{\rtf1\adeflang1025\ansi\ansicpg1252\uc1\adeff0\deff0\stshfdbch0\stshfloch0\stshfhich0\stshfbi0\deflang1033\deflangfe1033\themelang1033\themelangfe0\themelangcs0{\fonttbl{\f0\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f34\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02040503050406030204}Cambria Math;}{\flomajor\f31500\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbmajor\f31501\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fhimajor\f31502\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02040503050406030204}Cambria;}
{\fbimajor\f31503\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flominor\f31504\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbminor\f31505\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fhiminor\f31506\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020f0502020204030204}Calibri;}
{\fbiminor\f31507\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f336\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f337\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f339\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f340\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f341\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f342\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f343\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f344\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f676\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Cambria Math CE;}{\f677\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Cambria Math Cyr;}
{\f679\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Cambria Math Greek;}{\f680\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Cambria Math Tur;}{\f683\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Cambria Math Baltic;}{\f684\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Cambria Math (Vietnamese);}
{\flomajor\f31508\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flomajor\f31509\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flomajor\f31511\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flomajor\f31512\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flomajor\f31513\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flomajor\f31514\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flomajor\f31515\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flomajor\f31516\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbmajor\f31518\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbmajor\f31519\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbmajor\f31521\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbmajor\f31522\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbmajor\f31523\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbmajor\f31524\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbmajor\f31525\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbmajor\f31526\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fhimajor\f31528\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Cambria CE;}{\fhimajor\f31529\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Cambria Cyr;}{\fhimajor\f31531\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Cambria Greek;}{\fhimajor\f31532\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Cambria Tur;}
{\fhimajor\f31535\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Cambria Baltic;}{\fhimajor\f31536\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Cambria (Vietnamese);}{\fbimajor\f31538\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbimajor\f31539\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fbimajor\f31541\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbimajor\f31542\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fbimajor\f31543\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbimajor\f31544\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fbimajor\f31545\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbimajor\f31546\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flominor\f31548\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flominor\f31549\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flominor\f31551\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flominor\f31552\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flominor\f31553\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flominor\f31554\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flominor\f31555\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flominor\f31556\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbminor\f31558\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbminor\f31559\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbminor\f31561\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbminor\f31562\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbminor\f31563\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbminor\f31564\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbminor\f31565\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbminor\f31566\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fhiminor\f31568\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Calibri CE;}{\fhiminor\f31569\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Calibri Cyr;}
{\fhiminor\f31571\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Calibri Greek;}{\fhiminor\f31572\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Calibri Tur;}{\fhiminor\f31575\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Calibri Baltic;}
{\fhiminor\f31576\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Calibri (Vietnamese);}{\fbiminor\f31578\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbiminor\f31579\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fbiminor\f31581\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbiminor\f31582\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fbiminor\f31583\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbiminor\f31584\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fbiminor\f31585\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbiminor\f31586\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}}{\colortbl;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue255;\red0\green255\blue255;\red0\green255\blue0;\red255\green0\blue255;\red255\green0\blue0;
\red255\green255\blue0;\red255\green255\blue255;\red0\green0\blue128;\red0\green128\blue128;\red0\green128\blue0;\red128\green0\blue128;\red128\green0\blue0;\red128\green128\blue0;\red128\green128\blue128;\red192\green192\blue192;}{\*\defchp \fs22 }
{\*\defpap \ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 }\noqfpromote {\stylesheet{\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 
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\ts11\tsrowd\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\trcbpat1\trcfpat1\tblind0\tblindtype3\tscellwidthfts0\tsvertalt\tsbrdrt\tsbrdrl\tsbrdrb\tsbrdrr\tsbrdrdgl\tsbrdrdgr\tsbrdrh\tsbrdrv \ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \snext11 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \sqformat Normal Table;}}
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\rsid15938176\rsid15993033\rsid16005147\rsid16195128\rsid16214631\rsid16457995\rsid16528678\rsid16597091}{\mmathPr\mmathFont34\mbrkBin0\mbrkBinSub0\msmallFrac0\mdispDef1\mlMargin0\mrMargin0\mdefJc1\mwrapIndent1440\mintLim0\mnaryLim1}{\info
