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Judicial Review- public service- whether a decision to interdict a public servant without pay is a reviewable decision- Public Service Commission (Constitution) Regulations 1990 Regn. 36.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 

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The Applicant who was a teacher was interdicted without pay after being charged with a disciplinary offence arising from a romantic liaison with one of his pupils. He applied for leave to move for judicial review of the decision to interdict him and to i
nterdict him without pay. The Public Service Commission opposed the application on the ground that the decision which it has sought to impugn was not \'93final\'94
. The High Court granted leave and HELD: the rules of natural justice apply to a decision to interdict without pay.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
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Associated Provincial Picture Houses Ltd v. Wednesbury Corporation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13188760 
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\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13188760 HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org.vu/cgi-bin/LawCite?cit=%5b1990%5d%20HCA%2033" \\o "View LawCite Record"}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs15\ul\cf2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 
[1990] HCA 33}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid1255308\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 ;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13188760 HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org.vu/cgi-bin/LawCite?cit=%5b1988%5d%2094%20ALR%2011" \\o "View LawCite Record"}}{\fldrslt {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs15\ul\cf2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 [1988] 94 ALR 11}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid1255308\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 Birss v. Secretary for Justice}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13188760 HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org.vu/cgi-bin/LawCite?cit=%5b1984%5d%201%20NZLR%20513" \\o "View LawCite Record"}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs15\ul\cf2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 
[1984] 1 NZLR 513}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid1255308\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 Dixon v Commonwealth}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid13188760 HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org.vu/cgi-bin/LawCite?cit=%5b1981%5d%20FCA%2077" \\o "View LawCite Record"}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs15\ul\cf2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 [1981] FCA 77}}}\sectd \ltrsect
\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid1255308\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 ;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}
{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13188760 HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org.vu/cgi-bin/LawCite?cit=%281918%29%2055%20FLR%2034" \\o "View LawCiteRecord"}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs15\ul\cf2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 (1918) 55 FLR 34}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid1255308\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 , 44}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 Edelsten v. Health Insurance Commission & Ors}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13188760 HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org.vu/cgi-bin/LawCite?cit=%5b1990%5d%2096%20ALR%20673" \\o "View LawCite Record"}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs15\ul\cf2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 [1990] 96 ALR 673}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid1255308\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 Forster v. Jododex Aust. Pty Ltd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13188760 HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org.vu/cgi-bin/LawCite?cit=%5b1972%5d%20HCA%2061" \\o "View LawCite Record"}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs15\ul\cf2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 [1972] HCA 61}}}
\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid1255308\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 ;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 
\~}{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13188760 HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org.vu/cgi-bin/LawCite?cit=%5b1972%5d%20127%20CLR%20421" \\o "View LawCite Record"}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs15\ul\cf2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 [1972] 127 CLR 421}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid1255308\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 IRC v. National Federation of Self Employed and Small Businesses}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}
{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13188760 HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org.vu/cgi-bin/LawCite?cit=%5b1982%5d%20AC%20617" \\o "View LawCite Record"}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs15\ul\cf2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 [1982] AC 617}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid1255308\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 John v Rees}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 [1970] Ch 345, 397}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 Vaillancourt v The King}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 [1927] Exch CR 21}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7958810 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 Application for leave to move for judicial review.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 A. K. Singh}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 for the Applicant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 S. K. Baiju}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 for the Respondents}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 Pathik J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 This is an application by Divendra Bijay (the \'93applicant\'94
) for leave to apply for Judicial Review under Or.53 r 3 of the High Court Rules 1988 and for an order that the grant of leave shall operate as a stay of proceedings to which the application relates including \'93
stay of the decision of the Permanent Secretary for Education Women and Culture\'94 (the \'93Respondents\'94).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 The applicant was on February 1997 formally charged pursuant to Regulation 41(1) of the Public Service (Constitution) Regulations, 1990 (the \'93Regulations\'94
