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\qr \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14646206 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14646206 [1991] 37 FLR 70}{
\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14646206\charrsid14646206 
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\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid331437 {\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid331437\charrsid6636146 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid331437 {\b\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1720868\charrsid331437 STATE
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid331437 {\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid331437\charrsid331437 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid331437 {\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1720868\charrsid7434871 [HIGH COURT, 1991 (Jesuratnam J), 5 July]
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14646206 {\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14646206 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14646206 {\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14646206\charrsid331437 Appellate Jurisdiction}{
\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14646206 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid331437 {\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid331437\charrsid331437 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11293667 {\i\fs24\expnd0\expndtw2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1720868\charrsid14646206 Sentence}{\i\fs24\expnd0\expndtw2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14646206  }{
\i\fs24\expnd0\expndtw2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid331437\charrsid14646206 -}{\i\fs24\expnd0\expndtw2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1720868\charrsid14646206  causing death by dangerous driving}{
\i\fs24\expnd0\expndtw2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14646206  }{\i\fs24\expnd0\expndtw2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid331437\charrsid14646206 -}{\i\fs24\expnd0\expndtw2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1720868\charrsid14646206 
 whether immediate imprisonment appropriate.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid331437 {\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14646206 
\par }{\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1720868\charrsid331437 
The appellant had caused the death of one person and injured 2 others. He pleaded guilty and was sentenced to 12 months imprisonment. Partly allowing the appeal and reducing the term of the sentence of imprison
ment the High Court warned that imprisonment was to be expected in such cases where appropriate.}{\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1720868 
\par }{\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid331437\charrsid331437 
\par }{\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1720868\charrsid331437 Cases cited:}{\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1720868 
\par }{\i\fs24\expnd0\expndtw2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1720868\charrsid331437 Boswell & Ors}{\fs24\expnd0\expndtw2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1720868\charrsid331437  (1984) 6 }{
\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1720868\charrsid331437 Cr. App. R (s) 287
\par }{\i\fs24\expnd0\expndtw2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1720868\charrsid331437 Sefanaia Marau v The State}{\fs24\expnd0\expndtw2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1720868\charrsid331437  }{
\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1720868\charrsid331437 (Cr. App. No. 79 of 1990)}{\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1720868 
\par }{\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid331437\charrsid331437 
\par }{\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1720868\charrsid331437 Appeal against sentence imposed in the Magistrates' Court.}{\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1720868 
\par }{\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid331437\charrsid331437 
\par }{\i\fs24\expnd0\expndtw2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1720868\charrsid331437 Jaswant Singh}{\fs24\expnd0\expndtw2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1720868\charrsid331437  }{
\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1720868\charrsid331437 for the appellant}{\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid331437 
\par }{\i\fs24\expnd0\expndtw2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid331437\charrsid331437 S. }{\i\fs24\expnd0\expndtw2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1720868\charrsid331437 Senaratne}{
\fs24\expnd0\expndtw2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1720868\charrsid331437  }{\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1720868\charrsid331437 for the respondent
\par }{\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid331437 
\par }{\b\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1720868\charrsid12854192 Jesuratnam J:
\par }{\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid331437\charrsid331437 
\par }{\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1720868\charrsid331437 In this case the appellant was charged with having on the 16th day of August 1990 driven a motor vehicle on Wainibokasi Road at Vun}{
\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293667 im}{\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1720868\charrsid331437 
ono in a manner which was dangerous to the public having regard to all the circumstances of the case and caused the death of Bijendra Lal s/o Shyam Sundar of Nadali/ Nausori contrary to section 238(1) of the Penal Code.}{
\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1720868 
\par }{\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid331437\charrsid331437 
\par }{\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1720868\charrsid331437 The appellant pleaded guilty and wa
s convicted and sentenced to 12 months' imprisonment and disqualified from driving for a period of 2 years. He has appealed against his conviction and sentence.}{\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1720868 
\par }{\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid331437\charrsid331437 
\par }{\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1720868\charrsid331437 Mr. Jaswant Singh, who appeared for the appellant, did not press the appeal against conviction as the appellant had unequivocally pleaded guilty.}{
\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1720868 
\par }{\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid331437\charrsid331437 
\par }{\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1720868\charrsid331437 
There seems to be an impression that causing death by a motorist should not be punished with immediate imprisonment. In fact learned senior State Counsel, Ms. Shameem, who appeared for the respondent at 
the hearing of the appellant's application for bail did not object to bail pending the hearing of the appeal. She openly expressed the view that an offence of this nature committed by a first offender does not call for an immediate custodial sentence. Whi
le this}{\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid331437  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1720868\charrsid331437 
court certainly gives the most anxious consideration to the views expressed by the D.P.P. on all criminal and quasi}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid331437 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1720868\charrsid331437 
criminal matters it is not only guided by those views. However there was a rift in the lute when another State counsel, Mr. Senaratne
, who appeared at the hearing of the appeal, vigorously defended the sentence as being fit and proper. It seems to me that this diff}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid331437 erence of opinion in the D.P.P.\rquote }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1720868\charrsid331437 s office is symptomatic of doubts in the public mind regarding the certainty of immediate pr
ison sentences for this type of offence which hitherto seem to have been the exception than the rule.
