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\qr \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid660092 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid660092 [1991] 37 FLR 97
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13448590 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid660092 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid660092 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid660092\charrsid660092 HIGH COURT OF FIJI
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13448590 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid660092 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid593578 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid593578\charrsid593578 MAIKELI NAGATA
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid593578 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid593578 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid593578 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12860834 v}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid593578\charrsid13448590 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid593578 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid593578 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid593578 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid30882 (1) }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid593578\charrsid593578 THE NATIVE LANDS COMMISSION
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid30882 (2) }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid593578\charrsid593578 NATIVE LAND TRUST BOARD
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid30882 (3) }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid593578\charrsid593578 RATU MELI NAEVO
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid593578 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid593578 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid593578 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid593578\charrsid13448590 [HIGH COURT, 1991}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid593578  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid593578\charrsid13448590 (Byrne J), 12 August]
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid593578 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid593578 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid593578 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid593578\charrsid13448590 Civil Jurisdiction
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13448590 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid660092 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5201287 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid660092 Native Land}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid660092\charrsid660092  }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid660092 - whether customary grant of right to use and occupy land in common subject to a reversionary interest confers on the occupiers all rights of ownership subject only to the reversion}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid660092\charrsid660092  }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid660092 - Native Land}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid660092\charrsid660092 s Act (Cap 133); Native Land Tr
}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid660092 ust}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid660092\charrsid660092  }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid660092 Act (Cap 134).
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13448590 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid660092\charrsid13448590 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid13448590 The Tui Na
waka claimed that his ancestor's grant of land subject to a right of reversion did not give the present occupiers the right to retain profits derived from the use of the land. The High Court HELD: full rights of ownership in common and not merely rights o
}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid660092 f lessees or licens}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid13448590 ees had been granted subject only to the reversionary right.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid660092\charrsid13448590 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid13448590 Case cited:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid660092\charrsid13448590 
\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid13845598 Serupepeli Dakai & Others v The Native Land Development Corporation & Others}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid660092  (Suva H.C. 542/79)}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid660092\charrsid660092 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid13448590 Action for declaratory judgment in the High Court.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid660092 
\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid5201287 R. Matebalavu}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid13448590  for the Plaintiff
\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid5201287 Ratu J. Madraiwiwi}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid13448590  for the First Defendant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid660092 
\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid5201287 N. Naw}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid660092\charrsid5201287 aikula}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid660092  for the Second Defendant
\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid5201287 E. Tavai}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid13448590  for the Third Defendant
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid660092 
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid660092 Byrne J:
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid660092\charrsid8483968 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 This case centres on a dispute over a large area of native land comprising approximately 2487 acres in the area of Ba and known as }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968\charrsid8483968 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 Namulomulo Town Lands}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968\charrsid8483968 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 , which I shall henceforth refer to as }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968\charrsid8483968 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 
the land}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968\charrsid8483968 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 . The dispute involves the villagers of}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid593578\charrsid8483968  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 Namulomulo be
ing members of Yavusa Saumata and represented by the Plaintiff on behalf of himself and various other native land owners, members of the various sub-division of Yavusa Saumata, and Mataqali Nalagi represented by the Third-named Defendant.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid593578\charrsid8483968 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 The First-named 
Defendant is a body corporate established under the Native Lands Act, Cap. 133 and is charged with the duty of ascertaining lands within Fiji that are the rightful and hereditary property of native owners and determining the rightful native Fijian proprie
tor of such lands.
