{\rtf1\adeflang1025\ansi\ansicpg1252\uc1\adeff0\deff0\stshfdbch0\stshfloch0\stshfhich0\stshfbi0\deflang1033\deflangfe1033\themelang1033\themelangfe0\themelangcs0{\fonttbl{\f0\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f34\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02040503050406030204}Cambria Math;}{\flomajor\f31500\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbmajor\f31501\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fhimajor\f31502\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02040503050406030204}Cambria;}
{\fbimajor\f31503\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flominor\f31504\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbminor\f31505\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fhiminor\f31506\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020f0502020204030204}Calibri;}
{\fbiminor\f31507\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f336\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f337\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f339\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f340\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f341\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f342\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f343\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f344\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f676\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Cambria Math CE;}{\f677\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Cambria Math Cyr;}
{\f679\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Cambria Math Greek;}{\f680\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Cambria Math Tur;}{\f683\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Cambria Math Baltic;}{\f684\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Cambria Math (Vietnamese);}
{\flomajor\f31508\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flomajor\f31509\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flomajor\f31511\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flomajor\f31512\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flomajor\f31513\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flomajor\f31514\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flomajor\f31515\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flomajor\f31516\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbmajor\f31518\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbmajor\f31519\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbmajor\f31521\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbmajor\f31522\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbmajor\f31523\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbmajor\f31524\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbmajor\f31525\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbmajor\f31526\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fhimajor\f31528\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Cambria CE;}{\fhimajor\f31529\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Cambria Cyr;}{\fhimajor\f31531\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Cambria Greek;}{\fhimajor\f31532\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Cambria Tur;}
{\fhimajor\f31535\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Cambria Baltic;}{\fhimajor\f31536\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Cambria (Vietnamese);}{\fbimajor\f31538\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbimajor\f31539\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fbimajor\f31541\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbimajor\f31542\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fbimajor\f31543\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbimajor\f31544\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fbimajor\f31545\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbimajor\f31546\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flominor\f31548\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flominor\f31549\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flominor\f31551\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flominor\f31552\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flominor\f31553\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flominor\f31554\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flominor\f31555\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flominor\f31556\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbminor\f31558\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbminor\f31559\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbminor\f31561\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbminor\f31562\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbminor\f31563\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbminor\f31564\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbminor\f31565\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbminor\f31566\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fhiminor\f31568\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Calibri CE;}{\fhiminor\f31569\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Calibri Cyr;}
{\fhiminor\f31571\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Calibri Greek;}{\fhiminor\f31572\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Calibri Tur;}{\fhiminor\f31575\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Calibri Baltic;}
{\fhiminor\f31576\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Calibri (Vietnamese);}{\fbiminor\f31578\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbiminor\f31579\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fbiminor\f31581\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbiminor\f31582\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fbiminor\f31583\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbiminor\f31584\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fbiminor\f31585\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbiminor\f31586\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}}{\colortbl;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue255;\red0\green255\blue255;\red0\green255\blue0;\red255\green0\blue255;\red255\green0\blue0;
\red255\green255\blue0;\red255\green255\blue255;\red0\green0\blue128;\red0\green128\blue128;\red0\green128\blue0;\red128\green0\blue128;\red128\green0\blue0;\red128\green128\blue0;\red128\green128\blue128;\red192\green192\blue192;}{\*\defchp \fs22 }
{\*\defpap \ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 }\noqfpromote {\stylesheet{\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp5129 \snext0 \sqformat \spriority0 Normal;}{\*\cs10 \additive \ssemihidden Default Paragraph Font;}{\*
\ts11\tsrowd\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\trcbpat1\trcfpat1\tblind0\tblindtype3\tscellwidthfts0\tsvertalt\tsbrdrt\tsbrdrl\tsbrdrb\tsbrdrr\tsbrdrdgl\tsbrdrdgr\tsbrdrh\tsbrdrv \ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \snext11 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \sqformat Normal Table;}}
{\*\rsidtbl \rsid393664\rsid460859\rsid527030\rsid813005\rsid994578\rsid1119735\rsid1508796\rsid1514848\rsid1589652\rsid2046255\rsid2427179\rsid2975132\rsid3498677\rsid4225748\rsid4470331\rsid4546670\rsid4610032\rsid5128379\rsid5186120\rsid5525179
\rsid5768244\rsid5770134\rsid5770186\rsid5929063\rsid5987398\rsid6295708\rsid6364230\rsid6447532\rsid6630575\rsid6775661\rsid7236449\rsid7419930\rsid7608074\rsid7675540\rsid7806427\rsid8005561\rsid8083738\rsid8213454\rsid8259036\rsid8281614\rsid8457243
\rsid8859266\rsid8919370\rsid9116693\rsid9141430\rsid9256512\rsid9445429\rsid9962276\rsid10183342\rsid10184264\rsid10310365\rsid11279494\rsid11368878\rsid11473973\rsid11803438\rsid12068989\rsid12070965\rsid12344994\rsid12784118\rsid12910991\rsid12936677
\rsid12978454\rsid13525455\rsid13572347\rsid13655623\rsid14047344\rsid14122326\rsid14184625\rsid14444996\rsid14510270\rsid14706633\rsid15156130\rsid15413052\rsid15479570\rsid15676527\rsid16082965\rsid16273563\rsid16521419\rsid16526521\rsid16540082}
{\mmathPr\mmathFont34\mbrkBin0\mbrkBinSub0\msmallFrac0\mdispDef1\mlMargin0\mrMargin0\mdefJc1\mwrapIndent1440\mintLim0\mnaryLim1}{\info{\author Teniau_D}{\operator baleimatuku_l}{\creatim\yr2005\mo2\dy1\hr10\min18}{\revtim\yr2015\mo10\dy12\hr16\min43}
{\version68}{\edmins556}{\nofpages12}{\nofwords6469}{\nofchars30500}{\*\company USP}{\nofcharsws36896}{\vern32859}}{\*\xmlnstbl {\xmlns1 http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/word/2003/wordml}}
\paperw11904\paperh16834\margl1440\margr1440\margt1440\margb1440\gutter0\ltrsect 
\widowctrl\ftnbj\aenddoc\trackmoves1\trackformatting1\donotembedsysfont0\relyonvml0\donotembedlingdata1\grfdocevents0\validatexml0\showplaceholdtext0\ignoremixedcontent0\saveinvalidxml0\showxmlerrors0\noxlattoyen
\expshrtn\noultrlspc\dntblnsbdb\nospaceforul\subfontbysize\hyphcaps0\formshade\horzdoc\dgmargin\dghspace100\dgvspace120\dghorigin1440\dgvorigin1440\dghshow0\dgvshow3\jcompress\viewkind4\viewscale140\pgbrdrhead\pgbrdrfoot\nolnhtadjtbl\rsidroot15413052 
\fet0{\*\wgrffmtfilter 2450}\ilfomacatclnup0\ltrpar \sectd \ltrsect\psz9\linex0\sectlinegrid272\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid8281614\sftnbj {\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang 
{\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang 
{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}
\pard\plain \ltrpar\qr \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5768244 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5768244\charrsid8281614 [1989] 35 FLR 180
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12978454 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16521419\charrsid8281614 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5768244 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8281614 HIGH COURT OF FIJI
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8281614\charrsid8281614 Civil Jurisdiction
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8281614 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 THOMAS D. HUNTER & PEARLEEN HUNTER}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8281614\charrsid8281614 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8281614 v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8281614\charrsid8281614 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 FRANCIS JOSEPH APGAR & DOROTHY OLITA APGAR
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8281614 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 Palmer J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8281614 
\par 
\par 15 September 1989}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5768244\charrsid8281614 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12978454 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 Land }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5768244\charrsid8281614 - }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 purchase of land by non}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5768244\charrsid8281614 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 
residents whether agreement to purchase subsequently approved by the Minister enforceable}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5768244\charrsid8281614  - }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 Land Sales Act (Cap 137) Section 6.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5768244\charrsid8281614 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 The Plaintiffs who were non}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5987398\charrsid8281614 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 residents entered into an agreement with the Defendants to purchase land in Fiji. The agreement was
 conditional upon obtaining the consent of the Minister which in due course was forthcoming. The}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12978454\charrsid8281614  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 Defendants then rescinded the agreement. The High Court, giving its ruling on}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5987398\charrsid8281614  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 a preliminary issue HELD: that Section 6 of the Land Sales Act was intended to ensure that the Minister}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 
s consent was obtained prior to the contract for the sale of the land being entered into and that consent given subsequently to the formation of the contract was void.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5987398\charrsid8281614 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 Per Curiam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 
: the Application Form for consent as used by the Ministry is a nullity and of no effect.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5987398\charrsid8281614 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 Cases cited:
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5987398\charrsid8281614 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 Chalmers v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5987398\charrsid8281614 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614  Pardoe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614  [1963] 3 All ER 552
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 Cope v. Rowlands}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614  (1836) 2 M&W 149}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5987398\charrsid8281614 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5987398\charrsid8281614 E.D.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10183342\charrsid8281614 B. Waite (Overseas L}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 td) v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5987398\charrsid8281614 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614  Sidney Leslie Wallath}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614  (1972) 18 FLR 141
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 Denning v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5987398\charrsid8281614 . Edwardes}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5987398\charrsid8281614  [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8005561\charrsid8281614 961}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 ] AC 245
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 George v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5987398\charrsid8281614 . Greater Adelaide L}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 and Development Co. Ltd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5987398\charrsid8281614 43 CLR 91
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 Harnam Singh & Bakshish Singh v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5987398\charrsid8281614 .}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614  Bawa Singh}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5987398\charrsid8281614 (1958) 6 FLR 31
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 J. Kissun v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5987398\charrsid8281614 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614  Sumintra}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614  (1970) 16 FLR 165
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 Ogden Industries Ltd v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5987398\charrsid8281614 . Lucas}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5987398\charrsid8281614  [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 1969] 1 All ER 121}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5987398\charrsid8281614 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 Phalad v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5987398\charrsid8281614 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614  Sukh Raj}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614  FCA Reps 78/471
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 St. John Shipping }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5987398\charrsid8281614 
Corporation v. Joseph Rank Ltd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5987398\charrsid8281614  [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 
1957] 1 QB 267
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5987398\charrsid8281614 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 K}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614  Chauhan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5987398\charrsid8281614 for the Plaintiffs
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 D. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5987398\charrsid8281614 Wh}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 ippy}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614  for the Defendants
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5987398\charrsid8281614 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 Trial of preliminary issue in the High Court.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8005561\charrsid8281614 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 Palmer J:
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8005561\charrsid8281614 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8005561 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 
By a Writ of Summons issued on the 29th of August, 1986 the Plaintiffs instituted proceedings against the Defendants in respect of the purchase of certain lands and some assets associated therewith from the Defendants. The Defendants}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8005561\charrsid8281614  have defended the action and have counter}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13572347\charrsid8281614 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8005561\charrsid8281614 
claimed in respect of the same transaction. The matter has been lying dormant for some two years, but now the parties have agreed to seek from the Court a ruling upon a preliminary point of law arising in the action.
