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\qr \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12721088 \fs20\lang1033\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp5129 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12721088\charrsid12721088 [1987] 33 FLR 74
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\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3697693\charrsid8331137  APPEAL }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8331137 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3697693\charrsid8331137  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 Speight V. P., Mishra J. A., O}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 Regan J. A.]
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\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12456774\charrsid8331137  }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 Constitution of Fiji s 3, s. 14 }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8331137\charrsid8331137 -}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12456774\charrsid8331137  Aids to }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 interpretation thereof}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12456774\charrsid8331137  }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8331137\charrsid8331137 -}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12456774\charrsid8331137  }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 inconsistency}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1013982  }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8331137\charrsid8331137 -}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1013982  }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 Debtors Acts s. 6}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12456774\charrsid8331137  }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8331137\charrsid8331137 -}{
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\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8331137\charrsid8331137 -}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12456774\charrsid8331137  }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 inconsistent with s. 3 and s.}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1013982  }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 14 of the Constitution}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12456774\charrsid8331137  }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8331137\charrsid8331137 -}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12456774\charrsid8331137  }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 debts incurred by contract not }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12456774\charrsid8331137 imp}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 osed by Law}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12456774\charrsid8331137 .}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 )
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12456774\charrsid8331137 
\par Hearing: 3rd Match 1987
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 Judgment: 8th October 1987
\par 
\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 J. Singh}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137  for the appellant
\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 S. P. Sharma and J Apted}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137  for the Attorney}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8331137 -}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 General
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12456774\charrsid8331137 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 No appearance by Respondent.
\par 
\par Appeal by Sundarjee Brothers Ltd (appellant) against a decision of the Supreme Court which dismissed an application by the ap}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12456774\charrsid8331137 pellant pursuant to Debtors Act }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 Cap. 32 (s.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2847606  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 
6) seeking a warrant to arrest the respondent on the ground that he was about to abscond from the jurisdiction without paying a debt of $3,175 for which the appellant had issued a writ against him.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12456774\charrsid8331137 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 The learned judge at first instance dismissed the application in the ground inter alia that s. 6 of the Debtors Act Cap. 32 was inconsistent with the Constitution of Fiji.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12456774\charrsid8331137 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 In the events that followed the particular facts of the case before appeal were no longer of any moment, though the Court examined the evidence and }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10841050\charrsid8331137 expressed a strong view that a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3697693\charrsid8331137  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 
company and not the respondent (debtor) was in fact the proper defendant.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10841050\charrsid8331137 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 Upon the constitutional issue being raised having regard e.g. to the interest which apparently the case generated the learned trial judge should h}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10841050\charrsid8331137 ave ordered the application to b}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 e served on the Attorney}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8331137 -}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 General so that the State would have an}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10841050\charrsid8331137  opportunity to be heard,}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137  even though there was no statutory requirement therefor.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10841050\charrsid8331137 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 The Court propos}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10841050\charrsid8331137 ed, out of deference to Counsel}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 s arguments and interest generally in the case to discuss the legal issues and express an opinion on the constitutional question.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10841050\charrsid8331137 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 In particular the Court considered s.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2847606  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 3 }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10841050\charrsid8331137 and s. 14 of the Constitution, w}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 hich dealt specifically with freedom to leave Fiji.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10841050\charrsid8331137 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9245151 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 Section 3 reads}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2847606 :}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8331137 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10841050\charrsid8331137 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8331137 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 
3. Whereas every person in Fiji is entitled to the fundamental rights and freedoms of the individual, that is to say, the right, whatever his race, place of origin, political opinions, colour, creed or sex, but subje}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2847606 ct to respect for the rights an}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 d freedoms of others and for the public interest, to each a}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8331137 nd all of the following, namely-}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988 
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\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid8331137 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 (a)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 
 life, liberty, security of the person and the protection of the law;}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8331137 
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\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid8331137 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8331137\charrsid8331137 (b}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 )}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137  freedom of conscience, of expression and of assembly and association}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 ;}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137  and}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8331137 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8331137\charrsid8331137 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid8331137 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 (c)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 
 protection for the privacy of his home and other property and from deprivation o}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16527649 f property without compensation.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8331137 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8331137\charrsid8331137 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8331137 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 the pro
visions of this Chapter shall have effect for the purpose of affording protection of those rights and freedoms subject to such limitation of that protection as are contained in those provisions, being limitations designed to ensure that the enjoyment of t
he said rights and freedoms by any person does no}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2847606 t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137  prejudice the rights and freedoms of others or the public interest.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8331137 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8331137\charrsid8331137 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9245151 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 Section 14 reads}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2847606 :}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8331137 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8331137 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8331137 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 
1. No person shall be deprived of his freedom of movement and for the purposes of this section the said freedom means the right ....... to leave Fiji.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8331137 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8331137 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8331137 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 2.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 ...........
