agree with the majority view expressed by the Fiji Court of Appeal in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393515 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393515 Sucha Singh v. R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393515 \~}
{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13393606 HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org.vu/cgi-bin/LawCite?cit=14%20FLR%20222" \\o "View LawCiteRecord"}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs15\ul\cf2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393515 14 F.L.R. 222}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid12805435\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393515 \~}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393515 where Marsack J.A. said at p.232:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid9393515 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393515 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid9393515 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s17\ql \li540\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin540\itap0\pararsid9393515 \cbpat8 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393515 \'93Section 204, subsection (1)(a) [now Section 214(a)] makes it clear that the obligation on the Court to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393515 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid9393515 call}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393515 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393515 upon the accused person to plead to the altered charge arises only `where a charge is altered as aforesaid\rquote 
. That is to say , ... altered by way of amendment ... when `it appears to the Court that the charge is defective either in substance or in form\rquote .\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid9393515 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9393515 \cbpat8 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393515 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid9393515 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393515 and later in rejecting an argument not dissimilar to that put before me by appellant\rquote s counsel, his lordship said at p.233:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs27\cf1\insrsid9393515 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393515 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid9393515 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s17\ql \li540\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin540\itap0\pararsid9393515 \cbpat8 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393515 \lquote ... the obligation on the Court to call upon the accused person to plead to the altered charge arises only in the case}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393515 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid9393515 of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393515 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393515 an amendment made when it appears to the Court that the original charge is defective.\rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid9393515 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9393515 \cbpat8 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393515 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid9393515 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393515 
In this appeal having earlier held that the charge was not defective by the failure to include the relevant paragraph in the Statement of Offence, I find that there is no merit at all in counsel\rquote s submissio
n as to the so-called amendment of the charge which could have been just as easily left out. In any event there can not have been the slightest prejudice caused to the appellant by the amendment, since his defence to the charge was a blanket denial. In th
e appellant\rquote s own words: \lquote This incident never took place.\rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid9393515 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393515 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid9393515 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393515 As to ground (b) Counsel writes:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid9393515 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393515 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid9393515 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s17\ql \li567\ri538\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin538\lin567\itap0\pararsid9393515 \cbpat8 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393515 \'93Particulars here state entered `the compound\rquote  of Mohammed Hassan: There is no offence of entering `the compound\rquote  under the Section.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid9393515 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9393515 \cbpat8 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393515 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid9393515 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393515 In other words because the word \lquote compound\rquote  does not appear in the Section creating the offence, therefore there can be no offence of \lquote 
entering the compound\rquote . Again I cannot agree.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid9393515 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393515 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid9393515 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393515 Section 122(a)(iii) of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393515 \~}{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid13393606 HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org/fj/legis/consol_act/cpc190/"}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs15\ul\cf2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393515 Criminal Procedure Code}}}\sectd \ltrsect
\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid12805435\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393515 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393515 
merely requires \lquote particulars of such offence (to be) set out in ordinary language, in which the use of technical terms shall not be necessary\rquote .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid9393515 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393515 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid9393515 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393515 Furthermore Section 122(f) states that:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid9393515 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393515 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid9393515 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s17\ql \li567\ri538\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin538\lin567\itap0\pararsid9393515 \cbpat8 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393515 \lquote ... it shall be sufficient to describe any place 
... which it is necessary to refer to in any charge in ordinary language in such a manner as to indicate with reasonable clearness the place ... referred to.\rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid9393515 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9393515 \cbpat8 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393515 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid9393515 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393515 In my opinion the use of the ordinary English word \lquote compound\rquote  is less technical and foreign, and more readily understood in this country, than the phrase 
\lquote land adjacent to or within the curtilage of (the complainant\rquote s dwelling house)\rquote .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid9393515 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393515 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid9393515 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393515 There is not the slightest merit in this submission which I reject}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393515 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393515 in limine}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393515 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid9393515 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393515 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid9393515 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393515 I turn finally to ground (c) which in effect complains that the judgment is against the weight of the evidence.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid9393515 

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393515 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid9393515 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393515 
It has been said that in order to succeed upon such a ground the appellant must clearly demonstrate that there was no evidence on which the trial magistrate could have reached the conclusion which he did reach if he had properly directed himself.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid9393515 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393515 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid9393515 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393515 
In this appeal there has been no suggestion that the trial magistrate misdirected himself in law, only that he failed to properly consider the inconsistencies in the prosecution\rquote s evidence as to the appellant\rquote 
s movements on the night in question after being disturbed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid9393515 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393515 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid9393515 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393515 The trial magistrate\rquote 
s judgment is a short one but that was to be expected given that there was only one real issue before him namely, the identity of the trespasser. He was also plainly aware of the presence of \lquote 
inconsistencies in the prosecution evidence but they are minor and do not affect the issue to be decided ... (and) ... are to be expected (where) ... witnesses are asked to recall every detail of something that
 took place nearly three years ago in the middle of the night ...\rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid9393515 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393515 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid9393515 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393515 
Quite plainly this case depended almost entirely on the view the trial magistrate took as to the evidence of the complainant on the one hand and the accused on the other and is based in large measure upon his assessment of their respective credibility.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid9393515 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393515 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid9393515 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393515 In such a case an appellate court will not interfere with the magistrate\rquote 
s findings based on an assessment of the credibility of witnesses unless convincing and compelling reasons are shown which would justify an appellate court differing from such findings.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid9393515 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393515 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid9393515 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393515 In this appeal after carefully considering counsel\rquote s written submission, the evidence in the case and the trial magistrate\rquote 
s clear preference for the complainant\rquote s account of the events of the night of 2nd October 1994 which was detailed and elaborate, I remain unconvinced that the trial magistrate\rquote s favourable assessment of the complainant\rquote 
s credibility was insupportable or erroneous.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid9393515 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393515 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid9393515 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393515 In the result the appeal is dismissed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid9393515 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393515 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid9393515 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393515 (Appeal dismissed.)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid9393515 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1972231 
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