{\rtf1\adeflang1025\ansi\ansicpg1252\uc1\adeff0\deff0\stshfdbch0\stshfloch37\stshfhich37\stshfbi0\deflang1033\deflangfe1033\themelang1033\themelangfe0\themelangcs0{\fonttbl{\f0\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\f34\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02040503050406030204}Cambria Math;}
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{\fdbmajor\f31501\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\fhimajor\f31502\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02040503050406030204}Cambria;}
{\fbimajor\f31503\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\flominor\f31504\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}
{\fdbminor\f31505\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\fhiminor\f31506\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020f0502020204030204}Calibri;}
{\fbiminor\f31507\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\f336\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\f337\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}
{\f339\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\f340\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\f341\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\f342\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}
{\f343\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\f344\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\f676\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Cambria Math CE;}{\f677\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Cambria Math Cyr;}
{\f679\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Cambria Math Greek;}{\f680\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Cambria Math Tur;}{\f683\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Cambria Math Baltic;}{\f684\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Cambria Math (Vietnamese);}
{\f706\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Calibri CE;}{\f707\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Calibri Cyr;}{\f709\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Calibri Greek;}{\f710\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Calibri Tur;}
{\f713\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Calibri Baltic;}{\f714\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Calibri (Vietnamese);}{\flomajor\f31508\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}
{\flomajor\f31509\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\flomajor\f31511\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\flomajor\f31512\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}
{\flomajor\f31513\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\flomajor\f31514\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\flomajor\f31515\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}
{\flomajor\f31516\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\fdbmajor\f31518\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\fdbmajor\f31519\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}
{\fdbmajor\f31521\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\fdbmajor\f31522\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\fdbmajor\f31523\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}
{\fdbmajor\f31524\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\fdbmajor\f31525\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\fdbmajor\f31526\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}
{\fhimajor\f31528\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Cambria CE;}{\fhimajor\f31529\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Cambria Cyr;}{\fhimajor\f31531\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Cambria Greek;}{\fhimajor\f31532\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Cambria Tur;}
{\fhimajor\f31535\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Cambria Baltic;}{\fhimajor\f31536\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Cambria (Vietnamese);}{\fbimajor\f31538\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}
{\fbimajor\f31539\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\fbimajor\f31541\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\fbimajor\f31542\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}
{\fbimajor\f31543\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\fbimajor\f31544\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\fbimajor\f31545\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}
{\fbimajor\f31546\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\flominor\f31548\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\flominor\f31549\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}
{\flominor\f31551\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\flominor\f31552\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\flominor\f31553\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}
{\flominor\f31554\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\flominor\f31555\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\flominor\f31556\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}
{\fdbminor\f31558\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\fdbminor\f31559\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\fdbminor\f31561\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}
{\fdbminor\f31562\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\fdbminor\f31563\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\fdbminor\f31564\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}
{\fdbminor\f31565\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\fdbminor\f31566\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\fhiminor\f31568\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Calibri CE;}
{\fhiminor\f31569\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Calibri Cyr;}{\fhiminor\f31571\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Calibri Greek;}{\fhiminor\f31572\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Calibri Tur;}
{\fhiminor\f31575\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Calibri Baltic;}{\fhiminor\f31576\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Calibri (Vietnamese);}{\fbiminor\f31578\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}
{\fbiminor\f31579\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\fbiminor\f31581\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\fbiminor\f31582\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}
{\fbiminor\f31583\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\fbiminor\f31584\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\fbiminor\f31585\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}
{\fbiminor\f31586\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}}{\colortbl;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue255;\red0\green255\blue255;\red0\green255\blue0;\red255\green0\blue255;\red255\green0\blue0;\red255\green255\blue0;
\red255\green255\blue255;\red0\green0\blue128;\red0\green128\blue128;\red0\green128\blue0;\red128\green0\blue128;\red128\green0\blue0;\red128\green128\blue0;\red128\green128\blue128;\red192\green192\blue192;}{\*\defchp \f37\fs22 }{\*\defpap 
\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 }\noqfpromote {\stylesheet{\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
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\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \snext11 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \sqformat Normal Table;}{
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\s16\qj \li576\ri720\sa72\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin576\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp2057 \sbasedon0 \snext16 Style 3;}{
\s17\ql \li0\ri0\sa72\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp2057 \sbasedon0 \snext17 Style 2;}{\*\cs18 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf2 \sbasedon10 \styrsid14826393 Hyperlink;}}{\*\rsidtbl \rsid469181\rsid2176190\rsid2577710\rsid2975606\rsid3622576\rsid4207018\rsid4807360\rsid5251537\rsid6108688\rsid7342625\rsid7943825\rsid8402643\rsid9205926\rsid9311054\rsid9650745
\rsid10049493\rsid10304446\rsid11029597\rsid11433028\rsid11629688\rsid12012646\rsid14187182\rsid14826393}{\mmathPr\mmathFont34\mbrkBin0\mbrkBinSub0\msmallFrac0\mdispDef1\mlMargin0\mrMargin0\mdefJc1\mwrapIndent1440\mintLim0\mnaryLim1}{\info
{\author Robynne Blake}{\operator baleimatuku_l}{\creatim\yr2010\mo9\dy17\hr19\min43}{\revtim\yr2015\mo10\dy19\hr16\min31}{\version18}{\edmins187}{\nofpages14}{\nofwords7205}{\nofchars34251}{\*\company scims}{\nofcharsws41374}{\vern32859}}
{\*\xmlnstbl {\xmlns1 http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/word/2003/wordml}}\paperw11907\paperh16839\margl1440\margr1440\margt1440\margb1440\gutter0\ltrsect 
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\fet0{\*\wgrffmtfilter 2450}\ilfomacatclnup0\ltrpar \sectd \ltrsect\psz9\linex0\sectlinegrid272\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid9311054\sftnbj {\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang 
{\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang 
{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}
\pard\plain \ltrpar\qr \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14826393 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14826393\charrsid9311054 [1994] 40 FLR }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 35
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14826393 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14826393\charrsid9311054 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14826393 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14826393\charrsid9311054 HIGH COURT OF FIJI}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14826393 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9311054 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9311054 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9311054\charrsid9311054 Civil Jurisdiction
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14826393 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9311054\charrsid9311054 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 Re N (an infant)
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14826393 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14826393\charrsid9311054 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14826393 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 Fatiaki J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9311054 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9311054 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9311054 22 March 1994}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14826393 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 Family - adoption - wardship jurisdiction of the High Court - care order }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10049493\charrsid9311054 \endash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054  meaning}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10049493\charrsid9311054 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
 scope and effect of powers of Director of Social Welfare - High Court Act (Cap 13) Sections 18, 20, - Juveniles Act (Cap 56) sections 38, 41, 47, 51, 55.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
\par The foreign national Applicants who wished to adopt a child in care sought declarations. The High Co
urt reviewed its wardship jurisdiction and the jurisdiction to make care orders but declined to interfere with the discretion of the Director of Social Welfare.