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8331137 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8331137 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8331137 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 3. Nothing contained in or done under the authori}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16527649 ty of any law shall be held to b}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 e incon
sistent with or in contravention of this section to the extent that the law in question makes provision:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8331137 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8331137 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8331137\charrsid9245151 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid8331137 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 (a)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137  ..................}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8331137 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8331137\charrsid8331137 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid8331137 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 (}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8331137 b}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 )}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137  .............}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8331137 ..}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 .........
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8331137 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8331137\charrsid9245151 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid8331137 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 (h)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 
 for imposing restrictions on the right of any person to leave Fiji that are reasonably required in order to secu}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8331137 re the fulfilment of any obliga}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 tions imposed on that person by law}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8331137 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137  except so far}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8331137  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 as that provision }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8331137 or}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14363041 ,}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8331137  as }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 the case may }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16527649 b}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16527649 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 
 the thing done under the authority thereof is shown not to be reasonably justifiable in a democratic society.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8331137 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8331137 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 The learned judge at first instance and the Court agreed with him, considered section 3 paras }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 (a)}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137  to }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 (g)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid14363041  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 bore no application to the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8331137 situation and were not further }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 
discussed.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8331137\charrsid8331137 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 Section 6 of the Debtors Act provided}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14363041 :}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8331137\charrsid8331137 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16527649 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 If it}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8331137  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 is shown to the satisfaction of the
 court that the defendant in any action for the recovery of a sum exceeding ten dollars is about to abscond, the court may, in its discretion, issue a warrant to arrest the defendant and commit him to prison, there to be kept until he shall have given bai
l or security in such sum, to}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8331137  b}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 e expressed in the }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137  HYPERLINK http://warrant.as }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11040034\charrsid8331137 {\*\datafield 
00d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b0200000003000000e0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b2600000068007400740070003a002f002f00770061007200720061006e0074002e00610073002f00000000000000000000}}}{\fldrslt {
\cs15\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8331137\charrsid8331137 warrant}}}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7028552 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8331137\charrsid8331137  as}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137  the court thinks fit, not exceeding the probable amount of debt of damages and costs, for 
his appearance at any time when called upon while the action is pending and until execution or satisfact}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7028552 ion of any judgment that may be}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8331137  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 made against him in the action; and the surety or sureties shall}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8331137  undertake, in }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 default of such appearance, to pay any s}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7028552 um of money that may b}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 
e adjudged against him in the action with costs:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8331137 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8331137\charrsid8331137 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16527649 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 
Provided that the court may at any time, upon reasonable cause being shown, release the defendant from such arrest.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8331137 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8331137\charrsid8331137 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 The Court for reasons it gave, made these comments, (paragraph numbers added).}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8331137\charrsid8331137 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8331137 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8331137\charrsid8331137 (i}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8331137 ) }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 S.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7028552  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 
14 applied to all money claims exceeding $10 e.g. claims for taxes, rates, actions by beneficiaries against trustees and for tort and breaches of statutory duty.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8331137 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8331137\charrsid8331137 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8331137 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 (ii)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3697693\charrsid8331137  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 Each individual case must be considered in the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8331137  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 light}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8331137  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 of}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8331137  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 its}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8331137  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 own}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8331137  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 
intrinsic nature and facts; and ascertain whether an order is }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 
reasonably required in order to secure the fulfilment of any obligations imposed on the person}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7028552 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137  (i.e. here, the respondent by law).
}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8331137 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8331137\charrsid8331137 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8331137 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 (iii)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3697693\charrsid8331137  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 Imposed by law}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137  had been judicially interpreted. }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 In Badcock v. Hunt}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137  (1889) 21 Q.B.D. 147.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8331137 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8331137\charrsid8331137 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13651638 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 Lord Usher said}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8331137 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8331137\charrsid8331137 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid13651638 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 I do not think that a charge (i.e. of money) to which a person can only be made liable with his}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13651638  own consent can be said to be im}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 posed}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7028552  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 ...}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13651638 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13651638 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13651638 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7028552 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 See}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13651638  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7028552 also Fry L.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 J. who contrasted }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 voluntary}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137  action thereby incurring a legal liability, and an }
{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 imposition by some superior authority by which a man becomes liable to pay whether he will or not}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 . Later the Court said that the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3618056 liability created bylaws is an }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 impost}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 .
