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\fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11829226 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 HIGH COURT OF FIJI ISLANDS}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 SHIPBUILDING (FIJI) LIMITED}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11171157 v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11171157 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 BRIAN MURPHY (as receiver and manager}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 appointed for DONALD PICKERING &}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 SONS ENTERPRISES LTD)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11829226 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 &}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 SARL TAHITIAN\rquote S SHIPBUILDERS}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11829226 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 [HIGH COURT, 1997 (Fatiaki J) 10 April]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 Civil Jurisdiction}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11829226 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 Practice: Civil - application to dissolve interlocutory ex parte injunction- relevance of and principles to be applied when disclosure alleged.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 Conflict of laws - contractual licence to occupy- contract governed by non Fiji law - whether High Court of Fiji has jurisdiction to prevent eviction of licencee.}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11829226 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 A party claiming to be a contractual licencee obtained an interlocutory injunction ex parte preventing his eviction from premises said to be occupied pursuant to the contract. The licensor sought to have the injunction set aside. Dismissing the application the High Court HELD: (i) that the High Court of Fiji had jurisdiction to prevent the evic tion notwithstanding that the contract was governed by foreign law and (ii) that although there had been material non disclosure by the Plaintiff the Court had a discretion to decide whether or not to extend the injunction further.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11829226 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11829226 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 Cases cited:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11829226 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 Bank of Mellak v. Nikpour}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 (1985) FSR 87}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 Brinks - MAT Ltd v. Elcombe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 [1983] 3 All ER 188}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 Dormeil Freres v. Nicolian Ltd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 [1988] 3 All ER 197}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 London Borough of Hounslow v. Twickenham Garden Developments Ltd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \~}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 [1970]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 3 All ER 326}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 R v. Kensington Income Tax Commissioners}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \~}{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst { \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16728565 HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org.vu/cgi-bin/LawCite?cit=%5b1917%5d%201%20KB%20486" \\o "View LawCite Record"}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs15\ul\cf2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 [1917] 1 KB 486}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid2776822\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 Verrall v. Great Yarmouth B.C.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \~}{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16728565 HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org.vu/cgi-bin/LawCite?cit=%5b1980%5d%201%20All%20ER%20839" \\o "View LawCiteRecord"}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs15\ul\cf2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 [1980] 1 All ER 839}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid2776822\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 Winter Garden Theatre (London) Ltd. v. Millenium Productions Ltd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \~}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 [1947] 2 All ER 331}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11829226 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 Interlocutory applications in the High Court.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 D. Sharma}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 for the Plaintiff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 R. Naidu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 for the Defendants}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 Fatiaki J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 On the 17th of February 1997 this Court granted}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 ex parte}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 to the plaintiff company an interim injunction restraining the defendants \'93... from levying distress ... or from re-entering the premises (Shed No. 11) occupied by the plaintiff ...\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 The injunction was further made conditional upon the payment into Court of the sum of $18,957.99 being the amount demanded in a letter of the second defendant company for reimbursement of rental and other charges paid in relation to the premises occupied by the plaintiff company.} {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 By}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 inter partes}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 summons dated the 17th of March 1997 the defendants now seek the dissolution of the above injunction on the following grounds :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11829226 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 (a)\~\~\~\~\~\~\~ lack of jurisdiction ;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 (b)\~\~\~\~\~\~\~ absence of a valid cause of action;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 (c)\~\~\~\~\~\~\~ material non-disclosure ; and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 (d)\~\~\~\~\~\~\~ changed circumstances}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 viz.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 cancellation of the contract.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11829226 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11829226 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 It is necessary to refer to some of the factual background in order to gain some meaningful understanding of the case. Very briefly this case has its origins in a s hip-building contract entered into by a Tahitian organisation (ACP) and a Fiji ship-building company (United) in November 1994 and later amended in 1995 and 1996.