{\author Teniau_D}{\operator baleimatuku_l}{\creatim\yr2005\mo2\dy2\hr9\min27}{\revtim\yr2015\mo10\dy14\hr15\min39}{\version19}{\edmins146}{\nofpages8}{\nofwords4746}{\nofchars21749}{\*\company USP}{\nofcharsws26443}{\vern32859}}{\*\xmlnstbl {\xmlns1 http
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\widowctrl\ftnbj\aenddoc\trackmoves1\trackformatting1\donotembedsysfont0\relyonvml0\donotembedlingdata1\grfdocevents0\validatexml0\showplaceholdtext0\ignoremixedcontent0\saveinvalidxml0\showxmlerrors0\noxlattoyen
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\fet0{\*\wgrffmtfilter 2450}\ilfomacatclnup0\ltrpar \sectd \ltrsect\psz9\linex0\sectlinegrid272\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid7221279\sftnbj {\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang 
{\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang 
{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}
\pard\plain \ltrpar\qr \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7221279 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10365771\charrsid7221279 [1990] 36 FLR 90}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10365771 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7221279\charrsid7221279 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid549807 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7221279 HIGH COURT OF FIJI
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7221279\charrsid7221279 Civil Jurisdiction
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7221279 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7221279 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid549807\charrsid7221279 NARENDRA KUMAR}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid549807 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7221279\charrsid7221279 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7221279 v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid549807 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7221279\charrsid7221279 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid549807\charrsid7221279 SAIRUSI DRAWE, THE MINISTER FOR HOME AFFAIRS &}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10365771\charrsid7221279  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11678134\charrsid7221279 AUXILIARY ARMY SERVICES & THE ATTORNEY-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid549807\charrsid7221279 GENERAL}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid549807 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7221279\charrsid7221279 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid549807 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid549807\charrsid7221279 Palmer J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7221279 
\par 
\par 24 July 1990}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid549807\charrsid7221279 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid549807 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid549807\charrsid7221279 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid549807\charrsid7221279 Damages }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11678134\charrsid7221279 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid549807\charrsid7221279  personal injuries }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11678134\charrsid7221279 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid549807\charrsid7221279  measure of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11678134\charrsid7221279 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid549807\charrsid7221279  whether circumstances justified an award of exemplary damages.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid549807\charrsid7221279 
\par The plaintiff suffered injuries of a moderate character to his leg after shots were fired at his motor car. Liability was conceded and the High Court was only required to assess 
damages. The Court considered all the circumstances and awarded $7000 general damages for pain, suffering and loss of amenities. The Court also considered but rejected a claim for exemplary damages. It explained the circumstances in which such awards may 
be made and pointed out the different approaches which have been adopted in England and Wales on the one hand and Australia and New Zealand on the other.
\par 
\par Cases cited.
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid549807\charrsid7221279 Australia Consolidated Press v Uren}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid549807\charrsid7221279 
 (117) CLR 185, [1967] 3 All ER 523
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11678134\charrsid7221279 Broome v C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid549807\charrsid7221279 asell and Co. Ltd}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid549807\charrsid7221279  [1972] AC 1027
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid549807\charrsid7221279 Fogg v McKnight}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid549807\charrsid7221279  [1968] NZLR 330
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid549807\charrsid7221279 Gopal Naidu v Babu Lal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid549807\charrsid7221279 
 (Action 235 of 1970)
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid549807\charrsid7221279 Moti Lal v Ilikini Sauroutu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid549807\charrsid7221279 
 (Civ. Action No. 183/73)
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15993033\charrsid7221279 Phulkuar v NLTB & Ors}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11678134\charrsid7221279  (Suva S.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15993033\charrsid7221279 C. 1972)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid549807\charrsid7221279 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16005147\charrsid7221279 Rookes v Barnard}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16005147\charrsid7221279  [1964] AC 1129
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15993033\charrsid7221279 Shambu Prasad v Gurnam Singh & Anr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15993033\charrsid7221279 
 13 FLR 47
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15993033\charrsid7221279 Uren v John Fairfax and Sons Proprietary Ltd }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15993033\charrsid7221279 (117) CLR 118
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16597091\charrsid7221279 H.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15993033\charrsid7221279 M. Patel}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15993033\charrsid7221279  for the Plaintiff
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15993033\charrsid7221279 Ratu Joni Madraiwiwi & Ms. G. Phillips}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15993033\charrsid7221279 
 for the Defendants
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15993033\charrsid7221279 Palmer J:
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15993033\charrsid7221279 
\par This is an assessment of damages for personal injury following the entry by consent of Judgment for the Plaintiff for damages to be assessed.