}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8331137 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13651638\charrsid8331137 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13651638 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 (iv)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3697693\charrsid8331137  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 By law}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 
 is treated in }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid13651638 Barlow v. Teal}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137  (1885) 15 Q.B.D. 501 as contrasting with obligations created by contract.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8331137 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13651638 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13651638 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 (v)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3697693\charrsid8331137  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 The construction of a constitution requires it to be considered not merely as an Act of Parliament which may be unduly restrictive. Speaking of the way to interpret a Constitution of the 
}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13651638\charrsid8331137 Westmin}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7028552 i}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13651638\charrsid8331137 ster}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7028552  model is to treat it:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13651638 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9245151 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8140106 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid8140106 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 
... as sui generis calling for the interpretation of its own,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13651638  suitable to its character ....}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 
 without necessary acceptance of all the presumption that are relevant to legislation and private law}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137  (}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid13651638 Minister of Home Affairs v. Fisher}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137  (1980) A.C. per Lord }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13651638\charrsid8331137 Wilberforce}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13651638 ). }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 Constitution should receive }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 a generous interpretation}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137  which did not require Courts to reject the plain ordinary meaning of words}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137  (per Lord Fraser, }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid13651638 Attorney General of Fiji v}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7028552 .}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid13651638  Director of Public Prosecutions }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8140106 (}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 1983) 2 A.C. 672).}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13651638 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13651638\charrsid8331137 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13651638 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 (vi)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3697693\charrsid8331137  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 In the present case the plain meaning of the words must be ascertained, in their context. In the context of s. 14 .... the words }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 obligations imposed by Law}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137  referr
ed to obligations arising from an imposition by some superior authority whether one wishes or not (cf }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid13651638 Badcock v. Hunt}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137  supra per Fry L.J.)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13651638 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13651638\charrsid8331137 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13651638 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 (vii) The transaction in this case was not one which created }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 any obligation imposed by law}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137  (but by contract). Assuming that it was in pursuance of a personal debt, the issue of a warrant under s.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid343088  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 6 would have been in breach of }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13651638 s.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid343088  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 14.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13651638 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13651638\charrsid8331137 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13651638 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 (viii) In construing s.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid343088  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 14 not only do the limitations and exceptions expressed in s. 14(3) have to be taken into account, but also stated in s. 3 supra (cf }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 Soci\'e9}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13651638 t}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 \'e9}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid13651638 
 de United Docks v. Government of}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13651638  }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid13651638 Mauritius}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 
 (1985)1 All E.R. 864, per}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13651638  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 Lord Templeman): (per Kermode J.A. in }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13651638 
Fiji Waterside Workers}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 '}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid13651638  and Seamens}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 '}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid13651638  Union v. Reginam}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137  Cr. Appeal 104/77.).}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13651638 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13651638\charrsid8331137 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13651638 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13651638 (ix) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 
The restriction of freedom of movement of those debtors within the ambit of s. 6 in the sense that if they were free to abscond, commercial activity could be adversely affected might be said to be in the public interest. However that phrase was }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13651638 chameleonic}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 
, accommodating to its environment.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13651638 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13651638\charrsid8331137 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13651638 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13651638 (x) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9969985 The meaning most a}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid343088 pposite }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 in the context was that in which a class of the community have pecuniary interest or some interest by w
hich their legal rights or liabilities are affected. (per Lord Campbell C}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid343088 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 J., }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8140106 R. v. Bedfordshire}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137  24 L.J.Q.B. 84).}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13651638 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13651638\charrsid8331137 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13651638 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13651638 (xi) However }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 though as a body the Comme}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13651638 rcial community may be disadvan}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 taged by a finding that simple contract debts are outside the scope of s.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid343088  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 6 of}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13651638  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 
the Debtors Act (that community) as a body does not meet the prescription of public interest. Such contract debts might amount to a mere $10, claimed perhaps fraudulently or frivolously. The argument for public interest in the context of including th
e commercial community was rejected.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8331137 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13651638 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 The inconsistency between the Constitution and s. 6 of the Debtors Act is narrow. The inconsistency will exclude actions on contract from the ambit of s.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8140106  6 of the Debtors Act. To that}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137  extent only, the section is void.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13651638\charrsid8331137 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 Appeal dismissed.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13651638\charrsid8331137 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 Cases referred to:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13651638\charrsid8331137 
\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid13651638 Badcock v. Hunt}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137  (1889) 21 Q.B.D. 145}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13651638 
\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid13651638 Barlow v. Teal}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137  (1885) 15 Q.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8140106 B.D}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8140106  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 501}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13651638 

\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid13651638 Attorney}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8331137\charrsid13651638 -}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid13651638 
General of Fiji v. Director of Public Prosecutions}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137  (1983) 2 A.C. 672}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13651638 
\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 Soci\'e9t\'e9}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid13651638  de United Docks v. Government of }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13651638\charrsid13651638 
Mauritius}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151  (1985) 1 All E.R. 864}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13651638 
\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13651638\charrsid13651638 O}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid13651638 liver v. Buttigeig}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 
 (1966) 2 All E.R. 459
\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid13651638 Fiji Waterside Workers and Seamens Union v. Reginam }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 23 FLR 196}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13651638 
\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid13651638 R. v. Bedfordshire}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137  24 L.J.Q.B. 84