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11829226 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 As part of its efforts to facilitate the building of the vessels United entered into a tena ncy agreement to lease a suitable premises (Shed No.11) belonging to the Ports Authority of Fiji (PAF) situated at Walu Bay in Suva. In August 1996 United went into receivership and the 1st defendant was appointed its receiver.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 Subsequently, through a no vation agreement dated 13.9.96 the ship-building contract which was originally entered into between United and ACP, was to be continued to completion by the second defendant company Sarl Tahitian\rquote s Shipbuilders (STS) \lquote ... as though (STS) had originally contracted with ACP in terms of the contract ...\rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 Furthermore and in terms of a Schedule C to the novation agreement United entered into a deed granting STS :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri566\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin566\lin720\itap0\pararsid11829226 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \'93 ... a licence to occupy the premises (leased from PAF ) for the exclusive purpose of performing the works prescribed by the Contract ... on condition that (STS) ... perform and observe all the agreements and conditions contained in the Tenancy Agreement as though (STS) were the tenant thereunder including .. . United agreement to pay rental.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11829226 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 Finally on 1st October 1996 by an agreement entitled}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 Amend No. 03/96}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 , ACP or its nominee STS entered into a subcontract with the plaintiff company Ship Building Fiji Limited (SFL) to build the remaining vessels in terms of United\rquote s original contract. Article 6 of this latter contract expressly provided inter alia : }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri566\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin566\lin720\itap0\pararsid11829226 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \'93 SFL agrees to pay for additional costs, specifically the actual cost of rental on the shipbuilding facility currently operated by United Engineers (i.e. PAF\rquote s shed) to complete vessels No. 92 and No. 93 ...\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11829226 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 By letter dated 30th September 1996 a representative of STS wrote to SFL in the following relevant terms :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri566\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin566\lin720\itap0\pararsid11829226 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \'93 I hereby grant you authority to commence work on the vessels, known as the Tahiti Project. If final agreement between (SFL) and (STS) is not reached you agree to vacate immediately at the request of (STS), the premises leased by (United) from (PAF).\'94}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11829226 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 It is sufficiently plain from the correspondence subsequently exchanged between representatives of the SFL and STS that from the outset problems were encountered with two aspects of the contract between SFL and STS ; on SFL\rquote s part, concern was raised with STS as to SFL\rquote s rights ; liabilities and legal status in relation to its occupation of the prem ises in which it was constructing the vessels namely, PAF Shed No. 11 ; and, on the part of STS, concern was raised as to the provision of a satisfactory performance guarantee by SFL in terms of Clause 1 of a contractual letter dated 30th September 1996 e xecuted by STS and SFL on 1st October, 1996 (the \lquote guarantee letter\rquote ). Furthermore the seeming inability or unwillingness of the parties to amicably resolve these two issues has resulted in a hardening of attitudes culminating in STS\rquote s letters of 16th January 1996 and 6th February 1997 to SFL threatening inter alia \lquote ... to consider its legal alternatives\rquote and demanding \lquote ... all work should cease and SFL should vacate the premises,\rquote respectively. So much then for the background to the case. I turn next to consider in greater detail the various grounds urged by the defendants in seeking the dissolution of the ex parte injunction.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 Jurisdiction & cause of action}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 In this regard counsel for the defendants submits that the Court has no jurisdiction in the proceedings since the plaintiff is \lquote bound by a contract subject to the laws of French Polynesia\rquote and counsel drew the Court\rquote s attention to Art 14 of United\rquote s original contract with ACP which deals with Arbitration ; and Art 2 of the General Conditions applicabl e to EEC-funded contracts which provides that :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri720\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid11829226 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \'93 The Law of the Contract shall be the law of the state of the Contracting Authority unless otherwise stated in the Special Conditions.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11829226 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 Counsel for the plaintiff company submits, however, that there is no contract in existence between STS and SFL in so far as Amend No. 3/96 is an agreement strictly entered into between ACP and SFL but in any event the agreement is prima facie void ab initio being in direct contravention of Art 7.5 of the General Condition s which expressly prohibits contractual relations between the Contracting Authority and sub-contractors and in the event that that is so, counsel submits that the appropriate conflict of laws rule is that the contract is governed by the law of the territor y where the premises is situated and/or where the contract is being or to be performed which, in both instances, is Fiji.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 Suffice it to say that without necessarily accepting the submissions of counsel for the plaintiff company, I reject the arguments of defence counsel. The particular and limited nature of the dispute in this case namely, SFL\rquote s right to occupy the premises in question is nowhere expressly dealt with in either Amend No. 3/96 or in United\rquote s original Contract nor for that matter, in STS\rquote s Novation Agreement. True enough Art 6 of Amend No. 3/96 indirectly refers to the premises but other than setting out an obligation on the part of SFL to pay for the rental, does not expressly authorise SFL\rquote s occupation of the premises.