{\rtf1\adeflang1025\ansi\ansicpg1252\uc1\adeff0\deff0\stshfdbch0\stshfloch0\stshfhich0\stshfbi0\deflang1033\deflangfe1033\themelang1033\themelangfe0\themelangcs0{\fonttbl{\f0\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f34\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02040503050406030204}Cambria Math;}{\flomajor\f31500\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbmajor\f31501\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fhimajor\f31502\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02040503050406030204}Cambria;}
{\fbimajor\f31503\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flominor\f31504\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbminor\f31505\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fhiminor\f31506\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020f0502020204030204}Calibri;}
{\fbiminor\f31507\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f336\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f337\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f339\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f340\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f341\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f342\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f343\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f344\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f676\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Cambria Math CE;}{\f677\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Cambria Math Cyr;}
{\f679\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Cambria Math Greek;}{\f680\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Cambria Math Tur;}{\f683\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Cambria Math Baltic;}{\f684\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Cambria Math (Vietnamese);}
{\flomajor\f31508\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flomajor\f31509\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flomajor\f31511\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flomajor\f31512\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flomajor\f31513\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flomajor\f31514\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flomajor\f31515\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flomajor\f31516\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbmajor\f31518\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbmajor\f31519\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbmajor\f31521\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbmajor\f31522\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbmajor\f31523\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbmajor\f31524\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbmajor\f31525\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbmajor\f31526\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fhimajor\f31528\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Cambria CE;}{\fhimajor\f31529\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Cambria Cyr;}{\fhimajor\f31531\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Cambria Greek;}{\fhimajor\f31532\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Cambria Tur;}
{\fhimajor\f31535\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Cambria Baltic;}{\fhimajor\f31536\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Cambria (Vietnamese);}{\fbimajor\f31538\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbimajor\f31539\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fbimajor\f31541\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbimajor\f31542\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fbimajor\f31543\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbimajor\f31544\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fbimajor\f31545\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbimajor\f31546\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flominor\f31548\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flominor\f31549\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flominor\f31551\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flominor\f31552\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flominor\f31553\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flominor\f31554\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flominor\f31555\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flominor\f31556\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbminor\f31558\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbminor\f31559\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbminor\f31561\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbminor\f31562\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbminor\f31563\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbminor\f31564\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbminor\f31565\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbminor\f31566\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fhiminor\f31568\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Calibri CE;}{\fhiminor\f31569\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Calibri Cyr;}
{\fhiminor\f31571\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Calibri Greek;}{\fhiminor\f31572\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Calibri Tur;}{\fhiminor\f31575\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Calibri Baltic;}
{\fhiminor\f31576\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Calibri (Vietnamese);}{\fbiminor\f31578\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbiminor\f31579\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fbiminor\f31581\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbiminor\f31582\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fbiminor\f31583\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbiminor\f31584\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fbiminor\f31585\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbiminor\f31586\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}}{\colortbl;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue255;\red0\green255\blue255;\red0\green255\blue0;\red255\green0\blue255;\red255\green0\blue0;
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\ts11\tsrowd\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\trcbpat1\trcfpat1\tblind0\tblindtype3\tscellwidthfts0\tsvertalt\tsbrdrt\tsbrdrl\tsbrdrb\tsbrdrr\tsbrdrdgl\tsbrdrdgr\tsbrdrh\tsbrdrv \ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \snext11 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \sqformat Normal Table;}}