) for committing a major offence under Regulation 36. The charge reads as follows (annexure I of Applicant\rquote s affidavit):}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li567\ri567\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin567\lin567\itap0\pararsid7958810 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \'93
THAT you, Mr Divendra Bijay (TPF 55269), whilst employed by the Ministry of Educa
tion, Women and Culture, as a Teacher (TE08) at Korociriciri Indian School, did commit a disciplinary offence within the meaning of Regulation 36(t) of the Public Service Commission (Constitution) Regulations, 1990 in that you entered into a romantic and 
s
exual relationship with one Miss Rolini Lata Prasad (f/n Gaya Prasad), formerly a student of your school and presently a student at Suva Sangam High School, commencing with a romantic liaison with her when she was a Form 3 student at Vunimono High School 
and leading to you having sexual intercourse with her when she came to stay with you and your mother last year, your conduct being improper which is likely to bring disrepute to the Public Service.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 In accordance with Regulation 41(2) of the Public Service
 Commission (Constitution) Regulations, 1990 you are required to state in writing within fourteen days from the date of receipt of this memorandum whether you admit or deny the charge. You may also provide in writing such explanation as you think will ena
ble proper consideration to be given to the charge laid against you\'94.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7958810 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 I decided to hear the application inter partes as provided under Or 53 r 3(3)(ii).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 The applicant filed an Affidavit in Support and the Respondents filed one opposing leave and stay.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 Both counsel made written and oral submissions.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 Background}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 
The applicant is a school teacher. He graduated from Lautoka Teachers College on 28 November 1991 and was posted to Korociriciri Indian School, Nausori on 20 January 1992. At that time he was teaching Class 5 and Rolini Lata (referred to as \'93Rolini\'94
) was a student in class 6.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 Subsequently during his teaching career they fell in love with each other. I do not propose to go into details as they are all contained in the applicant\rquote 
s affidavit, suffice it to say that eventually after a lot of struggle and opposition from Rolini\rquote s parents consent for them to get married had been given by the time this application came on for hearing.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 The said charge was served on the applicant on 5 February 1997. The next day he was informed in writing of his interdiction in the following terms:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li567\ri567\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin567\lin567\itap0\pararsid7958810 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \'93
Pursuant to the disciplinary charge laid against you by the Permanent Secretary for Education, Women & Culture vide his memorandum CPF 55269K of 05/02/97 Public Service 
Commissioner Hector R Hatch has acting in accordance with the powers delegated to him by the Public Service Commission decided that you should be and you are hereby interdicted from the service forthwith without salary in accordance with Regulation 42 of 
the Public Service Commission (Constitution) Regulations, 1990.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 
During the period of your interdiction you shall not have access to any official premises and shall not remove, destroy or add to, or cause to be removed, destroyed or added to, any official document, instrument or matter.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 Whilst under interdiction you shall not leave Fiji without the permission of the Public Service Commission.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 The interdiction will remain in force throughout the time it takes to conclude the determination of the charge laid against you\'94.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7958810 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 
On 7 February, Mr. A. Singh for the applicant sent a facsimile stating, inter alia, that an application for Judicial Review is being prepared and that the said charge is defective. He also complained that the applicant has not been pai
d his wages which were already due.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 On 6 March 1997 in reply to the applicant\rquote s counsel\rquote s request to reconsider the decision to interdict without salary the first Respondent replied that it \'93
has not been acceded to by Commissioner Hector R Hatch\'94 on the ground that it would be inappropriate for him to do so as the matter is presently before the High Court.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 The applicant was charged by police for the offence of defilement but because of insufficient evidence, on the direction of Director of Public Prosec
utions, the charge was withdrawn and the learned Magistrate acquitted the applicant under s.201 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid13188760 HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org/fj/legis/consol_act/cpc190/"}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs15\ul\cf2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 Criminal Procedure Code}}}\sectd \ltrsect
\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid1255308\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 After his acquittal on 25 March, Rolini was given consent to marry and Mr. Singh says that they are about to get married.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 
As a result of this sudden interdiction without pay the applicant says that he is facing a lot of problems. Unless reinstated he and his family will be homeless as he was the sole breadwinner. H
is parents together with his handicapped sister were dependent on his income for rent payments. He has no other source of income. The applicant\rquote s commitments include loan of $2535.00 from Fiji Teacher\rquote 
s Union, Native Land Trust bill of $717.50, Telecom Fij
i Limited bill of $248.00 and payment to Courts; he has also purchased a block of land for $10,680 and paid $1600.00 as a deposit but he is required to pay $150.00 per month for the balance purchase price.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 Reliefs sought}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 The reliefs sought are set out in the applicant\rquote 
