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SHEET METAL AND PLUMBING (FIJI) LIMITED}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4999097 
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid2955235\charrsid4999097 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4999097 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 Fatiaki J}{\rtlch\fcs1 
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\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2955235 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 14 April}{\rtlch\fcs1 
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2955235 
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Small Claims Tribunals- rights of appeal therefrom- Small Claims Tribunal Decree 7/1991 Section 33.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 The Respondent to a claim in the Small Claims Tribunal appealed to the High Court against a Resident Magistrate\rquote 
s refusal of his application for leave to 
appeal out of time against a determination of the tribunal. Dismissing the appeal, the High Court examined the limited nature of the right of appeal from a Small Claims Tribunal. It explained that there was no right of appeal except where the tribunal exc
eeded its jurisdiction or when the proceedings were conducted in a manner unfair and prejudicial to the appellant.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 
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\par 
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Eagil Trust v. Piggott-Brown}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2955235  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 [1985] 3 All ER 119}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 Hertz New Zealand Ltd v. Disputes Tribunal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2955235  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 N.Z.I. Insurance N.Z. Ltd. v. Auckland District Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2955235  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 (1993) 3 NZLR 453}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 Port v. Liddicoat}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2955235  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 (1988) D.C.R.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4999097 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid2955235\charrsid4999097 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4999097 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 
Appeal to the High Court from the Magistrates\rquote  Court.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 I. Razak}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2955235  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2955235  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 S. Chandra}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2955235  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 for the Appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 Respondent in Person}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14444167 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 Fatiaki J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14444167 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 On the 6th April 1999 after hearing 
extensive argument from counsel for the appellant company and the respondent in person, I dismissed the appeal for reasons which I now provide.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid4999097 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 This appeal arises out of an earlier unsuccessful application dated 14th April 1998 by the appellant to the Magistrates\rquote 
 Court, Suva seeking an extension of time to appeal against a decision of the Small Claims Tribunal (Mr. D. Dass) delivered on the 13th of January 1998.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14444167 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 Section 33(3) of the Small Claims Tribunal Decree 1991 (\lquote the Decree\rquote ) expressly provides that:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li567\ri538\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin538\lin567\itap0\pararsid4999097 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14444167 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14444167\charrsid4999097  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 \lquote 
An appeal shall be brought by the filing of a notice of appeal, ... within 14 days of the Tribunal\rquote s order.\rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4999097 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid4999097 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 Plainly therefore, in this case, the appeal before the Magistrates\rquote  Court was brought some 2 1/2 months out of time and the appellant quite 
properly sought an extension of the time within which its appeal could be filed and which the Magistrates\rquote  Court is empowered to grant pursuant to Order XXXVII rule 4 of the Magistrates\rquote  Court Rules (Cap. 14).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14444167 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 The application for extension of time was served on the respondent who appeared before the learned magistrate and opposed it on the basis that \lquote 
there is no truth to the matters raised in the affidavit in support\rquote .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14444167 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 As the respondent appeared in person the learned magistrate decided to orally record the respondent\rquote 
s reply on oath instead of ordering an affidavit in the usual manner. This occurred on 23rd April 1998 when the respondent and the appellant\rquote s representative both testified and were cross-examined on oath.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14444167 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 On 26th June 1998 the learned magistrate orally dismissed the appellant\rquote 
s application. In her written Reasons for Decision subsequently provided, the learned magistrate properly and correctly directed herself as to the relevant principles to be considered in the exercise of her discretion t
o extend the time limited for the filing of an appeal. Thereafter she correctly identifies the reasons or grounds advanced by the appellant in seeking to excuse or explain the inordinate delay in filing its appeal and then, after considering the New Zeala
nd District Court decision of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2955235  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 Port v. Liddicoat}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2955235  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 
(1988) D.C.R. as to the time when the appeal period begins to run, the magistrate makes two crucial findings of fact on the basis of the evidence placed before her by the parties. These were:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid4999097 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li567\ri567\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin567\lin567\itap0\pararsid4999097 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 (1)\lquote 
... that the orders made (by the Small Claims Tribunal) were declared at the conclusion of the hearing on the 13th January 1998, in the presence of the parties and each was thereby put on notice as to the contents of the order.\rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4999097 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 and later:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li567\ri567\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin567\lin567\itap0\pararsid4999097 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14444167 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14444167\charrsid4999097  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 (2)\lquote ... that the intended
