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\qr \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16010722 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16010722 [1991] 37 FLR 113}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16010722\charrsid16010722 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16010722 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16010722\charrsid16010722 
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\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9912699 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9912699\charrsid16010722 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9912699 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15755622 v}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9912699\charrsid16010722 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9912699 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9912699\charrsid16010722 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9912699 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4522708 MINISTER OF IMMIGRATION}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15755622 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15755622 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15755622 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9912699 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4522708 ex parte}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15755622 
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9912699 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9912699\charrsid16010722 SYDNEY WRIGHT
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9912699 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9912699\charrsid16010722 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9912699 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9912699\charrsid16010722 [HIGH COURT,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15426492\charrsid16010722  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9912699\charrsid16010722 1991 (Byrne J), 21 November]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9912699 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16010722 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16010722 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16010722 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16010722\charrsid16010722 Civil Jurisdiction
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\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 Immigration}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9912699\charrsid16010722  -}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722  whether}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9912699\charrsid16010722  }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 Mini}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9912699\charrsid16010722 
ster obliged to give reasons for refusing to renew }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 a work permit.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9912699 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9912699\charrsid16010722 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15755622 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 Judicial review}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9912699\charrsid16010722  -}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722  whether s}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9912699\charrsid16010722 tay or injunctive relief are available against the }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 State }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9912699\charrsid16010722 - State (Crown) Proceedings Act (Cap 24) Section 15.}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9912699 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9912699\charrsid16010722 
\par The Applicant sought j}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 udici}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9912699\charrsid16010722 al}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15426492\charrsid16010722 
 review of a decision of the Minister of immigration }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 not to renew his work pe}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15426492\charrsid16010722 
rmit. After leave was granted the Minister questioned}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722  whether the interim stay }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15426492\charrsid16010722 
amounted to an injunction against the state. The }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 Minister also questioned wh}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15426492\charrsid16010722 
ether he was obliged to give reasons for his decision.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722  The High Court HELD: (1) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15426492\charrsid16010722 
that in the circumstances the stay did not contravene }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 the restriction on granting }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15426492\charrsid16010722 
an injunction against the state and (2) the Minister }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 was obliged to give reason}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15426492\charrsid16010722 
s to the Applicant for his refusal to extend his work permit.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15426492\charrsid16010722 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 Cases cited:
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15426492\charrsid16010722 
\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 Cannook Chase D. C. v K}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15426492\charrsid16010722 elly}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15426492\charrsid16010722 
 [1978] 1 WLR 1
\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15426492\charrsid16010722 Crystal Clear Vi}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 deo Ltd v}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15426492\charrsid16010722 .}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722  }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15426492\charrsid16010722 Commissioner of Police & }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 
The Attorney}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9912699\charrsid16010722 -}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 Gene}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15426492\charrsid16010722 ral}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15426492\charrsid16010722  (C.A. 331/1988)
\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 Factortame Limited v Sec}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15426492\charrsid16010722 retary of State for Transport}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722  (No}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15426492\charrsid16010722 . 1) [1989] }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 2 }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15426492\charrsid16010722 All ER 692
\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 McInnes v Onslow}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9912699\charrsid16010722 -}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 Fane}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15426492\charrsid16010722 [1978] 1 WLR 1520.
\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 Minister of Foreign Affa}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9710954\charrsid16010722 irs Trade & Industry v Vehicles &}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722  Supplies Ltd & A}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9710954\charrsid16010722 nr}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9710954\charrsid16010722  [1991] WLR 550

\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 Public Service Board }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9710954\charrsid16010722 of New South Wales v Osmond}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9710954\charrsid16010722  (1985/1986)159 CLR 656
\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 Pu}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6366801\charrsid16010722 hl}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 hofer & Anr v Hillin}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6366801\charrsid16010722 gdon London Borough Council}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6366801\charrsid16010722  [1986] 1 All ER 467
\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 Pushpa Wati Sharma a}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6366801\charrsid16010722 nd the Public Service Commission}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6366801\charrsid16010722  (Suva JR 5/89)
\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 R. v Gaming Board for}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6366801\charrsid16010722  Great Britain ex parte Benaim and Khaida}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6366801\charrsid16010722 [}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 1970}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6366801\charrsid16010722 ] 2 Q.B. 417}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 
\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6366801\charrsid16010722 R}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16010722 .}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6366801\charrsid16010722 
 v Minister of Housing & Local Government ex parte Chichester Rural District Council}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6366801\charrsid16010722  [1960] 1 WLR}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8941251\charrsid16010722  587}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6366801\charrsid16010722 
\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8941251\charrsid16010722 R}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16010722 .}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8941251\charrsid16010722  
v Secretary of State for Education and Science ex parte Avon County Council}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8941251\charrsid16010722  [1991] 1 All ER 282
\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8941251\charrsid16010722 R}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16010722 .}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8941251\charrsid16010722 
 v Secretary of state for the Home department ex parte Swati}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8941251\charrsid16010722  [1986] 1 All ER 717
\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8941251\charrsid16010722 Ralph Rakhinand Premdas v The Independent State of Papua New Guinea}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8941251\charrsid16010722  [1979] G. L. R. 329
\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8941251\charrsid16010722 Regina v. Secretary of State for Home Department & Anr ex parte: Herbage}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8941251\charrsid16010722  [1986] WLR 504
\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8941251\charrsid16010722 Regina v Secretary of State for Transport ex parte Factortame Ltd & Ors}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8941251\charrsid16010722  (No. 2) 3 WLR 818
\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5660523\charrsid16010722 Ridge v. Baldwin}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5660523\charrsid16010722  [1964] A.C. 40
\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5660523\charrsid16010722 Schmidt v Secretary of State, Home Affairs}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5660523\charrsid16010722  [1969] 23 Ch. 149
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5660523 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5660523\charrsid16010722 State v Minister for Foreign Affairs ex parte Tam Suk Chong Tammie}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5660523\charrsid16010722  (JR 17/89)
\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5660523\charrsid16010722 State v Minister for Immigration ex parte Mo Xing Bo Suva}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5660523\charrsid16010722  (JR 26/91)
\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5660523\charrsid16010722 State v Police Service Commission ex parte Romanu Tikotikoca}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5660523\charrsid16010722  (JR 21/90)
\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5660523\charrsid16010722 Yan Xiao Qiu v Director for Immigration}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5660523\charrsid16010722  JR 32/90
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5660523 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15755622 Interlocutory application in the High Court
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15755622\charrsid16010722 
\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5660523\charrsid16010722 J. Howard}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5660523\charrsid16010722  for the Applicant
\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5660523\charrsid16010722 N. Nand}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5660523\charrsid16010722  for the Respondent
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx1584\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9912699 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5660523\charrsid16010722 Byrne J:
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5660523\charrsid16010722 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 This applicati}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8262813\charrsid16010722 on}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9912699\charrsid16010722  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 for Judicial Review in the form of Certiorar}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8262813\charrsid16010722 i and Mandamus raises among oth}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 er things an important question as to whether }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8262813\charrsid16010722 a Minister can be obliged to giv}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 e reasons for refusing an application by an interested person for a particular }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8262813\charrsid16010722 p}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 urpose, in this case fo}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8262813\charrsid16010722 r the extension of a wo}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 rk permit.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8262813\charrsid16010722 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9912699 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 The matter }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8262813\charrsid16010722 original
ly come before me on the 8th of February 1991 when I granted the Applicant leave to apply for Judicial Review of the decision of the Director of Immigration not to extend the work permit which had been issued by the Department of Immigration to the Applic
ant on the 12th of June 1989. I have not yet heard the substantive motion for Judicial Review because on the 5th of March 1991 counsel }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5602763\charrsid16010722 
for the Respondent raised three preliminary issues for decision of the Court before the substantive motion is dealt with. The Order which I made on the 8th of February 1991 was that the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid278705\charrsid16010722 
y}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5602763\charrsid16010722  should issue:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8262813\charrsid16010722 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5602763\charrsid16010722 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5602763 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5602763\charrsid16010722 (a) Certiorari }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 
directed to the Minister for Immigration for the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5602763\charrsid16010722 purpose }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 of quashing the purported decision of the Minister }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5602763\charrsid16010722 d}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5602763\charrsid16010722 nying the}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722  Applicant's appeal a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5602763\charrsid16010722 gainst an order refusing the Applicant\rquote s}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722  application for a renewal of the Applicant's work}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5602763\charrsid16010722  permit;}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5602763 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5602763\charrsid16010722 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5602763 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5602763\charrsid16010722 (b) Mandam}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 
us requiring the Minister to hear and determine }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5602763\charrsid16010722 according }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 to law the application of the Applicant for a renewal }
{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5602763\charrsid16010722 of the Ap}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 plicant's work permit; and
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9912699 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5602763\charrsid16010722 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5602763 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5602763\charrsid16010722 (c) Mandamus by way }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 
of interim relief that all proceedings in}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5602763\charrsid16010722  relation to the purported}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 
 refusal to renew the Applicant's work permit and the directive that he must stop working immediately be stayed until further order.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9912699 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5602763\charrsid16010722 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 The preliminary issues on whi}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5602763\charrsid16010722 ch the respondent seeks the Court\rquote s direction are these}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 :
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5124882\charrsid16010722 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5124882 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5124882\charrsid16010722 
(1) Whether the relief sought by the Applicant is injunctive relief against the Crown (State) and thus whether such relief can be granted.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5124882 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5124882\charrsid16010722 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5124882 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10954987\charrsid16010722 (2) Whether the Minister is o}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5124882\charrsid16010722 bliged to give the Applicant reasons for his refusal of the Applicant\rquote s appeal including whether the Minister is obliged to give the Applicant a}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10954987\charrsid16010722 n opportunity of making represent}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5124882\charrsid16010722 ations.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5124882 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5124882\charrsid16010722 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5124882 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10954987\charrsid16010722 (3) Whether an action of this nature is a suitable case for Judicial Review.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10954987 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10954987\charrsid16010722 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9912699 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 Before I consider these three issues I shall state briefly the facts.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10954987\charrsid16010722 
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 The Facts
\par }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10954987\charrsid16010722 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 The relevant facts are taken fr}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10954987\charrsid16010722 om the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 
affidavit of the Applicant sworn on the 5th of February 1991 and that of one Robert Patrick Hay who is the Managing Director of Wormald Fiji Limited, the current employer of the Applicant, and which was also sworn on the }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10954987\charrsid16010722 5th }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 of February 1991.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10954987\charrsid16010722 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 There is no dispute that the Ap}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10954987\charrsid16010722 plicant Mr. Sydney }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10055417\charrsid16010722 Wright is an expatriate, a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722  British citizen living in Fiji and }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10055417\charrsid16010722 accompanying his wife who is employed by the British Overseas }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 Development }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10055417\charrsid16010722 Division in the Pacific. On the 12th of June }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 1989 Mr. Wright was issued wi}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10055417\charrsid16010722 th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10055417\charrsid16010722 
a work permit by the Immigration Department, to work at Wormald Fiji Limited. The permit was effective from 31/5/89 until 31/5/90.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14579874\charrsid16010722 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 On the 19th of February 1990 the Applicant applied for an extension of his work permit. After some delay, }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14579874\charrsid16010722 in}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722  December of 1990 the Director of Immigration finally informed the Managing Director of Wormald Fiji Limited that no }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14579874\charrsid16010722 extension to Mr. Wright's work }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 permit would be granted. Thereafter an appeal }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14579874\charrsid16010722 was lodged with the Minister on the 11t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 h of December 1990. By letter of 14th }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14579874\charrsid16010722 of January 1991, the Director of Immigration informed the Managing Director of Wormald that the Minister f
or Immigration had decided to dismiss the appeal and the Applicant was to cease work immediately.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2700544 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 On the 12th of February 199l the Applicant through his solicitors filed a }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7477852\charrsid16010722 Judicial Review challenging the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722  decision of}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7477852\charrsid16010722  
}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 the Minister for Immigration. This}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7477852\charrsid16010722  Court granted leave to judicial review the decision and a stay. The precise}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2700544\charrsid16010722  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 terms of the latter order were: }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2302236 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 That the aforesaid grant of leave shall operate as a stay of proceedings in relation to the purported refusal to renew the Applicant's work permit
 and the directive that he must stop working immediately.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2302236 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 
 It is not disputed that the effect of granting a stay has been that the Applicant from the 12th day of February 1991 has continued in gainful employment despite the fact that he does not have a work permit. There is also no dispute b}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2700544\charrsid16010722 e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 tween the parties that the only way that the Applicant can legally work in this country (being a non}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9912699\charrsid16010722 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 
citizen) is by having a work permit. On this issue alone the Court is invited by the Respondent to immediately vacate its Stay Order.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2700544\charrsid16010722 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9912699 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 
Before considering the three preliminary issues it is desirable to amplify a little the facts which I have outlined above for they bear in my view on the answers the Court should give to the three questions.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2700544\charrsid16010722 
\par In his affidavit}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722  in support of the application for leave for Judicial Review Mr. Wright says }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2700544\charrsid16010722 t}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 
hat he is a fully qualified and experienced Security Officer trained by the Royal Marines in the United Kingdom. He had worked for eight years in top level security work with the British Government and atten}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2700544\charrsid16010722 ded many security training courses}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 . He has now had over fifteen years Managerial experi}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2700544\charrsid16010722 ence mainly in secur}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 
ity management in the United Kingdom and overseas. He arrived in Fiji on 28M of January 1989 with his wife, who as stated above is employed by the Britis}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2700544\charrsid16010722 h}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722  Development Division in the Pacific.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2700544\charrsid16010722 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 
On the 23rd f February 1989 he applied for the position of Operations Manager advertised in e Fiji Times by Wormald Security Services Limited, a subsidiary of his employer Wormald Fiji Limited. On 
the 13th of March 1989 he was offered the position of Operations Manager of }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2700544\charrsid16010722 Wormald }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 
Security Services Limited, subject to his obtaining a work permit from th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2700544\charrsid16010722 e Fiji Immigration Department.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2700544\charrsid16010722 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 On the 12th of June 1989 he was issued with a work permit to work for one year from 31st of May 1989 until 31st of May 1990.