\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid13651638 Noble v. Laygate Investments Ltd}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137  (1978) 1 W.L.R. 1457}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13651638 

\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid13651638 Minister of Home Affairs v. Fisher}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137  (1980) A.C. 319
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7216024 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7216024\charrsid343088 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7216024 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid7216024 Judgment of the Court
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8331137 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7216024 
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7216024 O}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 '}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7216024 RE}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid343088 GAN J.}{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid7216024 A.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7216024 
\par On 25th July,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137  1986 the appellant issued a writ against the respondent seeking judgment of $3}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7216024 ,}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 175 for}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7216024  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 
goods sold and delivered. At the same time it applied ex}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8331137 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7216024 parte for an order}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4523866 ,}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137  pursuant to the authority of section 6 of the Debtors Act (Cap. 32) for a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7216024  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 warrant to arrest the respondent on the ground that he was about to abscond from the jurisdiction without having paid the debt.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4523866 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 On the same day}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7216024 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 
 Counsel for the appellant appeared before Rooney}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7216024  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 J. who after drawing Counsel}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 
s attention to Sections 5 and 14 of the Constitution, adjourned the matter to 28th July for further consideration. He also ordered service of the application on the respondent.
\par 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7216024 The record }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 shows that on 2}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4523866 8}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 th July, 1986 Counsel made a very brief submission after}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7216024  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 
which the matter was adjourned to 31st July, 1986. On that day Counsel again appeared. No further submissions were offered and the learned Judge announced that he would consider the nature of the application and give a ruling. No order}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7216024  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 was made for service on the Attorney}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8331137 -}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 General to represent the public interest nor}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7216024  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 
was an amicus curiae appointed to argue the matter.
\par 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 On 1}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7216024 2th August,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137  1986 the learned Judge dismissed the app
lication. In his written reasons for decision he held that }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4523866 S}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 
ection 6 of the Debtors Act Cap. 32 was to a limited extent inconsistent with the Constitution of Fiji and to that extent void.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7216024\charrsid8331137 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 Before proceeding to consider the appeal, we find it necessary to state that the proceedings in the court below}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7216024  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 had such unsatisfactory features as to render}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7216024  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 
the case an inappropriate vehicle for the determination of such an important question.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7216024\charrsid8331137 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 No consideration was given to the facts of the case. In our view}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7367703 , if the facts had}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3697693\charrsid8331137  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 been g}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7216024 iven even cursory consideration}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7367703 , }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 
the learned Judge would have felt himself constrained to hold that the evidence failed to establish that the alleged debt was the debt of the respondent}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6508436  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7216024 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6508436  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7216024 and that to the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7216024 contrary, it was }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 established that the debt was incurred by two companies named in the documents.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7216024\charrsid8331137 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 The order submitted to the appellants for the g}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7216024 oods in question was in writing}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137  under a printed letter head which reads:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7216024\charrsid8331137 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3489203 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7216024 TAVEUNI INTERNATIONAL}{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3489203  HOLIDAY RESORT}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7216024 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7216024 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7216024\charrsid7216024 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11010127 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 P. O. Box 1}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7216024 . W}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 ai}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7216024 yevo,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 
 Taveuni Island. Fiji. Telex: FJ 8277 Lesuma A. Division of Coulters Taveuni (Fiji) Ltd and Coulters Sports Tours (Fiji) Ltd.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8331137 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7216024\charrsid8331137 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 The order was addressed to the appellants at their address in Suva a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7216024 nd bears an illegible signature}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6508436 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137  which we assume to be that of the respondent}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6508436 ,}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137  above the typed words:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7216024\charrsid8331137 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7216024 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7216024 GEOFF COULTER
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid7216024 MANAGING DIRECTOR}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7216024 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7216024 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7216024\charrsid9245151 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8331137 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 In the body of the document immediately following the items of goods order}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7216024 ed, appear the following words:-}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7216024\charrsid8331137 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7216024 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid7216024 PLEASE NOTE
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7216024 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7216024 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7216024 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid7216024 ALL GARMENTS SUPPLIED WILL BE ACCEPTED}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6508436 

\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid7216024 TO INSPECTION BY THE UNDERSIGNED IN}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6508436 
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid7216024 TAVEUNI.}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid7216024 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15883790 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7216024\charrsid9245151 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8331137 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 On 7th April, 1986 after the goods had been }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7216024\charrsid8331137 delivered}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 Mr}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7216024  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 Jeff Coulter}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137  wrot}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7216024 e to the appellants as follows:-}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11010127 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7216024 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11010127 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 7th April 1986}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7216024 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 To th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11010127 e Manager,
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7216024 Sundarjee Bros. Ltd}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6508436 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7216024 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 Suva.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8331137 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7216024 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11010127 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 Confirm our order for supply of T}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8331137 -}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 shirts and beach tops as enumerated in your invoice numbers 10669 to 10673.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7216024 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11010127 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7216024 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11010127 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 I certify that I am the authorised officer of Taveuni International Resort to order the above goods.