\par 
\par The Second-named Defendant is a body corporate established under the Native Land Trust Act, Cap. 134 and is vested with the control of all native lands including the authority to administer such land for the benefit of Fijian owners. In 
the exercise of such authority the Board's functions include those of determine and distributing rent to the rightful native Fijian recipient of such rent.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid593578\charrsid8483968 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 The Third-named Defendant holds the Chiefly title, Tui Nawaka and as such is the head of the tradit
ional state (Vanua) of Nawaka which constitutes the largest district (Tikina) in the Province of Ba. The Vanua of Nawaka comprises 12 yavusas or tribes }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5201287 one of which is the Yavusa Saum}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 ata residing at Namulomulo Village.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid593578\charrsid8483968 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 By Originating Summons dated the 8th of May 1990 the Plaintiff seeks}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid593578\charrsid8483968  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 declarations:
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid593578\charrsid8483968 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5201287 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid30882 (i) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 
that the legal ownership of the Namulomulo Town Land vests fully and exclusively in the several }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968\charrsid8483968 Mataqali}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 s }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12860834\charrsid8483968 of the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968  Namulomulo Village as owners-in-common;
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid593578 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid593578\charrsid8483968 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5201287 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid30882 (ii) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 
that the legal ownership of the Namulomulo Town Land vests fully and exclusively the Namulomulo villagers as owners-in-common;
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid593578 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid593578\charrsid8483968 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5201287 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid30882 (iii) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 
that the proper and lawful payee of all the rent in respect of the Namulomulo Town Land is the Namulomulo villages as members of the several Mataqalis within the villages who are owners-in-common of the land.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13448590 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid593578\charrsid8483968 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 The Plaintiff also seeks an order for Mandamus to compel the Native Lands Commission to abide by its own decision vesting the ownership of the land in the several Mataq
alis of Namulomulo Village as owners-in-co}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid593578\charrsid8483968 mm}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 
on and to compel the Commission to direct the Native Land Trust Board to pay all rent due from the land or any part thereof to the Namulomulo villagers exclusively and that the Native Land Trust Board shall consu
lt with only the Namulomulo villagers in respect of land dealings relating to the land. The Plaintiff also seeks an Injun}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid593578\charrsid8483968 ction restraining the Native L}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 and Trust Board from paying out all rent in respect of the land which is in the possession and custody of
 the Native Land Trust Board pending the adjudication by the Court of the Land Title issue, further and other relief deemed just by the Court and costs.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid593578\charrsid8483968 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 Before I commenced the hearing of this case I expressed the opinion to counsel that it might be better
 for a Fiji-born Judge to adjudicate on the matters raised by the Summons but first, this was not possible for practical reasons at the time and secondly, in any event, the parties wished me to remain seized of the matter. Although I have regarded the tas
k given me as somewhat daunting, in the end it appears that really my decision must be based on the interpretation of documents, particularly those annexed to the Plaintiff's affidavit sworn on}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid593578\charrsid8483968  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 the 30th of April 1990 and a Ruling given by the Native Lands C
ommission in Namulomulo Village on the 16th of October 1989. Counsel for the Third}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968\charrsid8483968 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 
named Defendant has kindly given a translation of this Ruling from Fijian into English and I have found it of assistance.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid593578\charrsid8483968 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 
The present dispute arose out of the distribution of royalties for gravel which had been extracted from within the boundaries of Namulomulo Town Lands. The Plaintiffs had authorised the extraction of gravel from the land and received sizeable sums of mone
y in royalties for it without the knowledge and consent of the Third-named Defendant as Head of the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968\charrsid8483968 Mataqali}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 
. The Plaintiffs contend that because of the way in which they acquired the land they are entitled to such royalties without the consent of the Third-}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968\charrsid8483968 na}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 med Defendant. The First and Second-named Defendants deny this and generally support the argument of the Third named Defendant.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid593578\charrsid8483968 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 Until December 1989 rent for the land was also being paid to the Namulomulo villagers by the Second-named Defendant but this
 was suspended when the Ministry of Fijian Affairs wrote to the General Manager of}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968\charrsid8483968  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 
the Second-named Defendant on the 27th of November 1989 requesting suspension of payments pending resolution of the right of the Plaintiffs to such money.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid593578\charrsid8483968 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 The present case 
appears to go back long before the appointment of a Lands Commission in November 1880, designed to settle tribal boundaries, but whose efforts proved useless. (See Peter France, }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid13845598 
The Charter of the Land}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968  (1969), Oxford University Press, page 131.) It appears
 that the forebears of the Plaintiffs came from the highlands, having been forced out by the tribal fighting which had for years waged among Fij}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12860834 ians. They were aliens but on arri}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 val in the region of Ba their plight was recognised and they were given land b
y the Tui Nawaka, one of the predecessors of the Third-named Defendant. With the grant of land they were obliged to provide some service to their new Chief.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968\charrsid8483968 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 Over the years which followed various attempts were made by the Governments of the day to resolve 
questions of land title until in 1894 the Wilkinson Commission was appointed. Its Chairman was David Wilkinson who had arrived in Fiji from Victoria in about 1861, had translated the Deed of Cession and had been the Chief Interpreter to the Government, th
e Commissioner for Native Affairs and the Commissioner for Native Lands. His task was to record the various boundaries of land occupied by Fijians and in 1896 he set out a description of the lands given by the Nalagi }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968\charrsid8483968 Mataqali}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968  to the several Mataqalis reside
nt in the Town of Namulomulo. This description and its recording of the gift is set out in annexure }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968\charrsid8483968 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 MN4}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968\charrsid8483968 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 
 of the affidavit of the Plaintiff, Maikeli Nagata sworn on the 30th of April 1990. It is on this document that the Plaintiffs base their case.