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\rsid13251960\rsid15146440\rsid15415920\rsid15669861\rsid16730679}{\mmathPr\mmathFont34\mbrkBin0\mbrkBinSub0\msmallFrac0\mdispDef1\mlMargin0\mrMargin0\mdefJc1\mwrapIndent1440\mintLim0\mnaryLim1}{\info{\author Teniau_D}{\operator baleimatuku_l}
{\creatim\yr2005\mo2\dy2\hr8\min40}{\revtim\yr2015\mo10\dy14\hr16}{\version18}{\edmins95}{\nofpages5}{\nofwords2067}{\nofchars10324}{\*\company USP}{\nofcharsws12367}{\vern32859}}{\*\xmlnstbl {\xmlns1 http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/word/2003/wordml}}
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{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}
{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\qr \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10956189 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10956189\charrsid1662279 [1990] 36 FLR 143
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10956189 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10956189\charrsid1662279 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12023025 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11696363\charrsid1662279 HIGH COURT}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1662279  OF FIJI}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12023025 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1662279 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1662279\charrsid1662279 Civil Jurisdiction
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10956189 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12023025\charrsid1662279 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5376786 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10956189\charrsid1662279 
FIJI PUBLIC SERVICE ASSOCIATION
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5376786 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10956189\charrsid1662279 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5376786 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15146440\charrsid1662279 v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10956189\charrsid1662279 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5376786 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10956189\charrsid1662279 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5376786 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8024177\charrsid1662279 
FIJI POSTS AND TELECOMMUNICATION LIMITED}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10956189\charrsid1662279 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1662279 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8024177\charrsid1662279 Palmer J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1662279 
\par 
\par 28 September 1990}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8024177\charrsid1662279 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5376786 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8024177\charrsid1662279 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10956189 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8024177\charrsid1662279 Employment \endash 
 Trade Union \endash  whether a union previously recognised by a Government Department is entitled to recognition by its privatised successor \endash  w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11696363\charrsid1662279 hether the successor\rquote s refusal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8024177\charrsid1662279 
to recognise the union is justiciable \endash  Trade Union (Recognition) Act (Cap 96A) Section 4(1).
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8024177\charrsid1662279 
\par The Plaintiff union had been recognised by the Department of Post and Telecommunications but when the Department was privatised its successor, the Defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15415920\charrsid1662279  declined to recognise it. The U}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8024177\charrsid1662279 
nion sought a recognition order from the High Court. Dismissing the action the High Court HELD: (i) a new employer is not bound by statute to recognise a union }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15415920\charrsid1662279 recognised by}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8024177\charrsid1662279 
 its predecessor (ii) the predecessor\rquote s obligation to recognise a union is not a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5376786\charrsid1662279 
"liability" within the meaning of Section 69 (1) of Decree 37/1989 and (iii) the Union not having availed itself of the statutory recognition procedures the Court had no jurisdiction to entertain the action.
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15146440\charrsid1662279 Cases Cited:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5376786\charrsid1662279 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15146440\charrsid1662279 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9637679 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15146440\charrsid1662279 
Pasmore v. Oswaldtwistle Urban Council}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15146440\charrsid1662279  [1898] AC 394
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15146440\charrsid1662279 Rothmans of Pall Mall Overseas Ltd & Ors v. Saudi Arabian Airlines Corp}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15146440\charrsid1662279  [1980] 3 All ER 359
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15146440\charrsid1662279 Wilkinson v. Barking Corp}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15146440\charrsid1662279 . [1948] 1 All ER 564
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10956189 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15146440\charrsid1662279 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15146440\charrsid1662279 H. Nagin}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15146440\charrsid1662279  for the Plaintiff
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9637679\charrsid1662279 Q.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15146440\charrsid1662279 B. Bale}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15146440\charrsid1662279  for the Defendant
\par 
\par Action for decla}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15415920\charrsid1662279 ra}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15146440\charrsid1662279 tory Judgement in the High Court.