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid731106\charrsid7221279 The plaintiff who is now 32 years of age and lives at Nasinu was driving his car on his way to work on the 21}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\super\langnp2057\insrsid731106\charrsid7221279 st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid731106\charrsid7221279  January 1988 when a shot or shots fired by the 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\super\langnp2057\insrsid731106\charrsid7221279 st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid731106\charrsid7221279  Defendant pierced his car and his left leg. }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15993033\charrsid7221279 He was taken to the CWM Hospital where he was admitted. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16214631\charrsid7221279 
An operation was performed to remove two fragments of metal from the left thigh, which had been disclosed by X-rays. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15993033\charrsid7221279 
He had apparently been attended by various Doctors while in hospital. The Plaintiff }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279 
called Dr. D. Sharma, a Consultant Surgeon. He said that he saw the Plaintiff on the 25}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\super\langnp2057\insrsid15993033\charrsid7221279 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15993033\charrsid7221279  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279 
March 1988 when the Plaintiff complained that his symptoms were persisting, there were spasms in the left knee even if sitting}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15993033\charrsid7221279 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279  He had pain in the left lower thigh in walking a distance of three chains. The pain took some time to settle down, he was not ab
le to work. He went to see Dr. Sharma to see if something had been left in the thigh because the pain and spasm were not settling down. He was limping on the left leg when walking. The left thigh on examination showed two scars two inches long vertical in
 
front and three inches long on the posterior medial side. There was marked tenderness on the medial side of the knee and the lower thigh where the injury was. There was some weakness of muscles, sensation was increased on the medial or inner side. He was 
given antibiotics and antirheumatic tablets. Dr Shanna then saw the X}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid549807\charrsid7221279 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279 rays taken at the hospital and found that both foreign bodies had been removed. He told the Plaintiff that the symptoms would settle down and he would see him later on. He told Dr Sharma 
that he was a Court Bailiff currently on sick leave.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15993033\charrsid7221279 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15993033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279 
Dr Sharma said that on the 24th January 1989 the Plaintiff saw him again at his Surgery. He complained that the symptoms had persisted, there was still pain on the inner side when walking half a mile or
 lifting even a bottle of water. He was unable to play any sport, he also said there was a swelling occurring in the region of the knee. Even driving to Navua or Tailevu, at the end of the day he had to get medication for the pain. }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16214631\charrsid7221279 On examination, two scar
s were still present, there was tenderness as before, slight weakness in extension and flexion, also the left calf muscles produced pain when moved against resistance. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279 Sensation was slightly increased from the scar to the joint line on the medial side}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15993033\charrsid7221279 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279  Fle
xion was limited in that on the left side the distance between heel and thigh was six inches and on the right it was three inches. The right knee had normal movement. There was no grating in the knee, circulation was normal, reflexes were normal, the 1988
 X}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15993033\charrsid7221279 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279 
rays were normal. Dr Sharma gave the conclusion that the Plaintiff had been injured by objects which penetrated the skin on the lower side, operation had been carried out, he was getting limited pain when walking, probably because of fibrosis. There was 
limitation of bending the left knee, he would have problems in work. Because of the time lapse from when he had last seen him since the injury he had considered that the impairment was permanent, almost no improvement would occur, it might even get worse.