\par 
\par Because his employer wished to retain Mr. Wright's services for a further year, on 19th of February 1990 he completed a new work permit application form which was sent to the Permanent Secretary, M
inistry of Home Affairs, Suva on the 6th of March 1990 accompanied by a letter of}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2700544\charrsid16010722  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 that}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2700544\charrsid16010722  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 
date from Mr. Robert Patrick Hay, Managing Director of Wormald Fiji Limited. In that letter Mr. Hay referred to the fact that the Applicant was the husband of a diplomat
 who had extended her posting in Fiji for a further two years and that Wormalds wished to utilise the Applicant's expertise for the period of his wife's extended posting. The letter stated that Wormalds Security employs some 500 guards throughout Fiji and
 provides securit}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16010722 y to American, Australia, Malay}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 
sian, UNDP and SPEC and many other organisations and with the exception of the Applicant employs all locals.
\par 
\par Mr. Hay said that the company had employed an understudy for Mr. Wright with the object of eventually replacing him and he believed that if}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2700544\charrsid16010722  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 the company were granted the extension it would be in a position to localise its entire security operation.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2700544\charrsid16010722 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 On the 25th of September 1990 the Immigration Department wrote to the Applicant about his application for extension of his work permit. Th}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2700544\charrsid16010722 e Department stated that they ha}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 d to seek the views of}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2700544\charrsid16010722  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 the Department of Foreign Affairs which the Immigration Department the
n quoted in its reply to Mr. Wright as follows:
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2700544\charrsid16010722 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2700544 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2302236 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 
Both enjoy diplomatic privileges and immunities by virtue of their spouses' positions as diplomats in their respective embassies.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9912699 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2700544\charrsid16010722 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2700544 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 It should be borne in mind however that in granting them permits to engage 
in gainful private employment the following points shou}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2700544\charrsid16010722 ld be taken into consideration:-}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9912699 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2700544\charrsid16010722 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid2700544 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2700544\charrsid16010722 (a) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 
that all the ;diplomatic privileges and immunities they currently enjoy will be withdrawn while they are so employed in Fiji,
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9912699 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2700544\charrsid16010722 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid2700544 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2700544\charrsid16010722 (b) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 
that all the laws of Fiji would apply to them as if they are Fiji' citizens or permanent residents of Fiji, including relevant labour and taxation laws,
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2700544 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2700544\charrsid16010722 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid2700544 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2700544\charrsid16010722 (c) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 
that they will not be depriving Fiji nationals or}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2700544\charrsid16010722  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 permanent residen}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2700544\charrsid16010722 ts of employment opportunities.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2700544 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2700544\charrsid16010722 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2700544 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 
It should also be borne in mind that in granting such permits you should advise this ministry so that it can process the withdrawal }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2700544\charrsid16010722 of their privileges and immunities.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2302236 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2700544\charrsid16010722 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2700544 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2700544\charrsid16010722 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16010722 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 The letter then continued:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1788200 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1788200\charrsid16010722 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16010722 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2302236 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 
As Immigration sees it (c) above has no validity due to the nature of the work but (a) and (b) are areas where your good self could advise us your decision so as to assist us with our deliberations and Foreign Affairs with their necessary action.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2302236 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9912699 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 
\par On 9th of October 1990 Wormald Fiji Limited wrote to the Immigra
tion Department in response to its letter to the Applicant of 25th of September. The company pointed out that Mr. Wright had been previously issued with a work permit in 1989 without any question being raised concerning his diplomatic privileges. The lett
er further said that Wormald was soon to become a fully localised company and that it was vitally important for it to continue to employ Mr. Wright in the immediate future to assist it over }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2302236 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 this initially difficult}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1788200\charrsid16010722  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 period}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2302236 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 . The company requested re}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9912699\charrsid16010722 -}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 consideration of Mr. Wright's position.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1788200\charrsid16010722 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 
On 5th of December 1990 Immigration wrote to Wormald Fiji Limited advising that the Applicant's application for extension of his work permit had not been approved and that he would have to cease work within 14 days.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1788200\charrsid16010722 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 Follo
wing this letter Wormalds through its Managing Director, Mr. Hay appealed to the Immigration Department against its decision, to a large extent restating the reasons it had given earlier for seeking an extension of the Applicant's permit.
\par 
\par On 14th of January 1991 the Director of Immigration wrote to Wormald Fiji Limited as follows:
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1788200\charrsid16010722 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1788200 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2302236 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 
I regret to advise that the Minister for Immigration has decided}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1788200\charrsid16010722  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 
to dismiss your petition of appeal dated 11. 12.90.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1788200\charrsid16010722 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1788200 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1788200\charrsid16010722 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1788200 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 Mr. Weight's work permit will thus not be extended any further}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1788200\charrsid16010722  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 and he must stop working for you immediately.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2302236 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9912699 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1788200\charrsid16010722 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16010722 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1788200\charrsid16010722 It }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 is on these facts that the A}
{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1788200\charrsid16010722 pplicant seeks Judicial Review.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1788200 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1788200\charrsid16010722 
\par }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 Submissions of Counsel and the Law
\par }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1788200\charrsid16010722 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 The first question on which leave is sought is whether the relief sought by the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1788200\charrsid16010722  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 
Applicant is injunctive against the State and, if so whether such relief can be granted. To answer this question involves a consideration of a number of cases including two decisions of my own namely }{
\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 State }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1788200\charrsid16010722 v. Minister for Foreign Affairs,}{
\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722  Ex}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9912699\charrsid16010722 -}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 parte:}{
\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16010722  }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 Tam Suk Chon}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16010722  }{
\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 & Tammie}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1788200\charrsid16010722  Judicial Review No. }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 117 of 1989 and }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 St}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1788200\charrsid16010722 
ate v. Minister for Immigration,}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722  E}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1788200\charrsid16010722 x parte: Mo Xing}{
\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722  Bo}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1788200\charrsid16010722 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 
 Judicial Review No. 21 of 1990 and a decision}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1788200\charrsid16010722  of my brother Jayaratne J. in }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1788200\charrsid16010722 
Yan Xiao Qiu and Director for Immigration}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 , Judicial Review No. 32 of 1990, an}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1788200\charrsid16010722 d four decisions of the English }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 Courts, }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 Factortame Limited}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1788200\charrsid16010722  (No. 1) [1989]
}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8217204\charrsid16010722  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 2 All E.R. 692, }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 Regina v. Secr}{
\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1788200\charrsid16010722 etary of State for Transpo}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 rt,}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9912699\charrsid16010722  }{
\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1788200\charrsid16010722 Ex-}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 parte: Factortame Limited and}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1788200\charrsid16010722 
 Others}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8217204\charrsid16010722  (No. 2) [1990] }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 3 WLR 818, }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 
R v. Secretary of S}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16010722 tate for Education and Science,}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722  Ex}{
\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9912699\charrsid16010722 -}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15546668\charrsid16010722 parte: }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 Avon County Council}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722  1 All E.R. 282 and the decision of the Privy Council in }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 Minister of Foreign Affairs, T}{
\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15546668\charrsid16010722 rade and Industry v. Vehicles and Supplies Li}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 mited and Another}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16010722  [1991]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722  WLR 550.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9912699 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 
\par In }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 Factortame}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 
 (No. 1) the House of Lords held that an injunction does not lie against the Crown in England in matters involving purely domestic law.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15546668\charrsid16010722 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 In }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 Factortame}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 
 (No. 2) a similarly constituted bench of the House of Lords held that where a rule of English law is in c
onflict with a provision of the European Economic Community law involving persons coming within the jurisdiction of the English Courts, on an application for interim relief the rule of domestic law must give way to that of the Community law if the rule of
 Domestic or National law was the only obstacle precluding an English Court from granting such}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15546668\charrsid16010722  i}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 nterim relief.