\par 
\par Cases cited:
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 A v Liverpool City Council}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9311054  [1982] AC}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054  363
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 Brian Nitin Naidu (a minor)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
 Civil Action 33 of 1984
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 M v Humberside County Council}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
 [1979] 2 All ER 744
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 re AB (an infant)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054  [1954] 2 QB 385

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 re Curtis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9311054  [1859] 28 L}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 J Ch. 458
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 re F}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9311054  [1990] AC}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054  1
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 re H (A minor)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054  1978 Fam 65
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 re L (an infant)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9311054  [1968] PD}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054  119
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 re P (G.E.) (an infant)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14826393\charrsid9311054 
 [1965] 1 Ch.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 D. 568
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 re Thain (an infant)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
 [1926] 1 Ch. 676
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 re W}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9311054  [1985] 1 AC}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054  791
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 Sachin Deo v Brij Bhan Singh}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
 Civil Appeal 18 of 1991
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 The Queen v Gyngall}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9311054  [1893] 2 QB}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054  232
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14826393\charrsid9311054 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 J. Singh}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054  with }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 Ms. A. Mahara}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14826393\charrsid9311054 j}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054  for the Plaintiffs
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 Ms I. Jalal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054  for the 2nd Defendants

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 V. Nathan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054  with }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 Ms F. Fenton}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054  for the 3rd and 4th Defendants
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14826393\charrsid9311054 D}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 . Sharma}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054  for the 5th Defendant
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 Fatiaki J:
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
\par On the 2nd of March 1993 the plaintiffs issued an Originating Summons seeking 6 declarations. The precise wording of the declarations need not be set out but it is suf
ficiently clear that the plaintiffs were seeking various declarations and orders that they or their legal advisors considered appropriate to facilitate their efforts to adopt an infant under the custody and care of the Director of Social Welfare.
\par 
\par No reference was made to any statutory provisions or the High Court Rules in support of the Summons and although the court expressed its concern at the outset little assistance was provided by counsel for the plaintiffs in that regard}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14826393\charrsid9311054  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 other than to appeal to the court's power as }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 parens patriae}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 .
\par 
\par No mention was made of Order 90 of the High Court Rules which sets out the procedure to make a minor a ward of court nor was such an order sought by the plaintiffs. In any event the existence of a procedure does not in itse
lf empower the court of its own motion to make the order. The power (if any) must exist outside of the procedure and ought to be invoked by the parties by an appropriate application.
\par 
\par Nor have the plaintiffs seen fit to seek the exercise of the statutory jurisdiction of the Magistrates}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7943825\charrsid9311054 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054  Court under Section 16(1)(e) of the Magistrates}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7943825\charrsid9311054 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054  Court Act (Cap. 14):
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3622576 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
"to appoint guardians of infants, and to make orders for the custody of infants";
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14826393 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
\par or sought the revocation of the care order by an appropriate application under the relevant provisions of the Juveniles Act.
\par 
\par In the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 Matter of Brian Nitin Naidu, (a minor)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054  Civil Action 33 of 1984 Kermode J. was faced with a similar jurisdictional difficulty where the uncle of an infant applied for an order that he be appoint
ed legal guardian of the infant who was then 4 years of age and who had lost both parents.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3622576\charrsid9311054 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 The learned judge in considering Section 20 of the Supreme Court (now High Court) Act said at p.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3622576\charrsid9311054  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3622576\charrsid9311054 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3622576 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
"While that section refers to appointments and control of guardians I am in some doubt as to whether the section was, as regards infants, intended to cover wards of court or whether it extends to cover an application such as the instant one."
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14826393 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
\par Then Kermode J. considered Order }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3622576\charrsid9311054 91 (now Order 90) and said at p. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 2:
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3622576 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7943825\charrsid9311054 "... it appears to m}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 e that the rule is designed to deal with applications arising out of statutory provisions in England which have no parallel in Fiji."
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14826393 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3622576 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 Viz}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 : Section 9 of the Law Reform (Misc. Provisions) Act 1949 (U.K)]
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14826393 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
\par In the circumstances the learned judge was driven to conclude:
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3622576 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
"We have no legislation in Fiji which specifically gives this court power to a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3622576\charrsid9311054 ppoint a guardian merely on the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054  ground that the child is an orphan. There is a Juveniles Act which has provisions regarding custody charge and care of juveniles but that Act makes no provision regarding guardianship."

\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14826393 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
\par Finally in reference to Section 18 of the Supreme Court (now High Court) Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3622576\charrsid9311054  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 he said at p. 3:
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3622576 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
"There is no doubt that the Supreme Court of Justice in England has jurisdiction to appoint guardians but if jurisdiction is conferred on the Court solely by an enactment which has no application in Fiji, can this Court by virtue of Section 18 as
sume that jurisdiction? The answer is not free from doubt. Section 22 of the Supreme Court Act may have application but ascertaining what the legal position was in England prior to the 2nd day of January, 1875 on the question of appointment of a Guardian 
could prove a difficult and tedious task."
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14826393 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
\par In the absence of any legislation in this country specifically dealing with the power of this court to make a minor a ward of court it is necessary to attempt a brief historical analysis of this Court's powers der
ived under Sections 18 and 20 of the Supreme Court (now High Court) Act (Cap. 13).
\par 
\par In the recent House of Lords decision in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 In re F}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054  [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9311054 1990] AC}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3622576\charrsid9311054  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 1 Lord Brandon of Oakbrook said of the nature of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 parens patriae}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3622576\charrsid9311054 jurisdiction as follows at p. 5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 7:
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3622576 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 "This is
 an ancient prerogative jurisdiction of the Crown going back as far perhaps as the 13th Century. Under it the Crown as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 parens patriae}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054  had both the power and the duty to protect the persons and property of those unable to do so for themselves, a category wh
ich included both minors (formerly described as infant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid8402643\charrsid9311054 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 ) and persons of unsound mind (formerly described as lunatics or idiots)."
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14826393 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
\par I interpose here to observe that the provisions of Section 20 of the Supreme Court Act grants to this Court in substantially similar terms:
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3622576 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
"... all and singular the powers and authorities of the Lord High Chancellor of England, with full liberty to appoint and control guardians of infants and their estates, and also keepers of the person and estates of such persons as being of
 unsound mind are unable to govern themselves and their estates."