 
He had already got increased sensation on the medial side below the scar. This would indicate irritation of the subcutaneous nerve and might cause pain in future if it were to get strangulated in scar tissue and may need surgery to free it. The scars were
 
either side of the major blood vessels. The scarring of tissues could be fibrosis, contraction of fibrous tissues causing obstruction of circulation. The swelling was also due to fibrosis, obstruction of lymphatic vessels converging from the lower leg to 
the site of the injury before reaching the groin. He might get swelling in the lower leg especially if the leg was dangling for any time. He saw the Plaintiff briefly on the day of the hearing and there seemed to be no improvement. He estimated}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16528678\charrsid7221279  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279 the Plaintif
f's incapacity at 12%. Dr. Sharma said he had been Chief Surgeon at the CWM Hospital for 4 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16528678\charrsid7221279 1/2 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279 years and was now in private practice for half his time. He has been in practice since 1966, four years in New Zealand as intern and Surgical Registrar and two years in the Uni}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16597091\charrsid7221279 ted Kingdom and then to the C.W.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279 
M. He held the degrees of MBBS (Bo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16597091\charrsid7221279 mbay) FRCS (England) FRCS (Edin}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279 burgh) and FRACS. In cross}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid549807\charrsid7221279 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279 examination he said he had not treated bullet wounds. He said t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15993033\charrsid7221279 here}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279  was no muscle wasting in the injured leg but the 
Plaintiff could not exert full pressure because of the pain. Circulation was normal, there was no bony abnormality. The Plaintiff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15993033\charrsid7221279  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279 had said that walking and driving caused pain. He maintained his finding of January 1989 that there was no improvement and tha
t the Plaintiff's impairment was to be regarded as permanent. He doubted whether exercise would help recuperation, he said no treatment would reduce the pathology, if he exerted himself he would get worse because of the fibrous tissue, it was a }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15993033\charrsid7221279 viscous}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279  cir
cle, he could do exercise within limits but not to exert himself. He said what the Plaintiff told him fitted in with his pathology He had never advised the use of walking aid. The Plaintiff was not dependent on others, he could maintain his normal life ac
t
ivities. On the second consultation he saw no swelling nor on the day of the trial. The Plaintiff had told him that he experienced swelling at the end of the day and that would be consistent with what he had found. He had told him that he was on pain kill
e
rs and had taken them since the injury when he got pain or exerted himself. He (Dr Sharma) had not consulted the Plaintiff's own Doctor. In his view the sequelae of injury were still persisting, he had difficulty in squatting, sitting on the floor cross l
egged or on country toilets, there was no chance of improvement. In answer to me Dr Sharma said that had there been any treatment available overseas he would have advised it but there was nothing there in his view that could help the Plaintiff.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16528678\charrsid7221279 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10900028 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279 The Defenda
nts called Dr Welby Korwa to give medical evidence. He said he was the Senior Surgical Registrar at the C.W.M. Hospital and had been so for the past ten years. He had been a qualified Doctor for 24 years. He had attended Plaintiff when seen at the C.W.M. 
H
ospital on the 21st January 1988 and he had carried out the removal of the two metallic objects. He had treated patients with shotgun wounds before. He regarded the matter as not serious. One foreign body was lodged in the lateral aspect in the fatty tiss
ue under the skin, the second one was deeper down in the thigh, they were lying in the groove between the two muscles at a depth of 5 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid549807\charrsid7221279 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10900028\charrsid7221279  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279 8 c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10900028\charrsid7221279 m}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279 
s. They were not difficult to remove, the operation was successful and the recovery uneventful, there were no unusual
 events. The healing process had been a little longer than usual with penetrating objects, 10 to 14 days. No other parts of the leg had been affected. He had last examined him on the 25th January 1990 a week before the trial when he noticed the wounds had
 
healed completely and as far as function was concerned the Plaintiff could move the leg in any direction. There was no permanent incapacity. He said it was not usual to have pain and discomfort after two years. There was no need for exercise but he was ab
le to undertake it. He could put all his weight on the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10900028\charrsid7221279  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279 leg, he could play sports, there was no prospect of further deterioration. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16214631\charrsid7221279 
In cross-examination, he said that on the 25th of January he checked the Plaintiff's reflexes but he did not ask him to walk. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279 H
e had been looked after by a number of Doctors at the hospital including himself and had been given antibiotics and dressings. He did not examine the knee nor ask him to bend the knee or do squatting. He agreed that fibrosis resulted if blood clots set in
 
and this causes fatty degeneration, this was part of the healing process and could cause rheumatic pains. In answer to me he said that the Plaintiff had been given pain killers and other medication 6 hourly while an inpatient including Indocid. The two fo
reign bodies he removed were silver metallic bodies, semi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid549807\charrsid7221279 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279 circular in shape and were parts}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16597091\charrsid7221279  of one object that had disinte}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279 
grated. When he saw the Plaintiff on the 25th of January he did not ask him if he suffered any pain or discomfort, nor whether it interfered with his work or his lifestyle, his comments were based on his notes of the injury as observed by him.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10900028\charrsid7221279 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279 The Plainti
ff who is employed in the Judicial Department of the Public Service gave evidence and called two witnesses who were officers in the same department: one, Mr. Hassan was the previous Deputy Registrar of the High Court. The Defence called two other officers
 
from the same department. The evidence establishes the following facts: The Plaintiff was 30 years of age at the time of the shooting and is married with one school child now aged 9. They were and are living with his parents. He is and was at all material
 times a Bailiff in the Sheriff's Department of the High Court. He was and is the only Bailiff in that Department and as such is responsible for the service of all summonses, notices of hearing etc and the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16597091\charrsid7221279 execution of all process em}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16597091\charrsid7221279 n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279 ating from the High Co
urt. The work involves a great deal of driving and he receives a mileage allowance for that purpose. He did and does work a certain amount of overtime some of which he is paid for and some of which is compensated for by the allowance of time off in lieu. 