s application. These include (a) an order of certiorari to remove the said decision of the first Respondent made on 6 February 1997 into this Court, (b) to quash the decision of 6 February 1997 by the first Respondent interdicting the appl
icant without any salary, (c) an order reinstating the applicant and (d) a stay of proceedings until the determination of this application or until this Court otherwise orders.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 Respondents\rquote  Grounds of opposition}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 The Respondents oppose the application o
n the grounds that: (a) the application is premature; there is no formal decision which may be susceptible for judicial review, (b) there are other avenues for the applicant to address the grievance, (c) the applicant has failed to show in his affidavit t
he reasons for illegality, unreasonableness or procedural impropriety and (d) opposition to stay is because it will be detrimental to the good administration of the Department of Education.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 Applicant\rquote s case}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 Mr. A. Singh contends that the first Respondent on the direction of the Public Service Commission (the \'93Commission\'94
) interdicted the applicant from service without pay and that this is an administrative decision which is amenable to Judicial Review by the Courts under Order 53.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 He says that
 this is a proper case for the grant of leave as it is a decision which has an impact on the applicant and it relates to his livelihood. He says that the exercise of power was unfair on the applicant. He further submits that the Respondents have breached 
the provisions of the Fiji Constitution and section 123 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13188760 
HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org/fj/legis/consol_act/cpc190/"}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs15\ul\cf2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 Criminal Procedure Code}}}\sectd \ltrsect
\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid1255308\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 
in that he is being punished twice for the same alleged offence.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 Consideration of leave application}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 Availability of Judicial Review}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 Under the procedure known as the \'93Application for Judicial Review\'94
 a person is enabled to challenge an administrative act or omission by applying to the High Court either for one of the prerogative Orders of mandamus, prohibition or certiorari, or in appropriate circumstances, a declaration or an injunction or damages.}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 In this case there is no doubt that the Applicant has sufficient interest in the matter to which this application relates (Or 50 r 3(5)) to entitle him to 
apply for a judicial review of the first Respondent\rquote s decision.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 Leave required}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 Leave of the Court must be obtained before any substantive application is made for judicial review (Or 53 r 3(1)).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 Here applicant has identified the decision that is being complained of and the relief that he is seeking.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 
On an application for leave, apart from (a) the time limit within which an application should be made and (b) the applicant showing that he has sufficient interest, it has also to be shown (c) that there 
is an arguable case and the reason for the need for it has been stated by Lord Diplock in the House of Lords case of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\ul\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 IRC v National Federation of Self Employed and Small Businesses}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13188760 HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org.vu/cgi-bin/LawCite?cit=%5b1982%5d%20AC%20617" \\o "View LawCite Record"}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs15\ul\cf2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 [1982] AC 617}}}
\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid1255308\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 
at 642 to 643 thus:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li567\ri510\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin510\lin567\itap0\pararsid7958810 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \'93
The need for leave to start proceedings for remedies in public law is not new. It applied previously to applications for prerogative orders, though not to civil actions for injunctions or 
declarations. Its purpose is to prevent the time of the Court being wasted by busybodies with misguided or trivial complaints of administrative error, and to remove the uncertainty in which public officers and authorities could be left as to whether they 
could safely proceed with administrative action while proceedings for judicial review of it were actually pending even though misconceived.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \'93The whole purpose of requiring that leave should first be obtained to make the application for judicial review wo
uld be defeated if the Court were to go into the matter in any depth at that stage. If on a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\ul\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 quick perusal of the material then available, the Court thinks that it discloses what might turn out to be an arguable case}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 in favour of granting the relief claimed
, it ought, in the exercise of a judicial discretion, to give him leave to apply for that relief.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 (underlining mine for emphasis)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7958810 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 I have given serious consideration to the forceful submissions by both counsel
 because of the importance of the issue to the parties. By the end of the hearing I had reached a clear view as to how I ought to rule. I am of the firm view that there is an arguable case.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 I therefore hold that this is a proper case in which leave ought to be granted.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 Meaning of Decision}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 Because Mr. Baiju has strongly argued that this was not a final \lquote decision\rquote 