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14826393 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
\par The learned Judge later said at p. 57:
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3622576 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 "... the present situation with regard to the }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 parens patriae}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
 jurisdiction as related to minors survives now in the form of the wardship jurisdiction of the High Court, Family Division."
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14826393 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
\par Lord Denning M.R. in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 In re L }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3622576\charrsid9311054 (an infant)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3622576\charrsid9311054  [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9311054 1968] PD}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054  119
 said of the inherent jurisdiction of the Court of Chancery in relation to infants at p. 156:
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3622576 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
"... It derives from the right and duty of the Crown as parens patriae to take care of those who are not able to take care of themselves. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
The Crown delegated this power to the Lord Chancellor, who exercised it in his Cour}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3622576\charrsid9311054 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054  of Chancery}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
 ... The child was usually made a ward of court and thereafter no important st
ep in the child's life could be taken without the Court's consent. But that was only machinery. Even if there was no property and the child was not a ward of Court nevertheless the Court of Chancery had power to interfere for the protection of the infant 
by making whatever order might be appropriate ... }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
This wide jurisdiction of the old Court of Chancery, is now vested in the High Court of Justice and can be exercised by any judge of the High Court.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
 As a matter of convenience, the jurisdiction is exercised by making the child a ward of court and putting it under the care of a judge of the Chancery Divis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3622576\charrsid9311054 ion. But that is only machinery.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
 If a question arises as to the welfare of a child before any judge of the High Court, he can make such order as may be appropriate in the circumstances." (emphasis mine)
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3622576 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3622576\charrsid9311054 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14826393 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
In this latter regard it may be noted that Section 18 of the High Court Act (Cap. 13) expressly gives the High Court:
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3622576\charrsid9311054 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3622576 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
"... all the jurisdiction, powers and authorities which are for the time being vested in or capable of being exercised by Her Majesty's High Court of Justice in England."
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14826393 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3622576\charrsid9311054 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 Accordingly I am satisfied that this Court through the above statutory provisions has power to exercise the prerogative of the Crown or State as }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 parens patriae}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
 in relation to minors or infants. Furthermore that the exercise of that power may be effected through wardship proceedings instituted under Order 90 of the High Court Rules.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3622576\charrsid9311054 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 I am fortified in my view by the recent decision in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid11433028\charrsid9311054 Sachin Deo v Brij B}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 han Singh and Anor}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054  Civil Appeal No. 18 of 1991 where this Court had to deal with the competing claims of a father and gr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3622576\charrsid9311054 andparents for custody of a 3\'bd }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 year old female infant.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3622576\charrsid9311054 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 Scott J. in assuming jurisdiction in the matter said at p.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3622576\charrsid9311054  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3622576\charrsid9311054 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3622576\charrsid9311054 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3622576 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 "In exercising jurisdictio
n in this matter this Court does so by virtue of Sections 18 and 22 of the High Court Act (Cap. 13) ... It exercises the jurisdiction which has been exercised by the Court of Chancery from time immemorial. It is a paternal jurisdiction, a judicially admin
istrative jurisdiction in virtue of which the High Court is put to act on behalf of the State as being the guardian of all infants in place of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3622576\charrsid9311054  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 parent and as if it were the parent of the child thus superseding the natural guardianship of the parent (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 See}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 : }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 The Queen v. Gyngall}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9311054  [1893] 2 QB}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054  232, 239)."
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14826393 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
\par Then after referring to Section 1 of the Guardianship of Infants Act 1925 (U.K.) and the decision in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 In re Thain (an infant)}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054  [1926] 1 Ch. 676, Scott J. said at p. 5:
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3622576\charrsid9311054 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3622576 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 "It appears therefore that the rule that
 the welfare of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3622576\charrsid9311054  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
the infant is the first and paramount consideration is not only the rule in Chancery but also in guardianship applications in Fiji ... It will also be noted that the wording of Section 1 of the 1925 Act is almost precisely the same as the r
ule laid down in custody proceedings by Section 85(}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3622576\charrsid9311054 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 ) of the Matrimonial Causes Act ..."
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14826393 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
\par Having said that however I would like to express my concerns that in this day and age as we approach the 21}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\super\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3622576\charrsid9311054  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 century it is wholly unsatisfactory that this court shou
ld have to resort to antiquated (even arcane) sources of the law to find its jurisdiction to deal with infants}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid11433028\charrsid9311054 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054  Furthermore in a young population such as ours where a very large proportion of the popu
lation is under the age of 21 years the absence of any specific legislation in this area represents a serious lacuna in our statute books.
\par 
\par At this point I can quickly dispose of the question of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 locus standi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054  of the plaintiffs t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7342625\charrsid9311054 o bring the present proceedings.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
 Very briefly the defendants argue that the plaintiffs being neither parents, relatives or guardians of the infant are persons with no legally vested interest in the child and therefore have no }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 locus}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054  to bring these proceedings.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7342625\charrsid9311054 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 Counsel for the plaintiff however relies on a Deed of Guardianship purpo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7342625\charrsid9311054 rting to appoint the plaintiffs}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
 legal guardians of the infant and a Consent to Adoption also purporting to consent to the adoption of the infant by the plaintiffs.
\par 
\par I use the term "purporting" advisedly beca}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7342625\charrsid9311054 use both documents clearly post-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 date a care order issued by the Lautoka Magistrates}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid5251537\charrsid9311054 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054  Court committing the infant into the care of the Director of Social Welfare.
\par 
\par Furthermore I entertain the gra}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7342625\charrsid9311054 v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
est doubts as to the legality or validity of such a Deed which not only operates during the lifetime of the parent in favour of foreign absentee guardians but impliedly excludes the Court's inherent jurisdiction in the infant's guardianship.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7342625\charrsid9311054 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 In my considered view the Deed of Guardianship was wholly ineffective i
n achieving what it purported to effect. It need hardly be said that this Court will resist any and every attempt to oust its inherent jurisdiction over infants and more so where an infant is the subject matter of a care order which has not been revoked.

\par 
\par Counsel for the plaintiffs also relies on the provisions of Section 38(3) of the Juveniles Act (Cap. 56) which directs the Director of Social Welfare "in all cases where it appears to him consistent with the welfare of the juvenile ... to endeavour to sec
ure" the release of the juvenile to a "parent, guardian, relative or friend ..." and in this latter regard counsel claims that the plaintiffs may be considered friends of the infant. With all due regard to counsel's submission I cannot agree.