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15146440\charrsid1662279 Palmer J:
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10956189\charrsid1662279 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13173456\charrsid1662279 This action arises out }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15146440\charrsid1662279 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13173456\charrsid1662279  privatizatio
n of post and telecommunications services in Fiji. The proceedings were instituted by Originating Summons, but by consent oral evidence was led by both parties and it was agreed that there would be written submissions. The Plaintiff has filed such submiss
i
ons, the Defendant, has not. The Plaintiff seeks "an Order that the Defendant forthwith recognise the Plaintiff as the collective bargaining agent relating to the rates of pay and terms and conditions of employment of all salaried employees of the Defenda
nt." It also seeks some consequential orders. A considerable amount of evidence has been tendered by affidavit and orally but the point in fact is a relatively short one.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13173456\charrsid1662279 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15146440\charrsid1662279 Prior to the 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13173456\charrsid1662279 st of January 1990 the post and telecommunications services for}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15146440\charrsid1662279  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13173456\charrsid1662279 Fiji we
re provided by the Government of Fiji through the Post and Telecommunications Department. That provision ceased as from that date and the function of the Department to provide such services was taken over by a limited company established for that purpose 
w
hich is the present Defendant. It is common ground that until that date the Plaintiff represented the established employees of the Department. The present contest arises because the Defendant refuses to make deductions from the pay of its employees of Uni
on dues payable to the Plaintiff while the Plaintiff for its part claims that the Defendant is obliged to continue to make such deductions in the same manner as made by its predecessor, the Post and Telecommunications Department.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15146440\charrsid1662279 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13173456\charrsid1662279 While there is some disput
e as to the percentage of employees who are members of the Plaintiff it is common ground that they are in excess of 50% of the total employees.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15146440\charrsid1662279 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13173456\charrsid1662279 The Plaintiff makes much of Clause 6 (a) (III) of its Constitution which provides that "membership of the assoc
iation shall be open to persons not being unestab}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9714068\charrsid1662279 li}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13173456\charrsid1662279 
shed staff who are employed by the Posts and/or Telecommunications Department or any of its successors." It claims that the defendant company is the successor to the previous Department and that therefore 
its employees are eligible for membership in the Plaintiff association.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15146440\charrsid1662279 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13173456\charrsid1662279 The Plaintiff goes on to argue that it was recognised by the previous department pursuant to the Trade Un}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9637679\charrsid1662279 ions (Recognition) Act (Cap. 96}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13173456\charrsid1662279 
A) ("the Act"), and that fact is not in dispute
. It argues consequently that because of those circumstances its right to represent the Defendant's employees and a concomitant obligation of the Defendant to make deductions in respect of Union dues continues as before in the case of the Department. In t
his context it places reliance on Section 4 of the Act which provides in sub}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10956189\charrsid1662279 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13173456\charrsid1662279 
section (1): "A Trade Union if recognized by an Employer under the provisions of Section 3 shall continue to be entitled to such recognition until such time as the Permanent Secret
ary, on application by the Employer, determines that there is anther Trade Union claiming to represent some or all of the persons previously claimed to be represented by the Trade Union recognised under the provisions of section 3 and that therefore the p
rovision of section 3 should no longer apply", and subsection (2) which provides: "The Trade Union entitled to recognition under the provisions of section 3 shall cease to be so entitled with effect f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15146440\charrsid1662279 rom the date of determination by}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13173456\charrsid1662279 
 the Permanent Secretary."
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15146440\charrsid1662279 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13173456\charrsid1662279 
There has been a contest as to whether the Defendant is in fact the successor to the previous Department for the purposes of the Plaintiff's Constitution and whether the term "successor" therein refers to some other government department or is wide enou
gh to embrace any other body, government, statutory or under the Companies Act which performs the same functions as the previous Department. That contest goes to the question of whether the Plaintiff can have as its members employees of the Defendant comp
any, which}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9637679\charrsid1662279 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13173456\charrsid1662279  on one view is critical to the issue here.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15146440\charrsid1662279 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13173456\charrsid1662279 
However even if one were to resolve that question in the Plaintiff's favour it does not suffice to enable the Plaintiff to succeed in the present action. Assuming that issue in the Plaintiff's favour w
ould mean, firstly, that the Defendant is the successor of the previous Department; and secondly that the Plaintiff is entitled to have its employees as members. But it would still leave unresolved a third element in the equation, namely that the employer
 is not the same.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15146440\charrsid1662279 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13173456\charrsid1662279 
Section 4 of the Act speaks of a Trade Union recognised by an employer. In my view that means the employer who originally recognised it and not its successor. Indeed the very term }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9714068\charrsid1662279 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13173456\charrsid1662279 successor}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9714068\charrsid1662279 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13173456\charrsid1662279 
 has implicit in it the proposition that the succeeding body, however much it may perform the same functions and however much it may employ the same people is just that, a successor and not the same.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15146440\charrsid1662279 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13173456\charrsid1662279 It is next necessary to notice Section 3 of the Act which is as follows:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15146440 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15146440\charrsid1662279 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15146440 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9637679\charrsid1662279 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13173456\charrsid1662279 PART II }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10956189\charrsid1662279 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13173456\charrsid1662279  RECOGNITION OF TRADE UNIONS
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10956189 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15146440\charrsid1662279 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15146440 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13173456\charrsid1662279 
Recognition of trade union without rival union
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10956189 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15146440\charrsid1662279 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li576\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin576\itap0\pararsid15146440 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13173456\charrsid1662279 3. }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10956189\charrsid1662279 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9637679\charrsid1662279  (1}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13173456\charrsid1662279 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10956189\charrsid1662279  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13173456\charrsid1662279 Where there is a trade union of which more than fifty per cent of the persons eligible for membership thereof in the employment of an employe
r are voting members and there is no rival trade union claiming to represent these persons, that trade union shall for the purposes of collective bargaining be entitled to recognition by the employer in accordance with the provisions of a recognition agre
ement voluntarily executed by the employer and the trade union or, in default of any such agreement, in accordance with a compulsory recognition order made by the Permanent Secretary under the provisions of subsection (2).