}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 That right (if any) is traceable in large part to STS\rquote s letter of 30th September 1996 (op. cit at p.3) and as counsel for the plaintiff company submits, it is a right that was granted in Fiji, relates to a Fijian licensee, refers to premises situated in Fiji and owned by a Fijian statutory Authority.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 Professor Dicey in his leading work concerning the conflict of laws states the applicable rule with regard to immovables in the 4th edition of his work in the following terms at p.353 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri720\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid11829226 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \'93 The common law has avoided all difficulties by a simple and uniform test. It declares that the law of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 situs}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 shall exclusively govern in regard to all rights, interests, and titles in and to immovable property. Of course, it cuts down all attempts to introduce all foreign laws, whether they respect persons or things or give or withhold the capacity to acquire or dispose of immovable property. All questions concerning the property in immovables including the form of conveyance are decided by the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 lex situs}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \'94.}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11829226 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 The jurisdiction question in my view may be further tested by a sking the question how can a Court in French Polynesia lawfully order vacant possession of land situated in Fiji ? and even if it could (which I very much doubt), how could such an order be enforced ? Whatever might be the answer to that rather vexed ques tion I am satisfied that this Court has jurisdiction on this rather limited question. What then is the legal status of the plaintiff company\rquote s occupation of the premises in question ?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 The 1st defendant\rquote s affidavit dated 19th March 1997 para.14 describes SFL as being \lquote ... no more than STS\rquote s licensee in Shed No. 11' and later at para.33 : \lquote The defendants say that SFL is nothing more than a mere licensee\rquote .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 It is not entirely clear what is meant by a mere licensee but if it may be equated with a bare license e then with all due regard to such a view I cannot agree. In my considered opinion the plaintiff company was a contractual licensee with a contractual licence to occupy the premises.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 In}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 London Borough of Hounslow v. Twickenham Garden Developments Ltd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 [1970] 3 All E.R. 326 Megarry J. said at p.333 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri720\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid11829226 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \'93 The threefold classification of licences is well known. There are licences coupled with an interest, contractual licences, and bare licences.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11829226 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 and then at p.337 in considering the nature of the particular licence granted in the case before him his lordship said (in words that are, with slight variations, equally applicable to the present case before me) :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri720\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid11829226 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \'93 ... in this case the contract is one for the execution of specified works on the site during a speci fied period which is still running. The contract confers on each party specified rights on specified events to determine the employment of the contractor under the contract. In those circumstances, I think there must be at least an implied negative obliga tion of the borough not to revoke any licence (otherwise than in accordance with the contract) while the period is still running, just as in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 Hurst\rquote s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 case there was an implied negative obligation not to revoke the licence until the performance had concluded.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11829226 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 and later on the same page his lordship cited the observations of Lord Uthwatt in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \~} {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 Winter Garden Theatre (London) Ltd. v. Millenium Productions Ltd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 . [1947] 2 All E.R. 331 at p.343 where he said :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri720\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid11829226 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \'93 The settled practice of the courts of equity is to do what they can by an injunction to preserve the sanctity of a bargain. To my mind, as at present advised, a licensee who has refused to accept the wrongful repudiation of the bargain which is involved in an unauthorised revocation of the licence is as much entitled to the protection of an injunction as a licensee who has not received any notice of revocation ...\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11829226 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 and Megarry J. continues :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri720\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid11829226 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \'93 the case of building operations is really a fortiori a cinema performance, because it must be obvious to all from t he outset that far more is involved in the building contractor moving his equipment on to a site, hiring his labour, making his subcontract and so on and then in putting a stop to all operations, than is involved in a member of a cinema audience, going in , sitting down and then getting up and leaving.