\par 
\par In the first place, Section 38(3) does not empower anyone to apply for the care or custody of an infant already under the care of the Director of Social Welfare under a care order, nor, does it provide for the revocation of a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7342625\charrsid9311054  care order no matter how desir}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 able in the i
nterests of the infant such a course might be considered to be. Even Section 42 of the Juveniles Act which expressly deals with the revocation of a care order limits the applicants for such an order to "a welfare officer or a parent or a guardian of the j
uvenile".
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 Secondly}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
, even if the Section could be interpreted inferentially so as to confer }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 locus}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054  on the plaintiffs (which I seriously doubt), the term "friend" occurs in the context "parent, guardian, relative or friend", and, although disjunctive, in my considered view the maxim }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 noscitur a sociis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
 ought to be applied so as to limit the category of persons who might reasonably be included within the term.
\par 
\par Indeed I would go so far as to say that if the term were not to receive a restricted meaning then the fears so clearly voiced by Kindersley V.C. in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7342625\charrsid9311054 I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 n re Curtis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9311054  (1859) 28 LJ }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 Ch. 458 could well become a reality particularly when he said at p. 459-460:
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7342625 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
"The Court does not exercise the jurisdiction in merely considering whether it would be for the benefit of
 the children that their custody should be with the father or with the mother, or with some other relative or with strangers, simply because, upon the whole, it would be not for the benefit of the children that there should be custody. I repudiate all suc
h
 jurisdiction as belonging to this court. If such a jurisdiction existed I suspect that the peace of half the families in this country would be disturbed by applications showing, or attempting to show, what, I am afraid, might be shown in a great many cas
es, that it was most for the interest of the children that they should be removed from the custody both of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7342625\charrsid9311054  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 the father and of the mothe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid469181\charrsid9311054 r but happily there is no such j}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 urisdiction."
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14826393 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
\par I am not saying for one moment that the plaintiffs are officious }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid5251537\charrsid9311054 by}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7342625\charrsid9311054 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 nders seeking to meddle in the affairs of the infant or the Director of Social Welfare, but it is necessary to clar}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7342625\charrsid9311054 i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
fy that they are not friends under Section 38(3) of the Juveniles Act as has been argued.
\par 
\par Be that as it may I am satisfied that this application may be entertained under the wardship jurisdiction of this Court provided that the infant is ordinarily resident }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid5251537\charrsid9311054 within the Court's jurisdiction.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054  (per Denning M.R. and Pearson L.J. in }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 In re P (G.E.) (an infant)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7342625\charrsid9311054 
 [1965] 1 Ch.D. 568 at pp.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054  585 and 590 respectively.)
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7342625\charrsid9311054 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 I also note that under Section 55 of the Juveniles Act, any person may apply to a juvenile court for the revocation of a care order.
\par 
\par I hold therefore that this Court has jurisdiction to entertain the application of the plaintiffs not necessarily because they have }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 locus standi}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054  to bring the application but by virtue of this Court's wardship jurisdiction being invoked albeit very indirectly.
\par 
\par I turn next to the rather vexed question of the status and effect of the care order which was made by the Lautoka Magistrates' Court committing the infant into the care of the Director of Social Welfare on the 25th of February, 1991.
\par 
\par It is necessary to examine briefly the circumstances under which the c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7342625\charrsid9311054 are order was made in this case.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054  The male infant was b
orn on 7th November 1990 at the Lautoka Hospital and was effectively abandoned at birth by his natural mother. The case was referred to the Social Welfare Department and a welfare officer Sudha Narayan dealt with it.
\par 
\par She testified that prior to the birth of the infant she had been informed by the hospital authorities of the mother's intention to abandon her baby. Then a week after the infant was born she interviewed the infant's mother and grandmother and learnt of}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7342625\charrsid9311054  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 the unfortunate circumstances under which
 the infant was conceived and their unwillingness and inability to support the infant. They expressed the clear desire to have the infant placed into the care of the Director of Social Welfare with a view to his eventual adoption.
\par 
\par The infant was accordingly taken into the Care of the Director of Social Welfare and temporarily placed in a place of safety i.e. Lautoka Hospital. Three months later an application was duly made to the Lautoka Magistrate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7342625\charrsid9311054 s'}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054  Court for a care order [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 See}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 : Sec
tions 38(4) and 41(2)(b)]. The care order was made and the infant was transferred from Lautoka Hospital to an approved institution na}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7342625\charrsid9311054 
mely the Dilkusha Home at Nausori on the 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 st of March 1991 where he remains to date [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 See}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 : Section 52(b) of the Juveniles Act].
\par 
\par Learned counsel for the plaintiffs however challenges the validity of the care order on the ground that the mother of the infant was not advised or notified of the application an}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid11029597\charrsid9311054 d therefore was deprived of her}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054  statutory right under Sections 41(3)(c) a
nd 47 of the Juveniles Act to object to or be heard on the making of the care order.
\par 
\par I accept at once that Sections 41 and 47 of the Juveniles Act in terms requires the court to hear objections (if any) to the making of a care order from a parent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7342625\charrsid9311054  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 or guard
ian or their barrister and solicitor if they so wish but in my considered view such a requirement is directory and not mandatory so as to invalidate the care order for non-compliance.
\par 
\par To begin with the requirements are directed at the court and imposes no statutory duty on the Social Welfare Department to serve or notify, any person of i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7342625\charrsid9311054 ts application for a care order.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
\par 
\par Secondly, while the court is empowered to order investigations in respect of the juvenile concerned, having regard to the procedure adopte
d by the Social Welfare Department where an application by it for a care order is always accompanied by a Welfare Report setting out the background circumstances for the application, a juvenile court in my view is not obliged to ignore such a report and n
evertheless order an investigation, much less where the report is of recent date and discloses that the infant had been knowingly and voluntarily abandoned at birth by its parent.