\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11010127 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7216024 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11010127 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11010127 I f}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 urther certify that the }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7216024\charrsid8331137 goods}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7216024  h}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 ave been received in good order and condition.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11010127 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7216024 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11010127 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 Sgd}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3697693\charrsid8331137  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11010127 \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 7/4/86
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11010127 Mr Jeff Coulter \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 Date}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 
"}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8331137 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7216024 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 In his affidavit in support of the application for the warrant of arrest Mr Pravin Sundarjee d}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7216024 eposed, inter alia, as follows:-}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7216024 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7216024 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 4. That the said d
efendant, Geoffrey John Coulter a.k.a. Jeff Coulter is truly and justly indebted to the plaintiff in the sum of $3,175.00, interest and costs.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8331137 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7216024 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 
5. That the said defendant ordered the said goods from the plaintiff and photocopies of the written order and receipt of confirmation of the said goods dated 7th April 1986 and 9th May 1986 are attached marked }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 B}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137  and }
{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 C}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 .}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7216024 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7216024\charrsid8331137 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7216024 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 6. That the said goods were ordered personally by the defendant in his personal capacity.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8331137 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7216024 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7216024 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 7. That the defendant erroneously referred to himself as Managing Director in the letter}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8331137 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 head of Taveuni International Holiday Resort in Exhibit }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 C}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 
 where in fact Taveuni International Holiday Resort is neither a registered firm nor a registered company.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7216024 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7216024\charrsid8331137 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8331137 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 In our view, the documents do not support the conclusion reached by Mr Sundarjee and advanced in his }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7216024\charrsid8331137 affidavit}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 
. In any event it was not within his province to decide whether or not Coulter had personally ordered the goods. It was for him to depose to the relevant facts and for the court to make that decision.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7216024 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 It is clear from the heading of the order from that Tav}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7216024 e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 
uni International is not a company. To the contrary it is stated therein that it is }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 a division}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137  of Coulters Taveuni (Fiji) Ltd, and Coulters Sports Tours (Fiji) Ltd. The }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7216024\charrsid8331137 signatory}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137  to the order identified himself}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14182963  as }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14182963 Geoff Coulter}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 
 and gave his designation as }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 Managing Director}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 . From}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14182963  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 fair}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14182963  reading }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 o}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14182963 f }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14182963  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 order}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14182963  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 it}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14182963  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 
seems}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14182963  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 to}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14182963  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 us}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14182963  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 clear}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14182963  enough }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 
that the order was made on behalf of Coulters Taveuni (Fiji) Ltd, and Coulters Sports Tours (Fiji) Ltd, of both of which Coulter held himself out as Managing Director. They certainly do not establish that Coulter personally was in contract with the appe}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14182963 llant and proof of that was pre}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 requisite to an order that a warrant to arrest should issue.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14182963\charrsid8331137 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 Had the learned Judge considered these matters he would surely have found himself obliged to dismiss the application and that would have been the end of the matter. O
n this ground alone we must hold that the app}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14182963 lication was properly dis}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 missed and dismiss the appeal.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14182963\charrsid8331137 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14182963 H}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 
ad the Judge dismissed the application on the basis we have just mentioned the legal issues which he proceeded to discuss would not have arisen for consideration in the case. And}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14182963 , if as appears to be 
}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 the case}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14182963 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137  the respondent had already left the country when}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14182963  the application was heard,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137  there was no }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12142522\charrsid8331137 lis}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14182963\charrsid8331137 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 We also think that once the question as to whether}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14182963  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 
the Debtors Act infringed the provi}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14182963 sions of the Constitution arose,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137  the learned Judge should have ordered that the application }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8062389 b}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 e served upon the Attorney}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8331137 -}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 General as the chief legal officer}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14182963  of the Crown so that the state,}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137  one of the provisions of whose Constitution was to }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8062389 b}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 
e scrutinised}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14182963 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137  should have had the 
opportunity of being heard. We say at once that there is no statutory or other legal requirement in this country which required the learned Judge to take such a course but the inherent importance of the issue and the desirability of his having adversarial
 argument on the matter }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14182963 should, in our view,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137  have dictated such a course.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14182963 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 In the result the Judge was left to consider the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14182963 matter without adversarial argu}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 ment and had to reach his conclusions without that traditional and }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14182963\charrsid8331137 beneficent}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137  aid to judicial decision making. The result is that the decisio}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14182963 n is more in the nature of a leg}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 al opinion than of a judgment of a court of law reached after consideration of contrary arguments. It also resulted in the learned Judge considering the matter without the assistance of