\par 
\par The earlier part of the document containing the description of the boundaries of the land is signed by T. Keaney the Government Surveyor and then under his signature appears the following w}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968\charrsid8483968 hich is signed by D. Wilkinson.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968\charrsid8483968 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 Commissioner of Native Lands in the presence of one John Lawford, Registrar of the Supreme Court:
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968\charrsid8483968 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8483968 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968\charrsid8483968 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 The above land ha}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968\charrsid8483968 s been given by the NALAGI Mataqa}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 
li of the Town of NAWAKA to the several Mataqalis resident in the Town of NAMULOMULO, for their use and occupation and are to be recorded as Owner
s-in-Common whilst they continue to reside thereon, but the land is subject to reversion to the NALAGI Mataqali should such occupation at any time cease.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8483968 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968\charrsid8483968 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8483968 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 
Confirmed by the Special Provincial Council convened by the Governor to be held at NAVOCI Town, Bulishi}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12588236 p of NADI,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 
 on the 24th September 1896, and following days.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8483968 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968\charrsid8483968 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8483968 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 Resolution No. 190, Evidence Book Volume No. 2, page 243.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8483968 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968\charrsid8483968 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8483968 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 Registered 14th October 1896.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968\charrsid8483968 "
}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13448590 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968\charrsid8483968 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 The question I have to decide is whether annexure }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968\charrsid8483968 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 MN4}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968\charrsid8483968 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968  which i
s actually Folio 133 of the Register of Native Lands gives the Plaintiffs a valid title to the lands which they claim and with it, the right to receive rent from the land. At the outset it must be stated that native land is owned not individually but as a
 group by a division or sub-division of the native Fijians such as Mataqali or Tokatoka. It is then described as }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968\charrsid8483968 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 
the customary right to occupy and use native land}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968\charrsid8483968 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 
 (See Section 3 Native Land Act, Cap. 133). As Kermode J. said in }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13845598 Serupepe}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 li Dakai & }{
\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968\charrsid8483968 O}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 thers v. The Native Land Devel}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968\charrsid8483968 
opment Corp}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 orati}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968\charrsid8483968 o}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 n a}{
\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968 nd}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968  Others}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968  (542/79):}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968\charrsid8483968 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8483968 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968\charrsid8483968 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 
Members can enjoy two rights usually associated with ownership namely the r}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968 ight to occupy and use the land,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 
 but they cannot sell or charge the land.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968\charrsid8483968 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13448590 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968\charrsid8483968 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 The Plaintiffs argue that Wilkinson's grant is clear in its terms and means that the l}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5201287 egal ownership of the Namulomulo}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968  Town Land was vested in the villagers of Namulomulo in 1896; that the present Plaintiffs and their heirs of the former residents are therefore now the native owners of the land.