\par 
\par I am also fortified in my view by the provisions of Section 45(5) of the Juve}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7342625\charrsid9311054 ni}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
les Act which requires any person making an application under Section 41 to notify a welfare officer (not the parents, guardian or relatives of the juvenile) and subsection (6) which requires the welfare officer to investigate various specified matters 
as are likely to assist the Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid11029597\charrsid9311054 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
 Presumably it is at this investigative stage (if any) that the parents or guardian are afforded the opportunity to express his/her wishes concerning the future care of the child if he/she so desires.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7342625\charrsid9311054 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
Thirdly, Section 38(3) of the Juveniles Act requires the Director of Social Welfare, where he has taken a child into his care pursuant to Section 38 (as occurred in this instance), and where it appears to him consistent with the welfare of the juvenile, t
o endeavour to secure that the care of the child is taken over by either a parent or g}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7342625\charrsid9311054 uardian or a relative or friend.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7342625\charrsid9311054 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 In my view that subsection imposes a positive duty on the Director of Social Welfare to use his best endeavours to return the child to it
s parents or guardian during th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7342625\charrsid9311054 e 3 month period that he is duty }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 bound to care for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7342625\charrsid9311054 the child without a court order.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054  Of course the vigour with which he pursues his duty would be a matter for the Director to gauge bearing in mind the circumstances of the part
icular case and a Court should be slow to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid11029597\charrsid9311054 find impropriety in the absence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054  of clear evidence to overturn the presumption }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 omnia praesumuntur.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7342625\charrsid9311054 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 In my view a juvenile court faced with an application for a care order by the Director of Social Welfare of what ma
y be conveniently referred to as a Section 38 juvenile, is entitled to assume that the Director of Social Welfare had attempted and was unsuccessful in his endeavours to secure the release of the child to its parents, guardian or relatives under Section 3
8(3) in the 3 months preceding the application for the care order.
\par 
\par It may be conveniently noted at this stage that some 9 months after the care order was made the infant's uncle expressed an interest in taking over the care of the infant and although not b
ound to, the Department was willing at the time to release the child. The offer however was never taken up with the result that the Department subsequently changed its attitude. In this regard contrary to the submissions of counsel for the plaintiffs the 
u
ncle's interest cannot be considered under the first limb of Section 38(3) of the Juveniles Act for the simple reason that the subsection had been long superseded by the making of the care order committing the infant into the care of the Director of Socia
l Welfare.
\par 
\par Furthermore despite counsel's submissions to the contrary there is not the slightest doubt in my mind that the statutory jurisdiction to vary or revoke a care order is exclusively conferred on a juvenile court which by virtue of Section 16 of th
e Juveniles Act means a Magistrate's Court exercising }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 inter alia}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054  any juris}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid11029597\charrsid9311054 diction conferred under the Act.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054  References therefore to the provisions of Section 42 and 55 of the Juveniles Act in the context of the present proceedings in the High Court would appear to be misconceived.
\par 
\par Needless to say the exercise by this Court of its wardship jurisdiction is not necessarily or inevitably inconsistent with the existence of a care order.
\par 
\par Finally, by the prov}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7342625\charrsid9311054 ision of Section 42,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
 a care order once made may be varied or revoked at any time upon the application of a parent or guardian.
\par 
\par Clearly then a parent or guardian who was unaware of an application for or the making of a care order could apply for its revocation on the ground that he was unaware of the applicati
on and is opposed to the making of the care order on some genuine and substantial ground relati}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid5251537\charrsid9311054 ng to the welfare of the infant.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054  Even then the Court retains a discretion in the matter.
\par 
\par In my view mere absence of knowledge of an application for a care order without more, is an insufficient ground to warrant the exercise of the court's discretion to vary or revoke a care order under either Section}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid5251537\charrsid9311054 s 42 or 55 of the Juveniles Act.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054  Much less would it render the care order vo}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7342625\charrsid9311054 id }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7342625\charrsid9311054 ab initio}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7342625\charrsid9311054  as has been argued.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
\par 
\par In the light of the above I hold that the care order committing the care of the infant to the Director of Social Welfare was properly made, remains extant and is valid. What then is its effect?
\par 
\par Section 51 of the Juveniles Act (Cap}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2176190\charrsid9311054 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
 56) provides}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7342625\charrsid9311054 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7342625 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 "The Dir
ector whilst having care of a juvenile in consequence of a care order under this Act shall, while the order is in force, have the same rights and powers and be subject to the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7342625\charrsid9311054  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 same liabilities in respect of his maintenance as if he were the parent of the ju
venile, and the juvenile so committed shall continue in his care notwithstanding any claim by a parent or any other person."
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14826393 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
\par In these circumstances ought this Court to go behind the care order and invoke its wardship jurisdiction?
\par 
\par In attempting to answer that question it is necessary to examine in some more detail the provi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7342625\charrsid9311054 sions of the Juveniles Act (Cap.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054  56) as they relate to the powers and duties of the Director of Social Welfare over infants in need of care, protection or control.
\par 
\par At the outset i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7342625\charrsid9311054 t will be seen that Section 38(1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
) imposes a positive duty on the Director of Social Welfare to assume the care of an infant without a court order if he is satisfied of one or other of 2 things and his intervention is necessary in the best interes}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7342625\charrsid9311054 t and the welfare of the infant.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
 The formula adopted by the draftsman in subsection (1) is "where it appears" which means where it appears to his satisfaction and confers an absolute discretion upon the Director of Social Welfare provided it is exercised }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 bona fide}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 .
\par 
\par Furthermore Section 38(2) requires the Director of Social Welfare where he has assumed care of an infant pursuant to subsection (1) to keep the infant so long as the welfare of the infant requires it.
\par 
\par Section 38(3) however requires the Director of Social Welf
are to give the infant to a parent, guardian, relative or friend if they desire to take over the care of the juvenile and, if that event does not occur, nevertheless the Director must use his best endeavours to try to persuade the parent or guardian or fa
iling them a relative or friend to take over care of the infant where it appears to him consistent with the welfare of the infant.