\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15546668\charrsid16010722 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15546668 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15546668\charrsid16010722 In my second ruling in }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15546668\charrsid16010722 
Tammie}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15546668\charrsid16010722  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 delivered on 31st of August 19891 followed }{
\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 Factortame}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid4522708  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 
(No. 1). In a subsequent ruling which I gave on 7th of August 1990 in Judicial Review No. 21 of 1990, }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 Mo Xing Bo}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15546668\charrsid16010722 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722  I said at page 16 of the report that even if I had not been referred to }{
\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 Factortame}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722  (No. 1) 1 would nevertheless not have followed the decision of Mr. Justice Hodgson in}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15546668\charrsid16010722  }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15546668\charrsid16010722 Regina }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 v}{
\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15546668\charrsid16010722 .}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722  Secretary of State for Homes }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15546668\charrsid16010722 
Department and Another,}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722  Ex}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9912699\charrsid16010722 -}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15546668\charrsid16010722 
name: Herbag}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16010722  [}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 
1986] WLR 504 on the ground that the relevant section of the English Crown Proceedings Act on which Mr. Justice Hodgson relied in holding that an injunction could lie against the Crown had no exact counterpart in Fiji. The House of Lords in}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9912699\charrsid16010722  }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15546668\charrsid16010722 Factort}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 am}{
\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15546668\charrsid16010722 e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722  (No. 1) overruled }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 Herbage's}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722  case.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15546668\charrsid16010722 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9912699 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 In his reply to the submissions of counsel for the Respondent, counsel for the Applicant states that }{
\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 Fac}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15546668\charrsid16010722 tortame}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 ,}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15546668\charrsid16010722  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 (No. 2) is authority for the proposition that in certain circumst
ances an injunction may lie against the Crown and he invites this Court to so rule, taking particular account of the fact that Fiji is no longer a member of he Commonwealth, has severed its links with the Crown, and that in the circumstances of this case 
it is absurd to refuse to recognise that in some circumstances an injunction may lie against the State. I can see some force in this submission because as Professor Wade says in the Fifth Edition of his }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 Administrative Law}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722  at page 517 when criticising the rule, }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2302236 "
}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 Interim relief may be just as necessary against the Crown as against any other party}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2302236 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 .
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15546668\charrsid16010722 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 With respect however I disagree with the submiss
ion for a number of reasons. First, it is not true as counsel for the Applicant stated at page 4 of his first submissions that the House of Lords had re}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9912699\charrsid16010722 -}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 appraised its original }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1669048\charrsid16010722 Facto}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 rtame}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722  ruling by its decision in }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1669048\charrsid16010722 Fact}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 ortame}
{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722  (No. 2). As I have said above }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 Factortame}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722  (No. 2) must be read in the light of the peculiar position of England now as a member of the European Economic Community. Indeed as Lord Bridge said at page 857 of [1990] 3 WLR:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid541010 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2302236 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15546668\charrsid16010722 
Some public comments on the decision of the European Court of Justi
ce, affirming the jurisdiction of the courts of member states to override national legislation if necessary to enable i9 relief to be granted in protection of rights under Community law, have suggested that this was a novel and dangerous invasion by a Com
munity institution of the sovereignty of the United Kingdom Parliament. But such comments are based on a misconception.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2302236 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15546668\charrsid16010722 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15546668 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid541010\charrsid16010722 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15546668\charrsid16010722 His Lordship continues a little later at letter G:
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid541010\charrsid16010722 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid541010 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2302236 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15546668\charrsid16010722 
Thus, whatever limitation of its sovereignty Parliament accepted when it enacted t
he European Communities Act 1972 was entirely voluntary. Under the terms of the Act of 1972 it has always been clear that it was the duty of a United Kingdom court, when delivering final judgment, to override any rule of national law}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid541010\charrsid16010722  found to be in conflict with any directly enforceable rule of Community law.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2302236 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid541010\charrsid16010722 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9912699 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid541010\charrsid16010722 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 These considerations do not apply to Fiji and even if I was so inclined, as a single judge of this Court I would not be prepared to }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2302236 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 embark on a crusade of my own}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2302236 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722  in the light of the two decisions o\'a3 the House of Lords in }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 Factortame}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722  and, even more so, because of Section 15 of the Crown Proceedings Act Cap. 24. I therefore reject this submission by the Applicant.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid541010\charrsid16010722 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 However that does not end the matter for the Applicant. It is true as counsel for the Re
spondent states that the effect of my granting the order for stay in this case has meant that the Applicant from the 12th day of Februa}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid541010\charrsid16010722 ry 1991 has continued in gainful}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722  employment despite the fact that he no longer has a work permit. For this reason the Res
pondent invites this Court to vacate its Stay Order. At first glance there is a certain logical appeal in this argument but I am satisfied on reflection that I should not accept it. I consider it wrong to criticise the Applicant for taking advantage of a 
situation for which he should not be held responsible, namely for what really is a result of the due processes of the law. He is perfectly }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid541010\charrsid16010722 entitled as a member of the comm}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 unity to seek any legal remedy which may be open to him. He has sought and been grante
d interim relief and it is nothing to the point that as a result of being granted such relief he has been able to remain in employment much longer than if he had not requested this Court's assistance.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid541010\charrsid16010722 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 Had I been able to give this ruling earlier I may well
 have refused his application for the relief which ,'I have given him to date but because of pressure of work involving a number of cases raising important questions of law I have not been able to do so.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid541010\charrsid16010722 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 Since argument concluded in this case I have had to consider two later English decisions namely }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 
R. v. Secretary of State for Education and Science}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid541010\charrsid16010722 ,}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2451792  Ex}{
\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722  parte Avon County Council}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid541010\charrsid16010722 
[1991] 1 All E.R 282 and }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid541010\charrsid16010722 Mi}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 n}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid541010\charrsid16010722 i}{
\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 ster of For}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid541010\charrsid16010722 eign Affairs, Trade and Industr}{
\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3418523\charrsid16010722 y,}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid541010\charrsid16010722  }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2451792 V}{
\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid541010\charrsid16010722 ehicles and Suppl}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 ies Limited and Another}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722  [ 1991] WLR 550. I discussed those cases in a ruling which I gave on 4th of N}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3418523\charrsid16010722 ovember 1991 in Judicial Review}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722  No. 26 of 1991, }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 State v}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3418523\charrsid16010722 
. Police Service Commission, Ex-}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 parte: Romanu Tikotikoca}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 .