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx1008\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15146440 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15146440\charrsid1662279 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li576\ri0\widctlpar\tx1008\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin576\itap0\pararsid15146440 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13173456\charrsid1662279 (2)}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10956189\charrsid1662279  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13173456\charrsid1662279 
If a trade union claims to be
 entitled to recognition by an employer under the provisions of this section but the employer refuses recognition, the trade union may refer the question to the Permanent Secretary who, after taking into account all facts and circumstances appearing to hi
m to be relevant, may, subject to the provisions of section 10, make an order, under this Part referred to as "a compulsory recognition order" }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15146440\charrsid1662279 \endash 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx1008\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15146440 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15146440\charrsid1662279 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\tx1008\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid9637679 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13173456\charrsid1662279 (a)}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10956189\charrsid1662279  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13173456\charrsid1662279 
declaring that the trade union is entitled to recognition under this section; and
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx576\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15146440 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15146440\charrsid1662279 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\tx576\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid9637679 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13173456\charrsid1662279 (b)}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10956189\charrsid1662279  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13173456\charrsid1662279 specifying the manne
r in which the employer shall accord recognition to the trade union."
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10956189 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7811092\charrsid1662279 
\par (section 10 is not relevant here)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9714068\charrsid1662279 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7811092\charrsid1662279 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13173456\charrsid1662279 It will be seen that the section provides for recognition to be}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7811092\charrsid1662279  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\sub\langnp2057\insrsid13173456\charrsid1662279 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13173456\charrsid1662279 arrived at by a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7811092\charrsid1662279  v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13173456\charrsid1662279 oluntary agreement or as an alternative, in default of any such agr
eement, by a compulsory recognition order made by the Permanent Secretary. In this case the fact that the Defendant, though it may be a successor }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13173456\charrsid1662279 is 
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13173456\charrsid1662279 not the same employer as the Department, is clearly recognised by the Plaintiff who, as appears }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13173456\charrsid1662279 from }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13173456\charrsid1662279 
the Affidavit of its General Secretary, invited the Defendant to agree to a recognition agreement which he himself submitted to them for execution. The Defendant however refused to do so. That action on the part of the Plaintiff is quite inconsistent with
 
the proposition that the present employer within the time meaning of section 4 of the Act is the same employer as the previous one, and equally with the proposition that the Plaintiff's case rests on the fact that it may represent employees of the success
or organisation.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7811092\charrsid1662279 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13173456\charrsid1662279 
The Defendant having refused to enter into such a recognition agreement brings into play subsection 2 of section 3 of the Act. This makes it clear that the machinery provided by the legislation for resolving a refusal of voluntary recognit
ion is an application to the Permanent Secretary. What has happened here is that the employer has refused recognition, which he is entitled to under section 3 of the Act. I have already dealt with the proposition that the present employer is the same as t
he previous employer and that therefore recognition continues until determined in accordance with section 4 of the Act. The Plaintiff at least at this stage has its statutory remedy. Authority is quite clear on the point.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7811092\charrsid1662279 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13173456\charrsid1662279 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13173456\charrsid1662279 
Pasmore v. Oswaldtwistle Urban Council}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13173456\charrsid1662279  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3554204\charrsid1662279 [1898}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13173456\charrsid1662279 
] AC 394 the House of Lords, per the Earl of Halsbury, said:
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7811092\charrsid1662279 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7811092 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13173456\charrsid1662279 
"The principle that where a specific remedy is given by a statute, it thereby deprives the person who insists upon a remedy of any other form of remedy than that given by the statute, is one which is very familiar and which runs through the law."