He was in hospital for some eight days and had one operation, already referred to. He was released home and was on crutches for the following two weeks. While at the hospital he was given medication in the shape of painkillers. He stay}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8349259\charrsid7221279 ed home for three months where h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279 
e was assisted by his brother, his wife and neighbours etc. After that period he was given light duties for a period of time. He was kept in the office on light duties and his Supervisor assisted him by allowing him to perform light duties for a 
period of some two months. After that he returned to normal work. He was in receipt of his full public service pay at all times, his pay before the shooting was about $4,000 p.a. which was the same afterwards and the same during his period of sick leave. 
T
he position he occupies is the only one of its kind and is of the same grade as that of Court Interpreter. He has received no promotion since the shooting. Mr Hassan gave evidence to the effect that there is no scope for any promotion unless he transferre
d to another branch.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10900028\charrsid7221279 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279 
The Plaintiff says that he has pain if he has to walk any distance in excess of about half a mile and in those cases he has to take a rest and resume again. He says he cannot sit for long, his muscles seem to stretch, he gets pain after driving}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10900028\charrsid7221279  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279 
for any distance even to such places as Navua, Nausori, Naboro, he gets pain in the leg one two or three times a week, he cannot lift heavy loads now. There is evidence that for some unspecified period of time after his return to work he was limp
ing, at first quite heavily. He says the pain is affecting his work; he is not working as efficiently as previously. One of his colleagues called by the Defend}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16597091\charrsid7221279 ant said this was manifested by}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279 
 the amount of Summonses etc which seemed to be piling up on his desk. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16214631\charrsid7221279 Apparently,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279  his department has accommodated his problems by sending another officer with him when he has to perform exe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16597091\charrsid7221279 cu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279 
tions of process; he, the Plaintiff, being the only Bailiff has to be present, but on those occasions he sits in the car while the
 other officer performs the execution work; he can also help with the driving. Also he took time off from work for days or a week at time following his return to duty.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10900028\charrsid7221279 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279 He also says that his personal life has been affected by the problems about sitting and walking already mentioned. Moreover he says that his }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid549807\charrsid7221279 - }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10900028\charrsid7221279 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279 
exual life with his wife has been affected by the disability and recurrence of pain, he says relations with his wife are not as normal as they were before and his wife is complaining about this fact.
 Also he used to do gardening, growing vegetables etc which he cannot do fully now but he can do some. He also used to run and play soccer for the Judicial Sports Club. He played or practiced once a week for a number of years but has not been able to do s
o since the accident.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10900028\charrsid7221279 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279 On this material}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8073795\charrsid7221279 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279  the factors I take into account in assessing damages for pain and suffering and loss of amenities of life are these: the Plaintiff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10900028\charrsid7221279  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279 had eight days in hospital and underwent a surgical operation. Apparently}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8073795\charrsid7221279 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279  this was n
ot attended by any great difficulty and was of a more or less routine kind but nevertheless mu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15938176\charrsid7221279 st have involved some pain and }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279 discomfort. There is corroborated evidence of fairly extensive use of painkillers for a period of time. The Plaintiff was on crutch
es for two weeks and off work altogether for three months. So much for the past. As far as the future is concerned}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8073795\charrsid7221279 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279  it seems clear discomfort especially on exertion. He is experiencing difficulty with his sex life which has not been further }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10900028\charrsid7221279 ela}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279 borated in e
vidence. He has had to give up a sport which he actively pursued at least once a week when on the Judicial Department soccer team. He has some pain or discomfort in taking up certain positions such as squatting or sitting on the ground. To that }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid731106\charrsid7221279 extent,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279  he 
has suffered permanent disability. Overall as to his medical situation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16214631\charrsid7221279 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279  I prefer the evidence of Dr Sharma to that of Dr Welby Korwa. The Plaintiff is only 32 years of age and there is a possibility that his present problems may get worse and that the fibr
osis might cause rheumatic type of pain on exerting the thigh and limit his activity. At the same }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid731106\charrsid7221279 time,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279  he is able to pursue his work and except as stated maintain his ordinary life style and look after himself without any need for outside assistance. His 
disability is all in all of a moderate character. Taking all factors into account I consider that an award of $7000 is appropriate to compensate under this head.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10900028\charrsid7221279 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279 Turning to the question of loss of prospective }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid731106\charrsid7221279 earnings, which}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279 
 are also claimed, first of all it should be said that it is quite plain from the evidence that the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10900028\charrsid7221279  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279 Plaintiff has lost no income as the result of the shooting to date. As for the future, he is a Public Servant and I presume in the absence, of any evidence 
to the contrary that he is an established Public Servant. There is no evidence that he has either sought or been urged to seek employment outside the Public Service. He gave evidence that he attended school up to School Certificate level, he has no other 
skills or trade, he has always done clerical work and worked as an accounts clerk and worked for the Nausori Council before joining the Public Service. In my }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid731106\charrsid7221279 view,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279 
 no case has been made out for any award on account of prospective loss of earnings. Despite the evidence that he is not as competent as before he appears to be managing to hold down his job apparently with some indulgence from his employing department.