 appellant had evinced to him (the respondent) an intention not to comply with the SCT Order on the telephone on 13th January 1998 after the hearing and judgment (of the SCT).\rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4999097 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14444167 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 Neither finding of fact was challenged on the appeal before me and accordingly binds the appellant in this so-called appeal against the learned magistrate
\rquote s refusal to extend the time limited for an appeal against the Order of the Small Claims Tribunal.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 I say \lquote so-called appeal\rquote  advisedly because while a perusal of the Notice and gr
ounds of appeal filed before this court (at pp.1 & 3 of the record), sufficiently identifies the decision being appealed against (\lquote wherein the defendants motion to appeal out of time was dismissed\rquote 
) no ground has been advanced which identifies any error in the learned magistrate\rquote s refusal to exercise her discretion.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 
Indeed both grounds of appeal if I may say so, directly relates to the merits of the appeal against the decision of the Small Claims Tribunal and not to the learned magistrate\rquote s decision.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 Be that as it may I have additionally treated this as an appeal against the learned magistrate\rquote 
s refusal to exercise her discretion to extend the time within which the appellant might appeal against the decision or order of the Small Claims Tribunal.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 In doin
g so, I have reminded myself that the decision being appealed against concerns the refusal by the learned magistrate to exercise a statutory discretion granted in the widest possible terms}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2955235  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 viz.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 
\lquote shall see fit to extend\rquote .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 In such an appeal it is trite that 
an appellate court will not lightly interfere with the exercise of a judicial discretion and should only do so where it is satisfied that the magistrate has erred in principle by giving weight to something he ought not to have taken into account or failed
 to give weight to something which he had taken into account or was plainly wrong in its decision.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 In similar vein Griffiths L.J. said in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2955235  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\ul\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 Eagil Trust v. Piggott-Brown}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2955235  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 [1985] 3 All E.R. 119 at p.121:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li567\ri538\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin538\lin567\itap0\pararsid4999097 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14444167\charrsid4999097  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 \'93... there is a heavy burden on an appellant to demonstr
ate to this court that the (magistrate) has either failed to apply well-settled principles or, alternatively, that his discretion can be attacked on what are colloquially known as `Wednesbury\rquote  grounds.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4999097 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 In this case having independently considered the 
evidence before the learned magistrate; the relevant statutory provisions of the Decree and the Magistrates Court Rules; and her judgment, I am far from satisfied that the appellant has discharged the heavy burden placed on it. Additionally, having regard
 to the legislative scheme and procedure of the Small Claims Tribunal and the rather confined ambit of the right of appeal granted under the Decree, I am satisfied that an extension in the present circumstances would not be in the interests of justice.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 The
 appeal against the refusal of the learned magistrate to exercise her discretion to extend the time for appeal is accordingly dismissed. That is sufficient to dispose of this appeal but, in deference to the submission of counsel for the appellant, I have 
decided to consider the other grounds which counsel submits deal with the merits of the case.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 
Before doing so however it is opportune that this Court make some general observations about the legislative intentions behind the creation of Small Claims Tribunals.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 The most obvious intention is that expressed in the long title of the Decree which reads: \lquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\ul\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 A Decree To Establish Small Claims Tribunals in\~Fiji, To Provide Prompt and Inexpensive Relief to Claimants}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 .\rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 From this title alone one can discern the following legislative intentions:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-1134\li1134\ri538\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin538\lin1134\itap0\pararsid4999097 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-567\li1134\ri538\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin538\lin1134\itap0\pararsid4999097 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2955235 (1)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097  The Decree establishes Tribunals not Courts;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2955235 (2)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 
 The nature of the cases with which the Tribunal is concerned are small claims;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2955235 (3)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097  The central purpose of the Tribunal is \lquote 
to provide ... relief to claimants\rquote ; and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 (4) By a process that is both prompt and inexpensive.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4999097 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 Other distinguishing features of a tribunal are:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li567\ri567\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin567\lin567\itap0\pararsid4999097 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-567\li1134\ri567\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin567\lin1134\itap0\pararsid4999097 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2955235 (a)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097  That it is presided over by a referee who need not have legal qualifications and whose primary function is to attempt to bring the parties in dispute to an agreed settlement;}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2955235 (b)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 
 Qualified and practising lawyers and professional advocates are excluded from its proceedings;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097  and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2955235 (c)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 
