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\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14238733\charrsid14817822 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10301538 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14817822 HIGH COURT OF FIJI \par \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14817822\charrsid14817822 Civil Jurisdiction \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14817822 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 THE STATE \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10301538 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10301538\charrsid14817822 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10301538 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14553659\charrsid14817822 v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10301538\charrsid14817822 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10301538 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10301538\charrsid14817822 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10301538 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10301538\charrsid14817822 REGISTRAR OF TRADE UNIONS \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10301538 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10301538\charrsid14817822 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10301538 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10301538\charrsid14817822 ex parte}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10301538\charrsid14817822 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13639823 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13639823\charrsid14817822 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10301538 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10301538\charrsid14817822 FIJI PUBLIC SERVICE ASSOCIATION \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10301538 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7424775 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7424775\charrsid14817822 Palmer J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14817822 \par \par 24 May 1990}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7424775\charrsid14817822 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7424775 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7424775\charrsid14817822 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10301538 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 Trade Unions}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10301538\charrsid14817822 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 whether actions of the Registrar }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10301538\charrsid14817822 of Trade Unions are justiciable - }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 whether organising a union on racial lines is prohibited }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10301538\charrsid14817822 - }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 whether the Registrar abused his discretion}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10301538\charrsid14817822 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 Trade Unions Act (Cap 96) Sections 2, 5, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13 & 16. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10301538\charrsid14817822 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 Judicial Review}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10301538\charrsid14817822 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 whether decisions of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10301538\charrsid14817822 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 Registrar of Trade Unions are subject to judicial review. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10301538\charrsid14817822 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 The Registrar of Trade registered the Viti Civil Servants Association despite the objections of the Applicant. The High Court in dismissing a}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10301538\charrsid14817822 motion to review the Registrar}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2445654\charrsid14817822 '}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 s decision }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 HELD:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 (i) that the Registrar}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2445654\charrsid14817822 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 s decisions are, in principle, subject to judicial review (ii) that organising a union on racial lines is not prohibited by law and (iii) that the Registrar had not breached the rules of natural justice in arriving at his decision. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10301538\charrsid14817822 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 Cases cited: \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10301538\charrsid14817822 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 Air Pacific Senior Staff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10301538\charrsid14817822 }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 Association Case}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 (Sup. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10301538\charrsid14817822 Ct. Civ. App. No. 7/1980) \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 Anisminic Ltd v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7424775\charrsid14817822 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 Foreign Compensation Commission}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7424775\charrsid14817822 [1969] 2 AC 147 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 Federated Airline Staff Association v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7424775\charrsid14817822 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 Registrar of Trade Unions & Anr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 (Sup. Ct Action No. 196/80) \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 Association of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7424775\charrsid14817822 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 Professional Engineers, Australia v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7424775\charrsid14817822 .}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 Professional Officers Assn. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7424775\charrsid14817822 C}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 ommonwealth Public Service & Anr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14817822 (1952) 73 C}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14817822 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7424775\charrsid14817822 151 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 Rendell v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7424775\charrsid14817822 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 Release on Licence Board}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 [1987] 10 NSWLR 499 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 Seafarers Union of Fiji v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7424775\charrsid14817822 .}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 The Registrar}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 of Trade Unions & Anr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7424775\charrsid14817822 35 FL}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13639823\charrsid14817822 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7424775\charrsid14817822 146 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 Swaine v. Wilson}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 (1890) 24 QBD 252 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7424775\charrsid14817822 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1205898\charrsid14817822 H.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 Nagin}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 for the Applicant \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 V. Nathan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 for the Respondent \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7424775\charrsid14817822 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 P}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2445654\charrsid14817822 al}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 mer J: \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7424775\charrsid14817822 In these proceedings the applicant Fiji Public Service Association (FPSA) is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 seeking a Judicial Review of the action of the Registrar of Trad e Unions in registering the Viti Civil Servants Association (VCSA) as a Trade Union. The application for leave was filed on the 25}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\super\langnp2057\insrsid7424775\charrsid14817822 th}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7424775\charrsid14817822 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 November 1987 and leave was granted on the 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\super\langnp2057\insrsid7424775\charrsid14817822 st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7424775\charrsid14817822 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 December 1987. The}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7424775\charrsid14817822 matter came before me on the 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\super\langnp2057\insrsid7424775\charrsid14817822 rd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7424775\charrsid14817822 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 of October 1989}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14098091\charrsid14817822 when I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14098091\charrsid14817822 as informed by Counsel for the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 Applicant that the Viti Civil Servants Association had been served but had never put in any appearance. By }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14098091\charrsid14817822 consent,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 I made Orders giving leave to both Parties to file further Affidavits. It had been agreed by Counsel there would be no oral argument and that they would both make written submissions. Accordingly by consent I ordered that the Applicant file and serve written submissions by 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\super\langnp2057\insrsid7424775\charrsid14817822 rd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7424775\charrsid14817822 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 November 1989 and the Respondent by the 17}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\super\langnp2057\insrsid7424775\charrsid14817822 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7424775\charrsid14817822 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 November 1989. In the event the Applicant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2445654\charrsid14817822 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 s submissions were filed and served on the 21}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\super\langnp2057\insrsid7424775\charrsid14817822 st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7424775\charrsid14817822 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 November 1989 and those of the Respondent on the 18}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\super\langnp2057\insrsid7424775\charrsid14817822 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7424775\charrsid14817822 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 January 1990. Both submissions were placed before me on the 17}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\super\langnp2057\insrsid7424775\charrsid14817822 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7424775\charrsid14817822 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 April 1990. In this manne r the matter which is approaching 3 years of age is pursuing its slow course. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7424775\charrsid14817822 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 Apart from the submissions the material before me consists of an affidavit sworn by Mr. Mahendra Pal Chaudhary the General Secretary of the FPSA sworn on the 25}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\super\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7175460\charrsid14817822 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 November 1987, the application for leave and Order 53 Statement and Notice of Motion for Judicial Review, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7424775\charrsid14817822 an affidavit in reply by Davendra}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 Pathik a Resident Magistrate at Suva and at the material time the Registrar of Trade Unions sworn on the 16}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\super\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7175460\charrsid14817822 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 August 1989, a furth er Affidavit by Mahendra Pal Chaudhary sworn on the 10}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\super\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7175460\charrsid14817822 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 October 1989 and finally a further Affidavit by Davendra Pathik sworn on the 19}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\super\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7175460\charrsid14817822 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 October 1989. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7424775\charrsid14817822 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 The Motion seeks an Order of Certiorari that the decision of the Registrar of Trade Unions registering the Viti Civil Servants Association as a Trade Union be removed to this Court and be quashed and a Declaration that the Registrar of Trade Unions acted in breach of the Rules of natural justice or abused his discretion under the Trade Unions Act Cap.}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2445654\charrsid14817822 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 96 o r exceeded his jurisdiction. The grounds stated are as follows: \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7424775\charrsid14817822 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7424775 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2445654\charrsid14817822 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 (a)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10301538\charrsid14817822 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 That the Registrar acted in breach of the relevant rules of natural justice and that he failed to give the applicant a hearing or a proper hearing before deciding to register Viti Civil Servants Association as a Trade Union. \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10301538 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7424775\charrsid14817822 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1319301 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 (b)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10301538\charrsid14817822 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 That the Registrar in registering Viti Civil Servants Association abused his discretion under the Trade Unions Act in that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7175460\charrsid14817822 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10301538 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1319301\charrsid14817822 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid1319301 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 1.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10301538\charrsid14817822 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 he took into consideration irrelevant matters; and \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10301538 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1319301\charrsid14817822 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid1319301 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 2.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10301538\charrsid14817822 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 he did not take into consideration relevant matters; and \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10301538 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid1319301 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1319301\charrsid14817822 3. he acted arbitrarily and or unreasonably} {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2445654\charrsid14817822 ."}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1319301\charrsid14817822 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10301538 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1319301\charrsid14817822 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 I deal first with a preliminary point taken by the Respondent. Counsel for the Respondent submits that the decision of the Registrar is not open to challenge by the applicant because of the provisions of Section 5 of the Trade Unions Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7175460\charrsid14817822 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 which is as follows: \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1319301\charrsid14817822 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1319301 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 PROTECTION OF OFFICERS \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1319301 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1319301\charrsid14817822 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1319301 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2445654\charrsid14817822 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2445654\charrsid14817822 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10301538\charrsid14817822 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 No suit shall lie against any officer appointed under the provisions of Sections 3 or 4 for anything done or omitted to be done by him in good faith and without negligence and in the exercise or intended exercise of any pow er or in the performance or intended performance of any duty co}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1319301\charrsid14817822 nferred or imposed by this Act.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2445654\charrsid14817822 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10301538 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 \par Section 3 provides for the appointment of a Registrar of Trade Unions and of a Committee of 4 persons to advise the Registrar in relation to the performance of his duties and functions. Section 4 provides for the appointment of Assistant Registrars, inspectors and other officers as may be required. In support of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1319301\charrsid14817822 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 that submission}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7175460\charrsid14817822 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 Counsel for}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1319301\charrsid14817822 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 the Respondent refers to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 Federated Airline Staff Association v Registrar of Trade Unions and Another}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 Supreme Court of Fiji Civil Action No. 196 of 1980. In that case Kermode, J stated that Section 5 affords protection to the Registrar and expressed the view that the section precludes the Court from granting the interim injunct ion sought in that action. But in my view that decision may be distinguished from the present case because that was an action in which the Federated Airline Staff Association was the Plaintiff and the Registr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1319301\charrsid14817822 ar of Trade Unions and the Attorn}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 ey}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10301538\charrsid14817822 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 General were the Defendants and the decision was of an application by the Plaintiff for an interim injunction against the Defendant. Counsel also very properly drew attention to the fact that such a provision as Section 5 may not now afford protection from review of administrative decisions by the Courts because of the decision of the House of Lords in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 Anisminic Ltd. v. Foreign Compensation Commission 1969 2 AC 147}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 . In that case the privative clause which was being discussed was in these terms: \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1319301 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1319301\charrsid14817822 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1319301 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2445654\charrsid14817822 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1319301\charrsid14817822 The determination by the Commission of any application made to them under this Act shall not be called in question in any Court of Law}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2445654\charrsid14817822 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1319301\charrsid14817822 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1319301 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1319301\charrsid14817822 \par And Lord Reid on page 170 at letter C said: \par \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1319301 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2445654\charrsid14817822 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1319301\charrsid14817822 It is a well established principle that a provision ousting the ordinary jurisdiction of the Co urt must be construed strictly meaning, I think, that if such a provision is reasonably capable of having two meanings, that meaning shall be taken which preserves the ordinary jurisdiction of the Court.