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10900028\charrsid7221279 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279 One does not know how long his will be extended to him but no evidence whatsoever has been led 
to indicate in what circumstances and on what terms he might be discharged from the service as a result of this injury and if so what benefits he might thereupon receive and to what extent they might fall short of his normal salary. Without that kind of e
vidence it is not only impossible to fix an appropriate amount for damage under this head but it is impossible to come to the conclusion that any damages under this head are in fact likely to arise. Similarly}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8073795\charrsid7221279 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279  nothing has been put to suggest that because of
 his injury he might find it necessary to retire before the normal retiring age and what the financial consequences of that might be and what the likelihood of this happening might be. In short, no case has been made out in respect of loss of earnings eit
her past or future.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10900028\charrsid7221279 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279 I now turn to the claim for}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10900028\charrsid7221279  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279 
special damages. There is a claim for damage to clothing in the sum of $40 and a claim for the franchise paid in respect of repairs to his car in the sum of $200 both of which are conceded and I accordingly p
ropose to allow those sums. There is further a claim for medical expenses. The Plaintiff gave evidence that he paid Dr. Sharma $225 for his report and $25 for his first check up and $5 to the hospital for its report. Notwithstanding that not a single rece
i
pt has been produced in evidence I am satisfied from the Plaintiff's evidence that he paid those amounts and I propose to allow the sum of $255 accordingly. The Plaintiff claims to have made a large number of visits to the hospital for medication but he s
ays that at the hospital and the Civil Service Clinic he did not have to pay, at times the medication was not available and he had to buy it outside. However}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8073795\charrsid7221279 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279 
 he has no receipts and gave no figure whatsoever on which any award could be based. Any allowance 
for medication purchased would be sheer guess work. He has also claimed for travel to the hospital and clinic for those purposes, but again no evidence has been led as to any expense this has involved and in view of the fact that he was receiving mileage 
for the use of his car and the total absence of any other evidence as to this I do not propose to allow anything under that head either.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16597091 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10900028\charrsid7221279 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279 Lest it should be thought that I have overlooked it, the statement of claim also contains the following claim:
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16195128\charrsid7221279 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16597091 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279 "11.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid549807\charrsid7221279  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279 
Owing to the injuries the Plaintiff suffered pain incurred financial loss and loss of amenities shall continue till he receives corrective medical treatment in New Zealand Australia in future".