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3418523\charrsid16010722 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 Neither of the latter two cases was cited to me during argument in the present case, possibly because they were not then available. I discussed them on pages 4 to 7 of my ruling in }{
\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3418523\charrsid16010722 Romanu Tikotik}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 oca.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 
 Thus at page 5 I quote from the judgment of Glidewell L. J, in the }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 Avon County Council case}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722  [1991}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2451792 ] }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 1 All E.R. 282 at pages 285 and 286 where he said this:
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14055116\charrsid16010722 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14055116 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2302236 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 It should be noted, however, that in the }{
\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 Factortame Ltd}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 
 case their Lordships were not concerned with, and did not consider, the power of the court to stay a decision made by an officer of the Crown under Ord 53, r 3(19) (a). On this issue the views expressed}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14055116\charrsid16010722  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 by Woolf and Taylor LJJ in the }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 
Smith Kline v. French Laboratories}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722  case, though obiter, remain unaffected by the decision in the }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 
Factortame Ltd}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722  case.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2302236 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14055116 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14055116\charrsid16010722 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx1008\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9912699 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 Then towards the bottom of page 6 of my ruling I quote from Lord Oliver in of }{
\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid2451792 Foreign Affairs}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2451792\charrsid2451792 ,}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid2451792  Trade and Industry v}
{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2451792\charrsid2451792 .}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid2451792  Vehicles and Supplies L}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14055116\charrsid2451792 
td, and Another}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722  [1991] WLR 550 at page 556 when he said:
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14055116\charrsid16010722 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14055116 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2302236 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 A stay of proceedings is an order w
hich puts a stop to the further conduct of proceedings in court or before a tribunal at the stage which they have reached, the object being to avoid the hearing or trial taking place.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9912699 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14055116\charrsid16010722 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14055116 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 It simply means that the relevant court or tribunal cannot, whilst the 
stay endures, effectively entertain any further proceedings except for the purpose of lifting the stay and that, in general, anything done, prior to the lifting of the stay will be ineffective.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2302236 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9912699 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14055116\charrsid16010722 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx6480\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9912699 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 In his ruling in }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2451792 Yan Xiao Q}{
\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 iu and Director f}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14055116\charrsid16010722 or}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722  Immigration}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722  J
udicial Review No. 32 of 1990 Jayaratne J. held that the relief sought by the Applicant was injunctive and therefore not available because of Section 15 of the Crown Proceedings Act Cap. 24. His Lordship followed my own rulings in }{
\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 Mo}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9912699\charrsid16010722  }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14055116\charrsid16010722 X}{
\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 in}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14055116\charrsid16010722 g}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722  Bo}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722  (supra) and the decision of Fatiaki J. in }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14055116\charrsid16010722 Crystal}{
\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722  Clear Video Limited v. Commissioner of Police and the Attorney}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9912699\charrsid16010722 -}{
\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 General of Fiji}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722  C.A. 331/1988.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14055116\charrsid16010722 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9912699 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 Again in my brother's ruling in Judicial Review No. 5 of 1989 in the matter of }{
\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 Pushpa Wati Sha}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14055116\charrsid16010722 r}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 m}{
\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14055116\charrsid16010722 a}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722  end the Public Service Commission}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 
 His Lordship held that the relief claimed by the Applicant in that case although nominally a Stay Order was really in the nature of an injunction.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2517716\charrsid16010722 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 In that case the Applicant had been appointed a Head Te
acher of a school. While she was acting as Head Teacher the Public Service Commission appointed another person to act as Head Teacher of the school. The Applicant was given leave for Judicial Review and a Stay Order was made by His Lordship against the Pu
blic Service Commission in these terns:
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2517716\charrsid16010722 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2517716 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2302236 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 
It is further ordered that all matters pertaining to the transfer and or appointment a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15755622 s the Head Teacher of Vasist Muni}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 
 Memorial School be stayed and it is further ordered that the applicant continue to act as the Head Teacher of Vasist Muni Memorial School until further order of this Honourable Court.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2302236 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9912699 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2517716\charrsid16010722 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2451792 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 On a motion to set aside his order His Lordship stated at page 5 of his judgment:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9912699 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2451792 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2302236 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 It is generally acce}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2517716\charrsid16010722 pted that an order of the type I}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722  have made in this case which
 is now in issue has the force of an injunction. The Public Service Commission is an organ of the executive and is}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2517716\charrsid16010722  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 very much a part of the state. I therefore agree with the counsel for the Defendant that an injunction and order for specific performance could not be made against the state.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2302236 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9912699 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2517716\charrsid16010722 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 It was partly for this reason that His Lordship dissolved the Stay Order and His Lordship's other reason for dissolving the stay is irrelevant here.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2517716\charrsid16010722 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 Two comments may be made about His Lordship's decision, first, that it
 may be distinguished on the facts from the facts in the present case and secondly, that at the time his ruling was given namely on the 26th of July 1990 the decision of th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2517716\charrsid16010722 
e Court of Appeal in the }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2517716\charrsid16010722 Avon Co}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 unt}{
\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2517716\charrsid16010722 y Co}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 uncil}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 
 case had not been reported, nor had the remarks of Lord Oliver in the }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 Vehicles and Supplies}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2517716\charrsid16010722  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 case [1991}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2517716\charrsid16010722 ] }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 WLR 550.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2517716\charrsid16010722 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 Had those decisions been brought to my brother Judge's notice it is possible that he would}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2517716\charrsid16010722 
 not have ruled as he did in }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2517716\charrsid16010722 Pushpa Wati Sharma}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2517716\charrsid16010722 .}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 
 For my part, with respect I find the remarks of Glidewell L.J., speaking for the whole court most compelling. On the facts of the present case as they are known at the moment in my judgment }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2517716\charrsid16010722 the effect of my order of the 8}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 th of February is that the decisio
n of the Minister for Immigration against the Applicant is not to take effect until the challenge by the Applicant has finally been determined.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2517716\charrsid16010722 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 For these reasons I hold that the relief sought by the Applicant in this case is not injunctive against the Cro
wn (State) and that it accordingly can be granted in the circumstances of this case. I also hold however, as now being beyond doubt, that in Fiji injunctive relief does not lie against the State.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2517716\charrsid16010722 
\par }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2517716\charrsid16010722 Qu}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 estion Two
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2517716\charrsid16010722 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 Is the Minister obliged to give the Applicant
 reasons for his refusal of the Applicant's request for a work permit and his refusal of the Applicant's appeal; including is the Minister obliged to give the Applicant an opportunity of making representations?