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2445654\charrsid14817822 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1319301\charrsid14817822 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1319301 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1319301\charrsid14817822 \par However}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7175460\charrsid14817822 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1319301\charrsid14817822 there is hardly any need to have recourse to what was said in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1319301\charrsid14817822 Anisminic}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1319301\charrsid14817822 because in the present case the privative clause is not even of that frequently found kind. The provision of Section 5 in my view quite plainly is one which protects only against civil actions. That in my view is the plain meaning of the use of the word }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2445654\charrsid14817822 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1319301\charrsid14817822 suit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2445654\charrsid14817822 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1319301\charrsid14817822 . There is ample authority for the proposition that the protection of rights such as those being claimed by the FPSA in this matter is to be obtained by way of Judicial Review and not by way of Civil Action. In my view Se ction 5 is quite inadequate to oust the jurisdiction of the Court to entertain a Judicial Review of the Registrar}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2445654\charrsid14817822 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1319301\charrsid14817822 s decision in this case and accordingly the preliminary submission of the Respondent fails. \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10301538 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 \par In order to better deal with the various submissions made it is convenient }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10301538\charrsid14817822 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7629084\charrsid14817822 fir}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 st to say something about the scheme of the Act and secondly to set out some items of C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10301538\charrsid14817822 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 evidence which I regard as fundamental to the determination of this application. \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1319301 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1319301\charrsid14817822 \par The fundamental pr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7175460\charrsid14817822 ovision in the Act is Section 9, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1319301\charrsid14817822 which is as follows: \par \par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1319301 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1319301\charrsid14817822 REGISTRATION \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10301538 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1319301 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2445654\charrsid14817822 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1319301\charrsid14817822 9}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10301538\charrsid14817822 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 Subject to the provisions of Sections 11, 12, and 13 the Registrar shall register the Trade Union in the prescribed manner as a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10301538\charrsid14817822 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1319301\charrsid14817822 registered Trade Union.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2445654\charrsid14817822 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10301538 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1319301\charrsid14817822 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 Section 8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10301538\charrsid14817822 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 provides that application may be made for the registratio}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5519303\charrsid14817822 n of a Trade Union. Section 11 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 is as follows:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5519303\charrsid14817822 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1319301\charrsid14817822 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5519303 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 POWER OF REGISTRAR TO CALL FOR FURTHER PARTICULARS \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10301538 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5519303\charrsid14817822 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5519303 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2445654\charrsid14817822 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 11.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10301538\charrsid14817822 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 The Registrar may call for further information for the purpose of satisfying himself that any a pplication made by a Trade Union or proposed Trade Union for registration complies with the provisions of this Act or that the Trade Union or proposed Trade Union is entitled }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5519303\charrsid14817822 to registration under this Act.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2445654\charrsid14817822 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10301538 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 \par Section }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 12}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 provides for the power of the Registrar to require alteration of name, which is of no consequence in the present case. Section}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5519303\charrsid14817822 13 is important and is headed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2445654\charrsid14817822 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 Refusal of Registration}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2445654\charrsid14817822 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 . It is as }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5519303\charrsid14817822 follows}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14553659\charrsid14817822 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5519303\charrsid14817822 as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 far as relevant: \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5519303 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5519303\charrsid14817822 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5519303 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2445654\charrsid14817822 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 13.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10301538\charrsid14817822 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 (1) The Registrar may refuse to register any Trade Union if he is satisfied that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5519303\charrsid14817822 \endash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5519303 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5519303\charrsid14817822 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid5519303 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 (a)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10301538\charrsid14817822 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 The Trade Union has not complied with the provisions of this Act or of }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5519303\charrsid14817822 any regulations made thereunder: \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5519303 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5519303\charrsid14817822 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid5519303 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 (b)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10301538\charrsid14817822 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 any of the objects in the Constitution or rules of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5519303\charrsid14817822 Trade Union is unlawful or conflicts with any such provisions; \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5519303 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5519303\charrsid14817822 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid5519303 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5519303\charrsid14817822 (c) Any other Trade Union already registered is adequately representative of the whole or of a substantial proportion of the interests in respect of which the applicant seek registration; \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5519303 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5519303 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 Provided that the Registrar shall, by notice }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5519303\charrsid14817822 in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 the Gazette or otherwise, notify any registered Trade Union which appears to him to represent the same interest as the applicants of the receipt of such application and shall invite the registered Trade Union concer ned to submit in writing within a period 21 days any objection which such Trade Union may wis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5519303\charrsid14817822 h to make against registration.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2445654\charrsid14817822 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10301538 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5519303\charrsid14817822 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 It may, also be noted that Section 16 provides for an appeal against a refusal of the Registrar to register a Trade Union or a de cision to cancel or suspend such a registration. However there is no provision for any Appeal against an order of the Registrar registering a Trade Union. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5519303\charrsid14817822 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 The FPSA substantial claim may, I think, be fairly summarised as being that it is adequately represe ntative within the terms of Section 13 (1) (e) and that therefore the Registrar was wrong in granting registration to the Association and was obliged to refuse or should have refused the, same. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5519303\charrsid14817822 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 Another of the applicant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2445654\charrsid14817822 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4551653\charrsid14817822 argument }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 which loom large is that the VCSA is organised on racial lines and is therefore racially divisive. It may be a matter of conjecture to what extent that argument is prompted by a perceived loss of membership and to what extent by a genuine concern for the effects upon the communit y of registration of such a Union. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5519303\charrsid14817822 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 I now set out hereunder the critical provisions of both Unions as to objects and membership and for ease of reference I set them out side by side. They were both tendered in evidence and are critical to an understanding of the principal issue.}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399101\charrsid14817822 \par \par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3411845 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3411845\charrsid14817822 OBJECTS \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10301538 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3411845\charrsid14817822 \par \ltrrow}\trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ltrrow\ts16\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth3\trwWidth10008\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol \tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth5058\clshdrawnil \cellx4950\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4950\clshdrawnil \cellx9900\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid10301538\yts16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399101\charrsid14817822 FPSA CONSTITUTION \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5385138\charrsid14817822 Clause 4: \par \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid3411845\yts16 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2445654\charrsid14817822 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5385138\charrsid14817822 4. The objects of the Association shall be: \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid10301538\yts16 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5385138\charrsid14817822 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\pararsid3411845\yts16 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5385138\charrsid14817822 (a) To secure the membership in the Association of all bona fide Civil Servants in Fiji, other than the Unestablished staff, and all other persons who may from time to time be eligible for membership of the Association under this Constitution.}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2445654\charrsid14817822 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5385138\charrsid14817822 \cell }\pard \ltrpar \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid10301538\yts16 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399101\charrsid14817822 VCSA CONSTITUTION \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5385138\charrsid14817822 Clause 4: \par \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid3411845\yts16 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2445654\charrsid14817822 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5385138\charrsid14817822 4. The objects of the Union shall be as follows: \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid10301538\yts16 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5385138\charrsid14817822 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\pararsid3411845\yts16 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5385138\charrsid14817822 (a) To secure the complete organisation in the Union of interested workers who are Fijian Civil Servants and Civil Servants of Fijian descent, Rotuma or of Rotuman descent, Banabans or of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3411845\charrsid14817822 Banaban descent and others approved by the Annual General Meeting who are employed in the Civil Service and who are resident in the dominion.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2445654\charrsid14817822 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5385138\charrsid14817822 \cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1 \widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399101\charrsid14817822 \trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ltrrow \ts16\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth3\trwWidth10008\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth5058\clshdrawnil \cellx4950\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4950\clshdrawnil \cellx9900\row }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10301538 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7423671 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7423671\charrsid14817822 MEMBERSHIP \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10301538 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7423671\charrsid14817822 \par \ltrrow}\trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ltrrow \ts16\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth5070\clshdrawnil \cellx4962\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4170\clshdrawnil \cellx9132\pard\plain \ltrpar \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid10301538\yts16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7423671\charrsid14817822 FPSA Clause 6 (a) \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7423671\charrsid14817822 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2445654\charrsid14817822 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15736309\charrsid14817822 Membership of the Association shall be open to:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7423671\charrsid14817822 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15736309\charrsid14817822 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\pararsid15736309\yts16 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15736309\charrsid14817822 1) persons not being unestablished staff who are employed by the Fiji Government as bona fide Civil Servants, provided they are not eligible membership of any other registered Trade Union.\cell }\pard \ltrpar \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid10301538\yts16 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7423671\charrsid14817822 VCSA Clause 5 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15736309\charrsid14817822 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15736309\charrsid14817822 The Union is open to all persons of either sex who are Fijian Civil Servants or of Fijian descent, Rotuman or of Rotuman descent, B anaban or of Banaban descent, and for others approved by the Annual General Meeting who are employed in Government and who are resident in the Dominion.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2445654\charrsid14817822 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15736309\charrsid14817822 \cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1 \widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7423671\charrsid14817822 \trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ltrrow \ts16\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth5070\clshdrawnil \cellx4962\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4170\clshdrawnil \cellx9132\row }\pard \ltrpar \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10301538 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5519303\charrsid14817822 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 From the applicant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2445654\charrsid14817822 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 s submissions and Affidavits}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4551653\charrsid14817822 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 the following complaints may be gathered: \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15736309\charrsid14817822 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4551653 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 1)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10301538\charrsid14817822 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2445654\charrsid14817822 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 Unlawfulness of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15736309\charrsid14817822 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 the VCSA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2445654\charrsid14817822 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15736309\charrsid14817822 s objects}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2445654\charrsid14817822 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 . It is claimed by the applicant that the Registrar should have refuse}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15736309\charrsid14817822 d registration under Section 13}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 (1) (b) and the same point is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15736309\charrsid14817822 also raised under the heading }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2445654\charrsid14817822 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15736309\charrsid14817822 Excess of Jurisdiction}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2445654\charrsid14817822 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 . The proposition there is that the Registrar exceeded his jurisdiction}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15736309\charrsid14817822 because of the alleged unlawfulness of the Association}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2445654\charrsid14817822 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 s objects. The applicant makes reference }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15736309\charrsid14817822 to the definition of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2445654\charrsid14817822 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15736309\charrsid14817822 Trade Union}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2445654\charrsid14817822 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 in Section 2 of the Act and also to the definition of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2445654\charrsid14817822 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 employee}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2445654\charrsid14817822 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 therein. It submits that the Trade Unions Act does not anywhere allow for or mention that a Trade Union may be organised along racial lines. That submission amounts to the preposition that everything is prohibited unless it is expressly permitted. I reject this. Qui}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15736309\charrsid14817822 te clearly the converse is true.