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{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7478397 \cbpat8 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 HIGH COURT OF FIJI}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4468888 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4468888 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4468888\charrsid4468888 Criminal Jurisdiction}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4468888\charrsid4468888 
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 STATE}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 
\par 
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7478397 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 MARK LAWRENCE MUTCH
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 Pathik J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4468888 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4468888 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4468888 26 October 1999
\par 
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Crime: Evidence and proof- similar fact evidence- when admissible.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7478397 
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The accused was charged with a number of offences 
involving indecency with children. The prosecution sought leave to adduce the evidence of other children who would testify that the accused had also indecently dealt with them. The High Court explained the law governing the admissibility of similar fact e
vidence and granted the prosecution\rquote s application.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 
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Director of Public Prosecutions v Boardman}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs15\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4468888  }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7108536\charrsid4468888 
HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org.vu/cgi-bin/LawCite?cit=%5b1975%5d%20AC%20421" \\o "View LawCite Record"}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\ul\cf2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 [1975] AC 421}}}\sectd \ltrsect
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 Harris v D.P.P.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs15\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4468888  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 [1952] A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16323230 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888  694}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 
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Makin v Attorney-General for New South Wales}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs15\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16323230  }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7108536\charrsid4468888 
HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org.vu/cgi-bin/LawCite?cit=%5b1894%5d%20AC%2057" \\o "View LawCite Record"}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\ul\cf2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 [1894] AC 57}}}\sectd \ltrsect
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 R. v. Doughty}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs15\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16323230  }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7108536\charrsid4468888 HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org.vu/cgi-bin/LawCite?cit=%5b1965%5d%201%20All%20ER%20560" \\o "View LawCiteRecord"}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs16\ul\cf2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16323230 [1965] 1 All ER}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\ul\cf2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888  560}}}\sectd \ltrsect
\psz9\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid4468888\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16323230 ; [1965] 1 WLR}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888  331}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7478397 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 R v P}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs15\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16323230  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16323230 [1991] 3 All ER 337 H}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 L}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 Rex v. Sims}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs15\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16323230  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16323230 [1946] 1 KB}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888  531}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7478397 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 Ruling on admissibility of evidence in the High Court.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 Ms. Rachel Olutimayin with D. Goundar}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16323230  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 for the State}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 M. Raza}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs15\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16323230  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 for the Accused}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 Pathik J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 
The accused Mark Lawrence Mutch stands charged on eight counts as follows: First Count, rape; Second Count, indecent assault. The complainant on these counts is Martha Kayaga Fifita; Third Count, indecent assault
 - the complainant being Akosita Maria Makitalena; Fourth Count, indecent assault with complainant Tagimaca Viro; Fifth Count, Rape with complainant Mariana Nai Seru; Sixth Count and Seventh Count indecent assault with complainant Maria Salote Seru; and E
ighth Count - indecent assault with complainant Elenoa Adicakau.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 The complainants in each of the above Counts have given evidence. Four other witnesses have also testified.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 
The Prosecution now applies to court to adduce similar fact evidence and wishes to call as witnesses Ana Salauga, Frances Michale, Sereana Satish, Theresa Challottee and Yvonne Zian. Their statements are contained in the deposition. The prosecution has st
ated in its written submission the lines and passages in these statements on which it intends to rely in this application.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 Prosecution submission}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 Ms. Rachel Olutimayin for the prosecution submitted that similar fact evidence is admissible in law. She st
ated that the probative force of the evidence of these proposed witnesses (girls) in support of the charges against the accused are sufficiently great to make it just to admit their evidence notwithstanding that it is prejudicial to the accused intending 
to show that he was guilty of other crimes. She referred the Court to one of the leading cases on the subject, namely,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs15\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16323230  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\ul\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 R v P}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs15\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16323230  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16323230 