 As such, it is said they have the right to receive all rents and royalt}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968 ies which accrue from the land.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968\charrsid8483968 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 In reply the First-named Defendant submits that the Plaintiffs have only a limited right of occupation of the land, the owner of which is really the Third}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968\charrsid8483968 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 named Defendant. Counsel likens the situation to that of the Reversion in English law and quotes from }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid12588236 Halsbury}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12588236 '}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid12588236 s Laws of}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968\charrsid12588236  }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid12588236 England}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 
, Volume 23, paragraph 985, Third Edition where the author says:
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8483968 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968\charrsid8483968 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 The interest in t
he property which remains in the landlord is called the reversion, and, as a rule there is incident to it the right to receive from the tenant payment for the use of the property in the shape of rent.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968\charrsid8483968 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13448590 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968 I}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968  cannot accept this submission. Throughout the cases
 dealing with land rights in Fiji there is at least one common thread namely that one has to use great care in applying to the question of land tenure in Fiji the concepts and terminology of English land law. Thus in the passage quoted by counsel from }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid12588236 Halsbury}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 
 it is clear that the author is referring to a relationship of Landlord and Tenant which in my view does not}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968  apply to the present case. Wilkin}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 son does not refer to it as such but rather describes the Plaintiffs as owners-in-common of the land, a term which to me implies more than the term }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968\charrsid8483968 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 Landlord and Tenants}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968\charrsid8483968 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 . Unfortunately in none of the relevant legislation nor in the Deed of Gift itself is the expression ownership-uncommon defined and it may well have been a creation of Wilkins}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968 on himself. However in }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968\charrsid12588236 Halsbury'}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid12588236 s Laws of England}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968  4th Edition Volume 35 at paragraph 1145 the author defines ownership in common as follows:
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8483968 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968\charrsid8483968 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 
Ownership in common. Owners in common have a unity of possession, but a distinct and several title to their shares, which need not nec
essarily be equal. There is no right of survivorship between owners in common. Ownership in common arises (1) from the severance of a joint ownership, or (2) }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968\charrsid12588236 
from a gift to two or more pe}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid12588236 rsons in co}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968\charrsid12588236 mm}{
\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid12588236 on}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968\charrsid12588236 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968\charrsid13069765 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 (My emphasis.)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8091368 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13448590 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968\charrsid8483968 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 There is no doubt in my mind on th
e evidence that the Third-named Defendant has the ultimate right of the ownership of the land concerned but to argue that this then denies the Plaintiff the full rights and obligations going with land ownership seems to me to be another matter.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968\charrsid8483968 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 The Second-named Defendant also argues that the Plaintiffs owe their present occupation of the land to Section 18 of the Native Lands Act, Cap. 133 which reads as follows:}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968\charrsid8483968 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8091368 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968\charrsid8483968 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 
Power to allot land to dependant
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13448590 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8091368 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 (1) Notwithstanding anything contained in this A
ct it shall be lawful for the Commission with the consent of the Fijian owners to allot at its discretion to any dependants either individually or collectively a sufficient portion of la}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968 
nd for their use and occupation:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13448590 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8091368 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 Provided that any dependant to whom 
such portion of land has been allotted and who thereafter ceases to reside with the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968\charrsid8483968 Mataqali}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 
 from whose lands the said portion was allotted shall thereupon lose his interest in the said portion.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13448590 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8483968 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 Land to revert to Fijian owners on cesser of occupation
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13448590 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5201287 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5201287 (2) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 
Whenever through any cause such portion of land ceases to be used and occupied by the dependant or dependants to whom it was allotted it shall revert to the Fijian owners from whose lands the allotment was made.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13448590 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968\charrsid8483968 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8483968 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 Where dependant an owner of land
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13448590 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5201287 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5201287 (3) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 No a
llotment of land shall be made to any dependant who may be found to be already an owner of land by operation of any Fijian custom. (Ordinance 8 of 1919,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 s.2.)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968\charrsid8483968 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13448590 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 Then }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968\charrsid8483968 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 dependants}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968\charrsid8483968 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968  is defined in Section 2 of the Act as:
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8483968 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 dependants}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968\charrsid8483968 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968  