\par 
\par The point of law submitted by consent to the Court for determination is as follows:-
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8005561 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 Having regard to the provisions }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11473973\charrsid8281614 of Section 6 of the Land Sales}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12978454\charrsid8281614  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 
Act Cap 137 is the agreement or contract for sale and purchase of land dated the 30th day of October, 1985 between the Plaintiffs and the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8005561\charrsid8281614 
Defendants (hereinafter called }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8005561\charrsid8281614 
the said agreement}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 
) unlawful, illegal and unenforceable at law, as contended by the Plaintiffs or is the said agreement a lawful and enforceable contract of sale and purchase }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8005561\charrsid8281614 as contended by the Defendants.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12978454 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 
\par The parties h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8005561\charrsid8281614 ave agreed the following facts:-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8005561\charrsid8281614 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8005561 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 1.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12978454\charrsid8281614  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 The Plaintiffs at all material times were non}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8005561\charrsid8281614 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 residents of Fiji as defined in the Land Sales Act;
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8005561 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8005561\charrsid8281614 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8005561 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 2.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12978454\charrsid8281614  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 
The Defendants at all material times were residents of Fiji as defined in the Land Sales Act.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8005561 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8005561\charrsid8281614 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8005561 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 3.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12978454\charrsid8281614  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 The Pl
aintiffs and the Defendants entered into the said agreement whereby the Plaintiffs agreed to purchase and the Defendants agreed to sell to the Plaintiffs certain freehold lands comprised and described in CT Nos. Volume 46/4581, Volume 46/4582 and Volume 4
6/4583 containing in the aggregate an area of 850 acres for the price of $US475,000;
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8005561 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8005561\charrsid8281614 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8005561 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 4.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12978454\charrsid8281614  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14122326\charrsid8281614 The sum of $US150,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8259036\charrsid8281614  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14122326\charrsid8281614 000}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614  was paid as a deposit by the Plaintiffs to the Defendants}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614  agent Ragg and Associates and the same being held by the said agent as stakeholder for both of the parties.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8005561 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8005561\charrsid8281614 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8005561 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 5.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12978454\charrsid8281614  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 The said Agreement was made conditional upon:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8005561 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8005561\charrsid8281614 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid8005561 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 the consent of the Minister of Lands to the transfer of property under the Land Sales Act to the purchaser.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8005561 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8005561\charrsid8281614 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8005561 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 6.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12978454\charrsid8281614  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 
At the time of the signing of the said Agreement no application had been made to the Minister of Lands for his consent
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8005561 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8005561 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 7.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12978454\charrsid8281614  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 An application for consent was subsequentl}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8005561\charrsid8281614 y made and the Minister of Land}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 s consent was granted on the 2nd day of May, 1986.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12978454 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8005561\charrsid8281614 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8005561 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8005561\charrsid8281614 8. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 The said Agreement provided that the settle}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8005561\charrsid8281614 ment date be on or before the 1}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 st day of June, 1986.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12978454 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8005561\charrsid8281614 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8005561 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8005561\charrsid8281614 9. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 By letter dated 11th July 1986 the Defendants through their Solicitor gave notice of their rescission of the said A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8005561\charrsid8281614 greement and by letter dated 21}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 
st August, 1986, the Plaintiffs through their Solicitors repudiated the contract of sale and issued the Writ herein on 29th August, 1986.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12978454 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8005561\charrsid8281614 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 The Land Sales Act (Cap 137) which was passed on 22nd February, 1974}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12978454\charrsid8281614  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8005561\charrsid8281614 ontains the following preamble:-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8005561\charrsid8281614 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8005561 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 An act to provide for the regulation of certain speculative and other dealings in land and t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8005561\charrsid8281614 he taxation of profits thereon.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12978454 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8005561\charrsid8281614 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 Section 6 of th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8005561\charrsid8281614 e Act is headed }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 Purchase of land by non}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8005561\charrsid8281614 -resident.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8005561\charrsid8281614  The Section is as follows:-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8005561\charrsid8281614 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8005561 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 (1)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12978454\charrsid8281614  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 No non}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8005561\charrsid8281614 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 
resident or any person acting as his agent shall without the prior consent in writing of the Minister responsible for land matters make any contract to purchase or to take on lease any land;
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8005561 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8005561\charrsid8281614 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8005561 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 
Provided that nothing contained in this subsection shall operate to require such consent or prevent a non}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8005561\charrsid8281614 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 resident from making any such contract if the land together with any other land in Fiji of such non}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8005561\charrsid8281614 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 resident does not exceed in the aggregate an area of one acre.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8005561 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8005561\charrsid8281614 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8005561 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 (2)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12978454\charrsid8281614  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 
The Minister responsible for land matters may require any application for his consent ment
ioned in subsection (1) to be in the appropriate form and may refuse his consent without assigning any reason, or may specify terms whether by way of imposition of bond or otherwise upon which such consent is conditional.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8005561 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8005561\charrsid8281614 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8005561 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8005561\charrsid8281614 (3) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 No appeal shall lie against a decision by the Minister responsible for land matters made under this section.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8005561 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8005561\charrsid8281614 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8005561 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 (4)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12978454\charrsid8281614  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 
The provisions of this section shall not apply to dealings in native land, as defined by the Native Land Trust Act, or to the original grant of any lease or licence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8005561\charrsid8281614 by the Native Land Trust Board.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12978454 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8005561\charrsid8281614 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 The Agreement as already noticed was made on the 30th October, 1985.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12978454\charrsid8281614  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 
The original has been exhibited on this application. There has also been exhibited the original application to the Minister which is signed by the vendors on t
he 16th of December 1985 and by the purchasers on the 24th January, 1986. The approval of the Minister endorsed thereon is dated the 2nd May, 1986.