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16195128 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16195128\charrsid7221279 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279 As to that the only evidence led was that from the Plaintiff'
s own doctor, Dr Sharma, already noted, to the effect that no overseas treatment would be of any benefit to the Plaintiff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16597091\charrsid7221279 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid549807 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16195128\charrsid7221279 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16195128 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279 The Plaintiff has also claimed exemplary damages.}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid549807\charrsid7221279  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279 
I have given careful consideration to that claim because at first sight there appeared to me to be some justification for marking the Court's disapproval of or punishing the first Defendant for his arbitrary action in injuring the Plaintiff}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12391194\charrsid7221279 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279 
 The leading authority on the subject as far as the English law is concerned is the decision of the House of Lords in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279 Rookes v. Barnard}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279  [1964] AC 1129. Lord Devlin on page 1226 said:
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16195128\charrsid7221279 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6571489 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6571489\charrsid7221279 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279 There are certain categories of cases in which an award of exemplary damages can serve a useful purpose in vindicating the strength of the law and thus affording a prac
tical justification for admitting into the Civil Law a principle which ought logically t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6571489\charrsid7221279 o belong to the Criminal."}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16195128 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16597091\charrsid7221279 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279 He then proceeded to set out three such categories, of which only the first is of any possible relevance in the present case. It is as follo
ws: cases where there has been "oppressive, arbitrary or unconstitutional action by the servants of the government. I have also been referred to the House of Lords case of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279 Broome v. Casell and Co. Limited}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16597091\charrsid7221279 , [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279 1972] AC 1027 in which the House discusses }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279 Rookes v Barnard}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12391194\charrsid7221279  at considerable length}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279 
. However, as Lord Hailsham points out in that case it was not concerned with Lord Devlin's first category.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16195128\charrsid7221279 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4865319 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279 
After most carefully considering all that was said in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279 Rookes v Barnard}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279  I am not persuaded that the present c
ase bears the characteristics of Lord Devlin's first category or that it qualifies for an award of exemplary damages under the law as if stood in England before }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279 Rookes v. Barnard}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279 
. The matter has not been argued very fully before me, but although in one sense the first Defendant was clearly a servant of the government, which fact is acknowledged by the other Defendants, I think the cases pre}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid549807\charrsid7221279 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279 
suppose some nexus, some transaction or dealing between the Plaintiff and the government in relation to the action in 
question. No evidence whatsoever has been led as to the circumstances of the shooting beyond the barest fact that the Plaintiffs was hit by a missile in the leg. It is conceded that the shot was fired by the first Defendant. There is no evidence as to whe
t
her this was done deliberately, recklessly or negligently although each of those matters are pleaded in the Statement of Claim and not having been controverted by any defence must be taken to be admitted. Much has been said in the authorities as to the pu
nishment for such acts which constitute also a crime being the function of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4865319\charrsid7221279  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279 the Criminal rather than the Civil Law see for example }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279 Broome v. Cassell}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279 , ibid, p. 1100 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4865319\charrsid7221279 A-B }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279 per Lord Morris, and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279 Rookes v. Barnard}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279 , ibid p. 1230 per Lord Devlin:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid549807 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4865319\charrsid7221279 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16597091 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279 "Aggravated damages
 in this type of case can do most, if not all, of the work that could be done by exemplary damages. In so far as they do not, assaults and malicious injuries to property can generally be punished as crimes, whereas the objectionable conduct in the categor
i
es in which I have accepted the need for exemplary damages are not generally speaking, within the criminal law and could not, even if the criminal law was to be amplified, conveniently be defined as crimes. I do not care for the idea that in matters crimi
nal an aggrieved party should be given an option to inflict for his own benefit punishment by a method which denies to the offender the protection of the criminal law."
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4865319 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4865319\charrsid7221279 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279 No evidence was placed before me as to whether or not the first Defendant whose identit
y by name and badge number is known, was charged and if so convicted and if not why not. Be that as it may, I have come to the view that compensatory damages taking into account all the circumstances are the appropriate measure of damages in the present c
ase. Having come to that view there is no need to discuss }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279 Rookes v. Barnard }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279 further. However}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6571489\charrsid7221279 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279  I have considered whether exemplary damages can be awarded in Fiji and in case this matter goes further it may be useful to state my conclusions.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4865319\charrsid7221279 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279 I am in no doubt that exemplary damages may be awarded in Fiji. This follows from the decisions to be mentioned shortly and also by in}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4653\charrsid7221279 ference from the Law Reform Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279 , (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid731106\charrsid7221279 Cap. 27}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279 
) Section (2) (a) which expressly excludes exemplary damages from actions by estates of deceased persons. What is less clear is whether such awards are limited to the categories postulated by Lord Devlin.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4865319\charrsid7221279 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279 It is clear from }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279 Rookes v. Barnard}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279  that their Lord
ships found themselves unable to say that there should be no awards of exemplary damages at all because of the previous history of judicial decisions on the subject. The High Court of Australia came to the view that as far as Australia was concerned the c
ategories of exemplary damages were not closed or confined to those set out in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279 Rookes v. Barnard}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279 . See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279 Australian Consolidated Press v. Uren}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279  117 CLR 185 and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279 Uren v. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4865319\charrsid7221279 John}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16597091\charrsid7221279  Fairfax and Sons Proprieta}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4865319\charrsid7221279 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16597091\charrsid7221279 y}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4865319\charrsid7221279  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279 Li}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4865319\charrsid7221279 mi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279 ted}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279  117 CLR 118. The Australian view was upheld by the Privy Council in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279 
Australian Consolidated Press Limited v Uren}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4865319\charrsid7221279  117 CLR 221, [1967] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279 3 All ER 523. In New Zealand a single Judge in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid731106\charrsid7221279 Fogg}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16597091\charrsid7221279  v. McK}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279 night}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279  [1968] NZLR 330 (Mc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16597091\charrsid7221279 G}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279 regor J) expressed the same view for New Zealand. I am unable to say with any degree of confidence whether or not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279 Rookes v Barnard}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279 , has been adopted in Fiji. In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279 Moti Lal v. Rikimi Sauroutu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279 
, Civil Action No. 183 of 1973 Stuart J referred to the topic of exemplary damages. His Lordship said after referring to the cases just referred to
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16597091 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3177856\charrsid7221279 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16597091 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279 "The position in Fiji may well be the same".