means native Fijians who at the time of the erection of the Fiji Islands into a British Colony had become separated from the tribes of which they respectively belonged by descent and had by native custom lost their rights in the tribal lands and were livi
ng in a state of dependence with other tribes, and includes their legitimate issue}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968\charrsid8483968 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13448590 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 It is then said that if the Plaintiffs are considered to be }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968\charrsid8483968 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 dependants}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968\charrsid8483968 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 
 then they cannot claim to be the sole native owners under the Native Lands Act because Section 18(2
) also recognises the reversionary rights of the grantors of the lands. Whilst I accept that Section 18(2) recognises such reversionary rights of the grantors I cannot agree with the first part of this submission. In my judgment there is no probative evid
ence before the Court that the giving of the Namulomulo Town Land by the Mataqali Nalagi to the Namulomulo villagers was an act of allotment as contemplated under Section 18.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968\charrsid8483968 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 The parent substantial legislation relating to Native Lands was enacted as the Na
tive Lands Ordinance 1880. That Ordinance did not contain a provision similar to the present Section 18 of the Native Lands Act, Cap. 133. Neither did the Native Lands Ordinance 1892. The present Section 18 was first enacted by the Native Lands (Dependant
s) Amendment Ordinance, 1919, S.2.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 
However there can be no doubt that the title to the land in question given by Mr. Wilkinson is still valid. In the Final Report by the Chairman of the Native Lands Commission to the Colonial Secretary dated 10th July, 1958, a copy of which is Annexure }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968\charrsid8483968 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 MN5}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968\charrsid8483968 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968  to the Plaintiffs' affidavit, the Chairman confirms this. In paragraph 6 he says this:
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8483968 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968\charrsid8483968 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 
I would point out that ownerships-in-common created by Mr. Wilkinson in the Province of Ba and Yasawa were of a complicated nature and the Maxwell Commission was unable to sub-divide them into }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968\charrsid8483968 Mataqali}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 
 holdings. Consequently the Wilkinson decisions in such cases still stand. Although the blocks were surveyed by the present Commission's surveyors, the latter did not rewrite the bounda
ries for re-registration. They merely gave Lot numbers and areas to the various blocks. It will be seen in Table No. 4 herein that the new areas differ widely from the old ones.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968\charrsid8483968 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13448590 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 
\par It is very clear to me that the titles given to the Plaintiffs by Wilkinson 
date back to about 1896. Likewise it seems to me that the Namulomulo Town Land was granted by the Nalagi Mataqali to the ancestors of the present Plaintiffs. I shall return to this question later after I have discussed the submissions of the Second and Th
ird-named Defendants.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968\charrsid8483968 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 The Second-named Defendant makes two submissions:
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5201287 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5201287 (A) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 
The jurisdiction to determine ownership of native land rests with the Native Lands Commission.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13069765 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5201287 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5201287 (B) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 
Ownership of Namulomulo Town Land rests in law and custom in the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968\charrsid8483968 Mataqali}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 i Nalagi.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13448590 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 I accept the first submission subject only to the supervisory jurisdiction of this Court over the Native Lands
 Commission as an inferior tribunal. However I observe that the Native Lands Commission in October 1989 recognised the rights of the Plaintiffs to the land when it said:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968\charrsid8483968 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8483968 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968 "T}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 
he record of ownership as recorded by David Wilkinson is as nearest as possible to recording this custom of giving land to strangers and landless in return for allegiance and service.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13448590 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968\charrsid8483968 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8483968 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 
In the description of this land, it is recorded that this land was given to the Yavusa Saumata or the Mataqalis residing at Namulomulo for your occupation
 and use until such time as you no longer reside at Namulomulo. In Fijian custom, this means that so long as you continue to recognise and serve the Tui Nawaka and carry out your responsibilities as done by your ancestors, then you will be allowed to cont
inue to occupy and use this land.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968\charrsid8483968 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13448590 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 I note that nowhere in its decision did the Commission attempt to limit the nature of the use of the land by the Plaintiffs nor, it may be added, did Mr. W
ilkinson although it would have been simple for him to have done so had he wished. Reviewing the evidence before me I consider that there can be no doubt that the reversionary ownership of the lanai remains dearly in the Nalagi }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968\charrsid8483968 Mataqali}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 , according to Wilki
nson's Deed but in my judgment the real question for this Court is the result in law of the giving of the land by Wilkinson, and particularly whether that entitles the Plaintiffs to receive rent from the land. In my view it does.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 The Second-named Defendant submits that Folio 133 recognises three things, namely:
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid8483968 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5201287 (a) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 
That all is given to the Namulomulo villagers is the right to use and occupy.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8483968 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid8483968 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5201287 (b) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 
That they are in fact living in a state of dependence of the Mataqali Nalagi.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8483968 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid8483968 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5201287 (c) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 Ultimate ownership rests wi
th the Mataqali Nalagi.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13448590 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 
This submission appears to minimise the effects of the Wilkinson grant in that it says that all that is given to the Plaintiffs is the right to use and occupy and that they are living in a state of dependence with Mataqali Nalagi. 