\par 
\par In this }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8083738\charrsid8281614 judgment,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 
 I am dealing only with the land content of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8005561\charrsid8281614  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 
the agreement. Nothing I say herein is to be taken as affecting any property other than land which was to pass between the parties.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid460859\charrsid8281614 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 Counsel on both sides have made written submissions in support of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8005561\charrsid8281614  their}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 
 respective contentions on the preliminary point. I am grateful to counsel for these lucid and relevant submissions and the authorities therein collected which have made my task less difficult than it otherwise might have been.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid460859\charrsid8281614 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 The first thing to note in the Act is that Section 6 is directed specifically at a potential purchaser. The next point to note is}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid460859\charrsid8281614  that Section 17 provides that:-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid460859\charrsid8281614 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12068989 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 Any person who wilfully contravenes the provisions of this Act or of any terms of any consent thereunder shall be guilty of an offen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid460859\charrsid8281614 ce and liable on conviction to:-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12978454 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid460859\charrsid8281614 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid460859 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 (a)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12978454\charrsid8281614  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 a fine of one thousand dolla}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid460859\charrsid8281614 rs or of an amount equal to one-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 
quarter of the purchase price or to total or partial forfeiture of any bond required by this act or by any order made thereunder, whichever is the greater; or
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12978454 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid460859\charrsid8281614 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid460859 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 (b)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12978454\charrsid8281614  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 imprisonment for a period not exceeding five years; or
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12978454 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid460859\charrsid8281614 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid460859 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 (c)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12978454\charrsid8281614  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 both such fine }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid460859\charrsid8281614 or forfeiture and imprisonment.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12978454 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid460859\charrsid8281614 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 Counsel for the Plaintiffs have referred to authorities on the question whether any purported contract made without the Minister}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 
s prior consent in a case such as this is void rather than voidable at the option of one or other
 of the parties and that this can be deduced on the basis of the test of the purpose of the act, which is plainly described in the preamble and also the presence of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid460859\charrsid8281614  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 the penalty provision.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid460859\charrsid8281614 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 I will refer to this when I come to the authorities.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid460859\charrsid8281614 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 The Plaintiff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 s case essentially is that as the Minister}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 s consent in writing was not obtained prior to the making of the agreement the same is unlawful and unenforceable. The Defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 s case is that the agreement was made conditional upon the consent of the 
Minister of Lands to the transfer of the property and that such consent was granted by the Minister in writing on the 2nd May 1986. On that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8083738\charrsid8281614 basis,}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614  the Defendants say that the agreement was not a contract of purchase of land under the Land Sales Act until t
he Minister granted his consent on the 2nd May 1986 and that thereafter the sale agreement became a lawful and enforceable contract of sale and purchase of the land under the laws of Fiji. However, the Plaintiffs in reply to that contention say that the o
btaining of the prior consent in writing of the Minister is a condition precedent and not a condition subsequent to the making of any contract to purchase.
\par 
\par Th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid460859\charrsid8281614 erefore, they say, the Minister}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 '}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 s purported consent subsequent to the making of the agreement is i
neffective and does not validate it and likewise the condition contained in the agreement does not serve to do that either.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12978454\charrsid8281614  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 They say that any}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid460859\charrsid8281614  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 such contract is void, being prohibited by the statute, and it matters not whether it happens to be a conditional agreement or otherwise.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid460859\charrsid8281614 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 As I understand the Defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 '}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 s case a real difficulty in this matter is that if the Section is interpreted literally no Agreement can ever be made. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid460859\charrsid8281614 In order to obtain the Minister}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 s consent some agreement must have been reached and on a literal interpretation of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid460859\charrsid8281614 
 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 the Section such Agreement is unlawful and therefore the question is t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid460859\charrsid8281614 o be asked how can the Minister}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 s consent ever be obtained. Counsel have made detailed submissions and cited authorities in relation to that point and I will now turn to some of these.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid460859\charrsid8281614 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 The Defendants rely very heavily on an argument that the consent required by Section 12 of the Native Land Trust Act (Cap. 134) is much akin
 to the consent required under Section 6 of the Land Sales Act. It is common ground among the parties that there seems to be no case in the Fiji Courts which dealt with the consent required under Section 6 of the Land Sales Act. Indeed it may be said that
 the Defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 
s case rests on applying to Section 6 of the Land Sales Act the same interpretations which they say Section 12 of the Native Land Trust Act has received.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid460859\charrsid8281614 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 Section 12 o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid460859\charrsid8281614 f the latter Act is as follows:-}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid460859\charrsid8281614 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid460859 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 12}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 .-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 (1)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12978454\charrsid8281614  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 Except as may be otherwise provided by Regulations made hereunder it shall not be lawful for an}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid460859\charrsid8281614 y}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 
 lessee under this Ordinance to alienate or deal with the land comprised in his lease or any part thereof whether by sale, transfer or sub}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13525455\charrsid8281614 -le}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 ase or in other manner whatsoever without the conse
nt of the Board as lessor or head lessor first had and obtained. The granting or withholding of consent shall be in the absolute discretion of the Bo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid460859\charrsid8281614 
ard and any sale, transfer, sub}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7236449\charrsid8281614 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 
lease or other unlawful alienation or dealing affected without such }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid460859\charrsid8281614 consent shall be null and void.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12978454 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid460859\charrsid8281614 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 There follows a proviso which is not relevant.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid460859\charrsid8281614 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid460859 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 (2)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12978454\charrsid8281614  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 For the purposes of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid460859\charrsid8281614  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 this}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid460859\charrsid8281614  Section }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid460859\charrsid8281614 lease}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid460859\charrsid8281614  includes a sub}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9141430\charrsid8281614 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid460859\charrsid8281614 lease and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid460859\charrsid8281614 lessee}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614  includes a sub}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14510270\charrsid8281614 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid460859\charrsid8281614 lessee}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12978454 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid460859\charrsid8281614 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 The preamble to the Native Land Trust Act, which was first pas}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid460859\charrsid8281614 sed in 1940, reads as follows: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 An Act relating to the control and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid460859\charrsid8281614  administration of native land.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid460859\charrsid8281614  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8083738\charrsid8281614 Under the Act, the control of all native land is vested in the Native Land Trust Board (Section 4). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 Native land may not be alienated by any means except to t
he Crown (Section 5). The Board may grant leases or licences (Section 8) but not without satisfying itself of certain matters prescribed by Section 9. It is in that situation that one comes to Section 12 which, as has been seen, prescribes for the consent
 of the Board in its capacity as the lessor or head}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid460859\charrsid8281614 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 lessor. It seems to me therefore that the purpose and scheme of that Act is quite a different one}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid460859\charrsid8281614  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 from the Land Sales Act.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid460859\charrsid8281614 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 The Land Sales Act, as already noticed, aims directly at the non}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid460859\charrsid8281614 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 resident. It provides a mechanism to ensure that a non}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid460859\charrsid8281614 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 
resident cannot obtain any enforceable right in relation to land right at the outset, the Minister has had the opportunity of prohibiting any such transaction or imposing terms and conditions for his consent to the same.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid460859\charrsid8281614 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 The Defendants are relying on two cases. The first is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 D.B. Waite (Overseas Ltd) v. Sidney Leslie Wallath}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614  (1972) 18}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 FLR 141 and the second is a case referred to therein: }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 Denning v. Edwardes}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614  [1961] AC 245.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 
The latter is a Privy Council decision. In the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 D.B. Waite}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 
 case, there was an Agreement between the parties for the sale and purchase of a parcel of land held under a native lease. It was held by the Fiji Court of Appeal that the Agreement was one in which the parties intended to effect the transfer of}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid460859\charrsid8281614  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 
the native lease after satisfying the requirements of the law as to the consent of the Board; not having being implemented in any way except by payment of the deposit the Agreement had not been vitiated by lack of consent. It was further held that pending
 the granting of the consent the Agreement was inchoate or inoperative and could not therefore be made the basis of an action for damages when the consent was not forthcoming. Gould V}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid460859\charrsid8281614 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 P. on p. 145 referred to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 Chalmers v. Pardoe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8281614  [1963] 3 All ER}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614  552}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614  That was an appeal concerning the Native Land Trust Act to the Privy Council. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid460859\charrsid8281614 
His Lordship said on that page:-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid460859\charrsid8281614 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid460859 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 The Privy Council considered the transaction as a sublease but even regarding it as a licence to occupy coupled with possession thei}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid460859\charrsid8281614 r Lordships held that it was a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid460859\charrsid8281614 dealing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614  within the meaning of Section 12 and consequently unlawful. They referred however to the fact that in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid460859\charrsid8281614 Harn}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 am Singh & Bakshish Singh v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid460859\charrsid8281614 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614  Bawa Singh}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614  (1958) 6 FLR 31, the Fiji Court of Appeal had said that it would be an absur}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid460859\charrsid8281614 
dity to say that a mere Agreem}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 ent to deal with land would contravene Section 12 for there must necessarily be some prior agreement in all such cases.