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11829226 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 The final citation I wish to read from the judgment of Megarry J. is to be found at p.343 where the learned judge summarises :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li567\ri567\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin567\lin567\itap0\pararsid11829226 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \'93 ... the position relating to contractual licences as follows :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri567\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin567\lin0\itap0\pararsid11829226 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-567\li1854\ri396\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin396\lin1854\itap0\pararsid11829226 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 (1)\~\~\~\~ A licence to enter land is a contractual licence if it is conferred by a contract ; it is immaterial whether the right to enter the land is the primary purpose of the contract or is merely secondary.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 (2)\~\~\~\~ A contractual licence is not an entity distinct from the contract which brings it into being, but merely one of the provisions of that contract.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 (3)\~\~\~\~ The willingness of the Court to grant equitable remedies in order to enforce or support a contractual licence depends on whether or not the licence is specifically enforceable.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 (4)\~\~\~\~ But even if a contractual licence is not specifically enforceable the Court will not grant remedies in order to procure or aid a breach of the licence.\'94}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11829226 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 The learned judge then added \lquote four points\rquote of which I need only refer to the second and third - where he says at pp.343/344 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri720\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid11829226 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \'93... in the light of the}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 Winder Garden}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 Case I find it difficult to see how a contractual licensee can be treated as a trespasser so long as his contract entitles him to be on the land ; and this is so whether or not his contract is specifically enforceable.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11829226 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 and :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri720\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid11829226 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \'93 Third, there may be another road to the irrevocability of a licence, namely, the doctrine of a licence acted upon.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11829226 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 In similar vein is the more recent judgment of Lord Denning M.R. in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 Verrall v. Great}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\ul\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 Yarmouth B.C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \~} {\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16728565 HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org.vu/cgi-bin/LawCite?cit=%5b1980%5d%201%20All%20ER%20839" \\o "View LawCiteRecord"}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs15\ul\cf2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 [1980] 1 All E.R. 839}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid2776822\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 where he said at p.844 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri720\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid11829226 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \'93Since the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 Winter Garden}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 case, it is clear that once a man has entered under his contract of licence, he cannot be turned out. An injunction can be obtained against the licensor to prevent his being turned out. ... So I hold that the observations in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 Thompson v. Park}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \~}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 are no longer good law. I agree with what Megarry J. said about them in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 London Borough of Hounslow v. Twickenham Garden Developments Ltd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 .\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11829226 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 Taxed with the judgment of Megarry J. in the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 Hounslow}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 case defence counsel sought to rely on that part of the express wording of the STS letter (op.cit at p.3) which reads : \'93 If final agreement between (SFL) and (STS) is not reached you agree to vacate immediately at the request of (STS), the premises leased by (United) from (PAF).\'94 Counsel\rquote s rather simplistic submission on this aspect is that by STS\rquote s letter of 6th February 1997 such a \lquote request\rquote was made and in terms of the above sentence, SFL was obliged to \lquote vacate (the premises) immediately\rquote . I cannot agree.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 The making of \lquote the request\rquote is conditional upon no final agreement being reached betwe en the parties (as to what is not known) nor is there a time frame or limit imposed in the letter when such agreement must be reached. But in any event the very next day, 1st October, 1996, Amend No. 3/96 and the guarantee letter were executed by the rele vant parties. In this latter regard I am satisfied despite counsel for the plaintiff\rquote s submissions to the contrary, that a binding final agreement has been concluded between the parties and accordingly the outlet sought to be invoked by defence counsel in h is submissions was no longer available to STS as from 1st October, 1996. A fortiori where the plaintiff company was allowed to remain on the premises performing an unconcluded contract for over 4 months.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 In the light of the above there is no doubt in my mind that the plaintiff\rquote s claim against the 2nd defendant company, although it might have been more clearly drafted, nevertheless, raises serious issues to be tried. Grounds (a) ; (b) & (d) are accordingly dismissed. I turn next to deal with the defendant\rquote s remaining ground (c).