[1991] 3 WLR}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888  161, H.L.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 Further, the prosecution desires to produce evidence to show the unlikelihood of coincidence, that is th
at the allegations are not coincidence. She said that this evidence will be admissible under the similar fact rule if explanation of it on the basis of coincidence would be an \'93affront to common sense; or would be against all probabilities\'94
. If this is the case, then the evidence has the necessary probative force.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 The prosecution submitted that the similar fact evidence will be relevant to the issue of whether the accused\rquote 
s conduct was accidental on the basis that a person may have one accident but is unlikely to have two or more accidents of a similar nature. The unlikelihood of coincidence is a rationale justifying reception of the evidence.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 Ms. Rachel referred the Court to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs15\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16323230  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\ul\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 Harris v D.P.P.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs15\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16323230  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16323230 [1952] AC}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888  694 where Lord Wilberforce stated that the basic pr
inciple must be that the admission of similar fact evidence is exceptional and requires a strong degree of probative force. He said that \'93
this probative force is derived, if at all, from the circumstance that the facts testified to by the several witnesses
, bear to each other such a striking similarity that they must when judged by experience and common sense, either all be true, or have arisen from a cause common to the witness or from pure coincidence\'94.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 Ms. Rachel further submitted that the similar fact
 evidence which the prosecution intends to adduce from the witnesses involves indecent assaults of similar type to those alleged against the accused, the evidence goes further to show some other clear \'93signatures\'94
 (e.g. taking girls in the computer room, taking photographs of them, telling them to take their shower) which depicts the pattern of the accused\rquote s offending and then it is admissible, as its probative value outweighs its prejudicial value.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 She finally submitted that the main issue would be credi
bility of the complainants, therefore similar fact evidence will assist the assessors to arrive at the truth and that the similar fact evidence ought to be admitted in the interests of justice.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 Defence submission}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 Mr. Raza
 for the defence submitted that similar fact evidence to be admissible means that that would be corroborative evidence of the complainants. That is the only purpose for which similar fact evidence is admissible. He said that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16323230  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 Makin v Attorney-General for}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs15\ul\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16323230  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 New South Wales}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs15\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16323230  }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7108536\charrsid4468888 HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org.vu/cgi-bin/LawCite?cit=%5b1894%5d%20AC%2057" \\o "View LawCite Record"}
}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\ul\cf2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 [1894] AC 57}}}\sectd \ltrsect\psz9\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid4468888\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 (P.C.) is still the guideline on the subject of similar fact evidence. He says that similar fact evidence refers to the commis
sion of the crime and by having that admissible it says in fact that there is corroborative evidence of the charge. That is the basis upon which similar fact evidence can be admissible.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 

\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 Mr. Raza submits that before similar fact evidence is allowed to be 
admitted one cannot ignore the facts that have come before the Court and the evidence of the six complainants in the eight Counts. He submits that this is an attempt on the part of the prosecution to improve the prosecution case where there have been gapi
ng holes in the evidence of the complainants in all the counts.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 
The learned Counsel then goes through the evidence of each of the complainants on each Count and points out to Court the weaknesses in the prosecution evidence particularly the inconsistent s
tatements in the evidence of each of the complainants. He said that the complainants have been discredited in cross-examination. In Count six and seven the complainant in these Counts Maria Salote Seru was declared hostile by the prosecution.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 On the law on the subject of admissibility of similar fact evidence he referred the Court to Blackstone\rquote s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs15\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16323230  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 Criminal Practice}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 , 1997 at F 12.4 p.1988 et seq.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 Consideration of the application}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 
The circumstances which have given rise to this application to admit similar fact evidence has been briefly outlined hereabove together with the legal submissions of both counsel.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 I have carefully considered these submissions bearing in mind the nature o
f the eight Counts against the accused, the whole of the evidence that has been adduced}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 through the said complainants and the law bearing on the subject of admissibility of similar fact evidence.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 The law}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 The general rule as to similar fact evidence has been very clearly stated in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs15\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16323230  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 Halsbury\rquote s Laws}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs15\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16323230  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 Vol 11 4th Ed para 375 thus:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri720\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid7478397 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li850\ri879\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin879\lin850\itap0\pararsid7478397 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 \'93