\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16597091 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3177856\charrsid7221279 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3177856 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3177856\charrsid7221279 He went}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279  on to say that exemplary damages for trespass had been awarded by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3177856\charrsid7221279 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279 uivaga J (as he then was) in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279 
Phulkuar v. Native Land Trust Board and Others}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279  1972 page 356 and by Williams J in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279 Gopal Naidu v. Babu Lal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279 
 Action 235 of 1970. His Lordship did not go on to consider those cases because of his finding that he should not award exemplary damages in that particular case. As far as I am concerned}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15486815\charrsid7221279 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279  the trail of research ends there because those two Judgments are no
t available any longer. I am not able to say therefore whether those awards were made under the pre }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid549807\charrsid7221279 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3177856\charrsid7221279  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279 Rookes v. Barnard}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279  law, or by adopting Lord Devlin's categories for Fiji.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3177856\charrsid7221279 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279 I note that in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279 
Shambu Prasad v. Gurnam Singh and Another}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16597091\charrsid7221279  13 FLR 47 Mill}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3177856\charrsid7221279 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279 Owens CJ refers to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279 Rookes v. Barnard}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279  in stating that in that particular case the Plaintiff was entitled to aggravated but not to exemplary or punitive damages, which suggests that his Lordship at least took the view that }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279 Rookes v. Barnard}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279  had application in Fiji.
 The point, as stated, has not been fully argued and therefore the determination of whether the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279 Rookes v. Barnard}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279  categories are applicable in Fiji at the present day or not must await another occasion when the matter is relevant and is fully argued.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3177856\charrsid7221279 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279 On t
he facts of the present case as placed before the Court I am of the view, as stated, that compensatory damages only are appropriate and I propose to proceed accordingly.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16597091 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3177856\charrsid7221279 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279 The total award of damages is as follows:
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10365771 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10365771\charrsid7221279 1) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10365771\charrsid7221279 Special damages}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10365771\charrsid7221279 \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab $
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16597091 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10365771\charrsid7221279 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid10365771 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10365771\charrsid7221279 Clothing \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85
\'85\'85\'85\'8540.00
\par Car Repairs (franchise) \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85200.00
\par Dr. Sharma \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85.......225.00
\par "\tab "- Report \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'8525.00
\par C.W.M. Hospital Report \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85..}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10365771\charrsid7221279 5.00}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10365771\charrsid7221279 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li5040\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin5040\itap0\pararsid10365771 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10365771\charrsid7221279 495.00
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10365771 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10365771\charrsid7221279 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10365771 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10365771\charrsid7221279 2) Pain, suffering, loss of amenities \'85
\'85........}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10365771\charrsid7221279 7000.00}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10365771\charrsid7221279 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li5040\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin5040\itap0\pararsid10365771 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10365771\charrsid7221279 $7495.00
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16597091 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3177856\charrsid7221279 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279 There will be Judgment for the Plaintiff for $7495 and costs to be taxed if not agreed.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3177856\charrsid7221279 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279 (Judgment for the Plaintiff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3177856\charrsid7221279 )}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1380268\charrsid7221279 
\par }{\*\themedata 504b030414000600080000002100828abc13fa0000001c020000130000005b436f6e74656e745f54797065735d2e786d6cac91cb6ac3301045f785fe83d0b6d8
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