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 There is ample authority for the proposition that if something is to be prohibited or declared unlawful the legislator must do so in clea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15736309\charrsid14817822 r terms. I am surprised that a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 Trade Union should put forward the proposition that only those acts a re lawful which are expressly declared to be so by the legislature. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15736309\charrsid14817822 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 On the same topic}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4551653\charrsid14817822 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 the FPSA claims that the organisation of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15736309\charrsid14817822 the VCSA along racial line is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2445654\charrsid14817822 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15736309\charrsid14817822 inherently wrong}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2445654\charrsid14817822 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15736309\charrsid14817822 and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2445654\charrsid14817822 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15736309\charrsid14817822 inherently unlawful}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2445654\charrsid14817822 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 . I do not know what this means. It can have no conno tation in law. It is also claimed that it is contrary to Section 15 of the Constitution and Section 14 of the Protection of Fundamen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15736309\charrsid14817822 tal Rights and Freedoms of the in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 dividual Decree No. 12 of 1988. The Constitution was in effect when the Registrar made }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9574281\charrsid14817822 his decision but was no longer in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 effect where these present proceedings were instituted. However}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid351734\charrsid14817822 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 nothing turns on this because Section 14 of Decree No. 12 of 1988 substantially re}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10301538\charrsid14817822 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 enacts}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15736309\charrsid14817822 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 the provisions of Section 15 of the Constitution. That Section as far as relevant reads as follows: \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15736309\charrsid14817822 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4551653 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2445654\charrsid14817822 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9574281\charrsid14817822 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7544826\charrsid14817822 4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2445654\charrsid14817822 .-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7544826\charrsid14817822 (1) Subject to the provisions of this Decree}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2445654\charrsid14817822 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7544826\charrsid14817822 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li-720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin-720\itap0\pararsid4551653 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7544826\charrsid14817822 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4551653 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7544826\charrsid14817822 (a) no law shall make any provision that is discriminatory either of itself or in its effect; and \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li-720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin-720\itap0\pararsid4551653 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7544826\charrsid14817822 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4551653 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7544826\charrsid14817822 (b) no person shall be treated in a discriminatory manner by any person acting by virtue of any written law or in the performance of the functions of any public office of any public authority.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2445654\charrsid14817822 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7544826\charrsid14817822 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4551653 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7544826\charrsid14817822 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 It therefore has no application to the present circumstances. Moreover}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15156886\charrsid14817822 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 Section 12 (1) of the Decree almost identically re}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10301538\charrsid14817822 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2445654\charrsid14817822 enacting Section 13}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 (1) of the Constitution }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10301538\charrsid14817822 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 provides as follows: \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7544826\charrsid14817822 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4551653 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2445654\charrsid14817822 "12.-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7544826\charrsid14817822 (1) Except with his own consent, no person shall be hindered in the enjoyment of his freedom of assembly and association, that is to say, his right to assemble freely and associate with other persons including the freedom to belong to any Associations or Trade Unions for the Protection of his interests}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2445654\charrsid14817822 ."}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7544826\charrsid14817822 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4551653 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7544826\charrsid14817822 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 For these reasons I reject the submission that the Registrar in registering the VCSA eithe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2445654\charrsid14817822 r acted in breach of Section 13}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 (1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9574281\charrsid14817822 ) (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 b) of the Act or that he exceeded his jurisdiction on those grounds. It is also claimed that the objects Clause is unlawful becaus e it discriminates against Civil Servants who are not Fijian, Rotuman or Banabans or of such descent. I reject this. It does not discriminate against anybody; there are plenty of associations of various kinds whose objects and membership are oriented towa rds particular racial religious political or other objects and purposes to the exclusion of others. As long as such associations are not declared to be unlawful they are lawful. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2826728\charrsid14817822 Therefore, in my view registration of such an association under the Act should not be refused on that ground.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7544826\charrsid14817822 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 Lindley, L.J. in a Trade Union type case: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 Swaine v Wilson}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 (1890) 24 QBD 252 in referring to the question of whether the society was a legal one, said at 259:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10301538\charrsid14817822 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2445654\charrsid14817822 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 Illegality is not to be presumed: it must be established by those who rely upon it.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2445654\charrsid14817822 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7544826\charrsid14817822 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 In the present case}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2826728\charrsid14817822 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 apart from the reference to t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7544826\charrsid14817822 he Constitution and Decree No. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 12 nothing has been put forward to support the bold assertion that the VCSA is unlawful b y reason of the unlawfulness of its objects. I find that this ground has not been made out. In my view the VCSA is lawful. It should be made clear that I am not called upon to determine the desirability or otherwise of a racially orientated Trade Union. W hat the Court has to determine on this part of the case is its lawfulness or otherwise. I hold that the Registrar did not go wrong or}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7544826\charrsid14817822 exceed his jurisdiction in not being satisfied that the objects of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2445654\charrsid14817822 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7544826\charrsid14817822 the VCSA were }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2445654\charrsid14817822 unlawful in terms of Section 13}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7544826\charrsid14817822 (1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9574281\charrsid14817822 ) (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7544826\charrsid14817822 b). \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10301538 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4551653 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 2)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10301538\charrsid14817822 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5457287\charrsid14817822 The next complaint is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2445654\charrsid14817822 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 Failure to consider the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5457287\charrsid14817822 views of the Trade Unions Advisory Committee.