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2517716\charrsid16010722 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 It is true as counsel for the Respondent states that at the moment this issue is merely academic. No Court Order has been made by inter}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9912699\charrsid16010722 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 
partes Summons that the Respondent file an Affidavit in Reply and that anything I am about to say in answer to this question may have to be revised later after a fu
ll trial. However both counsel have made comprehensive submissions on this question and therefore the Court's answer should attempt to be at least as comprehensive.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2517716\charrsid16010722 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx2880\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2517716 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 The general principle of the common law has always been that there is no general rule of l
aw that bodies subject to Judicial Review are obliged to give reasons for their decisions. Various exceptions have been made to this principle over the years one of them being that once an authority subject to the process of Judicial Review goes into the 
reasons for making a particular decision then those reasons are examinable }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9912699\charrsid16010722 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2517716\charrsid16010722  see }{
\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2517716\charrsid16010722 R. v. Minister of Housing}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722  and Local Government, Ex}{
\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9912699\charrsid16010722 -}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 parte: Chich}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2517716\charrsid16010722 este}{
\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 r Rural District Council}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2451792  [}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2517716\charrsid16010722 1960] }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 1 WLR 587.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2517716\charrsid16010722  \lquote }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 
I think it fair to say that at the presen
t time there is an observable change in the attitudes of the courts, legal text book writers and other legal commentators conversant with the problem that reasons for decisions should, now wherever possible, be given. Before referring to some of these I s
hall mention a number of cases relied on by the Respondent in opposing the claim by the Applicant that he should be given reasons for his refusal by the Minister. The first of these is the leading Papua New Guinea case }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid4522708 of }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 Ralph Rakhinand Premdas v. The I}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2517716\charrsid16010722 nde
pendent State of Papua New Guinea}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722  [1979] P.N.G.L.R. 329. This case was a sequel to the so}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9912699\charrsid16010722 -}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 called Rooney case in Papua New Guinea in 1979 which led to the resignation of most of the Judges of Papua New Guinea at that time. The Rooney case was concerned with
 contempt of court by the then}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1273326\charrsid16010722  Minister for Justice Mrs. Nahau}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 
 Rooney, the facts of which are not relevant here. When this matter first cam before me I drew the attention of counsel to the }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid2451792 Premdas}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722  case and invited their comments on it, neither of them then having any knowledge of the decision. The re}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1273326\charrsid16010722 
levance of the decision in }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1273326\charrsid16010722 Premdas}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1273326\charrsid16010722  to the instant case is that in}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722  it the Judges of the Supreme Court of Papua New Guinea considered at some length decisions of various superior courts on the question of whether 
a Minister of State on facts similar to those in }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 Pr}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1273326\charrsid16010722 emdas}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9912699\charrsid16010722  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 could be compelled to give reasons}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2451792  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 for any decision adversely affecting a citizen or number of the public. I shall not prefer in this ruling to all those cases because first it would take too long an
d secondly the facts in }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1273326\charrsid16010722 Premdas}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1273326\charrsid16010722  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 
can be distinguished from in those in this case. Briefly the facts in }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 Premdas}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 
 were that Dr. Premdas was an American citizen who was a lecturer at the University of Papua New Guinea under contract which was to run until 1982 
and who had been requested by the then Minister for Primary Industry to assist with the running of his Department.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9912699\charrsid16010722  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 It was not in dispute that in the course of his assisting the Minister, Dr. Premdas had obtained access to classified material and had interf
ered in the running of the Department of Primary Industry despite the express wishes of the Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea at the time. The Supreme Court found `that a serious situation had arisen as a result of Dr. Premdas' access to confidential doc
uments and this led to the revocation by the Government of Papua New Guinea of Dr. Premdas' permit to enter Papua New Guinea.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1273326\charrsid16010722 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9912699 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 
He then applied under the Migration Act to have the Notice of Revocation reviewed by a Committee of Review. The Committee reviewed
 the Minister's decision and considered written submissions made by Dr. Premdas together with those of some ten other individuals and bodies. Dr. Premdas attended at the time and place fixed for the meeting of the Committee of Review but was not allowed t
o appear before it nor apparently was anyone else.
\par 
\par The decision of the Committee was conveyed to the doctor by the Secretary of the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade by letter part of which read as follows:
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1273326\charrsid16010722 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1273326 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2302236 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1273326\charrsid16010722 The Commit}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1273326\charrsid16010722 ee}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722  of Re}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1273326\charrsid16010722 view carefu}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 lly }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1273326\charrsid16010722 
considered your application and }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 all submissions from other parties. After lengthy deliberation, the Committee decided to up}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9912699\charrsid16010722 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 
hold the revocation of your entry permit. Whilst your competence as a political scientist was not questioned, the Committee was of t
he view that you interfered unduly in administrative and technical matters outside of your particular expertise within the Department of Primary Industry. At various times during the course of your attendance upon the Minister for Primary industry, you wo
uld have had access to matters which would mean a conflict of interest with respect to your role as a university lecturer.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2302236 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9912699 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1273326\charrsid16010722 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 Shortly after receiving this letter Dr. Premdas brought an action against the Government of Papua New Guinea, the Minister for Forei
gn Affairs and Trade and the Committee of Review seeking a declaration inter alia that he had been denied natural justice by all the defendants. Because the case raised important constitutional questions it was referred for hearing to a full bench of}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1273326\charrsid16010722  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 the Supreme Court of Papua New Guinea.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1273326\charrsid16010722 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 In the course of their various judgments the Judges considered among other things the question of whether there had been an i}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1273326\charrsid16010722 nfringement as against Dr. Premdas of the principle }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2302236 "}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1273326\charrsid16010722 audi}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722  alteram partem}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2302236 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722  of his right to be hea
rd or make representations. The court held that no such rights had been violated and}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1273326\charrsid16010722  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 
in the course of so doing reviewed many of the authorities dealing with the rights of a person affected by an executive decision to be heard and state his}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1273326\charrsid16010722  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 case. After cons
idering these cases, all of which are distinguishable on their facts from the instant case, the court held that the decision affecting Dr. Premdas was administrative and not judicial and that therefore he had not been denied any right of natural justice b
y the refusal of the Committee and the Minister to allow him to make any representations.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1273326\charrsid16010722 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx3456\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9912699 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 It must be emphasised that in }{
\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 Prem}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1273326\charrsid16010722 das}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9912699\charrsid16010722  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 the principal allegation against the applicant was that he was interfering in the functions of government and giving himself acc
ess to classified matter; no such allegations are made against Mr. Wright, at least so far.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1273326\charrsid16010722 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx1728\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9912699 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 In }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 Schmidt v. Sec}{
\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1273326\charrsid16010722 retary of State,}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722  Home A}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1273326\charrsid16010722 ffairs}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1273326\charrsid16010722  [1969] }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 
2 Ch. 149 Lord Denning M.R. removed the distinction between administrative and judicial acts when he stated at page 170:
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1273326\charrsid16010722 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\tx5760\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1273326 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2302236 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 But that distinction is no }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1273326\charrsid16010722 longer valid. The speeches in }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1273326\charrsid16010722 Ridge}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9912699\charrsid16010722  }{
\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 v. B}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1273326\charrsid16010722 aldwin}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 
 [1964] A.C. 40 show that an administrative body may, in a proper case, be bound to give a person who is affected by their decision an opportunity of making representations. It all depends on whether he has some right or interest, or, I would add, some le