In my view the grant by Wilkinson is the grant of the full rights of ownership of the land subject only to the ultimate rights of the third-named Defendant to resume ownership if and when the occupation of the Plaintiffs ceased. The fact is that since eve
n
 before 1896 the Plaintiffs have resided on and used the land and for some considerable time past have been receiving rents and royalties for the use of such land. It may be that this has been with the consent of the people of Nalagi but in my judgment th
is does not detract from the unlimited nature of the grant made by Wilkinson.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968\charrsid8483968 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 It has been said of Wilkinson:
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8483968 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968\charrsid8483968 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 
He was an enthusiastic penman whose fluency of expression was unimpeded by considerations of spelling, grammar or syntax. In his anxiety to leave
 no doubt as to the finer nuances of his opinions on a subject, he is led into qualifications and inconsistencies of expression which leave the true nature of those opinions forever hidden.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968\charrsid8483968 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968  (See Peter France, op. cit., pp. 139-140.)
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13448590 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 In my opinion whilst that comment may be true of other writings of David Wilkinson it can not be said of the teams of his grant in Annexure }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968\charrsid8483968 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 MN4}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968\charrsid8483968 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968  As I have said earlier if it had been Mr. Wilkinson's intention to in any way limit the title he was conferring on the Plaintiffs h
e could easily have said so. He did not in this case and 1 can find no qualifications and inconsistencies of expression which conceal his intentions as evidenced in the words he used in making the grant.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10495631\charrsid8483968 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 I therefore reject the submission of the Second-named Defendant in so far as it asserts that the Plaintiffs' occupation of the land carries with it only limited rights to the use of}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10495631  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 that land. It is interesting to remark that according to Section 3 of the Native Lands Act, native land }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968\charrsid8483968 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 may be cultivated, a
llotted and dealt with by native Fijians as amongst themselves according to their customs and subject to any regulations made by the Fijian Affairs Board ...........}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10495631 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10495631 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 In my judgment the use of the expression }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968\charrsid8483968 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 
dealt with}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968\charrsid8483968 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968  supports the view I have expressed
 above in that nowhere can I find any evidence that the Plaintiffs are to be restricted in the way they deal with the land they are occupying. One of the meanings given by the Oxford Dictionary to the term }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968\charrsid8483968 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 deal with}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968\charrsid8483968 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968  in relation to a person's affairs is t
o manage or attend to a matter. In my opinion because their rights of managing the land are not restricted and, for example, not subject to any payment of rent to the Third-named Defendant, the Plaintiffs must be considered entitled in law to the rents an
d profits of the land they have occupied}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10495631  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 now for a long time, and title to which they have enjoyed for over 95 years.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10495631\charrsid8483968 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 I come now to the submissions of the Third-named Defendant, much of which I have covered in my comments on the submissions of the First and Second}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968\charrsid8483968 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 named Defendants.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10495631 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 
At page 12 of the Third-named Defendant's submission again an attempt is made to reduce the status of the occupation of the land by the Plaintiffs. It is said that the title they received from Wilkinson gave them only }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968\charrsid8483968 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 given}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968\charrsid8483968 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968  and }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968\charrsid8483968 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 temporary}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968\charrsid8483968 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 
 rights. For reasons which I have endeavoured to state earlier I cannot accept this limitation of the rights I believe the Plaintiffs have been given. The submission obviously claims that the Plaintiffs' rights are something less in law tha
n the rights of full ownership of the land but again I cannot accept this. In my judgment as long as the Plaintiffs remain on the land and use and occupy it they have the right of full ownership of the land together with the corresponding duty not to wast
e
 it but to maintain it in a usable state and at the end of their occupancy to return it intact to the Third-named Defendant and his successors. For this reason I do not agree with the claims by the Third-named Defendant that the Plaintiffs can be displace
d
 from the land. I consider rather that they are entitled to enjoy peaceful and undisturbed occupation as owners for the time being until such time as they leave the land or there are no longer any survivors of them remaining. In the latter event it would 
seem that the land would revert to the Third-named Defendant or his successors and that if their occupation ceased in the circumstances contemplated by Section 19 of the Native Lands Trust Act, Cap, 134, the land shall fall to the State as }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968\charrsid8483968 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 ultimus haeres}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968\charrsid8483968 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968\charrsid8483968 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 At present there is no evidence that the Plaintiffs have ceased to occupy the land or that they will in the foreseeable future.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968\charrsid8483968 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 At page 17 of his submission the Third-named Defendant appears to argue that t
he Plaintiffs are not to be considered owners but are lessees or licensees of the land and that accordingly they are no longer in }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968\charrsid8483968 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 occupation and use}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968\charrsid8483968 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 