 the decisions to which reference will later be made in this ju}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14182963 dgment and which the researches}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 
 of Counsel could well have discovered and brought to his notice.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14182963 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 Notwithstanding the disposal of the appeal on the facts}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14182963 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 
 we propose}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14182963 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137  out of def}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10039262 er}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 ence to the arguments of counsel and the lively interes}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14182963 t which we understand there to b}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 e in this case }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14182963 generally}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8062389 ,}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14182963  to }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 discuss the legal issues and express an opinion thereon. Our judgment }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14182963 
of course, in the circumstances,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137  will be of persuasive effect only but we venture to hope that it will assist the resolution of any future cases involving section 6 of the Debtors Act.}
{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14182963\charrsid8331137 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 In the court below}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14182963  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 the learned Judge considered sec}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4350082 tion 6 in the light of both sec}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 tions }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8062389 5 }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 and 14 of the Constitution each of which has to do with }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14182963 per}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 
sonal liberty. However section 14 deals specifically with freedom to leave Fiji and we propose to confine our considerations to that section only.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14182963\charrsid8331137 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9245151 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid4350082 Section 14, as f}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4350082 ar as it is relevant}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10039262 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4350082  provides:-}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4350082 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4350082\charrsid4350082 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4350082 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid4350082 1. No person s
hall be deprived of his freedom of movement and for the purposes of this section the said fre}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8062389 ed}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid4350082 
om means the right ........to leave Fiji.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4350082 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4350082 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4350082 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4350082 2. \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4350082\charrsid4350082 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8331137 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4350082 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4350082 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid4350082 3. Nothing contained in or}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4350082  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid4350082 done under}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4350082  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid4350082 the authority}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4350082  of }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid4350082 any la}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10039262 w}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid4350082  shall }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10039262 b}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid4350082 e held to }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8062389 b}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid4350082 e inconsistent with or in contravention of this section to the extent that the l}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4350082 aw in question makes provision:-
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4350082 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4350082 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4350082 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid4350082 (a)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4350082 \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8062389 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4350082 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4350082 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4350082 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4350082 (b)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4350082 ..............................}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4350082\charrsid4350082 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4350082 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4350082\charrsid4350082 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4350082 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid4350082 (h)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid4350082 
 for imposing restrictions on the right of any person to leave Fiji that are reasonably required in order to secure the fulfilment of any obligation}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4350082 s imposed on that person by law,}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid4350082  except so far as that provision }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid4350082  HYPERLINK http://or.as }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11040034\charrsid4350082 {\*\datafield 00d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b0200000003000000e0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b1c00000068007400740070003a002f002f006f0072002e00610073002f00000000000000000000}}
}{\fldrslt {\cs15\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4350082 or, }{\cs15\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid4350082 as}}}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4350082  the case may be,}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid4350082  the thing done under the authority thereof is shown not to }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8062389 b}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid4350082 
e reasonably justifiable in a democratic society.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4350082 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4350082\charrsid4350082 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8062389 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid4350082 We have not rehearsed the limitations contained i}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8062389 
n paragraphs }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8062389\charrsid10039262 (a)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8062389  to }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8062389\charrsid10039262 (g}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4350082\charrsid10039262 )}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4350082  of sub}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid4350082 section 3.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid4350082 The learned judge considered that}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4350082  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid4350082 the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4350082 y }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid4350082 bore no}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4350082  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid4350082 application to the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4350082  case and we agree with}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid4350082  him.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid612382 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8062389 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4350082 Section 6}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137  of the Debtors Act provides:}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8331137 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4350082\charrsid8331137 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8062389 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 If it is shown to the satisfaction of th}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4350082 e court that the defendant in an}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 y action for the recovery of a sum exceeding }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4350082 
ten dollars is about to abscond,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137  the court }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4350082 may in its discretion,}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137  issue a warrant to arrest the defendant and }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4350082 commit him}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 