375. Similar facts: general rule. The prosecution may not adduce evidence tending to show that the defendant has been guilty of criminal acts other than those covered by the ind
ictment for the purpose of leading to the conclusion that the defendant is a person likely from his criminal conduct or character to have committed the offence for which he is being tried. The mere fact that the evidence adduced tends to show the commissi
o
n of other offences, however, does not render it inadmissible if it is relevant to an issue before the jury; and it may be so relevant if it bears upon the question whether the acts in question were designed or accidental, or to rebut a defence which woul
d otherwise be open to the defendant.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 
In exceptional cases evidence that the defendant has been guilty of other offences is admissible if it shows that those offences share with the offence which is the subject of the charge common features of such an unu
sual nature and striking similarity that it would be an affront to common sense to assert that the similarity is explicable on the basis of coincidence. In such a case the trial judge has a discretion to admit the evidence if he is satisfied (1) that its 
probative value in relation to an issue before the jury outweighs its prejudicial effect and (2) that there is no possibility of collaboration between the witnesses.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri879\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin879\lin0\itap0\pararsid7478397 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 Blackstone}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs15\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16323230  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 (supra) states the basic test as follows:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li850\ri879\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin879\lin850\itap0\pararsid7478397 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 \'93It has rightly been said that the principle upon which evidence of similar facts is admissible is easy to state but difficult to apply: see, e.g.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs15\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16323230  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 Makin v Attorney-General for}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs15\ul\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16323230  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 New South Wales}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs15\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16323230  }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7108536\charrsid4468888 HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org.vu/cgi-bin/LawCite?cit=%5b1894%5d%20AC%2057" \\o "View LawCite Record"}
}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\ul\cf2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 [1894] AC 57}}}\sectd \ltrsect\psz9\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid4468888\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 , per Lord Herschell LC at p.65;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs15\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16323230  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\ul\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 Director of Public Prosecutions v Boardman}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs15\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16323230  }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7108536\charrsid4468888 HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org.vu/cgi-bin/LawCite?cit=%5b1975%5d%20AC%20421" \\o "View LawCite Record"}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs16\ul\cf2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 [1975] AC 421}}}\sectd \ltrsect\psz9\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid4468888\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 , per Lord Hailsham at p.446.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 The sta
tement of principle is easy, because it rests simply upon the notion of degrees of relevance. Evidence is inadmissible if it does no more than to suggest that the accused is the sort of person who might commit the offence charged, but admissible if it goe
s further and becomes part of the proof that he did commit it.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7478397 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 
In the application of the general rule it is in the court\rquote s discretion to exclude it as in circumstances stated by}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs15\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16323230  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 Halsbury}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 (supra) at para 376 thus:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li850\ri851\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin851\lin850\itap0\pararsid7478397 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 \'93
If it is sought to adduce similar fact 
evidence it must be shown that there is some specific connection both in regard to time and the nature of the events between the events sought to be adduced and those constituting the offence charged and the evidence must be probative in some real degree 
of that offence. Even where such evidence is strictly admissible the trial judge has a discretion to exclude it if its prejudicial effect is out of proportion to its probative value.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7478397 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 On the discretion of judge to exclude I refer to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs15\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16323230  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 Harris v D.P.P.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs15\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16323230  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 (supra) [quoting from 14(2) Digest (Reissue) para 4198] where it states:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li850\ri907\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin907\lin850\itap0\pararsid7478397 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 \'93
It is a rule of judicial practice, flowing from the duty of the judge when trying a charge of crime to set the essentials of justice above the technical rule if the strict application of
 the latter would operate unfairly against accused, and to consider whether the evidence of similar facts which it is proposed to adduce is sufficiently substantial, having regard to the purpose to which it is professedly directed to make it desirable in 
the interests of justice that it should be admitted. If it can, in the circumstances of the case, have only trifling weight, the judge would be right to exclude it.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7478397 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 It is pertinent to note what was held in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs15\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16323230  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 R v P}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs15\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16323230  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16323230 [1991] 3 All ER}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888  337 (H.L) which states t