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12978454\charrsid8281614  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 
The Privy Council did not dissent from this, but said that in the case before them there had been on one side full performance.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12978454 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid460859\charrsid8281614 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 J. Kissun Singh v. Sumintra}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614  (1970) 16}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 FLR 165 this Court relied upon that aspect of the judgment in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 
Chalmers v. Pardoe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614  to which I have just referred and held that an agreement for the sale of a native lease under which the pu}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5525179\charrsid8281614 rchaser had, on his own showing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 
, taken over possession of control for a number of years, had passed the stage at which it could be called a permissible agreemen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10310365\charrsid8281614 
t and had become unlawful as a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10310365\charrsid8281614 dealing}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614  contrary to Section 12.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid460859\charrsid8281614 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 It was not sought in that ca
se to say exactly at what point an agreement, lawful when made, becomes unlawful but I have no doubt on the facts as found and outlined above, that the present}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid460859\charrsid8281614  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10310365\charrsid8281614 
agreement never reached the latter stage and it was never intended that it should do so. The pay
ments of $2.00 on signature and $2,000 the following day were obviously by way of deposit; completion was to be after fourteen days and possession was not taken, even when the date for completion had passed. It was a straightforward dealing pursuant to wh
i
ch the parties intended, after satisfying the requirements of the law, to affect the transfer of the native lease. I accept therefore that the agreement was lawful and remained so right up to the time it was repudiated by the appellant company; up to that
 time the consent of the Native Land Trust Board could have been applied for without any impropriety and given or refused.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10310365\charrsid8281614 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8083738\charrsid8281614 And on page 146, His Lordship said at letter C:-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10310365\charrsid8281614 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14047344 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10310365\charrsid8281614 But though the Privy Council did not quote this part of the judgment in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3498677\charrsid8281614 
Harnam Singh}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10310365\charrsid8281614 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10310365\charrsid8281614 
 case, that judgment went on to say that such an agreement would be inoperative until such consent had been given. The Privy Council cannot therefore be taken as saying that a binding and enforceable agreement would be lawful. Having regard}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3498677\charrsid8281614  to the wording of Section 12, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10310365\charrsid8281614 it shall not be lawful for any lessee .... to alienate or deal with the land .... whether by sale, transfer or sublease or }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3498677\charrsid8281614 in any other manner whatsoever,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10310365\charrsid8281614  I am impelled to the conclusion that an operative agreement for same m
ust be a contravention of the Section. Such an agreement creates an interest in land in the purchaser and must therefo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3498677\charrsid8281614 re amount to a dealing in land.}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10310365\charrsid8281614 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10310365 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3498677\charrsid8281614 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3498677 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3498677\charrsid8281614 And at letter }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3498677\charrsid8281614 G}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3498677\charrsid8281614 -
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10310365 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3498677\charrsid8281614 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3498677 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10310365\charrsid8281614 
On the case as a whole, I have reached the conclusion (although as I have already said, with some reluctance) that no action for damages for breach to of contract was available to the respondent and that the trial judge erred in including in his judgment 
damages for lo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3498677\charrsid8281614 ss of the respondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 '}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3498677\charrsid8281614 s bargain.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10310365\charrsid8281614 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12978454 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10310365\charrsid8281614 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 Marsack J.A. at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3498677\charrsid8281614 p. 147 at letter }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3498677\charrsid8281614 G}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3498677\charrsid8281614  said this:-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3498677\charrsid8281614 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14047344 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 The fate of this appeal in my view depends upon the determination of the difficult question as to what rights are acquired by the parties }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 inter se}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 
 under a preliminary agreement for the sale and purchase of land subject to the provisions of Section 12 of the Native Land Trust Ordinance. Section 12 has been considered by the Privy Council in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 Chalmers v. Pardoe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614  (supra), and by this Court in the cases t
o which references is made in the judgment of the learned Vice}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5770186\charrsid8281614 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 President. Briefly, it has been held that the preliminary agreement between the parties cannot be held to be unlawful or null and void }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 ab initio}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614  because the consent of the Board has not been fi
rst obtained to it; as was said in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5770186\charrsid8281614 Harnam Singh}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614  case there must}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5770186\charrsid8281614  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 necessarily be, in all cases, some prior agreement to submit to the Board. Otherwise, to quote from the judgment in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 Dennin}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5770186\charrsid8281614 g}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614  v. Edwardes}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614  [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5770186\charrsid8281614 1961}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 ] AC 245 n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5770186\charrsid8281614 egotiation would be impossible.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12978454 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5770186\charrsid8281614 
\par And at page 149 at letter }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5770186\charrsid8281614 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5770186\charrsid8281614 :-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5770186\charrsid8281614 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5770186 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 
The preliminary agreement contains all the essential ingredients of an agreement for the sale and purchase of land; and if it is to be regarded as completely effective from the time of signing it must be held to be a dealing in
 land and consequently, under section 12, unlawful, null and void. But it has been authoritatively decided that the preliminary agreement does not in itself convey an interest in land; and therefore in my opinion it must be that the preliminary agreement 
is inchoate in its character and would remain incomplete, and not fully effective until the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5770186\charrsid8281614 Board}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5770186\charrsid8281614 s consent has been given.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12978454 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8859266\charrsid8281614 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 Denning v. Edwardes}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 
 was an appeal to the Privy Council from Kenya. On page 25}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8859266\charrsid8281614 2, the Privy Council said this:-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8859266\charrsid8281614 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8859266 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 It is also contended that the agreement is void by reason of the provisions of section 88 of the Cro}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8859266\charrsid8281614 wn Lands Ordinance which says:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8083738 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8083738\charrsid8281614 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid8213454 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 88}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 .-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 (1) No person shall, except with the written consent of the Governor, sell, lease, sub}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid393664\charrsid8281614 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 
lease, assign, mortgage or otherwise by any means whatsoever, whether of the like kind to the foregoing or not, alienate, encumber, charge or part with the possession of any land which is situated in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 he Highlands, or any right, title or interest whether v
ested or contingent, in or over any such land to any other person, nor except with the written consent of the Governor shall any person acquire any right, title or interest in any such land for or on behalf of any person or any company registered under th
e Companies Ordinance; nor shall any person enter into any agreement for any of the transactions referred to in this subsection without the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 
written consent of the Governor.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12978454 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8859266\charrsid8281614 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid8213454 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 
(3) Any instrument, in so far as it purports to effect any of the transactions refe
rred to in subsection (1) of this section shall be void unless the terms and conditions of such transactions have received the consent of the Governor which shall be endorsed on the instrument.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12978454 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8859266\charrsid8281614 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8859266 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 
Subsection (2) has no bearing on the case. It is argued that the agreement to sell is void by reason of the provisions of subsection (3). There was an admission in the course of the proceedings in Kenya}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8859266\charrsid8281614  that the Governor}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 s consent to the agreement has been obtained subsequent to execution by the parties. It is argue
d by the appellant that the consent should have been obtained prior to execution and that in any case it should be endorsed on the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8859266\charrsid8281614  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 instrument before it can be regarded as valid.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12978454 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8859266\charrsid8281614 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8859266 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 Subsection (3) is applicab}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8859266\charrsid8281614 le only to an instrument which }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 purports to effect any of the transactions referred to in s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8859266\charrsid8281614 