\par 
\par It seems to me that it is now time for the public to expect an immediate custodial sentence in cases of causing death by reckless and dangerous driving i
n appropriate cases. The annual toll of deaths on the roads caused by motorists is steadily rising year by year to dangerous proportions.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1720868 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid331437\charrsid331437 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1720868\charrsid331437 If first offenders are granted automatic immunity in such offences it would amount to the grant of a licence to the vast majority of m}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid331437 otorists who have never committe}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1720868\charrsid331437 d offences in the past to indulge in dangerous driving and causing the death of innocent victims.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1720868 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid331437\charrsid331437 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1720868\charrsid331437 Deterrence should therefore be an important consideration in sentencing in such cases. This court has already sounded a note of warning in this direction in the case of }{
\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1720868\charrsid331437 Sefanaia Marau v. The State}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1720868\charrsid331437  (}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid331437 criminal appeal no. 79 of 1990),}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1720868\charrsid331437  Fatiaki J. said}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1720868 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid331437\charrsid331437 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid331437 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1720868\charrsid331437 
"It is clearly time that our courts treated such offences and offenders with the seriousness that the legislature intended them to be regarded and also to reflect the concern of the general public about these matters."}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1720868 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid331437 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid331437\charrsid331437 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1720868\charrsid331437 Even in the past causing death by dangerous driving has been visited with sentences of imprisonment in some instances. In the }{
\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1720868\charrsid6636146 Sefanaia case}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1720868\charrsid331437 
 this court considered that a short custodial sentence was appropriate but decided to suspend it in view of other attendant circumstances including the 
release of the appellant on bail by the magistrate which may have engendered in the appellant hopes of receiving a non}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid331437 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1720868\charrsid331437 
custodial sentence on appeal.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1720868 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid331437\charrsid331437 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1720868\charrsid331437 In }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1720868\charrsid331437 Boswell and Others}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1720868\charrsid331437 
 (1984) 6 Criminal Appeal Reports (Sentencing series) p. 287 the Lord Chief Justice of England}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid331437  said as follows:-}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1720868 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid331437\charrsid331437 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6636146 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1720868\charrsid331437 
"It is a trite observation, and I make no apologies for making it, that the motor car is a potentially lethal instrument. Any driver who fails to realise that what he is doing at the wheel is creating a risk when to any ordinar
y person such risk would be obvious, or even worse, sees the risk and nevertheless takes a chance on avoiding disaster and so kills, is prima facie deserving of severe punishment. In our view such punishment should in many cases}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6636146  involve immediate loss of liberty.}{\fs24\expnd2\expndtw12\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1720868\charrsid331437 "
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid331437 {\fs24\expnd2\expndtw10\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1720868\charrsid331437 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1720868\charrsid331437 His Lordship went on to set guidelines for sentencing in such cases.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1720868 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6636146\charrsid331437 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1720868\charrsid331437 
The aggravating factors and mitigating factors have been set out there. However it should be pointed out that these instances refer to sample situations. They should not be regarded as exhaustive literally. There may be situations analogous to those enume
rated. It is therefore wrong to argue, as did counsel for the appellant, that one is not present, the other is present and so on. A guideline is an indicator, not a comprehensive definition.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1720868 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6636146\charrsid331437 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1720868\charrsid331437 In the instant case, for instance all three pedestrians were thro
wn into the drain and rendered unconscious although only one died. It was a matter of chance that the other two did not die. It is therefore idle to point out to aggravating factor number 7 mentioned by Lord Chief Justice Lane and say "This is not it. Her
e sever}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14646206 al people have not been killed.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1720868\charrsid331437 " It is the analogous situation that matters not the incidental result.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1720868 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6636146\charrsid331437 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1720868\charrsid331437 
The appellant was driving his vehicle at a high speed. His act of overtaking a taxi which itself was overtaking another parked taxi required deliberate acceleration. It was therefore furthest from a case of "momentary inattention". It is my view that an i
mmediate custodial sentence was well merited in the instant case.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1720868 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6636146\charrsid331437 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1720868\charrsid331437 However there are some mitigatory features which require a second look at the length of}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6636146  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1720868\charrsid331437 the custodial sentence. The appellant had readily and promptly stopped and taken the victims to hospital showing concern and remorse.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1720868 

\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6636146\charrsid331437 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1720868\charrsid331437 The accident occurred at about 7 a.m.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6636146  and there does not appear }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1720868\charrsid331437 to have been much traffic on the road. The high speed at which the vehicle was driven cannot therefore by itself be regarded as the cause of the accident. I al
so take into account the good character of the appellant and his prompt plea of guilt.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1720868 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6636146\charrsid331437 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1720868\charrsid331437 Taking into consideration all the circumstances of}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6636146  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1720868\charrsid331437 
the case I set aside the sentence of 12 months' imprisonment and substitute therefor}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293667 e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1720868\charrsid331437  a sentence of 3 months' impriso
nment which, with the usual remission, will have entitled the appellant for release from prison on 17th June 1991.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1720868 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6636146\charrsid331437 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1720868\charrsid331437 As I have already granted bail to the appellant on the 19th June 1991 he need not now go back to prison.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1720868 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6636146\charrsid331437 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1720868\charrsid331437 So far as the period of disqualification for 2 years is concerned I do not think there are any grounds for me to interfere with the discretion exercised by the learned magistrate.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6636146  It will remain. The appellant'}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1720868\charrsid331437 s appeal against sentence succeeds to this extent.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1720868 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6636146\charrsid331437 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1720868\charrsid331437 (}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1720868\charrsid6636146 Appeal partly allowed; sentence varied}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1720868\charrsid331437 )}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6636146\charrsid331437 
\par }}