\par 
\par It will be seen at once that up to this stage the Director of Social Welfare acquires no special rights, interest or status in relation to the infant other than that of a public officer }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7342625\charrsid9311054 performing his statutory duties.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7342625\charrsid9311054 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
Section 38(4) however requires the Director of Social Welfare to apply for a care order in respect of the infant if the period of care is to be extended beyond 3 months. In other words an infant taken into the care of the Director of S}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7342625\charrsid9311054 ocial Welfare under Section 38(1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
) may be kept in the Director's care for a period of 3 months without a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7342625\charrsid9311054  Court order and not any longer.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7342625\charrsid9311054 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 The application for a care order is then 
made under Section 41 and upon the grant of a care order the status and rights of the Director of Social Welfare over the infant undergoes a dramatic transformation.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7342625\charrsid9311054 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 The effect of the care order may be described as putting the Director of Social Welfare thoroughly in the position of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 loco parentis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 , practically as if he had}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7342625\charrsid9311054  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
adopted the child, and is given all parental rights (with few exceptions) while the parent is deprived of those rights. In other words with the making of the care order the Director of So
cial Welfare has the legal right to control the child and his future, subject to the right in the parents or guardian to apply to the Juvenile Court t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7342625\charrsid9311054 
o vary or revoke the care order.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7342625\charrsid9311054 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 It is in this latter situation i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid4807360\charrsid9311054 .e. }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 post care order that the Courts in E
ngland have consistently held over several decades that the exercise by the High Court of its inherent powers in wardship proceedings has been severely restricted.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7342625\charrsid9311054 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 In this latter regard I gratefully acknowledge the assistance I have received from the submissions of learned counsel for the i}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2176190\charrsid9311054 nfant and would only refer to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
decisions that illustrate the approach of the Courts in England when dealing with legislation in substantially similar terms as that to be found}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7342625\charrsid9311054 
 in our Juveniles Act (Cap. 56).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7342625\charrsid9311054 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 I begin with the dictum of Lord Goddard C.J. in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 In re AB (an infant)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9311054  [1954] 2 QB}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054  385 in which the learned Chief Justice considered the provisions of Section 1 of the Children Act 1948 (U.K.) which is in substantially identical terms to Section 38 of our 
Juveniles Act.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7342625\charrsid9311054 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 In rejecting a submission that the Act did not affect the Court's parental jurisdiction in that case the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7342625\charrsid9311054 learned Chief Justice said at p. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 346}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7342625\charrsid9311054 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7342625\charrsid9311054 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7342625 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
"The Act of 1948 not only enables, but directs the local authority to act without }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7342625\charrsid9311054 an order of the Court.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054  ... I cannot see, under those circumstances, how this Court can step in and say that as between the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7342625\charrsid9311054  local authority and the foster-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
parents, and contrary to the wishes of the local authority we can order the child to remain with the foster-pa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid4807360\charrsid9311054 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 ents. To do so would be to usurp the duties which }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid4807360\charrsid9311054 are laid on the local authority}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
 by the Act of Parliament and we should be substituting our own view as to what was right for the child as against the views of the local authority, It would be }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7342625\charrsid9311054 quite contrary to the tenor of Part I and Part II}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
 of the Act of 1948 for this Court to assume the duty of reviewing the discretion of the local authority, and substituting their own opinion as to what was for the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7342625\charrsid9311054 benefit of the child."}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7342625 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7342625\charrsid9311054 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14826393 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 In this case I accept that there are n
o specific statutory provisions, rules or even departmental guidelines relating to inter-country adoptions and the plaintiffs argue that in the absence of such legislative constraints the Director of Social Welfare ought not to impose any limitations as t
o the countries to and from which applications for inter-country adoptions ought to be considered or accepted.
\par 
\par In this latter regard the evidence of the Director of Social Welfare was to the effect that Fiji maintains inter-country adoption arrangements with New Zealand and Australia and to a lesser extent with other Pacific Island countries.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7342625\charrsid9311054 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
These arrangements worked out over several years and already in place, exists on a government-to-government level between the Fiji Department of Social Welfare and it
s official governmental counter-part in New Zealand and each State Government in Australia}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2975606\charrsid9311054 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054  Under the arrangements all applications and requests are submitted through the respective gove}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7342625\charrsid9311054 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
nmental authorities and includes such matters as official vetting and approval of applicants, preparation and approval of home}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7342625\charrsid9311054 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 study reports, post-adoption monitoring and reporting and facilitation of immigration requirements and the eventual adoption of the infant in the host country.

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7342625\charrsid9311054 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 To the question: "Why not consider Canada and U.S.A. where there are many}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7342625\charrsid9311054  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 Fi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7342625\charrsid9311054 jian emigrants?" he answered:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7342625\charrsid9311054 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2577710 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
"In the interest of the children placed in our care we felt it unnecessary to open the net any wider and involve ourselves in unnecessary administrative work}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2577710\charrsid9311054 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
 Our sole interest is the future welfare of the children placed in our care. In fact we feared that an expansion of the system would make it harder for us to maintain an efficient, regulated system."
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14826393 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2577710\charrsid9311054 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 Earlier in his evidence the Director had said}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2577710\charrsid9311054 
:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2577710\charrsid9311054 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2577710 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
"Since 1988 we found out that the volume of applications from N.Z. and Australia far exceeded the supply situation of children available for adoption ... I decided because of lack of staff (i.e. we ha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2577710\charrsid9311054 d only 1 officer on inter-country}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
 adoptions) to confine our inter-country adoptions to Australia and N.Z. and other Pacific Island Countries. Decision made because we considered it unnecessary to open up our adoption to the whole world."
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14826393 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2577710\charrsid9311054 
\par In cross-examination the Director s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 ai}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2577710\charrsid9311054 d}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054  t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2577710\charrsid9311054 h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 at}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2577710\charrsid9311054 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2577710 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 "Limitations of resources}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2577710\charrsid9311054 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
 availability of children and unfamiliarity with adoptions }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2577710\charrsid9311054 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 nd reporting procedures were all factors that limit the area of inter-country adoptions."
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2577710 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2577710\charrsid9311054 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14826393 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 More sp}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2577710\charrsid9311054 ecifically in relation to the pla}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 intiffs the Director said}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2577710\charrsid9311054 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2577710 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 "We have not}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2577710\charrsid9311054 hing against the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
 Lakhans but in the interest of Nilesh and it was clearly explained to them that they were outside the existing system that was already in place and we }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2577710\charrsid9311054 were satisfied that the existing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2577710\charrsid9311054 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 ystem wo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2577710\charrsid9311054 ul}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 d suffice to ensure that Nilesh had a good prospe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2577710\charrsid9311054 ct}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054  for the f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2577710\charrsid9311054 utu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 re. Even assuming}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2577710\charrsid9311054  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
we were willing to make an exception in their case they would have to wait in line."
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2577710 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2577710\charrsid9311054 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14826393 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 and later in cross-examination he said}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2577710\charrsid9311054 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2577710\charrsid9311054 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2577710 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 "If Nilesh was sent to C}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2975606\charrsid9311054 anada (from where the plaintiff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
s originate) we would probably have to star}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2577710\charrsid9311054 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
 negotiations with (the Canadian Authorities) and establish a relationship with the Canadian Embassy, immigration and social services ... If }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2577710\charrsid9311054 the }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 Lakhans had been approved by us they would go on a waitin}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2577710\charrsid9311054 g list and would wait at least 1 year, at most 3 years.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
 The Lakhans are here seeking preferential tr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2577710\charrsid9311054 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 atm}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2577710\charrsid9311054 en}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 t because o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2577710\charrsid9311054 f a claimed interest in a child. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 If Nilesh given to Lakhans he would be stepping into our un}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2577710\charrsid9311054 kn}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 own."