ubsection (1),}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 
 for instance, a conveyance which makes a sale effective. Their Lordships are of opinion that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8859266\charrsid8281614  an agreement to sell does not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8859266\charrsid8281614 effect a transaction}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614  and that therefore subsection (3) i
s not applicable to the agreement in question.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12978454 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8859266\charrsid8281614 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8859266 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 
The view that subsection (3) is applicable to an agreement to sell necessarily involves the vie}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8859266\charrsid8281614 w that an agreement for any of }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 the transactions referred to in this subsection,}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614  nam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8859266\charrsid8281614 ely, subsection (1), is also a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8859266\charrsid8281614 transaction}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614  within the meaning of subsection (1). Their Lordships are unable to take this view and are of opinion that subsection (1), is not applicable to ag}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8859266\charrsid8281614 reements for such transactions.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12978454 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8859266\charrsid8281614 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 Counsel for the Defendants has also placed strong reliance upon the following passage}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8859266\charrsid8281614 , on page 253, of that Judgment:-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8859266\charrsid8281614 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8859266 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 Subsection (1) requires the written}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8859266\charrsid8281614  consent of the Governor to an }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 agreement or any of the transactions}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 
 set out in the subsection. They include a transaction of sale. It has been argued that th
e consent of the Governor must be obtained before the agreement is entered into and that subsequent consent is insufficient. Some form of agreement is inescapably necessary before the Governor is approached for his consent. Otherwise negotiation would be 
impossible. Successful negotiation ends with an agreement to which the consent of the Governor cannot be obtained before it is reached. Their Lordships are of opinion that there was nothing contrary to law in entering into a writte}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8859266\charrsid8281614 n agreement before the Governor}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8859266\charrsid8281614 s consent was obtained}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 
. The legal consequence that ensued was that the agreement was inchoate till that consent was obtained. After it was obtained the agreement was com}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8859266\charrsid8281614 
plete and completely effective.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12978454 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8859266\charrsid8281614 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 In deference to the industry of Counsel, I have
 referred at some length to the authorities cited. However, I think the point can be dealt with fairly briefly. It has been said often enough that every case must turn upon its own facts, and likewise the interpretation of statutory provisions must turn u
pon the wording of the same, subject to the rules of construction. In my view }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 Denning v. Edwardes}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614  may be clearly distinguished on two grounds, (1) Section 88 of the Crown Lands Ordinance requiring written consent of the Governor does not require his }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 prior}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614  consent. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9962276\charrsid8281614 Therefore,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 
 quite clearly any transaction affected by that Ordinance may be valid as long as the Governor}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 s consent is obtained at some time. It is clear from the extract from page 252 just cited that the proposition that the consent should have b
een obtained prior to execution of the agreement was merely an argument by the Appellant but is not, as in the instant case, part of the statutory provision. The other reason for distinguishing that case from the present one is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8859266\charrsid8281614  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 that, as clearly expressed o
n page 252, that Ordinance was concerned with the consent to transactions and not to agreements.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12978454\charrsid8281614  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 It must be steadily borne in mind that Section 6 in the present case prohibits the making of the contract not the transaction, as is the case of Section 12 of 
the Native Land Trust Board Act.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8859266\charrsid8281614 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 For that latter reason, in my view, the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 
D.B. Waite}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614  case can also be distinguished from the present one. As }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8859266\charrsid8281614 I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 
 have endeavoured to show earlier on, the two pieces of legislation although superficially concerned with similar 
subject matter are quite different and distinct. The prohibition in Section 12 is against alienation or dealing with the land by sale, transfer, sub}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5128379\charrsid8281614 -}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 lease or other manner. This clearly is a prohibition against a transaction without consent being obtained p
rior to the transaction. It is a prohibition of the performance of a contract, not against the making of the contract as in section 6.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8859266\charrsid8281614 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 The High Court of Australia in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 
George v. Greater}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8859266\charrsid8281614  Adelaide Land Development Comp}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 any Ltd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 . reported in 43}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 CLR 91 had before
 it a similar point. Section 23 of the Town Planning and Development Act 1920 of South Australia made it unlawful for any person to subdivide any land into allotments or to offer for sale or to sell or to convey, transfer or otherwise dispose of any exist
i
ng allotment or parcel of land except in accordance with the provisions of the Act, and Section 44 imposed a penalty on any person acting in contravention of this provision. The Act in question and its Regulations required the lodging of subdivision plans
 with the appropriate authority before any of the otherwise prohibited acts took place. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9962276\charrsid8281614 In that case,
 the contract for the sale of certain allotments was entered into at a time when the provisions of the Act had not been complied with. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 
The contract was expressed to be subject to the provisions of the Act having been complied with. Subsequently to the contract, the Act was complied with.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7675540\charrsid8281614 
\par Isaacs J. on p. 101 said this:-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7675540\charrsid8281614 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7675540 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 Murr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7675540\charrsid8281614 ay C.J. thought that the words }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7675540\charrsid8281614 subject to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 
 ...... the provisions of the Town Planning and Development Act 1920 being complied with saved the bargain, and on com}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2046255\charrsid8281614 pletion of all that the Act and}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614  Regulations under it require, the contract was binding and enforceable.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12978454 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7675540\charrsid8281614 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9445429 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 That depends on whether, before t
he Act is complied with, the law prohibits the making of the contract, or }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11803438\charrsid8281614 only the transfer of the land. I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 n my }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9962276\charrsid8281614 opinion,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614  the effect of Sections 23 and 44 is to prohibit the making of the contract, either absolutely or conditionally. The purpose of the legis
lation is disclosed in Section 19 and extends to the promotion of public interests, convenience and safety. To this end traffic in land commencing with the offer to sell and continui}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7675540\charrsid8281614 ng to the transfer and includin}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 g all disposal is forbidden except in accor
dance with the provisions of the Act. Regulation 17 made in pursuance of Section 50 prescribes the duty of the owner who wishes, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 inter alia}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 , to offer for sale or sell any land. That duty}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9445429\charrsid8281614  begins with the deposit of a plan, and includes an application for approval, and the Regulation read in connection with the Act itself connotes the obligation to await approval b}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7806427\charrsid8281614 efore even offering the land for}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9445429\charrsid8281614 
 sale. The attempted sale, having taken place before approval is invalid and the Appellant Defendant is entitled to succeed on the claim.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 "}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9445429\charrsid8281614 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12978454 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9445429\charrsid8281614 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9445429\charrsid8281614 tarke J. on page 103 said this:-}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12784118\charrsid8281614 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12784118 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12784118\charrsid8281614 
The question therefore is whether a sale subject to the terms of the Act being complied with is in contravention of the Act. Murray C.J. in the Court below held that it was not, but consideration
 has led me to the conclusion that the decision cannot be supported. The principle is undoubted that a transaction expressly or impliedly forbidden by statute is unlawful. The Town and Planning and Development Act 1920 renders unlawful not only conveyance
s
 and transfers of allotments, but also the acts of offering for sale or selling of such allotments. Selling, in the case of land includes the making of agreements for its conveyance in consideration of the price in money; and this is so whether the agreem
e
nt be absolute or conditional, for a conditional agreement for the sale of land is none the less a sale of land, and therefore a selling of it. Once this point is reached, the case becomes clear, for the Act prohibits the mere making of the agreement, and
 making the agreement }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12784118\charrsid8281614 