 which fell within the purview of Or 53 and therefore not amenable to judicial review, I shall consider this aspect which is very much pertinent to the application for leave.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 
On the affidavit evidence before me I find this is to be a clear cut case of a decision having been made by an administrative tribunal to interdict the applicant without pay forthwith and without having given him the 
opportunity of being heard. Not only that, the Respondents had even deprived him of the salary he had already earned at the time of interdiction. What could be the reason for that has not been explained to this day as if to say inflicting interdiction was
 not bad enough that they had to ruin him further by depriving him of his already earned salary.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 Subject to what I say hereafter, I am not required on the application for leave to decide on the substantive action, but it appears from the affidavit evidenc
e that the Respondents (including the Commission) decided to interdict the applicant because they thought that the applicant\rquote s alleged conduct was so disgraceful that he should be dealt with in the manner they did in the public interest.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 Mr. Baiju submit
s, inter alia, that the interdiction is not a final decision to make it susceptible to judicial review. He says that the decision to interdict applicant is merely a step in between the process leading to a final decision. In support of that he refers to R
egulation 42(1)(a)(b) which states:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-1077\li1797\ri680\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin680\lin1797\itap0\pararsid7958810 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \'93
Where there have been instituted against an officer:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri680\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin680\lin0\itap0\pararsid7958810 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-687\li2127\ri680\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin680\lin2127\itap0\pararsid7958810 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 (a)\~\~\~\~\~\~
 disciplinary proceedings in respect of a major offence; or}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri680\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin680\lin0\itap0\pararsid7958810 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-687\li2127\ri680\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin680\lin2127\itap0\pararsid7958810 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 (b)\~\~\~\~\~\~
 criminal proceedings,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri680\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin680\lin0\itap0\pararsid7958810 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi11\li720\ri680\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin680\lin720\itap0\pararsid7958810 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 and
 where the Commission is of the opinion that the public interest requires that that officer should forthwith cease to perform the functions of this office, the Commission shall interdict him from such performance.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7958810 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 On the authorities, it is my view that 
this regulation merely gives the Commission the power to interdict in the public interest. There is no procedure laid down as to how the Commission has to go about before interdicting.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 I would like to observe at this stage that although the interdiction 
memorandum came from the first Respondent and not from the Commission as required by Reg. 42 it was nevertheless the decision of the Commission as a member of the Commission directed this to be done.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 It is my view that the decision does not have to be fi
nal in the sense stated by Mr. Baiju. Without in any way giving the semblance of deciding on the substantive matter it appears that in this case it was a decision of such a grave nature with drastic consequences to the applicant that it was incumbent on t
he first Respondent and the Commission not to throw overboard the principles of natural justice although the procedure to be followed when interdiction is contemplated is not spelt out in Reg. 42. (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\ul\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 Birss v Secretary for Justice}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13188760 
HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org.vu/cgi-bin/LawCite?cit=%5b1984%5d%201%20NZLR%20513" \\o "View LawCite Record"}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs15\ul\cf2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 [1984] 1 NZLR 513}}}\sectd \ltrsect
\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid1255308\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 ).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 In support of his argument, particularly as to decision lacking in finality, Mr. Baiju relied completely on}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 Edelsten v Health Insurance Commission and Others}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 
(1990) 96 ALR 673 which is a decision of the Federal Court of Australia. There Northrop and Lockhart JJ at 681 said that \'93the question of what is a reviewable decision under the Judicial Review Act has been considered in many cases by this court bot
h at first instance and on appeal and most recently by the High Court in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 Bond}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 which is an authoritative exposition of the essential nature of such a decision\'94.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 I find that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\ul\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 Edelsten}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 
has no bearing on the facts of this case. The decision there was based upon the specific provision of the Administrative Decisions (Judicial Review Act 1977 (the ADJR Act) and we do not have such comparable provision under our High Court Rules. In}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 Australia Broadcasting Tribunal v. Bond and Others}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13188760 HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org.vu/cgi-bin/LawCite?cit=%5b1990%5d%20HCA%2033" \\o "View LawCite Record"}}{\fldrslt {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs15\ul\cf2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 [1990] HCA 33}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid1255308\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 ;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13188760 
HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org.vu/cgi-bin/LawCite?cit=94%20ALR%2011" \\o "View LawCiteRecord"}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs15\ul\cf2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 94 ALR 11}}}\sectd \ltrsect
\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid1255308\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 , Mason CJ dealt extensively with the meaning of the word \'93decision\'94
 at p.22 et seq. and he considered it in the light of the legislative provisions pertaining to the case before the Court.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 Nowhere in Order 53 Rules is there a mention of \lquote final\rquote  decision. The Rules provide for a review of administrative action relating to \'93
judgment, order, conviction or other proceedings\'94 (Or 53 r3(5) or \'93judgment order,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\ul\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 decision}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 or other proceedings
\'94 (Or 53 r.3(2)(a)(i); and the grant of relief is not confined to granting of relief in respect of ultimate decisions. Mason CJ at p. 23 said:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri567\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin567\lin0\itap0\pararsid7958810 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li567\ri567\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin567\lin567\itap0\pararsid7958810 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \'93
The jurisdiction extends to questions in issue in pending proceedings: cf}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 
Forster v Jododex Aust Pty Ltd}{\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810  HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org.vu/cgi-bin/LawCite?cit=%5b1972%5d%20HCA%2061" \\o "View LawCite Record" }}{\fldrslt {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs15\ul\cf2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 [1972] HCA 61}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid1255308\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 ;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13188760 
HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org.vu/cgi-bin/LawCite?cit=%281972%29%20127%20CLR%20421" \\o "View LawCiteRecord"}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs15\ul\cf2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 (1972) 127 CLR 421}}}\sectd \ltrsect
\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid1255308\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 
, per Gibbs J at 438. The existence of this jurisdiction, which antedated the ADJR Act, suggests that the concept of a reviewable decision}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 is not limited to a final decision}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 disposing of the controversy between the parties\'94. (underlining mine for emphasis)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri567\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin567\lin0\itap0\pararsid7958810 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 He goes on to say at p.23:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li567\ri567\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin567\lin567\itap0\pararsid7958810 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \'93..... a reviewable \'93
decision\'94 is one for which provision is made by or under a statute. That wi
ll generally, but not always, entail a decision which is final or operative and determinative, at least in a practical sense, of the issue of fact falling for consideration. A conclusion reached as a step along the way in a course of reasoning leading to 
a
n ultimate decision would not ordinarily amount to a reviewable decision, unless the statute provided for the making of a finding or ruling on that point so that the decision, though an intermediate decision, might accordingly be described as a decision u
nder an enactment\'94.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7958810 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 The above-quoted passage by Mr. Baiju from Mason CJ\rquote 
s judgment has no application and relevance to the facts and circumstances of this case as I am not concerned with any statutory provisions here.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 That the decision in the case before me is reviewable, is wholly supported by the said New Zealand Court of Appeal decision in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 Birss}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 (supra).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 I therefore reject Mr. Baiju\rquote s argument that the interdiction was merely a \lquote step along the way\rquote  and is not final and therefore not reviewable at th
is stage, that is, it is premature, has no merit whatsoever. What more finality one needs, if one is needed, than for the Commission to interdict without pay. The applicant is doomed for ever and I cannot possibly imagine him ever being reinstated with th
is kind of decision based presumably on the fact that he fell in love with a student and allegedly defiled her from which he has, subsequent to interdiction, been acquitted by the Nausori Magistrates\rquote  Court.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 For these reasons I find that there are no merits in the grounds of opposition advanced by the learned counsel for the Respondents to enable me to refuse leave.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 The relevant legal principles}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 I do not want to give the impression that I am dealing with the substantive issue in this application for 
leave, but I cannot avoid touching on it because of what has been said in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 Birss}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 
(supra) in a similar situation involving suspension which, on appeal, was held to be invalid.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 I have already stated above the circumstances leading to the interdiction. The p
oint to note is that right on the heels, to wit, the next day, after serving the disciplinary charge, the memorandum interdicting is handed to the applicant by the first Respondent.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 The procedure relating to charging an officer for a disciplinary offence is set out in Reg. 41(1). He is, inter alia, given time, in this case 14 days, to reply \'93