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10956189 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7811092\charrsid1662279 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13173456\charrsid1662279 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13173456\charrsid1662279 
Wilkinson v. Barking Corp}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10510820\charrsid1662279 . [1948] 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9637679\charrsid1662279  All ER 564: at 567;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13173456\charrsid1662279 
 [1948] 1 KB 721 at 724 Asquith, L.J. said:
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7811092\charrsid1662279 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7811092 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13173456\charrsid1662279 
"It is undoubtedly good law that, wher
e a statute creates a right and in plain language gives a specific remedy or appoints a specific tribunal for its enforcement, a party seeking to enforce the right must resort this remedy or this tribunal and not to others."
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx3312\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10956189 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7811092\charrsid1662279 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13173456\charrsid1662279 It may be objected that the Defendant has not taken the point. However the Court is aware of the legislation just referred to.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10956189\charrsid1662279  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13173456\charrsid1662279 And in }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13173456\charrsid1662279 Wilkinson}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13173456\charrsid1662279  the Court also said:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10956189 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7811092\charrsid1662279 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7811092 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13173456\charrsid1662279 
"A party cannot submit to, so as to make effective, a jurisdiction which does not exist."
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10956189 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7811092\charrsid1662279 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13173456\charrsid1662279 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13173456\charrsid1662279 
Rothmans of Pall Mall (Overseas) Ltd and others v. Saudi Arabian Airlines C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9637679\charrsid1662279 orp}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13173456\charrsid1662279  [1980] 3 All ER 359, at 364 Mustil J. (who was upheld on appeal) after citing the first quotation above }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\expnd0\expndtw2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13173456\charrsid1662279 from }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13173456\charrsid1662279 Wilkinson}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13173456\charrsid1662279  went on to say:
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7811092\charrsid1662279 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7811092 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13173456\charrsid1662279 
"Where the statute is of this kind, it is immaterial whether the parties wish the Court to try the action. It must disclaim jurisdiction, since to continue with the action would be contrary to law."
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10956189 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7811092\charrsid1662279 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13173456\charrsid1662279 Accordingly I am of the view that this action is misconceived.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7811092\charrsid1662279 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13173456\charrsid1662279 I should refer to one other submiss
ion put by the Plaintiffs and that is with reference to the Posts and Telecommunications Decree (37/1989) 1989. Part (vii) of that Decree deals with the "Transfer of Undertaking of Department of Posts and Telecommunications." Section 69 (1) is as follows:

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7811092\charrsid1662279 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7811092 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13173456\charrsid1662279 
"On such day as the Minister may by order appoint for the purposes of this part }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3475218\charrsid1662279 (in this Decree referred to as '}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13173456\charrsid1662279 the transfer date') all the property, rights and liabilities to which the Department of Posts and Telecommunications was entitled or subject im
mediately before that date shall, without further assurance (subject to the following provisions of this section) become by virtue of this section property, rights and liabilities of a company nominated for the purposes of this section by the Minister }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9714068\charrsid1662279 (in this Decree referred to as 'the Company'}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13173456\charrsid1662279 .)"
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10956189 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7811092\charrsid1662279 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13173456\charrsid1662279 
The Plaintiff argues that the Defendant as the successor of the Department takes over the liability of the recognition of the Plaintiff and that such recognition continues until determined in accordance with section 4 o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2908878\charrsid1662279 f the Act. In my view the term '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13173456\charrsid1662279 
liabilities' in the Decree does not include any supposed obligation to recognise the Plaintiff. But be that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7811092\charrsid1662279 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13173456\charrsid1662279  as it may, in my view the Decree cannot by such a side wind as the reference to liabilities have the effect
 of overcoming the express statutory provisions of section 3 of the Act already referred to.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16730679\charrsid1662279  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13173456\charrsid1662279 For the above reasons the action application fails and is accordingly dismissed. As the Defendant has succeeded on a point not taken by it there will be no order a
s to costs.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7811092\charrsid1662279 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7811092\charrsid1662279 (Judgement for the Defendants}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9637679\charrsid1662279 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7811092\charrsid1662279 )
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