he circumstances in which similar fact evidence is admissible. There it was held:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li567\ri538\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin538\lin567\itap0\pararsid7478397 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li850\ri851\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin851\lin850\itap0\pararsid7478397 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 \'93
Evidence of an offence against one victim could be admitted at the trial of an allegation that the accused person had committed a crime against another victim if the 
essential feature of the evidence which was to be admitted was that its probative force in support of the allegations was sufficiently great to make it just to admit the evidence, notwithstanding that it was prejudicial to the accused intending to show th
at he was guilty of another crime. Although such probative force could be derived from striking similarities in the evidence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 about the manner in which the crime had been committed, there was no justification in restricting the circumstances in which there
 was sufficient probative force to overcome prejudice of evidence relating to another crime to cases where there was some striking similarity between the crimes since what had to be assessed was both the probative force of the evidence in question and whe
t
her the evidence of one victim was sufficiently related, either by striking similarities or in time and circumstances, to the evidence of another victim provided strong enough support for the evidence of the second victim to make it just to admit it, notw
ithstanding the prejudicial effect of admitting the evidence.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7478397 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 Application of law to the facts of this case}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7478397 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7478397 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 
The complainants have already given evidence and they have been cross-examined at great length. What weight is to be given to their evidence has 
to be weighed in the light of the rest of the evidence to be adduced by the prosecution including the proposed similar fact evidence if allowed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 At this stage the prosecution seeks a ruling from the Court whether it ought to be allowed to adduce similar 
fact evidence from the five prospective witnesses referred to hereabove based on portions of their statements to Police.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 Mr. Raza strongly objects to the admissibility of such evidence because, inter alia, in effect he submits that the complainants have 
performed dismally in the witness box while testifying in this Court. He asks how would the proposed evidence assist the prosecution.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 Be that as it may, as stated by the prosecution, that at this stage the \lquote strength of the prosecution case does not become an issue\rquote 
 and that the credibility of witnesses are to be decided by the assessors. The question is whether or not to admit evidence irrespective of the strength of prosecution case as at present.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7478397 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7478397 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 
I have come to the conclusion, on the evidence before m
e, bearing in mind the nature of evidence proposed to be adduced particularly in the light of the nature of the charges in the eight counts, that the evidence of similar fact is admissible in this case and ought to be allowed to be adduced, for the eviden
ce goes beyond showing a tendency on the part of the accused to commit crimes of the kind charged and is positively probative in regard to the offences charged. The following passage from the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs15\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16323230  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 Digest}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs15\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16323230 
 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 (supra) para 4181 is pertinent in regard to Court\rquote s duty in such a case:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li567\ri567\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin567\lin567\itap0\pararsid7478397 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li850\ri879\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin879\lin850\itap0\pararsid7478397 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 \'93
There is no principle whereby \'93similar fact\'94 evidence must be excluded if there is a serious question as to the correctness of the facts spoken to in the \'93similar fact\'94 evidence. The question whether the evidence relating to the similar 
facts is accepted or not is one for the jury. If the judge is satisfied that such evidence, if accepted by the jury, goes beyond evidence of mere disposition, he should admit the evidence and leave it to the jury to make what they think of it.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 It is suit
able and proper that the judge should consider whether he ought to give the jury a warning that the evidence is admissible only if it goes beyond mere evidence of disposition and that, if they think it relates to disposition only, they should disregard it
, but there is no principle requiring such a warning to be given in every case, -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs15\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16323230  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\ul\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 R v. Rance}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs15\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16323230  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 R. v Herron}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs15\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16323230  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 (1975) 120 Sol. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16323230 
Jo. 28; 62 Cr. App. Rep. 118, CA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7478397 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 As far as offences against children are concerned evidence of similar acts of indecency is admissible. On this th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16323230 e }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 Digest}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs15\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16323230  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 (supra) at para 4278 states:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li850\ri851\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin851\lin850\itap0\pararsid7478397 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 \'93
Although it is clear that on a charge of indecent assault on young children evidence of similar acts of indecency is admissible to enable the jury to decide whether visits of the children to accused p