subject to the provisions}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12784118\charrsid8281614  of the Act }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12784118\charrsid8281614 being complied with}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12784118\charrsid8281614  cannot save it.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12784118\charrsid8281614 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12978454 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9445429\charrsid8281614 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 It will be remembered that in the present case a condition clause in the Agreement provides that the same is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 
conditional upon the consent of the Minister of Lands to the transfer of the property.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614  On the basis of the authority just referred to such a condition may or may not be appropriate in the case of a Section 12 situation, but is not in my view appropriate t
o save the day in a Section 6 situation; since it is the making of the contract not the transfer which is prohibited.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9445429\charrsid8281614 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 It may also be noted that Section 88 referred to in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 Den}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9445429\charrsid8281614 ning }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 v. Edwardes}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614  r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9445429\charrsid8281614 equires in subsection (3) that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 any instrument, insofar as it pu
rports to effect any of the transactions referred to in subsection (1) of this section shall be void unless the terms and conditions of such transactions have received the consent of the Governor which shall}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9445429\charrsid8281614  be endorsed on the instrument.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614  In the light of that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9962276\charrsid8281614 provision,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 
 it is not surprising that the Privy Council held that some kind of agreement must obviously be reached before the instrument effecting it can be presented to the Governor for his consent. In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 St John Shipping Corporation v. Joseph Rank Ltd.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 , [1957] 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8919370\charrsid8281614  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 QB 267, Devlin J. at page 285 quotes with approval from }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9445429\charrsid8281614 Cop}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 e v. Rowlands}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614  (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9445429\charrsid8281614 1836) 2 M&W 149 (per Parke, B):-}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9445429\charrsid8281614 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12784118 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 It is perfectly settled that where the contract which the Plaintiff seeks to enforce, be it express or implied, is expressly or by implic
ation forbidden by the common or statute law, no court will}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9445429\charrsid8281614  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 
lend its assistance to give it effect. It is equally clear that a contract is void if prohibited by a statute, though the statute inflicts a penalty only, because such penalty implies a prohibitio
n... And it may be safely laid down, notwithstanding some dicta apparently to the contrary, that if the contract be rendered illegal, it can make no difference, in point of law, whether the statute which makes it so has in view the protection of the reven
ue or any other object. The sole question is, whether the statute }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9445429\charrsid8281614 means to prohibit the contract}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12784118\charrsid8281614 ?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12978454 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12784118\charrsid8281614 
\par Devlin J. went on to say:-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12784118\charrsid8281614 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12784118 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 Now this language}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12978454\charrsid8281614  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 and the same sort of language is used in all the cases shows that the question always is whether the statute meant to prohibit t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12784118\charrsid8281614 he contract which is sued upon.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12978454 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12784118\charrsid8281614 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 
On the question of construction of such legislation in my view it is well established that decisions on more or less similar enactments cannot as a rule be regarded as giving more than analogies. In the case of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 Phalad v. Sukh Rai}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 
 in the Fiji Court of Appeal (FCA Reps 78/471), Henry J.A. on page 5 cited what Lord Upjohn said in the Privy Council in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 
Ogden Industries Ltd v. Lucas}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8919370\charrsid8281614  [1969]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614  1 All}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8281614  ER}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12784118\charrsid8281614  121 at p 126 as follows:-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12784118\charrsid8281614 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14184625 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 
It is quite clear that judicial statements as to the construction and intention of an Act must never be allowed to supplant or supersede its proper construction and courts must beware of falling into the error of treating the law to be that laid dow
n by the judge in construing the Act rather than found in the words of the Act itself. No doubt a decision on particular words binds inferior courts on the construction of those words on similar facts, but beyond that the observations of judges on the con
struction of statutes may be of the greatest help and guidance but are entitled to no more than respect and cannot absolve the court from its duty of exer}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14184625\charrsid8281614 cising an independent judgment.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12978454 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14184625\charrsid8281614 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9962276\charrsid8281614 Moreover,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 
 it is a well established principle of construction that legislation is to be interpreted if possible so as to be effective. But in any event, reference to the construction of other legislation supposed to be }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14184625\charrsid8281614 in par}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4610032\charrsid8281614 i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614  materia}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 
 does not assist in a case such as the present because it comes into play only when there is an ambiguity. One only needs to refer to the well known passage in the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 Sussex Peerage Case}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13655623\charrsid8281614  (1844) 11 Clark & Finlelly 85;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614  8 ER 1034. Tindal C.J. on page 1057 in the latter report, reading }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14184625\charrsid8281614 
the opinion of the Judges said:-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14184625\charrsid8281614 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15479570 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 
The only rule for the construction of Acts of Parliament is that they should be construed according to the intent of the Parliament which passed the Act. If the words of the statute are in themselves precise and unambig}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8919370\charrsid8281614 u}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 ous then no more can be necessary th
an to expound those words in their natural and ordinary sense. The words}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14184625\charrsid8281614  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15479570\charrsid8281614 themselves alone do, in such case best declare the intention of the law giver.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 "}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15479570\charrsid8281614 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12978454 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15479570\charrsid8281614 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 Reference has been made }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15479570\charrsid8281614 
to the fact that the term }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15479570\charrsid8281614 deal}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 
 appears in Section 12 of the Native Land Trust Act. It does not however appear in Section 6 of the Land Sales Act in the relevant portion. There is in the Land Sales Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15479570\charrsid8281614  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 in Section 2 an extensive interpretation of the word }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 dealing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614  and that interpretation embraces not only transactions of sale or pu
rchase but includes an agreement to enter into any such transactions. However, the only re}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15479570\charrsid8281614 ference in Sections 6 and 7 to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15479570\charrsid8281614 dealings}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 
 is in the respective subsections (4) which as already seen provide that the Section shall not apply to dealings in native land,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15479570\charrsid8281614 
 etc. Apart from that the term }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15479570\charrsid8281614 dealing}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 
 is used in the Act only in connection with the collection of charges and tax upon the dealings under the Act. The Land Sales Act was passed some 34 years after the enactment of the original Native Land Trust Legi
slation. There is a presumption that the Legislature was aware at that time of the contents of the earlier legislation. Had it been intended to incorporate a reference to dealings or any of the judicial interpretations of the Native Land Trust Act which i
t had received since its inception in 1940, in the Land Sales Act, it would have been done so expressly. In my view therefore, for all those reasons, the Defendants}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 
 case in so far as it is based upon applying the interpretation of Section 12 of the Native Land Tr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15479570\charrsid8281614 ust Act must fail. The Minister}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 
s purported consent given on the 2nd May, 1986 can be of no effect. He derives his powers in the matter from Section 6 of the Act and those powers are to consent or refuse consent prior to the making of the contract. 
Any consent he purports to give after that is in my view }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 ultra vires}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614  and of no effect.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15479570\charrsid8281614 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 For the sake of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9962276\charrsid8281614 completeness,}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614  I shoul}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15479570\charrsid8281614 d make mention of the Form of A}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 pplication for the Minis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15479570\charrsid8281614 ter}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 
s consent which has been exhibited to the Affidavit. The combined effect of Sections 16 and 2 of the Land Sales Act is that the Minister may approve the Form to be used to apply for his consent. The Form ex}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15479570\charrsid8281614 hibited in this case is headed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 Application for consent to a dealing (Sections 6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15479570\charrsid8281614  and 7 Land Sales Act Cap 137).}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12978454\charrsid8281614  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 
It contains thirteen questions or paragraphs. The questions are concerned with eliciting description of the property, encumbrances, improvements, details of the vendor and purchaser with particular reference to citizenship, previous history of the propert