 of it. It then follows, says the Third-named Defendant, that the Third-named Defendant and Mataqali Nalag
i are the rightful beneficiaries of proceeds of rent, royalties, compensation, premium and other moneys under Section 14 of the Native Lands Trust Act, Cap. 134 and Regulation 11 of the Native Lands Trust (Leases and Licences) Regulations 1984.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968\charrsid8483968 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 It seems t
o me that this submission begs the question in that it wrongly assumes the existence of a lease or licence from the Third-named Defendant. As I have stated earlier, in my judgment the Plaintiffs' occupation of the land is due to the grant by the Mataqali 
Nalagi referred to by Wilkinson in Folio 133 which describes them not as lessees or licensees but owners-in-common a term which in my view connotes more than that of }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968\charrsid8483968 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 lessee}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968\charrsid8483968 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968  or }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968\charrsid8483968 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 licensee}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968\charrsid8483968 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 . I therefore hold that the Plaintiffs are the rightful beneficiaries of the rents and profits arising from their use and occupation of the land until they cease to occupy and use it}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968\charrsid8483968  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 
or they enter into a legally enforceable agreement with the Third-named Defendant to share any such rents and royalties with the Defendant or 
his successors. I consider that there is a clear presumption that Wilkinson Wended the Plaintiffs to have quiet enjoyment and the full rights of a legal owner of the land for as long as they occupy it.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968\charrsid8483968 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 This leaves the form of declarations and orders that I should make in the case. In my view these should be as follows:
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968\charrsid8483968 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5201287 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5201287 (i) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 That the }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7292711 legal ownership of the Namulomu}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 lo Town Land vests fully and exclusively in the several Mataqalis of the Namulomulo Village as }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968\charrsid8483968 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 owners-in-common}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968\charrsid8483968 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968  for as long as they and their heirs, succe}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7292711 ssors and assigns of the Mataqalis of the Namulomu}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 lo village use and occupy the land.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13069765 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968\charrsid8483968 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5201287 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5201287 (ii) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 
That the legal ownership of the Namulomulo Town Land vests fully and exclusively in the Namulomulo Villagers as }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968\charrsid8483968 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 
owners-in-common}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968\charrsid8483968 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968  for as long as they and their heirs, successors and assigns to the }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968\charrsid8483968 Mataqali}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 s of the Namulomulo village continue to use and occupy the land.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13069765 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968\charrsid8483968 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5201287 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5201287 (iii) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 
That the proper and lawful payee of all the rent in respect of the Namulomulo Town Land is the Namulomulo Villagers as members of}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10495631  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7292711 t
he several Mataqali}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 s within the village who are to be considered }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968\charrsid8483968 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 owners-in-common}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968\charrsid8483968 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 
 of the land as long as they continue to occupy and use it.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13069765 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968\charrsid8483968 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5201287 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5201287 (iv) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 
I direct that Mandamus issue to compel the Native Lands Commission to recognise and abide by its own decision vesting the ownership of the Namulomulo Town Land in the several Mataqalis of the Namulomulo Village as }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968\charrsid8483968 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 owners-in}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968\charrsid8483968 -}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 common}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968\charrsid8483968 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 
 and to compel the Commission to direct the. Native Lands Trust Board to pay all rent due from the Namulomulo Town Land or any part thereof to the Namulomulo Villagers exclusive}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10495631 
ly and that the Native Lands Tru}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 st Board shall consult only with the Namulomulo Villagers in respect of land dealings rel}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10495631 
ating to the Namulomulo Town Lan}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 d as long as they remain in the use and occupation of such land.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13069765 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8483968\charrsid8483968 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid5201287 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5201287 (v) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590\charrsid8483968 
That the Defendants pay the Plaintiffs their costs of these proceedings.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448590 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5201287 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5201287 
\par There will be orders accordingly
\par 
\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5201287 (Declarations granted)
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5201287\charrsid3476502 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5201287 (Editor's note: an appeal against this Judgment is reported at 39 FLR 148 and see also 37 FLR 149 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12860834 \endash  post)}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5201287\charrsid5201287 
\par }}