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 Material Non-Disclosure}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 In this regard defence counsel forcefully submits that the plaintiff company in seeking the ex parte injunction was in serious breach of its duty to make the fullest and frankest disclosure of all materia l facts both favourable and unfavourable to its application. (per Donaldson L.J. in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 Bank of Mellak v. Nikpour}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 (1985) F.S.R. 87 and per Warrangton L.J. in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 R. v. Kensington Income Tax Commissioners}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 [1917] 1 K.B. 486 at 509)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 In particular defence counsel submits that the plaintiff company in its application, failed to disclose the existence of a binding contract between itself and STS}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 viz}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 Amend No. 3/96 and the guarantee letter and accordingly the ex parte injunction ought to be discharged in limine. This defence counsel submitted was \lquote trite law\rquote .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 In my view however, upon an application inter partes to dissolve or discharge an ex parte injunction the Court has the opportunity and the duty to examine the entire matter anew upon the basis of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 all}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 the affidavit s and submissions placed before it at the inter partes hearing and may, in exercising its discretion afresh in the matter, dissolve, vary, suspend or extend the ex parte injunction and may even grant a fresh injunction as in its discretion appears just.}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 I am fortified by the observations of Browne-Wilkinson V.C. in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 Dormeil Freres v. Nicolian Ltd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 . [1988] 3 All E.R. 197 where the learned Vice Chancellor said at p.199 :}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri283\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin283\lin720\itap0\pararsid11829226 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \'93 ... if, in the circumstances existing when the matter comes before the Court inter par tes justice requires an order continuing the ex parte injunction or the grant of a fresh injunction, such an order can be made notwithstanding the earlier failure to make such disclosure. Moreover, there is authority that, contrary to the law as it was or iginally laid down, there is no absolute right to have an ex parte order obtained without due disclosure set aside : there is a discretion in the Court whether to do so or not.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri283\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin283\lin0\itap0\pararsid11829226 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11829226 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 In considering this ground I am also guided by the headnote to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 Brinks - MAT L td. v. Elcombe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 [1983] 3 All E.R. 188 which contains the following relevant passage dealing with non-disclosure in ex parte applications :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi6\li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11829226 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \'93 Whether a fact not disclosed is of sufficient materiality to justify or require immediate discharge of the order wi thout examination of the merits depends on the importance of the fact to the issue to be decided by the judge on the application. The fact that the non-disclosure was innocent, in the sense that it was not known to the applicant or that its relevance was n ot perceived, is an important, but not decisive, consideration in deciding whether to order an immediate discharge. However the Court has a discretion notwithstanding proof of material non-disclosure which justifies the immediate discharge of an ex parte order, to continue the order or to make a new order on terms.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11829226 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 Ralph Gibson L.J. in his judgment at pp.192/193 (ibid) enumerated no less than seven relevant principles of which the second reads :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri283\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin283\lin720\itap0\pararsid11829226 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \'93(ii) the material facts are those which it is material for the judge to know in dealing with the application as made ; materiality is to be decided by the Court and not by the assessment of the applicant or his legal advisors.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11829226 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 In the light of the above, the non -disclosure complained of by defence counsel, namely, the failure to disclose the existence of a binding contract between the parties is in my considered opinion not material to the narrow ambit of the plaintiff company\rquote s claim. Indeed the disclosure of Amend No. 3/96 only serves to reinforce that view in so far as it is common ground that Amend No. 3/96 nowhere expressly authorises or spells out or deals with the nature of the plaintiff company\rquote s legal right to occupy the premises in question.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 In all the circumstances I am firmly of the view that the injunction ought to be continued against the second defendant company until the final determination of the action. To that extent the defendant\rquote s application is dismissed. In so far as the first def endant is concerned, as presently advised and pleaded, I am not at all satisfied that the plaintiff company has any cause of action against him and accordingly the injunction is discharged in respect of the first defendant who is sued in his capacity as t he receiver and manager of United. The parties having both partially succeeded in this matter there will be no order as to costs.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 Finally, by way of further directions the plaintiff company is ordered to file and serve on the defendants within 14 days an amended Statement of Claim which complies with the requirements of Order 18 of the High Court Rules.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 Thereafter the action is to follow its normal course.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829226 (Application partially allowed; injunction against second defendant extended until further order).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\insrsid11829226 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11829226 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16728565 {\pict{\*\picprop\shplid1025{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}} {\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn alignHR}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn dxHeightHR}{\sv 30}}{\sp{\sn fStandardHR}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fNoshadeHR}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fHorizRule}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fLayoutInCell}{\sv 1}}} 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