gitimate expectation, of which it would not be fair to deprive him without hearing what he has to say.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2302236 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9912699 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1273326 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 Two things may be said about the relevance of Lord Denning's remark to this}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13847731\charrsid16010722  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 case:
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13847731\charrsid16010722 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13847731 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13847731\charrsid16010722 (1) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 
That on the facts as they appear at the moment I do not consider 
that the Applicant may necessarily be said to have had a legitimate expectation that, assuming no change in the relevant circumstances from when the permit was first' issued, it would be renewed.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9912699 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13847731\charrsid16010722 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\tx1296\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13847731 {\fs24\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 (2)}{\fs24\insrsid9912699\charrsid16010722  }{\fs24\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 
Matters involving entry, expulsion and revocation of entry permits are in my view subject to their }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 own rules and principles, and not directly relevant here.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx1296\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13847731 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13847731\charrsid16010722 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9912699 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 
Three cases were cited by counsel for the Respondent to support the general rule of English law against the giving of reasons for administrative decisions namely }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 
R v Gaming Board for Great Britain ex parte Benaim and Khaida}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13847731\charrsid16010722  [1970] }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 2}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13847731\charrsid16010722  Q.B. 417; }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13847731\charrsid16010722 Cannock Chas. D.C. v.}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 
 Kelly}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13847731\charrsid16010722 [1978] }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2302236 1 WLR 1}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722  and }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 McInnes v Onslow}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9912699\charrsid16010722 -}{
\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13847731\charrsid16010722 Fan}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13847731\charrsid16010722  [1978]}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722  1WLR 1520.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13847731\charrsid16010722 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 These cases are also distinguishable on their facts from }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13847731\charrsid16010722 the present case and f}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 u}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13847731\charrsid16010722 r}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 
thermore they state again the general principle of the common law as at the time the decisions were given. The same comment may be made of all the other cases mentioned by counsel for the Respondent.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13847731\charrsid16010722 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 Since argument concluded in this case, in the course of my normal reading schedule I have noted the decision of Otton, J in }{
\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 R. v Civil Servic}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13847731\charrsid16010722 e Anneal Board ex parts Cunningha}{
\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 m}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 
 (1991) Administrative Law Reports 372 which arrived in the library of this Court on the 27th of September last. In that case on the 
particular facts Mr. Justice Otton held that the Civil Service Appeal Board should have given reasons' when assessing compensation for a civil servant who had been unfairly dismissed. In a judgment of 24 pages, His Lordship considered various cases most o
f which have been cited here and then quoted with approval from various authorities including Sir William Wade and Lord Justice Woolf. Because in my judgment they are most apposite to the facts of this case I quote some of them now first from }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 Administrative Law}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722  by Professor Wade (6th edition, 1988, p.547).
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13847731\charrsid16010722 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13847731 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2302236 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 
Nevertheless, there is a strong case to be made for the giving of reasons as an essential element for administrative justice. The need for it has been sharply exposed by the expanding law of judicial review, now that so many decisions are liable to be qua
s
hed or appealed against on ground of improper purpose, irrelevant considerations and errors of law of various kinds. Unless the citizen can discover the reasoning behind the decision, he may be unable to tell whether it is reviewable or not, and so he may
 be deprived of the protection of the law.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13847731\charrsid16010722 
 A right to reasons is therefore an indispensable part of a sound system of judicial review. Natural justice may provide the best rubric for it, since the giving of reasons is required by the ordinary man's sense of
 justice. It is also a healthy discipline for all who exercise power over others. No single factor has inhibited the development of English administrative law as seriously as the absence of any general obligation upon public authorities to give reasons fo
r their decisions.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2302236 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13847731\charrsid16010722 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13847731 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13847731\charrsid16010722 
\par Later, he states:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13847731 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2302236 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13847731\charrsid16010722 
A more enlightened doctrine prevails in the European Economic Community, where the council and the Commission are required to state the reasons for their regulations, directives and decisions. Although there is no ge
neral rule of law requiring the giving of reasons, an administrative authority may be unable to show that it has acted lawfully unless it explains itself.... Although there may be difficulties in formulating suitable rules and the arguments are not all on
 one side, there is no doubt that the lack of a general duty to give reasons is an outstanding deficiency of administrative law.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2302236 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13847731\charrsid16010722 

\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9912699 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13847731\charrsid16010722 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 Then at page 379 Mr. Justice Otton quoted a passage from the Justice All Souls Review of Administrative Law in the United Kingdom, entitled }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 Administrative Justice Some Necessary Reforms}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 , which was chaired by Sir Patrick Neill Q.C.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13847731\charrsid16010722 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 At page 71 Sir Patrick Neill stated the conclusions of the enquiry held by him:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13847731 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2302236 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 
We believe strongly that the arguments in favour of reasons are compelling and we reiterate the comment made in 1971 in the}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid2302236 JUSTICE}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722  Committee Re}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13847731\charrsid16010722 
port Administrative Law (p.23) \lquote }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 No single factor has i
nhibited the development of English administrative law as seriously as the absence of any general obligation upon public authorities to gi}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13847731\charrsid16010722 ve reasons for their decisions.\rquote }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722  It is generally believed that the quality of tribunal decision making has improved si
nce the imposition of the duty on tribunals in 1958. The same is true in the town and country planning field. We think that the fears of delay and expense are much exaggerated by the opponents of reasons. We record the fact that the respondents to our Dis
cussion Paper were almost unanimous in advocating the introduction of a duty to give reasons.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2302236 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9912699 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 
\par Finally His Lordship quoted a statement by Lord Justice Woolf who, in his capacity as a Fellow of University College London, delivered the 1989 Hamlyn lectures. At page 92, he states:
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13847731\charrsid16010722 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2698584 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2302236 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 
However, I regard the giving of satisfactory reasons for a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13847731\charrsid16010722  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 
decision as being the hallmark of good administration a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6307624\charrsid16010722 nd if I were to be asked to ide}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 
ntify the most beneficial imp}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6307624\charrsid16010722 rovement which could be made to }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 English administrative la
w I would unhesitatingly reply that it would be the introduction of a general requirement that reasons should normally be available, at least on request, for all administrative actions. The only exception which I would countenance is one to cover those fe
w
 situations where there is a compelling case for saying that the giving of reasons would be harmful in the public interest. Unless the reasons for a decision are known it may not be possible to tell whether it is fair or unfair, whether or not it is lawfu
l. If a member of the public does not know why a decision which affects him has been taken, he cannot have confidence in that decision. If reasons are given for a }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6307624\charrsid16010722 
decision and the member of the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 public can establish that the reasons disclose }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2302236 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 the decision is unlawful or unjust it is normally relatively simple for him to seek a remedy before the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6307624\charrsid16010722 
 courts or a tribunal. However,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722  it is not only the public who benefit and are protected by the requirement to give reasons. Administrators benefit as well. As any judge
 knows, the process of formulating reasons helps you to come to a correct decision. The need to give reasons imposes a discipline upon the decision}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9912699\charrsid16010722 -}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 maker, resulting in a better quality of decision. If satisfactory reasons for a proper decision are provided
, then this reduces the risk of a decision being challenged by judicial review.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2302236 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9912699 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2698584\charrsid16010722 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 At a later passage, he says this:
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2698584\charrsid16010722 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2698584 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2302236 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 
I would have hoped that the English courts would at least have stressed that in t
hose cases where there is no duty to give reasons, there is a discretion to give reasons, and that good administrative practice dictates that discretion should normally be exercised by the giving of reasons unless there is some explanation for not doing s
o.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2302236 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9912699 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2698584\charrsid16010722 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 
The Judge also commented on the decision of the High Court of Australia in Public Service Board of New South Wales v Osmond (1985/1986) 159 CLR 656 in which the court considered authoritative judicial precedents from England, Canada and New Zealand dea