erson were in pursuance of a guilty or innocent association yet where the evidence of indecency is tenuous to a degree and where, even if the conduct is held to be indecent, it is a different form of indecency, then the trial judge can only exercise his d
iscretion by excluding that evidence for its prejudicial effect would be overwhelming. -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs15\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16323230  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\ul\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 R. v. Doughty}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs15\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16323230  }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7108536\charrsid4468888 HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org.vu/cgi-bin/LawCite?cit=%5b1965%5d%201%20All%20ER%20560" \\
o "View LawCiteRecord"}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\ul\cf2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16323230 [1965] 1 All ER}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\ul\cf2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888  560}}}
\sectd \ltrsect\psz9\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid4468888\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16323230 ; [1965] 1 WLR}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888  331;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs15\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16323230  }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7108536\charrsid4468888 
HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org.vu/cgi-bin/LawCite?cit=129%20JP%20172" \\o "View LawCiteRecord"}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\ul\cf2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16323230 129 J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs16\ul\cf2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 P 172}}}\sectd \ltrsect\psz9\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid4468888\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 ; 109 Sol. J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16323230 o. 172; 49 Cr. App. Rep. 110, CCA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7478397 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 I have already stated that on Counts 6 and 7 the complainant has been declared hostil
e and I need not say any more on what weight is to be put on her evidence at this stage. Also as admitted by prosecution in its submission that similar fact evidence will not assist its case in relation to rape counts in Counts 1 and 5 but on Counts 2, 3,
 4 & 8 similar fact evidence will go a long way to support the evidence of the complainants and that it will throw some light on its case in relation to indecent assault charges.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 The evidence of the complainants and the proposed similar fact evidence inte
nded to be adduced bear striking similarity to some of the Counts before the Court.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 The following passage from the judgment of Lord Goddard CJ in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs15\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16323230  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 Rex v. Sims}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs15\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16323230  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16323230 [1946] 1 KB}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888  531 at 540 (C.A.) is apt:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 

\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li850\ri851\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin851\lin850\itap0\pararsid7478397 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 \'93
That is a special feature sufficient in itself to justify the admissibility of the evidence; but we think it should be put on a broader basis. Sodomy is a crime in a special category because, as Lord Sumner said, \'93
persons who commit the offences now under consideration seek the habitual gratification of a pa
rticular perverted lust, which not only takes them out of the class of ordinary men gone wrong, but stamps them with the hall-mark of a specialized and extraordinary class as much as if they carried on their bodies some physical peculiarity.\'94
 On this accou
nt, in regard to this crime we think that the repetition of the acts is itself a special feature connecting the accused with the crime and that evidence of this kind is admissible to show the nature of the act done by the accused. The probative force of a
l
l the acts together is much greater than one alone; for, whereas the jury might think one man might be telling an untruth, three or four are hardly likely to tell the same untruth unless they were conspiring together. If there is nothing to suggest a cons
p
iracy their evidence would seem to be overwhelming. Whilst it would no doubt be in the interests of the prisoner that each case should be considered separately without the evidence on the others, we think that the interests of justice require that on each
 case the evidence on the others should be considered, and that, even apart from the defence raised by him, the evidence would be admissible.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7478397 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 Bearing in mind the nature of the charges and the evidence that has been so far adduced, I consider that I ought
 not to deny the prosecution the opportunity of adducing similar fact evidence. In this regard I have noted the following statements from the judgment of Lord Goddard in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs15\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16323230  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 Sims}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs15\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16323230  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 (supra) at p.540 where it is stated:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li567\ri538\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin538\lin567\itap0\pararsid7478397 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li850\ri879\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin879\lin850\itap0\pararsid7478397 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 \'93
The visits of the men to the prisoner\rquote s 
house were either for a guilty or an innocent purpose: that they all speak to the commission of the same class of acts upon them tends to show that in each case the visits were for the former and not the latter purpose. The same considerations would apply
 
to a case where a man is charged with a series of indecent offences against children, whether boys or girls: that they all complain of the same sort of conduct shows that the interest the prisoner was taking in them was not of a paternal or friendly natur
e but for the purpose of satisfying lust.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7478397 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 
For these reasons, on the facts of this case, and taking into consideration the principles of law relating to similar fact evidence, in the exercise of my discretion, I grant the application.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 (Application granted.)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7478397\charrsid4468888 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1972231\charrsid4468888 
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