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2445654\charrsid14817822 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 The Advisory Committee, as already noticed, is set up under Section 3 of the Act. Its function is clearly advisory and Section 3 (5) provides that the Registrar shall consult the Committee when performing any duties or functions under Section 13 and that the Committee shall tender any advice in writing. The written advice of the Committee in this case has been exhibited to the Registrar}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2445654\charrsid14817822 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 s Affidavit. I need not se t it out here. There were 3 Committee Members present, 2 of whom were not in favour of the registration and the third one was. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2826728\charrsid14817822 I note with interest that one of the members who opposed registration based his view apparently on the views expressed some time ago by another Board of which he was a member and which had resolved not to entertain Trade Unions, which were drawn up on racial lines. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 Had that member}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2445654\charrsid14817822 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 s view been a determination rather than merely an advice it would have been clearly in breach of what the Court of Appeal of New South Wales said in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 Rendell v. Release on Licence Board}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 (1987) 10 NSWLR 499 to the effect that the Board there had failed to carry out its functions or exercised its discretion by reference to a rule adopted by a body other than the Board and without regard to its applicability to the particular circumstances of the person involved in that cas e. That must reduce the weight to be given to that member}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2445654\charrsid14817822 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 s opinion. However; as already noted the Committee}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2445654\charrsid14817822 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 s function is merely to advise which was recognised by it in the last sentence of its written advice which said: \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10301538 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2374111\charrsid14817822 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2374111 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2445654\charrsid14817822 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 The members left the matter with the Registrar to make a decision}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2445654\charrsid14817822 "}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 . \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10301538 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2374111\charrsid14817822 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 This is in accordance with the law. The Registrar in his Affidavits has said that he did take the views of the Advisory Committee into account. I accept the Registrar}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2445654\charrsid14817822 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 s evidence on this point and reject this submission. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2374111\charrsid14817822 \par 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10301538\charrsid14817822 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 The next allegation is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2445654\charrsid14817822 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 Abuse of discretion}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2445654\charrsid14817822 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 . This is the only complaint of the Applicant of any substance and refers to Section 13 (1) (e) of the Act. It is also referred to elsewhere in the submissions under the heading of }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2445654\charrsid14817822 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 Unreasonableness}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2445654\charrsid14817822 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 and allegations that the Registrar}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2445654\charrsid14817822 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 s decision is tainted with irrationality and is arbitrary. \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2374111 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2374111\charrsid14817822 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10301538 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2374111\charrsid14817822 It is not the case, as has been submitted, that the registration of an applicant union is altogether discretionary. As has been seen from Section 9 of the Act there is a fundamental obligation on the Registrar to register an applicant union, subject only, for the purposes of the present submission, to Sections 13 (1) (e) and 11. It was held by Kemode, J. in the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2374111\charrsid14817822 Federated Airline Staff Association}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2374111\charrsid14817822 case and affirmed again in the }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2374111\charrsid14817822 Air Pacific Senior Staff Association}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2374111\charrsid14817822 }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2374111\charrsid14817822 case}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2374111\charrsid14817822 , Civil Appeal No. 7 of 1980 that the word }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2445654\charrsid14817822 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2374111\charrsid14817822 may}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2445654\charrsid14817822 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2374111\charrsid14817822 in Section 13 (1) of the Act is not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 permissive but enabling and that therefore if the facts are such as to satisfy the Registrar that any of the paragraphs (a) to (g) of Section 13 (1) have application he is obliged to refuse registration. I respectfully accept that interpretation. Section 11 has already been noted. The crux of the applicant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2445654\charrsid14817822 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 s complaint in this context re}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10301538\charrsid14817822 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 iterated in various forms and strongly urged is that it }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2445654\charrsid14817822 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 is adequately repre}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13006959\charrsid14817822 sentative of the whole or of a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 substantial proportion of the interests in respect of which the applicant seeks registration.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2445654\charrsid14817822 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 Under Section 13 (1) (e) the Registrar is obliged to notify any registered Trade Union which ap pears to represent the same interest as the applicants of the receipt of such application and invite it to submit any objections. I accept that inherent in that provision is a duty upon the Registrar to consider such objections, otherwise the provision wo uld be pointless. It is common ground that the applicant was notified and that it did lodge an objection. The objection, apart from reference to the alleged unlawfulness, with which I have already dealt}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2374111\charrsid14817822 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 is on the grounds of adequate representation. The Reg istrar has exhibited the note he took of this matter. I set it out below: \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2374111 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2374111\charrsid14817822 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2374111 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2445654\charrsid14817822 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2374111\charrsid14817822 REGISTRATION OF VITI CIVIL SERVANTS ASSOCIATION}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2445654\charrsid14817822 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2374111\charrsid14817822 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10301538 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2374111\charrsid14817822 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2445654 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 1.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10301538\charrsid14817822 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 Noted the views of the 3 members of the T.U.A.C. Views differ 2 to 1, 1 (Chairman)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2445654\charrsid14817822 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 absent from meeting. \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10301538 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2374111\charrsid14817822 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2445654 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 2.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10301538\charrsid14817822 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 Noted objections from FNA, FTA, and FPSA. \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10301538 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2374111\charrsid14817822 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi-698\li1418\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid2445654 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 3.