ling with the matter in issue here.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2698584\charrsid16010722 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 In his judgment at pp.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2302236  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 675}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9912699\charrsid16010722 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 676 Deane J remarked:
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2698584\charrsid16010722 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2698584 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2302236 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 ..... the exercise of a decision}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9912699\charrsid16010722 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 making power in a way which adversely affects others is less l}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2698584\charrsid16010722 ikely to be, or to appear to be,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15287062\charrsid16010722  arbitrary if the decision-maker formulat
es and provides reasons for his decision. Nonetheless, the state has not been reached in this country where it is a general prima facie requirement of the common law rules of natural justice or procedural fair play that the administrative decision-maker, 
having extended }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16652758\charrsid16010722 to persons who might be adversely affected by a decision an}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1640734\charrsid16010722 
 adequate opportunity of being heard, is bound to furnish reasons for the exercise of a statutory decision-making power. To the contrary, the ordinary common law position remains tha
t established by the authorities referred to by the Chief Justice in his judgment, namely, that where, as a matter of ordinary construction, the relevant statutory provisions do not impose an obligation to give reasons, the rules of natural justice will n
ot remedy the omission.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2698584 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2698584\charrsid16010722 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9069603 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 The judgment of the (High Court of Australia is most persuasive and it is clear, }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15153697\charrsid16010722 as Mr. Justice Otton }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 remarked also, that the weight of judicial authority is }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9069603\charrsid16010722 such that it is not open to me }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 to find that there is a general duty to give reasons }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9069603\charrsid16010722 as a matter of adminis}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 trative fairness. However each case must be decided on }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9069603\charrsid16010722 its own facts and in }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 the present case after careful consideration I a}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9069603\charrsid16010722 m of the opinion that the Minister }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 should have given reasons to the Applicant for refusing}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9069603\charrsid16010722  to renew his work perm}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 it.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9912699\charrsid16010722  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 Like Mr. Justice Otton I do not wish to be seen as }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9069603\charrsid16010722 creating a precedent }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 but I consider the material in the present case warrants}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9069603\charrsid16010722  such a direction. This}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722  is because the Respondent appears to have given reasons }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9069603\charrsid16010722 for rejecting Mr. Wright\rquote s }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 Application in its letter of 25th of September 1990. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9069603\charrsid16010722 Presumably the Director of Immigration }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 was referring to Article 42 of the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9069603\charrsid16010722 Diplomatic Privileges }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 and Immunities Act Cap. 8 which reads as follows:
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9069603\charrsid16010722 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1011303 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2302236 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1011303\charrsid16010722 
A diplomatic agent shall not in the receiving State practise for personal profit any professional or commercial activity.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2302236 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1011303\charrsid16010722 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9912699 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1011303\charrsid16010722 
\par However, initially the Director seems to have ignored its relation to Mr. Wright for reasons which have not been given.
\par 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 I think it safe to pre}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1011303\charrsid16010722 
sume that the Applicant could not have been considered to constitute any security risk for this country for if he were I have little doubt}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722  that by now he woul}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1011303\charrsid16010722 d have been declared persona non-grata by the government.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722  In my judgment if }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16411713\charrsid16010722 these are the reasons then on which the Minister has based his }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 refusal to extend th}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16411713\charrsid16010722 e }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 Applicant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16411713\charrsid16010722 \rquote 
s permit then as a matter of natural justice, the Applicant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722  was enti}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16411713\charrsid16010722 
tle to have this confirmed. Further more as stated }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7554296\charrsid16010722 earlier if these are the reasons then, onc
e having been offered, there become examinable by the court. I therefore hold that in the circumstances of the present case and on the present material the Minister is obliged to give the Applicant reasons for his refusal to extend the Applicant\rquote 
s permit.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7554296\charrsid16010722 
\par The final question is whether this is a suitable case for Judicial Review. In my judgment it is.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5770954\charrsid16010722  I consider the Applicant has s}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7554296\charrsid16010722 u}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5770954\charrsid16010722 f}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7554296\charrsid16010722 ficient }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3153647\charrsid16010722 interest in the matter to warrant such review. I note that in }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3153647\charrsid16010722 
R v. Secretary of State for the Home Department ex parte Swati}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3153647\charrsid16010722  [198}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2302236 6] 1 All E.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3153647\charrsid16010722 
R 717 the Court of Appeal held that in the absence of exceptional circumstances the appeals procedure set out in the Immigration Act 1971 of England provided an alternative and appropriate remedy to judicial review. In the present cas
e however the Applicant is not a visitor to this country but rather an exempted person with full rights of residence as long as }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16669776\charrsid16010722 
his wife remains here as a member of the British  Embassy. It is true that in recent years in cases dealing with Immigration and
 homeless people in England the courts have taken the view that judicial review should normally not be available as a remedy. For example in }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16669776\charrsid16010722 
Puhlhofer and another v. Hillington London Borough Council}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15336716\charrsid16010722  [1986] 1 All E.R. 467 the House of Lords held that Parli
ament intended local housing authorities to be the judge of fact when exercising their functions under the 1977 Housing (Homeless Persons) Act}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10964319\charrsid16010722 .}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7554296\charrsid16010722 
\par }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7554296\charrsid16010722 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx2736\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9912699 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 The evidence in this case whic}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10964319\charrsid16010722 h}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722  appea
rs not to be denied by the Respondent is that the Applicant is not deriving Fiji nationals or permanent residents}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2302236 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 
 employment opportunities.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9912699\charrsid16010722  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10964319\charrsid16010722 In }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 
addition the letter of the 25th of September}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10964319\charrsid16010722  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 1990 appears to state that b}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10964319\charrsid16010722 ecau}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 se of the Applicant's continued emp
loyment the diplomatic privileges and immunities entitled by his wife also will be withdrawn. There is nothing }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10964319\charrsid16010722 in }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 the material before me to indicate why that should be or indeed what re}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10964319\charrsid16010722 lev}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 ance it has to the Applicant's case for Judicial Review. It seems to me that}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9912699\charrsid16010722  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10964319\charrsid16010722 th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 
e diplomatic status of the Applicant's wife has no bearing on the employment of the Applicant at least in as much as until the decision of the Minister refus}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10964319\charrsid16010722 ing}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9912699\charrsid16010722  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 to extend the work permit, the Respondent apparently accepted this also. }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10964319\charrsid16010722 T}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 o summarise therefore my answers to the three questions asked are:
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10964319\charrsid16010722 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10964319 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 (1)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9912699\charrsid16010722  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 No, but injunctive relief cannot be granted against the State in Fiji.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9912699 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10964319 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10964319\charrsid16010722 (2) In the circum}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 
stances of the present case, Yes.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9912699 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10964319\charrsid16010722 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10964319 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 (3) Yes.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx2592\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10964319 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10964319\charrsid16010722 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx2592\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2302236 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 There will be no or}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2302236 de}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244299\charrsid16010722 r for costs.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10964319\charrsid16010722 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx2592\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10964319 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10964319\charrsid16010722 
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