y, purchase price, purpose of the purchase and other information.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15479570\charrsid8281614  Paragraph 12 reads as follows:-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15479570\charrsid8281614 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15479570 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15479570\charrsid8281614 I hereby certify that the inf}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5929063\charrsid8281614 ormation set out at paragraphs 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15479570\charrsid8281614  to 5 (and 10 if applicable) is correct that I have agreed to sell the above-named property and 
there is provision for the signature of the vendor and a witness and the date.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12978454 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15479570\charrsid8281614 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15479570\charrsid8281614 nd Section 13 reads as follows:-}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15479570\charrsid8281614 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2975132 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 I hereby certify that the information set out in paragraphs 6 to 9 (and 10 if applicable) is correct that I have agreed to purchase the above}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15479570\charrsid8281614 -named property}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614  and there is provision for the purchase and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2975132\charrsid8281614  his witness to }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 sign and for the date.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12978454 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2975132\charrsid8281614 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 This might on the face of it be taken as suggesting that some agreement is indeed appropriate a
nd valid before application for consent is made to the Minister. However, I am of the view that the making of the agreement being absolutely prohibited without the prior consent of the Minister by the Act itself, that absolute prohibition cannot be set as
ide by the side wind of something contained in a Form approved by the Minister. The Minister is as much bound by the statute as is anyone else. The statute must prevail. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9962276\charrsid8281614 In my view, that Form in its present state is a nullity and of no effect as being contrary to the Act, at least in paras 12 and 13. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 The Minister may wish to reconsider the design of such an application Form in the light of this judgment.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2975132\charrsid8281614 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 There remains the proposition that the Act would be unworkable if the Section were interpreted literally
, on the basis that there must be some agreement reached upon which the Minister}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 s consent may be sought. I find myself unable to accept that argument. The consent is required prior to the making of the contract. What this envisages in my view}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid813005\charrsid8281614  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9256512\charrsid8281614 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid813005\charrsid8281614  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 and I see no difficulty}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16273563\charrsid8281614  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 with it}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid813005\charrsid8281614  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16273563\charrsid8281614 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid813005\charrsid8281614  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2975132\charrsid8281614 is that if a non-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 resident minded to purchase a property in Fiji is made an offer by a potential vendor or estate agent he can then apply 
to the Minister for consent to enter into that transaction and upon such consent being received he may then sign the contract. Or if a non}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2975132\charrsid8281614 -}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 resident were looking for a property to purchase in Fiji and let this be known, upon receiving a reply or offer which
 he would be minded to accept, again he may apply to the Minister advising him of the necessary details and that he is minded to accept the offer if the consent is forthcoming. At that stage there would be no agreement. The whole purpose of the legislatio
n is to ensure that no contract is made without first giving the Minister the opportunity of permitting or prohibiting it and in the former case of imposing conditions upon it.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2975132\charrsid8281614 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 I note that in some of the cases referred to earlier here}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14706633\charrsid8281614 in, there is a proposition that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 
 the agreement which is to be subject to the Minister}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14047344\charrsid8281614 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 
s consent may be regarded as preliminary at some stage or that there is some line to be drawn beyond which it is regarded as effective and in the same light as a transaction. This may be approp
riate in interpreting Section 12 of the Native Land Trust Act, but because of the view I have taken in this matter I do not find it necessary to consider that matter further.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2975132\charrsid8281614 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 For the reasons which I have endeavoured to state I hold that the purported Agre
ement in this matter is unlawful and therefore of no effect and unenforceable. Costs reserved to the trial Judge or further order. Liberty to apply as to costs.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2975132\charrsid8281614 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 (Ruling in favour of the Defendants}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2975132\charrsid8281614 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12344994\charrsid8281614 )
\par }{\*\themedata 504b030414000600080000002100828abc13fa0000001c020000130000005b436f6e74656e745f54797065735d2e786d6cac91cb6ac3301045f785fe83d0b6d8
72ba28a5d8cea249777d2cd20f18e4b12d6a8f843409c9df77ecb850ba082d74231062ce997b55ae8fe3a00e1893f354e9555e6885647de3a8abf4fbee29bbd7
2a3150038327acf409935ed7d757e5ee14302999a654e99e393c18936c8f23a4dc072479697d1c81e51a3b13c07e4087e6b628ee8cf5c4489cf1c4d075f92a0b
44d7a07a83c82f308ac7b0a0f0fbf90c2480980b58abc733615aa2d210c2e02cb04430076a7ee833dfb6ce62e3ed7e14693e8317d8cd0433bf5c60f53fea2fe7
065bd80facb647e9e25c7fc421fd2ddb526b2e9373fed4bb902e182e97b7b461e6bfad3f010000ffff0300504b030414000600080000002100a5d6a7e7c00000
00360100000b0000005f72656c732f2e72656c73848fcf6ac3300c87ef85bd83d17d51d2c31825762fa590432fa37d00e1287f68221bdb1bebdb4fc7060abb08
84a4eff7a93dfeae8bf9e194e720169aaa06c3e2433fcb68e1763dbf7f82c985a4a725085b787086a37bdbb55fbc50d1a33ccd311ba548b63095120f88d94fbc
52ae4264d1c910d24a45db3462247fa791715fd71f989e19e0364cd3f51652d73760ae8fa8c9ffb3c330cc9e4fc17faf2ce545046e37944c69e462a1a82fe353
bd90a865aad41ed0b5b8f9d6fd010000ffff0300504b0304140006000800000021006b799616830000008a0000001c0000007468656d652f7468656d652f7468
656d654d616e616765722e786d6c0ccc4d0ac3201040e17da17790d93763bb284562b2cbaebbf600439c1a41c7a0d29fdbd7e5e38337cedf14d59b4b0d592c9c
070d8a65cd2e88b7f07c2ca71ba8da481cc52c6ce1c715e6e97818c9b48d13df49c873517d23d59085adb5dd20d6b52bd521ef2cdd5eb9246a3d8b4757e8d3f7
29e245eb2b260a0238fd010000ffff0300504b03041400060008000000210096b5ade296060000501b0000160000007468656d652f7468656d652f7468656d65
312e786d6cec594f6fdb3614bf0fd87720746f6327761a07758ad8b19b2d4d1bc46e871e698996d850a240d2497d1bdae38001c3ba618715d86d87615b8116d8
a5fb34d93a6c1dd0afb0475292c5585e9236d88aad3e2412f9e3fbff1e1fa9abd7eec70c1d1221294fda5efd72cd4324f1794093b0eddd1ef62fad79482a9c04
98f184b4bd2991deb58df7dfbb8ad755446282607d22d771db8b944ad79796a40fc3585ee62949606ecc458c15bc8a702910f808e8c66c69b9565b5d8a314d3c
94e018c8de1a8fa94fd05093f43672e23d06af89927ac06762a049136785c10607758d9053d965021d62d6f6804fc08f86e4bef210c352c144dbab999fb7b471
7509af678b985ab0b6b4ae6f7ed9ba6c4170b06c788a705430adf71bad2b5b057d03606a1ed7ebf5babd7a41cf00b0ef83a6569632cd467faddec9699640f671
9e76b7d6ac355c7c89feca9cccad4ea7d36c65b258a206641f1b73f8b5da6a6373d9c11b90c537e7f08dce66b7bbeae00dc8e257e7f0fd2badd5868b37a088d1
e4600ead1ddaef67d40bc898b3ed4af81ac0d76a197c86826828a24bb318f3442d8ab518dfe3a20f000d6458d104a9694ac6d88728eee2782428d60cf03ac1a5
193be4cbb921cd0b495fd054b5bd0f530c1931a3f7eaf9f7af9e3f45c70f9e1d3ff8e9f8e1c3e3073f5a42ceaa6d9c84e5552fbffdeccfc71fa33f9e7ef3f2d1
17d57859c6fffac327bffcfc793510d26726ce8b2f9ffcf6ecc98baf3efdfdbb4715f04d814765f890c644a29be408edf3181433567125272371be15c308d3f2
8acd249438c19a4b05fd9e8a1cf4cd296699771c393ac4b5e01d01e5a30a787d72cf1178108989a2159c77a2d801ee72ce3a5c545a6147f32a99793849c26ae6
6252c6ed637c58c5bb8b13c7bfbd490a75330f4b47f16e441c31f7184e140e494214d273fc80900aedee52ead87597fa824b3e56e82e451d4c2b4d32a423279a
668bb6690c7e9956e90cfe766cb37b077538abd27a8b1cba48c80acc2a841f12e698f13a9e281c57911ce298950d7e03aba84ac8c154f8655c4f2af074481847
bd804859b5e696007d4b4edfc150b12addbecba6b18b148a1e54d1bc81392f23b7f84137c2715a851dd0242a633f900710a218ed715505dfe56e86e877f0034e
16bafb0e258ebb4faf06b769e888340b103d3311da9750aa9d0a1cd3e4efca31a3508f6d0c5c5c398602f8e2ebc71591f5b616e24dd893aa3261fb44f95d843b
5974bb5c04f4edafb95b7892ec1108f3f98de75dc97d5772bdff7cc95d94cf672db4b3da0a6557f70db629362d72bcb0431e53c6066acac80d699a6409fb44d0
8741bdce9c0e4971624a2378cceaba830b05366b90e0ea23aaa241845368b0eb9e2612ca8c742851ca251ceccc70256d8d87265dd96361531f186c3d9058edf2
c00eafe8e1fc5c509031bb4d680e9f39a3154de0accc56ae644441edd76156d7429d995bdd88664a9dc3ad50197c38af1a0c16d684060441db02565e85f3b966
0d0713cc48a0ed6ef7dedc2dc60b17e92219e180643ed27acffba86e9c94c78ab90980d8a9f0913ee49d62b512b79626fb06dccee2a432bbc60276b9f7dec44b
7904cfbca4f3f6443ab2a49c9c2c41476dafd55c6e7ac8c769db1bc399161ee314bc2e75cf8759081743be1236ec4f4d6693e5336fb672c5dc24a8c33585b5fb
9cc24e1d4885545b58463634cc5416022cd19cacfccb4d30eb45296023fd35a458598360f8d7a4003bbaae25e331f155d9d9a5116d3bfb9a95523e51440ca2e0
088dd844ec6370bf0e55d027a012ae264c45d02f708fa6ad6da6dce29c255df9f6cae0ec38666984b372ab5334cf640b37795cc860de4ae2816e95b21be5ceaf
8a49f90b52a51cc6ff3355f47e0237052b81f6800fd7b802239daf6d8f0b1571a8426944fdbe80c6c1d40e8816b88b8569082ab84c36ff0539d4ff6dce591a26
ade1c0a7f669880485fd484582903d284b26fa4e2156cff62e4b9265844c4495c495a9157b440e091bea1ab8aaf7760f4510eaa69a6465c0e04ec69ffb9e65d0
28d44d4e39df9c1a52ecbd3607fee9cec7263328e5d661d3d0e4f62f44acd855ed7ab33cdf7bcb8ae889599bd5c8b3029895b6825696f6af29c239b75a5bb1e6
345e6ee6c28117e73586c1a2214ae1be07e93fb0ff51e133fb65426fa843be0fb515c187064d0cc206a2fa926d3c902e907670048d931db4c1a44959d366ad93
b65abe595f70a75bf03d616c2dd959fc7d4e6317cd99cbcec9c58b34766661c7d6766ca1a9c1b327531486c6f941c638c67cd22a7f75e2a37be0e82db8df9f30
254d30c1372581a1f51c983c80e4b71ccdd28dbf000000ffff0300504b0304140006000800000021000dd1909fb60000001b010000270000007468656d652f74
68656d652f5f72656c732f7468656d654d616e616765722e786d6c2e72656c73848f4d0ac2301484f78277086f6fd3ba109126dd88d0add40384e4350d363f24
51eced0dae2c082e8761be9969bb979dc9136332de3168aa1a083ae995719ac16db8ec8e4052164e89d93b64b060828e6f37ed1567914b284d262452282e3198
720e274a939cd08a54f980ae38a38f56e422a3a641c8bbd048f7757da0f19b017cc524bd62107bd5001996509affb3fd381a89672f1f165dfe514173d9850528
a2c6cce0239baa4c04ca5bbabac4df000000ffff0300504b01022d0014000600080000002100828abc13fa0000001c0200001300000000000000000000000000
000000005b436f6e74656e745f54797065735d2e786d6c504b01022d0014000600080000002100a5d6a7e7c0000000360100000b000000000000000000000000
002b0100005f72656c732f2e72656c73504b01022d00140006000800000021006b799616830000008a0000001c00000000000000000000000000140200007468
656d652f7468656d652f7468656d654d616e616765722e786d6c504b01022d001400060008000000210096b5ade296060000501b000016000000000000000000
00000000d10200007468656d652f7468656d652f7468656d65312e786d6c504b01022d00140006000800000021000dd1909fb60000001b010000270000000000
00000000000000009b0900007468656d652f7468656d652f5f72656c732f7468656d654d616e616765722e786d6c2e72656c73504b050600000000050005005d010000960a00000000}
{\*\colorschememapping 3c3f786d6c2076657273696f6e3d22312e302220656e636f64696e673d225554462d3822207374616e64616c6f6e653d22796573223f3e0d0a3c613a636c724d
617020786d6c6e733a613d22687474703a2f2f736368656d61732e6f70656e786d6c666f726d6174732e6f72672f64726177696e676d6c2f323030362f6d6169
6e22206267313d226c743122207478313d22646b3122206267323d226c743222207478323d22646b322220616363656e74313d22616363656e74312220616363
656e74323d22616363656e74322220616363656e74333d22616363656e74332220616363656e74343d22616363656e74342220616363656e74353d22616363656e74352220616363656e74363d22616363656e74362220686c696e6b3d22686c696e6b2220666f6c486c696e6b3d22666f6c486c696e6b222f3e}