if he so wishes\'94. Without waiting for a reply the interdiction is imposed on him possibly because Reg.42 allows that to be done. Be that as it may, on the authority of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 Birss}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 (supra), in appropriate cases, \'93rules of natural justice and fairness prima facie applied to suspension from office}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 without salary}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \'94
 (underlining mine for emphasis). In fact, in my view the principles involved on the issue before me is to be found in this case. In view of what I propose to say, in the light of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 Birss}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 
, it appears that an opportunity for hearing must be given when contemplating interdiction without pay in appropriate cases. Because, I base my decision to grant leave on}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 Birss}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 , I state be
low the headnote to that case to complete the picture. The headnote reads:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li567\ri567\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin567\lin567\itap0\pararsid7958810 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \'93
The appellant was a senior probation officer employed by the Department of Justice. In May 1982 he was notified by the Secretary for Justice of various charges which had been mad
e against him under s 58 of the State Services Act 1962. Nineteen months later without any immediate prior notice the appellant received a notice from the Secretary for Justice directing that he was to be suspended from duty with effect from the date of r
eceipt of the notice. The suspension was with pay until the expiry of the appellant\rquote s period of annual leave and then to be without pay. The appellant sought judicial review of the Secretary for Justice\rquote 
s decision. In the High Court his application for review was dismissed and he appealed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7958810 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li567\ri567\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin567\lin567\itap0\pararsid7958810 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 
Held: The State Services Act contained no provisions which specified the procedure to be observed in reaching a decision to suspend.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\ul\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 In the absence of any clear expression of a contrary legislative intent, the rules of natural justice and fairness prima facie applied to suspension from office without salary}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 . What natural justice required in a particular case must be determined in the light of the facts of that case. It did not necessarily follow that notice and an opportu
nity to be heard must be given in every case where suspension was in contemplation. The nature of the charge and the exigencies of the moment might perhaps call for immediate action. But, in this case, having worked for 19 months after the charges had fir
s
t been made against him, the appellant was entitled to notice that suspension was under consideration. He should also have been given an opportunity to submit arguments against the contemplated suspension. The Secretary of Justice, as a senior officer ent
r
usted with the power of suspension, must be prepared to consider and weigh carefully arguments which the officer at risk might raise against the exercise of the power. The appeal was allowed and the suspension of the appellant was declared invalid (see p 
517 line 34, p 522 line 37, p 523 line 22).\'94 (underlining mine for emphasis)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7958810 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 The rationale of the decision in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\ul\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 Birss}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 
is relevant here. Whereas in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 Birss}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 the appellant continued to be employed for nineteen months after charges were laid against him and then 
notice suspending him was given, here interdiction took place a day after laying the charge and while police were still inquiring into the applicant\rquote s involvement with Rolini with the intention of charging him. In this case the question is whether 
\'93the nature of the charge and the exigencies of the moment\'94 (the words of Richardson J in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\ul\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 Birss}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 
at p.517) called for immediate action. That can only be decided on the hearing of the application for judicial review after the granting of leave herein.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 Regulation 4
1 governs the institution and consideration of disciplinary charges, but the provisions governing interdiction are short. Talking of suspension and natural justice, Richardson J in Birss at p.516 said:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li567\ri567\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin567\lin567\itap0\pararsid7958810 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \'93
In this case it is suspension, not dismissal, which is at stake. How should it be characterised in the statutory context? In}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\ul\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 Vaillancourt v The King}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 
[1927] Exch CR 21, 25 Audette J observed: \'93What does suspension mean, if not suspension of work which carries with it suspension of the right to wages?... Does not this amount to dismissal?\'94 And more recently in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 John v Rees}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 [1970] Ch 345, 397 Megarry J expressed the same view: \'93
...suspension is merely expulsion pro tanto. Each is penal, and each deprives the member concerned of the enjoyment of his rights of membership or office.\'94
 While the equating of suspension and dismissal may be debated the observations serve to emphasise two important features that suspension and dismissal have in common: in each case the officer is deprived of his entitlement to perform h
is duties in the Public Service so long as the suspension or dismissal stands; and in each case (where suspension is without salary) the officer is deprived of his entitlement to salary until the charges against him are determined. In those major respects