 to prison}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4350082 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137  there to be kept until he shall have given }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8062389 b}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 ail or security in such}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4350082  sum}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8786374 ,}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4350082  to}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8062389 b}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 
e expressed in the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4350082  warrant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8786374 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4350082  as }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4350082 he}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137  court thinks fit, not exceeding the probable amount of d
ebt or damages and costs}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4350082 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 
 for his appearance at anytime when called upon while the action is pending and until execution or satisfaction of any judgment that may }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8062389 b}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 e made against him in th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4350082 e action}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8786374 ;}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4350082  and the surety or sur}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 eties shall}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8786374  undertake}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4350082 , in }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 default of such }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4350082 appearance}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8786374 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4350082  to }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 pay any sum of money that may }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8062389 b}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 e adjudged against him in the action with costs:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8331137 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4350082 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4350082 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 Provided}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4350082  that the court may at any time,}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137  upon reasonable cause being shown}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4350082 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 
 release the defendant from such arrest.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4350082 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4350082\charrsid8331137 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8331137 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 The learned Judge in considering the sc}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4350082 
ope of the Act had this to say:-}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4350082 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4350082 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 
The Debtors Act refers to the defendant in any action for the recovery of a sum exceeding ten dollars. It is not confined in its scope to a simple debt created by way of loan or the supply of goods and services on credit. The defendant may }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8062389 b}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 e sued in tort.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4350082 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4350082\charrsid8331137 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8331137 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 
Having so said he went on to consider the section in the light of the constitutional provisions and on the basis that the former had to do only with claims in}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3697693\charrsid8331137  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 simple debt and tort.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4350082 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 And having so limited its ambit he went on to say:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4350082\charrsid8331137 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4350082 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 
I am prepared to concede that a debt is an obligation. It is less easy to accept that a claim in tort which is genuinely resisted also constitutes an obligation. But on either case I do not consider that such obligations are imposed by law.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8331137 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4350082 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 In our view the section clearly is wider in its scope than the learned Judge held it to }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4350082 b}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 e. In its term it applies to all money claims exceeding ten dollars }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4350082 and to }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 give but a few examples}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4350082 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137  would encompass such money cla}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4350082 ims by central and local govern}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 ments for}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8786374  taxes and rates and other dues;}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137  actions by beneficiaries against trustees and actions in tort for breaches of statutory duty.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4350082 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 The generality of the section is such that e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8062389 ach individual case must b}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4350082 e con}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 sidered in the light of its o}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8786374 w}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 
n intrinsic nature and its own facts and the inquiry in each instance is whether or not an order is }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 
reasonably required in order to secure the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14625664\charrsid8331137 fulfilment}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137  of any obligations imposed on the person (respondent) by la}
{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4350082 w}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 

\par 
\par The learned Judge did not embark upon any consideration of the meaning}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4350082  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 of}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4350082  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 the phrase }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 imposed by law}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137  in section 14. The phrase has been the subject of judicial interpretation in several other contexts.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4350082\charrsid8331137 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4350082\charrsid8786374 In }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4350082 Badcock v}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid4350082 . Hunt}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137  (1888) Q.B.D. 147 it fell to the Court of Appeal to consider the meaning of the word }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 imposed}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137  as it appeared in a covenan}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4350082 t by a lessee to pay }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4350082 all rates, taxes and impositions }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 whatsoever whether parliamentary}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4350082 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 
 parochial or imposed by the Corporat}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4350082 ion of the city of London .....}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 
 and the question }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4399536 was whether a water rate could b}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 e said to }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10895942 b}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 e a rate or imposition }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 imposed}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137  within the meaning of those words. In his judgment L}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4350082 
ord Esher M.R. had this to say:-}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11544040 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11544040 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11544040 
The question appears to me to be whether this water rate can be said to be a rate or imposition }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11544040 imposed}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11544040  within the meaning of those words. I do not think it can}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4399536 .}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11544040  I do not think that a charge to which a person can only be made liable with his own consent 
can be said to be imposed upon him within the meaning of this covenant. If a man buys things in a shop, the liability to pay the price may be said in one sense to be imposed on him by law but that is not, in my opinio}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4528594 n the sense in which the terms }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4528594 imposed}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}