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14826393 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
\par Finally in answer to the Court, the Director of Social Welfare said}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2577710\charrsid9311054 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2577710 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
"To my knowledge there is no written law dealing with inter}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2577710\charrsid9311054 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 country adoptions}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2975606\charrsid9311054 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054  There is no written law requiring adoption be available wo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2975606\charrsid9311054 
rldwide or restricting the area.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054  In the absence of any written law it has been lef}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2975606\charrsid9311054 t to the Department to work out.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
 Department only able to work our arrangements with}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2975606\charrsid9311054  Australia and New Zealand and P}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 acific basin countries."
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14826393 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
\par It is clear that all matters pertaining to inter-country adoptions such as the eligible countries and procedures have been left en
tirely for the Director of Social Welfare to work out as he sees fit. In those circumstances and in the light of the Director's explanations it would not be }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2577710\charrsid9311054 proper or indeed desir}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
able for this Court to seek to interfere with the Director's discretion and effectively impose additional administrative duties on an}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2577710\charrsid9311054 
 already overly taxed situation.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
\par 
\par The legislature in any event has indirectly conferred a final reviewing power over inter-country adoptions upon the Minister responsible, in so far as Section 54 of t
he Juveniles Act requires the Minister's written approval for the Director of Social Welfare to arrange for the emigration of an infant subject to a care order, where it appears to (the Minister) to be for the benefit of the juvenile.
\par 
\par There is no suggesti
on that the existing inter-country adoption arrangements are in some way in breach of or in disregard of the Director's statutory duties nor has it been shown that the country limitations imposed by the Director (as explained) are an unlawful or unreasona
ble exercise of his discre}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2577710\charrsid9311054 tion in the "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2577710\charrsid9311054 Wednesbury}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2577710\charrsid9311054 " sense [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 1948}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2577710\charrsid9311054 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9311054  1 KB}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054  223, 234 per Lord Greene M.R.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2577710\charrsid9311054 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 Rather the plaintiffs appear to suggest that in failing to open up inter-country}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2577710\charrsid9311054 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 adoptions to include Can}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9205926\charrsid9311054 ada and in refusing to consider }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
their application in the case of Nilesh, the Director was somehow thereby not acting in the best interest and welfare of the inf}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2577710\charrsid9311054 an}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 t and therefore this Court should exercise a general}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2577710\charrsid9311054  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 reviewing power over the Director's discretion in relation to inter-country adoptions and in particular, the case of Nilesh. I cannot agree.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2577710\charrsid9311054 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
In the first place, it is by no means clear how the obvious interests of the plaintiffs in having their application considered could be equated with or have any bearing on the paramount i
nterest and welfare of the infant who has been committed to the care of the Director of Social Welfare under the Juveniles Act, and secondly, whilst it is tempting to ask the question whether the interests and future welfare of the infant would be better 
served by him being adopted by the plaintiffs or by the fifth defendants as proposed by the Director of Social Welfare, such a question would be misconceived.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid4207018\charrsid9311054 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 Lord Brightman in rejecting a similar question in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 In re W}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid4207018\charrsid9311054 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 1985}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid4207018\charrsid9311054 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9311054  1 AC }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 791 said at p.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid4207018\charrsid9311054  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 809}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid4207018\charrsid9311054 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid4207018\charrsid9311054 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4207018 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 "It 
could well be said that the case calls for an objective investigation, with a right for the uncle and aunt at least to be heard, which righ}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid4207018\charrsid9311054 
t only exists in the High Court.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054  But I do not think the question is legitimate. Whether the question is resolved by t
he local authority or the High Court, the question before the resolver is precis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid4207018\charrsid9311054 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 ly the same, namely, whether a home with outside adoptors as envisaged by the local authority, or a home with the uncle and aunt as sought by the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid4207018\charrsid9311054 m}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 , ... is in th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid4207018\charrsid9311054 e best interest of (the infant).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
 The arbiter chosen by Parliament to make that decision}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid4207018\charrsid9311054  is the local authority.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 "
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4207018 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid4207018\charrsid9311054 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14826393 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 Furthermore in the leading case of in }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid4207018\charrsid9311054 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054  v. Live}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid4207018\charrsid9311054 rp}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 ool City Council}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9311054 [1982] AC}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054  363 Lord Wilberforce in rejecting the existence of such a general reviewin}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid4207018\charrsid9311054 g power in the Courts said at p. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 372}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid4207018\charrsid9311054 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid4207018\charrsid9311054 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4207018 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
"Parliament has by statute entrusted to the local authority the power and duty to make}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid4207018\charrsid9311054  decisions as to the welfare of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 children without any reservation of a re}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid4207018\charrsid9311054 viewing power in the Court 
\'85 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 In my opinion Parliament has m
arked out an area in which, subject to the enacted limitations and safeguards, decisions for the child's welfare are removed from the parents and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid4207018\charrsid9311054 
 from supervision by the Courts.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 "
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4207018 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid4207018\charrsid9311054 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14826393 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid4207018\charrsid9311054 His Lordship rec}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 og}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid4207018\charrsid9311054 n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 ised however that the Court's inherent jurisdiction existed in limited instances when he said at p}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2176190\charrsid9311054 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid4207018\charrsid9311054  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 373}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid4207018\charrsid9311054 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid4207018\charrsid9311054 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4207018 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
"The Court's general inherent power is always available to fill gaps or to supplement the powers of the local authority what it will not do (except by way of judicial review where appropriate) is to supervis
e the exercise of discretion within the field committed by Statute to the local }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid4207018\charrsid9311054 authority.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 "
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14826393 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
\par Lord Roski}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid4207018\charrsid9311054 ll}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
 for his part and in similar vein said at p.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid4207018\charrsid9311054  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
377}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid4207018\charrsid9311054 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid4207018\charrsid9311054 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4207018 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid4207018\charrsid9311054 I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
 am of the clear opinion that, while the prerogative jurisdiction of the Court in wardship cases r
emains, the exercise of that jurisdiction has been and must continue to be treated as circumscribed by the existence of the far-ranging statutory code which entrusts the care and control of deprived children to local authorities. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2176190\charrsid9311054 I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 t follows that the undoub
ted wardship jurisdiction must not be exercised to interfere with the day-to-day administration by local authorities of that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid4207018\charrsid9311054  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 statutory control."
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4207018 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid4207018\charrsid9311054 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14826393 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid4207018\charrsid9311054 and later at p. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 379}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid4207018\charrsid9311054 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid4207018\charrsid9311054 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4207018 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
"Clearly the jurisdiction can be invoked by the local authority when its own powers are inadequate to make the welfare of the child paramount or when it is necessa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14187182\charrsid9311054 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
y to this end to take action against a stranger. But the Court must not interfere with those matters which Parliament has decided are within the province of a local authority to whom the care and control of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid4207018\charrsid9311054  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 a child has been entrusted pursuant to statutory provisions."