 a decision to suspend without salary inevitably and adversely affects the rights and reasonable expectations of a permanent officer of the Public Service.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7958810 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 The fact that Reg. 42 is couched as it is, does not exclude or modify the rules of natural justice and it is so stated by Richardson J in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 Birss}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 at p.517 thus:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li567\ri567\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin567\lin567\itap0\pararsid7958810 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \'93On the general issue in}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\ul\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 Dixon v Commonwealth}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13188760 HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org.vu/cgi-bin/LawCite?cit=%5b1981%5d%20FCA%2077" \\o "View LawCite Record"}}{\fldrslt {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs15\ul\cf2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 [1981] FCA 77}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid1255308\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 ;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13188760 
HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org.vu/cgi-bin/LawCite?cit=%281918%29%2055%20FLR%2034" \\o "View LawCiteRecord"}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs15\ul\cf2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 (1918) 55 FLR 34}}}\sectd \ltrsect
\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid1255308\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 
, 44, the Federal Court of Australia (Bowen CJ, Deane and Kelly JJ) took the view that the fact that the relevant statutory power is
 in the form of a power to suspend pending inquiry does not import any general exclusion or modification of the rules of natural justice which are prima facie applicable to a statutory power adversely to affect the rights, property or legitimate expectati
o
ns of another. Like the State Services Act 1962, the Act there contained no provisions specifying the procedure to be observed in reaching a decision to suspend. Having regard to the adverse effects on the officer - loss of entitlement to perform his duti
es and of salary - and to the likelihood that it would have profound emotional, social and financial effects on him, in the absence of any clear legislative intent to the contrary the rules were applicable in respect of that decision.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7958810 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 For these reasons, 
it seems that in the absence of any clear expression in Regulation 42, the rules of natural justice and fairness apply to interdiction from teaching without salary. I cannot see how the applicant can be deprived of the opportunity to challenge the quality
 of the decision in this case under Order 53. The locus classicus on this aspect of judicial review is the judgment of Lord Greene M.R. in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 Associated Provincial Picture Houses Ltd v Wednesbury Corporation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 [1948] 1 K.B. 223. That case involved the question of exercise of discretion and the Master of Rolls stated the criteria affecting decision thus:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li567\ri567\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin567\lin567\itap0\pararsid7958810 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \'93
the Court is entitled to investigate the action of the local authority with a view to seeing whether it has taken into account matters which it ought not to take into account, or conversely, has refused to take into account.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7958810 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 He then went on to observe:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li567\ri567\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin567\lin567\itap0\pararsid7958810 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \'93
...once that question is answered in favour of the local authority, it may still be possible to say that, although the local authority have kept within the 
four corners of the matters which they ought to consider, they have nevertheless come to a conclusion so unreasonable that no reasonable authority could ever have come to it. In such a case, again I think the Court can interfere.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7958810 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 In this case even after the applicant\rquote 
s counsel wrote to the first Respondent regarding reinstating him and about payment of full salary the reply was negative because they said that the matter is before the Court. In the meantime the applicant, to use the words of Richardson J at p.517, \'93
loses his right to work in his chosen career, he suffers the stigma of suspension from duties and unless and until the Commission rules otherwise he is deprived of the financial support provided by his salary.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 To conclude, for the above reasons leave to apply for judicial review is granted. In an appropriate case, it seems the interdiction could be held invalid on the authority of
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 Birss}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 but because the Respondents might have evidence which could turn the scales in their favour and also because
 of uncertainty in my mind whether, at this stage, declaring the interdiction invalid is possible under the Rules, I have decided not to grant the stay as prayed but I order that there be a speedy hearing. I am prepared to give an early date for it. Befor
e
 departing, I would observe at this stage, that with developments such as the acquittal of the applicant and his impending marriage to Rolini almost on the eve of the hearing of this application for leave, the Respondents may not have been able to give se
rious consideration to the decision in the light of these changed circumstances as far as the applicant is concerned. For that reason I grant liberty to the parties to apply to Court generally for directions.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 The costs are to be costs in the cause.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 (Leave granted to move for judicial review.)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7958810 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958810 (Editor\rquote 
s note: on 12 September 1997 the motion for judicial review was dismissed. The Court held: (1) that the application for judicial review was premature and (ii) that the respondents had acted fairly and properly.)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs27\cf1\insrsid7958810 
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