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2374111\charrsid14817822 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 (i)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10301538\charrsid14817822 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 The application is in compliance with the provisions of the Trade Unions Act. \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10301538 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2374111\charrsid14817822 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li1418\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid2445654 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 (ii)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10301538\charrsid14817822 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 The applicants have given reasons for wanting to form a union of their own although there are three other unions in the same industry. \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10301538 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2374111\charrsid14817822 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li1418\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid2445654 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 (iii)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10301538\charrsid14817822 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 Membership clause is not identical to that of the other 3 unions of civil servants. \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10301538 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2374111\charrsid14817822 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li1418\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid2445654 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 (iv)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10301538\charrsid14817822 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 The ones who have signed the application have no intention of belonging to the FPSA and they have been out of that union for some time. Their feelings in the matter appear to be genuine. \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10301538 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2374111\charrsid14817822 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li1418\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid2445654 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 (v)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10301538\charrsid14817822 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 The fact that there are other unions registered which cater for civil servants is not a bar to registering the applicant union bearing in mind all the circumstances and reasons surrounding the application I consider that justice will be done by granting the application lest it be felt that certain employees have been deterred from presenting their rights through a union of their own.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2445654\charrsid14817822 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10301538 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid351734 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 In his first Affidavit, in paragraph 4, the Registrar says inter alia: \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10301538 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2374111\charrsid14817822 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid351734 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2445654\charrsid14817822 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2374111\charrsid14817822 (b) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 In the instant case section 13(1)(e) had to be specifically considered in the light of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2374111\charrsid14817822 the facts before the Registrar.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid351734 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2374111\charrsid14817822 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid351734 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 (c)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10301538\charrsid14817822 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 There are three other registered trade unions of civil servants. \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid351734 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2374111\charrsid14817822 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid351734 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 (d)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10301538\charrsid14817822 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 The membership clause of the Respondent Union is not identical with that of the other three unions of civil servants. \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid351734 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2374111\charrsid14817822 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid351734 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 (e)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10301538\charrsid14817822 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 The fact that there are other unions registered which cater for civil ser vants is not a bar to registering another union in the same industry. \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid351734 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2374111\charrsid14817822 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid351734 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2374111\charrsid14817822 (f) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 I considered the Respondent Union}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2445654\charrsid14817822 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 s application and the reasons for their wanting to register the Union. Furthermore, I also considered the objections raised and in accordance with the requirements of the Trade Unions Act and after placing the application before the Trade Unions Advisory Committee (which I am required to do under the Act) I registered the Union. \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4551653 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2374111\charrsid14817822 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid351734 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2374111\charrsid14817822 (g) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 After having considered all the material before me, I was firmly of the view that unless the Union, was registered the interests of the applicants (particularly when the facts revealed that the applicants will not be accepted as members of the appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2445654\charrsid14817822 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 s union) will not be served by any registered trade unions including those which objected to the registration.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2445654\charrsid14817822 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10301538 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2374111\charrsid14817822 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 The Applicant complains of a discrepancy between the words in parenthesis in paragraph 4(g) above and paragraph 3 (IV) of the Registrar}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2445654\charrsid14817822 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 s notes. It claims that the Registrar should have made the allegat ion as to the membership in the FPSA referred to in the above two abstracts available to the applicant and given it an opportunity to respond to it and it says that therefore the Registrar had an obligation to conduct a further inquiry in pursuance of his power under Section 11. It is said his failure to do so amounts to a failure to give a hearing and therefore a breach of natural justice. That submission is sought to be supported by Judicial Review }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 Seafarers Union of Fiji v The Registrar of Trade Unions and Another}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 (35 FLR 146). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2826728\charrsid14817822 In that case, Jesuratnam J. held that a proper enquiry was a necessary pre-requisite to resolve the question whether to register the second Respondent or not. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 But that case can be distinguished from the present one. In the first pl ace in that case the Advisory Committee had unanimously agreed to advise the Registrar to obtain clarification from the applicant union of its membership position and that the same should be done with the Seafarers Union}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2445654\charrsid14817822 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8414321\charrsid14817822 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 position. It is in that context that Jesuratnam J. said: \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8414321 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8414321\charrsid14817822 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8414321 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2445654\charrsid14817822 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8414321\charrsid14817822 It (that it to say the need for a proper enquiry) flowed logically from the Advisory Committee}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2445654\charrsid14817822 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8414321\charrsid14817822 s advice to the Registrar.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2445654\charrsid14817822 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8414321\charrsid14817822 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10301538 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8414321\charrsid14817822 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 He goes on to say: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2445654\charrsid14817822 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 This was not done in the proper way. The Registrar acted unfairly and unreasonably.