{\*\latentstyles\lsdstimax267\lsdlockeddef0\lsdsemihiddendef1\lsdunhideuseddef1\lsdqformatdef0\lsdprioritydef99{\lsdlockedexcept \lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority0 \lsdlocked0 Normal;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority9 \lsdlocked0 heading 1;\lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority9 \lsdlocked0 heading 2;\lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority9 \lsdlocked0 heading 3;\lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority9 \lsdlocked0 heading 4;
\lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority9 \lsdlocked0 heading 5;\lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority9 \lsdlocked0 heading 6;\lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority9 \lsdlocked0 heading 7;\lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority9 \lsdlocked0 heading 8;\lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority9 \lsdlocked0 heading 9;
\lsdpriority39 \lsdlocked0 toc 1;\lsdpriority39 \lsdlocked0 toc 2;\lsdpriority39 \lsdlocked0 toc 3;\lsdpriority39 \lsdlocked0 toc 4;\lsdpriority39 \lsdlocked0 toc 5;\lsdpriority39 \lsdlocked0 toc 6;\lsdpriority39 \lsdlocked0 toc 7;
\lsdpriority39 \lsdlocked0 toc 8;\lsdpriority39 \lsdlocked0 toc 9;\lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority35 \lsdlocked0 caption;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority10 \lsdlocked0 Title;\lsdunhideused0 \lsdlocked0 Default Paragraph Font;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority11 \lsdlocked0 Subtitle;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority22 \lsdlocked0 Strong;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority20 \lsdlocked0 Emphasis;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority59 \lsdlocked0 Table Grid;\lsdunhideused0 \lsdlocked0 Placeholder Text;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority1 \lsdlocked0 No Spacing;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority60 \lsdlocked0 Light Shading;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority61 \lsdlocked0 Light List;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority62 \lsdlocked0 Light Grid;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority63 \lsdlocked0 Medium Shading 1;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority64 \lsdlocked0 Medium Shading 2;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority65 \lsdlocked0 Medium List 1;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority66 \lsdlocked0 Medium List 2;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority67 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 1;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority68 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 2;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority69 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 3;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority70 \lsdlocked0 Dark List;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority71 \lsdlocked0 Colorful Shading;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority72 \lsdlocked0 Colorful List;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority73 \lsdlocked0 Colorful Grid;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority60 \lsdlocked0 Light Shading Accent 1;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority61 \lsdlocked0 Light List Accent 1;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority62 \lsdlocked0 Light Grid Accent 1;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority63 \lsdlocked0 Medium Shading 1 Accent 1;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority64 \lsdlocked0 Medium Shading 2 Accent 1;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority65 \lsdlocked0 Medium List 1 Accent 1;\lsdunhideused0 \lsdlocked0 Revision;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority34 \lsdlocked0 List Paragraph;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority29 \lsdlocked0 Quote;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority30 \lsdlocked0 Intense Quote;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority66 \lsdlocked0 Medium List 2 Accent 1;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority67 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 1 Accent 1;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority68 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 2 Accent 1;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority69 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 3 Accent 1;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority70 \lsdlocked0 Dark List Accent 1;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority71 \lsdlocked0 Colorful Shading Accent 1;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority72 \lsdlocked0 Colorful List Accent 1;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority73 \lsdlocked0 Colorful Grid Accent 1;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority60 \lsdlocked0 Light Shading Accent 2;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority61 \lsdlocked0 Light List Accent 2;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority62 \lsdlocked0 Light Grid Accent 2;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority63 \lsdlocked0 Medium Shading 1 Accent 2;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority64 \lsdlocked0 Medium Shading 2 Accent 2;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority65 \lsdlocked0 Medium List 1 Accent 2;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority66 \lsdlocked0 Medium List 2 Accent 2;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority67 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 1 Accent 2;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority68 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 2 Accent 2;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority69 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 3 Accent 2;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority70 \lsdlocked0 Dark List Accent 2;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority71 \lsdlocked0 Colorful Shading Accent 2;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority72 \lsdlocked0 Colorful List Accent 2;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority73 \lsdlocked0 Colorful Grid Accent 2;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority60 \lsdlocked0 Light Shading Accent 3;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority61 \lsdlocked0 Light List Accent 3;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority62 \lsdlocked0 Light Grid Accent 3;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority63 \lsdlocked0 Medium Shading 1 Accent 3;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority64 \lsdlocked0 Medium Shading 2 Accent 3;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority65 \lsdlocked0 Medium List 1 Accent 3;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority66 \lsdlocked0 Medium List 2 Accent 3;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority67 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 1 Accent 3;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority68 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 2 Accent 3;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority69 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 3 Accent 3;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority70 \lsdlocked0 Dark List Accent 3;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority71 \lsdlocked0 Colorful Shading Accent 3;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority72 \lsdlocked0 Colorful List Accent 3;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority73 \lsdlocked0 Colorful Grid Accent 3;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority60 \lsdlocked0 Light Shading Accent 4;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority61 \lsdlocked0 Light List Accent 4;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority62 \lsdlocked0 Light Grid Accent 4;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority63 \lsdlocked0 Medium Shading 1 Accent 4;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority64 \lsdlocked0 Medium Shading 2 Accent 4;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority65 \lsdlocked0 Medium List 1 Accent 4;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority66 \lsdlocked0 Medium List 2 Accent 4;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority67 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 1 Accent 4;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority68 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 2 Accent 4;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority69 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 3 Accent 4;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority70 \lsdlocked0 Dark List Accent 4;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority71 \lsdlocked0 Colorful Shading Accent 4;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority72 \lsdlocked0 Colorful List Accent 4;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority73 \lsdlocked0 Colorful Grid Accent 4;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority60 \lsdlocked0 Light Shading Accent 5;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority61 \lsdlocked0 Light List Accent 5;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority62 \lsdlocked0 Light Grid Accent 5;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority63 \lsdlocked0 Medium Shading 1 Accent 5;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority64 \lsdlocked0 Medium Shading 2 Accent 5;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority65 \lsdlocked0 Medium List 1 Accent 5;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority66 \lsdlocked0 Medium List 2 Accent 5;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority67 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 1 Accent 5;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority68 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 2 Accent 5;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority69 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 3 Accent 5;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority70 \lsdlocked0 Dark List Accent 5;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority71 \lsdlocked0 Colorful Shading Accent 5;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority72 \lsdlocked0 Colorful List Accent 5;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority73 \lsdlocked0 Colorful Grid Accent 5;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority60 \lsdlocked0 Light Shading Accent 6;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority61 \lsdlocked0 Light List Accent 6;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority62 \lsdlocked0 Light Grid Accent 6;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority63 \lsdlocked0 Medium Shading 1 Accent 6;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority64 \lsdlocked0 Medium Shading 2 Accent 6;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority65 \lsdlocked0 Medium List 1 Accent 6;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority66 \lsdlocked0 Medium List 2 Accent 6;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority67 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 1 Accent 6;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority68 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 2 Accent 6;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority69 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 3 Accent 6;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority70 \lsdlocked0 Dark List Accent 6;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority71 \lsdlocked0 Colorful Shading Accent 6;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority72 \lsdlocked0 Colorful List Accent 6;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority73 \lsdlocked0 Colorful Grid Accent 6;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority19 \lsdlocked0 Subtle Emphasis;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority21 \lsdlocked0 Intense Emphasis;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority31 \lsdlocked0 Subtle Reference;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority32 \lsdlocked0 Intense Reference;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority33 \lsdlocked0 Book Title;\lsdpriority37 \lsdlocked0 Bibliography;\lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority39 \lsdlocked0 TOC Heading;}}{\*\datastore 010500000200000018000000
4d73786d6c322e534158584d4c5265616465722e352e3000000000000000000000060000
d0cf11e0a1b11ae1000000000000000000000000000000003e000300feff090006000000000000000000000001000000010000000000000000100000feffffff00000000feffffff0000000000000000ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff
ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff
ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff
ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff
fffffffffffffffffdfffffffeffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff
ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff
ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff
ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff
ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff52006f006f007400200045006e00740072007900000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000016000500ffffffffffffffffffffffffec69d9888b8b3d4c859eaf6cd158be0f000000000000000000000000b03b
08edb004d101feffffff00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000ffffffffffffffffffffffff00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000ffffffffffffffffffffffff0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000ffffffffffffffffffffffff000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000105000000000000}}