 Evidence before a tribunal need not be given on oath nor need it be oral or even originate from the parties to the dispute.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4999097 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 With those introductory observations I turn to the grounds of appeal filed by the appellant.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 
In supporting the first ground of appeal counsel for the appellant argued that the failure of the referee to hear or allow the respondent to make his submissions before he made his decision, amounts to a breach of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2955235  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 audi alteram partem}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2955235  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 
rule which is so fundamental to the conduct of a fair trial that the time to appeal should have been extended in order to allow the appeal to proceed on its merits. Attractive as t
he submission may appear on first impressions, it is unsupported in this case and cannot be acceded to.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 The appellant\rquote s own representative in his sworn evidence before the learned magistrate (at p.43 of the record) accepts:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-567\li1134\ri567\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin567\lin1134\itap0\pararsid4999097 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2955235 (1)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097  that on the 13th January 1998 he came down to the Small Claims Tribunal \lquote to represent the (appellant) company on the instructions of ... the managing director\rquote ;}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2955235 (2)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097  that he was \lquote in the Court room for about 45 minutes\rquote ; and
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2955235 (3)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097  that \lquote (the referee) had told (him) to pay $1,900 to t
he Court and to that (he) didn\rquote t agree. Later on (the referee) told (him) to bring a witness ...\rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4999097 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 Furthermore the referee\rquote s record of proceedings (at p.38 of the appeal record) clearly records at \lquote 2.15 p.m.\rquote 
, the presence of the appellant company\rquote s representative and his answers to various questions that were asked of him including his disagreement \lquote to replacing the old system with a new Solarmate Hot Water System or pay $1,900 to the claimant
\rquote .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 And at p.39 in his written decision the referee writes:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li567\ri538\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin538\lin567\itap0\pararsid4999097 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-567\li1134\ri538\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin538\lin1134\itap0\pararsid4999097 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2955235 \lquote 5.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097  The Respondent was not agreeable to replacing the system with a new system or pay $1,900 to the claimant;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2955235 6.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 
 The Tribunal having heard both the claimant and the Respondent ... is satisfied that the ... Hot Water System supplied and installed by the Respondent has proved to be faulty;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2955235 7.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 
 The Tribunal therefore orders the Respondent to remove the ... Hot Water System from the Claimant\rquote s house at the Respondent\rquote s costs and pay the Claimant ($1,900.00) through the Small Claims Tribunal within (14) days from 
the date of this ORDER.\rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4999097 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 Quite plainly, in light of the above fortified by the maxim \lquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 omnia praesumuntur rite esse acta}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 \rquote 
 which is applicable to public officers acting in the discharge of public duties, and, in the absence of any sworn evidence to the contrary, there does not appear to be any substantial basis or reason to doubt the accuracy and authenticity of the referee
\rquote s record. This ground of complaint is accordingly dismissed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 The second ground of appeal on the merits reads:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 

\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li567\ri538\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin538\lin567\itap0\pararsid4999097 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 \lquote 
That the learned magistrate erred in law and in fact by failing to properly consider the 3 year long term usage of the Solar System by the respondent while ordering the full refund to be paid by the appellant to the respondent of $1,900.00.\rquote }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4999097 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 In this regard counsel for the
 appellant company highlighted the plain fact that the respondent was in actual possession of the solar water heater since September 1993 when it was first installed at his residence and continues to do so and as such, presumably has derived some benefit 
from it over the years since 1993. This benefit, counsel claims, was not considered or compensated for in the referee\rquote s decision and is tantamount to an unjust enrichment to the respondent.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 Against that, must be weighed the respondent\rquote s evidence as summari
sed by the referee in para.2 of his decision (at p.39 of the appeal record); the referee\rquote s clear finding of fact that the hot water system \lquote supplied and installed by the (appellant) has proved to be faulty\rquote 
; and his subsequent order that \lquote the (appellant) remove the hot water system from the (respondent\rquote s) house\rquote .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 Quite plainly in my view the referee\rquote 
s composite order in this case was within the category of orders he was empowered to make under Section 16 of the Decree. Section 17 then provides that such an order \lquote 
shall be final and binding on all parties to the proceedings ... and except as provided in Section 33, no appeal shall lie in respect thereof\rquote .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 In this latter regard Section 33 of the Decree provides a right of appeal limited to the following two grounds:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-567\li1134\ri567\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin567\lin1134\itap0\pararsid4999097 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2955235 \lquote (a)}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097  the proceedings were conducted by the referee in a manner which was unfair to the appellant and prejudicially affected the result of the proceedings; or}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2955235 (b) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 the Tribunal exceeded its jurisdiction.\rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4999097 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 It is only necessary in this appeal, to consider ground (a).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 