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2445654\charrsid14817822 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10301538\charrsid14817822 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 Furthermore, and this gets to the real nub of this case, Jesuratnam, J. said: \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8414321\charrsid14817822 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8414321 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2445654\charrsid14817822 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8414321\charrsid14817822 The present case is not a dispute between two Unions as regards the class of employees it represents. As shown above the interests sought to be represented are practically the s ame. It is only a question of which is more representative. It is a question of mere arithmetic. When such is the case it was the elementary duty of the Registrar to have held an enquiry and investigated into the truth of the claim of membership made by t he respective Unions.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2445654\charrsid14817822 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8414321\charrsid14817822 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10301538 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8414321\charrsid14817822 \par In the objections filed in the present case by the FPSA no membership figures either of its or the other Union are given. \par \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 The case has not been presented by either party as turning on membership numbers. Very little material has bee n placed before me as to the case put forward by the VCSA. I note what the Registrar said in paragraph 3 (IV) of his Note. What is said there, and the inference of some split and/or hostility between the VCSA applicants and the FPSA receives some support from what the General Secretary of the FPSA, Mr. Chaudhary said in the objection to registration: \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8414321\charrsid14817822 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8414321 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2445654\charrsid14817822 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8414321\charrsid14817822 The applicant Association has been initiated by a splinter group in the FPSA and their intention, as stated in the membership clause, is to poach members fro m all four registered Civil Service Unions.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2445654\charrsid14817822 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8414321\charrsid14817822 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10301538 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8414321\charrsid14817822 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 This tends to support the Registrar}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2445654\charrsid14817822 '}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 s acceptance of the VCSA applicants unhappiness with the FPSA.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8414321\charrsid14817822 \par \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 I do not think the Registrar needed to resolve whether the VCSA members were unable to belong to the FPSA or w hether they were unwilling. That was not the decisive factor on the question of adequacy of representation. I have carefully considered whether the Registrar should have put this matter to the FPSA with an opportunity to respond. But what would it have co ntributed to his deliberations? \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8414321\charrsid14817822 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 The FPSA have not placed before me what their response would have been. But assuming the highest point in their favour it could only have been to the effect that the VCSA applicants were welcome to remain in or return to the FPSA. That would not have advanced the position. Nor would it have assisted}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8414321\charrsid14817822 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 the Registrar in determining whether the particular interests of the VCSA applicants were being adequately represented by the FPSA. There was no need to make an enquiry if the out come was not likely to affect the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 result }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 of the application. The decisive point lay elsewhere. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8414321\charrsid14817822 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 It must be borne in mind that the matter is governed by statute. The Registrar was obliged by Section 9 to register the VCSA unless he was satisfied }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10301538\charrsid14817822 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8414321\charrsid14817822 in terms of Section 13}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 (1) (e) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10301538\charrsid14817822 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 that the FPSA is ad}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8729822\charrsid14817822 equately representative of the w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 hole or of a substantial proportion of the interests in respect of which the applicants sought registration. Quite clearly he was not so satisfied. The onus lies on the objector (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 Association of Professional Engineers Australia v Professional Officers Association Commonwealth Public Service and Others}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14817822 (1952) 73 CAR}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 151). This is also clear from Section 13. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8414321\charrsid14817822 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 In the circumstances}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid351734\charrsid14817822 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 I hold that the Registrar did not abuse his discretio n, nor was he guilty of any breach of the rules of natural justice in not holding an enquiry under Section 11. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8414321\charrsid14817822 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 But there is another difference between the two unions; apart from the racial one. Although the point has not been expressly adverted to by eith er party it is in my view important to the determination of this application. The object and membership clauses of the FPSA contain the express exclusion of Unestablished Staff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8729822\charrsid14817822 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10301538\charrsid14817822 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 Those of the VSCA do not contain that exclusion and in fact positively embrace all persons (of the described races) employed in the Civil Service. In the light of this it is just not true for Mr. Chaudhary in his Affidavit to says}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10301538\charrsid14817822 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2445654\charrsid14817822 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 That the applicant is the only Union which caters for membership of all the Civil Servants}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2445654\charrsid14817822 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 or that it and three other named Unions }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2445654\charrsid14817822 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 adequately catered and continues to fully represent and cater for the Civil Servants of all categories.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2445654\charrsid14817822 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 I can take judicial notice of the facts: \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8414321\charrsid14817822 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8414321 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 (a)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10301538\charrsid14817822 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 that Unestablished Civil Serv ants form a substantial proportion of the interests concerned, and \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10301538 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8414321\charrsid14817822 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8414321 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 (b)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10301538\charrsid14817822 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 that Fijians Rotumans and Banabans and persons of those respective descents similarly form a substantial proportion of such interest. \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10301538 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8414321\charrsid14817822 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 Indeed the Fiji Service Commissions Decree No. 7/ 188 provides in Section 6 (10) for a 50 per cent component of such persons in the Public Service. In those circumstances I am not prepared to say that the Registrar was wrong in not being satisfied that the FPSA is adequately representative of the whole o r of a substantial proportion of the interest in respect of which the VCSA sought registration, in accordance with Section 13}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4551653\charrsid14817822 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 1(e). \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12934791\charrsid14817822 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 Nor am I persuaded that a reasonable Registrar would have had to refuse to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12934791\charrsid14817822 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 register the Association (the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2445654\charrsid14817822 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 Wednesbury principle}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2445654\charrsid14817822 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 ).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10301538\charrsid14817822 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 For these reasons the Motion is dismissed. The Applicant is to pay Respondents costs. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12934791\charrsid14817822 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13923970\charrsid14817822 (Motion for Judicial Review dismissed.)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12934791\charrsid14817822 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14817822\charrsid14817822 \par }{\*\themedata 504b030414000600080000002100828abc13fa0000001c020000130000005b436f6e74656e745f54797065735d2e786d6cac91cb6ac3301045f785fe83d0b6d8 72ba28a5d8cea249777d2cd20f18e4b12d6a8f843409c9df77ecb850ba082d74231062ce997b55ae8fe3a00e1893f354e9555e6885647de3a8abf4fbee29bbd7 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