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4207018 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid4207018\charrsid9311054 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14826393 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 I am not unmindful of the unusual case of }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 In re H}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 (A minor)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054  (Wardship}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9205926\charrsid9311054 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054  Jurisdiction) 1978 Fam
 65 in which the High Court exercised its wardship jurisdiction notwithstanding that the child was then under the care and control of the local authority pursuant to a care order, in order to enable the parents to return to their native Pakistan with thei
r infant child or of the dictum of Sir George Baker P. in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14187182\charrsid9311054 M. v. Hu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 mberside County Council}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9311054 [1979] 2 All ER}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054  744 which the learned judge said at p.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14187182\charrsid9311054  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 751}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14187182\charrsid9311054 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14187182\charrsid9311054 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14187182 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14187182\charrsid9311054 ".}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 .. it seems to me that the High Court will assume jurisdiction in limited circumstances}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14187182\charrsid9311054 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054  First, if the
 powers of the lower court require to be supplemented, that is to say, where its}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14187182\charrsid9311054  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 powers are inadequate.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14187182\charrsid9311054  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 Second, if there has been some irregularity or excess in the exercise of th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14187182\charrsid9311054 
e powers of the local authority; and, third,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054  the compos}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14187182\charrsid9311054 ite head, if there is something}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
 exceptional, something really unusual about the case which necessitates the intervention of the High Court."
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14187182 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14187182\charrsid9311054 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14826393 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
Both decisions which are cited in the list of authorities and submissions of t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9205926\charrsid9311054 he}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054  plaintiffs' counsel have been the subject-matter of adverse judicial comment which undermines their usefulness as judicial precedents to be followed by a court of first instance.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14187182\charrsid9311054 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 In particular in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14187182\charrsid9311054 
A v. Liverpool City }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 Council}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14187182\charrsid9311054 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14187182\charrsid9311054 op.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 cit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 ), Lord Wilberforce said of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 In re H}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054  at p.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14187182\charrsid9311054  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 373:
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14187182 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
"This is a case very familiar to anyone concerned with the insoluble syndromes of infancy case}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14187182\charrsid9311054 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054  in which the decision, made in most circumstances, appears a wise one but if taken to appeal might be hard to sustain, at least on the grounds assigned. I have 
no inclination to criticise such decisions even i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14187182\charrsid9311054 f they make doubtful precedents.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 "
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14826393 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14187182\charrsid9311054 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 Lord Roskill for his part preferred to explain the decision in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 In re H}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14187182\charrsid9311054 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14187182\charrsid9311054 op.c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 it}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 ) at p.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14187182\charrsid9311054  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 378}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14187182\charrsid9311054 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14187182\charrsid9311054 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14187182 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14187182\charrsid9311054 "\'85}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054  as better supported
 on the ground that the wardship jurisdiction of the Court could properly be invoked in addition to the statutory jurisdiction of the local authority because it was only in this way that the result which was the best in the paramount interest of the child
 could be achieved, the local authority and the juvenile court being unable within the limits of their powers to achieve that result."
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14826393 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14187182\charrsid9311054 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 As for the third category in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14187182\charrsid9311054 M}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054  v. Humberside County Council}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054  (}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14187182\charrsid9311054 i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 bid}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 ), Lord Scarman in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 In re W}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054  (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 op.cit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 ) said at p.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14187182\charrsid9311054  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 797}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14187182\charrsid9311054 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14187182\charrsid9311054 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14187182 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14187182\charrsid9311054 \'85}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054  in so far as (it) contains dicta suggesting that there is}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14187182\charrsid9311054  an exceptional class of case in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
 which though Parliament has entrusted decision on the merits to the local authority, the High Court may intervene to review the merits, the dicta (are) a false guide t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14187182\charrsid9311054 o the true principle of the law.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 "
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14187182 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14187182\charrsid9311054 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14826393 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
His Lordship then outlined the relevant principle as follows when he said}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14187182\charrsid9311054 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14187182\charrsid9311054 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14187182 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
"The High Court cannot exercise its powers, however wide they may be, so as to intervene on the merits in an area of concern entrusted by Parliament to another public }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14187182\charrsid9311054 authority}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12012646\charrsid9311054 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12012646\charrsid9311054 I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 t matters not that the chosen public authority is one which acts administratively whereas the Court, if seized of the sa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14187182\charrsid9311054 me matter, would act judicially.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054  If Parliament in an ar}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14187182\charrsid9311054 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
a of concern defined by statute (the area in this case being the care of children in need or trouble) prefers the power to be exercised administratively instead of judicially, so be it. The Court must be careful in that area to avoid assuming a supervisor
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14187182\charrsid9311054 y}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
 role or reviewing power over the merits of decisions taken administratively b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14187182\charrsid9311054 y the selected public authority.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 "
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14187182 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14187182\charrsid9311054 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14826393 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 In the light of the above I have no hesitati
on in holding that this court ought not to exercise its inherent wardship jurisdiction in the particular circumstances of this case where the plaintiffs have neither sought to vary or revoke the care order nor applied for a judicial review of the care ord
er or the actions of the Dire}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14187182\charrsid9311054 ctor of Social Welfare under it.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
\par 
\par In the circumstances it would be both inappropriate as well as ill-advised for this Court to express any views as to the comparative advantages o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14187182\charrsid9311054 
r disadvantages of the home-stud}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 y reports of either the plaintiffs or the fifth defendants.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14187182\charrsid9311054 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
Parliament has conferred on the Director of Social Welfare far-reaching powers and a near absolute discretion to order the lives of less fortunate children committed to his care and although the exercise of those
 powers are reviewable by the process of judicial review, they remain largely unsupervised by the Courts. It is therefore of utmost importance that the Director's decisions should be made not only with responsibility but also with a conscious regard to th
e sensitivity which those decisions inevit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14187182\charrsid9311054 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 
bly have upon the naturally strong emotions of the persons affected.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14187182\charrsid9311054 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 It needs hardly be said also that this is not litigation in the ordinary sense of the word. There are no winners or losers. All parties are here
 to put forward what they consider to be in best interests and welfare of the children which is the foremost concern of this Court.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14187182\charrsid9311054 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 The plaintiffs' originating summons is dismissed with costs to the defendants to be taxed if not agreed.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14187182\charrsid9311054 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 Action dismissed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6108688\charrsid9311054 )
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