At the outset it must be noted that the form of wording used in ground (a) is unusual and is plainly distinguishable from a general right of appeal such as that conferred under Section 36 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2955235  }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8848067 HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org/fj/legis/consol_act/mca232/"}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\ul\cf2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 Magistrates Courts Act}}}\sectd \ltrsect\psz9\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14444167\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2955235  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 (Cap.14); Section 12 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2955235  }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8848067 HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org/fj/legis/consol_act/coaa157/"}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\ul\cf2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 Court of Appeal Act}}}\sectd \ltrsect\psz9\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14444167\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 (Cap.12); and on the Supreme Court under Section 122 of the 1997 Constitution.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 

\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 What is more gro
und (a) specifically refers to the manner in which the referee conducted the proceedings as the crucial concern of the right of appeal on that first ground. Furthermore not only must the conduct complained about be unfair to the appellant it must, in addi
tion, prejudicially affect the result.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 
As to the manner or procedure required to be followed by the referee in conducting a proceeding under the Decree these are principally to be found in Sections 24 to 29 (inclusive) under the heading \lquote HEARINGS\rquote . A curso
ry examination of these provisions serves to highlight the informal, non-adversarial nature of the proceedings before the Small Claims Tribunal and militates against a general appeal on the merits or for errors of law.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 The non-legalistic nature of a Tribunal proceeding is further exemplified by the requirement in Section 15(4) of the Decree that:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li567\ri567\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin567\lin567\itap0\pararsid4999097 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 \lquote 
The Tribunal shall determine the dispute according to the substantial merits and justice of the case and in doing so ... shall not be bound to give effect to strict legal rights or obligations or to legal forms or technicalities.\rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4999097 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 I am fortified in my narrow view of the appellant\rquote s right of appeal, by the observations of Th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2955235 orp J. In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 N.Z.I. Insurance N.Z. Ltd. v. Auckland District Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\ul\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2955235  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 [1993] 3 N.Z.L.R. 453 when
 he said of a similar right granted in the Disputes Tribunals Act 1988 (New Zealand), in identical terms to our ground (a) above, at p.458:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li567\ri567\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin567\lin567\itap0\pararsid4999097 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 \lquote 
The essential matter (in the words used) ... is its specification of the basis for appeal against a referee\rquote s dete
rmination as being the conduct of proceedings in a manner that was unfair to the appellant and prejudicially affected the result of the proceedings. This formulation is both specific and unusual. On its ordinary grammatical construction it provides only a
 limited right of appeal, and requires any intending appellant to direct the (Court) to some unfairness in the form, and not simply the result, of the tribunal\rquote s hearing.\rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4999097 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 and a little later in his judgment his honour said:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li567\ri538\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin538\lin567\itap0\pararsid4999097 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 \lquote 
read on (its) own, and on the 
basis of (its) ordinary grammatical meaning, (the section) would not leave any careful interpreter in much doubt that the right of appeal (it) created was a special type of appeal, limited to cases of procedural unfairness (and does not extend to the corr
ection of errors of law).\rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4999097 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 Even more trenchant is the view expressed by Greig J. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2955235\charrsid4999097 I}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2955235  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\ul\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 Hertz New Zealand Ltd. v. Disputes Tribunal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2955235\charrsid4999097  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 (1994) 8 PRNZ where his honour said in rejecting the appeal in that case, at p.151:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li567\ri538\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin538\lin567\itap0\pararsid4999097 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 \lquote 
... there is no appeal on the merits even if there is a clear and fundamental error of law in the conclusion of the Tribunal.\rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4999097 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 Quite plainly in my view not only is this second ground of appeal misconceived in so far as it seeks to question the merits of the referee\rquote 
s decision without pointing to any procedural unfairness but further, in so far as it purports to be predicated on the difficult legal principle of unjust enrichment it fails to properly appreciate the function and nature of a non-legally qualified refer
ee exercising what in effect is an equity and good conscience jurisdiction.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 
In this latter regard can it not be said in good conscience that the inconvenience and damage suffered and the expenses incurred by the respondent since the installation of the de
fective solar water heater cancels out (for want of a better term) any unquantifiable benefits the respondent may have enjoyed over the past 3 years from being in possession of the hot water system? and is not the buyer of defective or unfit goods entitle
d to damages under the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2955235  }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8848067 HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org/fj/legis/consol_act/soga128/"}}{\fldrslt {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 Sale of Goods Act}}}\sectd \ltrsect\psz9\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14444167\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2955235  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 (Cap. 230)? These considerations merely serve to re-enforce the broad nature of a referee\rquote 
s jurisdiction.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 This second ground of appeal is accordingly dismissed as incompetent.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 (Appeal dismissed.)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid4999097\charrsid4999097 
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