{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11544040  and }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11544040 imposition}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11544040  are used in the covenant.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8274770 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11544040 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11544040 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11544040 
\par And in the same case Fry L.J. said:-
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11544040 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11544040 \'85..is this a rat}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12648531 e which comes within the words }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11544040 imposed otherwise howsoever}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11544040 . In my judgment it is not imposed at all within the meaning of the covenant; it becomes payabl
e by the voluntary action of the person who chooses to take the water and thereby incurs the legal liability to pay for it; it is not, like the rates and charges previously mentioned in the covenant, an imposition by some superior authority by which a man
 becomes liable}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11544410  to pay whether he will or not.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11544040 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11544040 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11544040 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5404532\charrsid8274770 In }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5404532 Barlow v Teal }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5404532 (1885) 15 Q.B.D. 501 the phrase }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5404532 by law necessary}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5404532 
 fell for consideration. In that case dealing with the question whether a particular notice required by the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7219119  Agricultural Holdings Act was }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5404532 by law necessary}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5404532 , Lord Brett M.R. at pp. 502-3 said:}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11544040 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5404532 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5404532 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5404532\charrsid7632263 I am of the opinion upon the tru}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8274770 e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5404532\charrsid7632263 
 construction of the Act that the section applies where there is no express stipulation as to the termination of the tenancy, and that it does not apply where there is an express
 stipulation. Where there is no express stipulation, the mode of determining the contract of demise is governed by the law and not by the contract entered into by the parties. Whenever a tenancy from year to year is created by implication of law, }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3029420\charrsid7632263 there must be a full half-year}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8274770 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3029420\charrsid7632263 
s notice to quit; if no stipulation is contained in the demise for the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5404532\charrsid7632263 determination of the tenancy, a stipulation would be introduced by law that it should be determined by a half-year
}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5404532\charrsid7632263 s notice. But where the parties to }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid986713\charrsid7632263 a demise}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5404532\charrsid7632263  have agreed that a half-}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3029420\charrsid7632263 year}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3029420\charrsid7632263 s notice shall be given this a stipulation created by the contract entered into between the parties}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5404532\charrsid7632263 
, and it is not a stipulation }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10765956 created by the law.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5404532\charrsid7632263 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid986713 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid986713\charrsid7632263 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid986713 In the same case, Baggalley L.J. is to like effect. He said, at p.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8274770  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid986713 504-
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid986713 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid986713 \'85\'85
.in the present case, the parties have by their contract stipulated for a six month}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid986713 s notice; and therefore the mode of determining the t}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15140620 enancy is not regulated by law.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid986713 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid986713 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid986713 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5661050 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid986713 There is little, if any, difference in meaning of the phrases }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid986713 imposed by law}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3368105  and }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3368105 by law necessary}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid986713 . Certainly a requirement imposed by law }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 is by law }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid986713 necessary.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid986713 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid986713 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5661050 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid986713 Both these decisions were approved y Oliver J. in }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid986713\charrsid14627755 
Noble v Laygate Investments Ltd }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14627755 (}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid986713\charrsid14627755 1978}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14627755 )}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid986713\charrsid14627755  1}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid986713  W.L.R. 1457 in which the words }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8274770 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid986713 any restriction imposed by law}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8274770 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid986713 
 appearing in a statute were considered and it was held that certain provisions in the defendant company}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid986713 s articles of association did not fall wi}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11944181 thin the phrase because it was }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid986713 a legal consequence of the arrangement
s voluntarily assumed by the company and not something which can be said }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid151814 to be}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11944181  imposed on the company by law.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid986713 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid986713 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid151814 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8331137 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid151814 
Both Mr Sharma and Mr Singh submitted that the learned Judge in construing sections 5 and 14 of the constitution had been unduly restrictive in his approach and failed to take into }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5661050 c}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid151814 onsideration the special rules set for the construction of a constitution. They referred to}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid151814\charrsid8274770  }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid151814 Minister of Home Affairs v Fisher}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid151814  (1980) A.C. 319 in which }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 L
ord Wilberforce said that the way to interpret a constitution on the Westminister model is to treat it not as if it were an Act of Parliament but }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 as sui generis, calling for interpretation of its own suita}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5661050 ble to its character .......... }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 without necessary acceptance of all the presumptions that are relevant to legislation and private law.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid151814 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 In }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid151814 Attorney}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8331137\charrsid151814 -}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid151814 General of Fiji v }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid151814 Director of Public Prosecutions}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 
 (1983) 2 A.C. 672 Lord Fraser delivering the judgment of the Privy Council had this to say:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid151814 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid151814 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 Their Lordsh
ips fully accept that a constitution should be dealt with in that}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3697693\charrsid8331137  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 way and should receive}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13003677  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 a generous interpretation. But that does not }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid151814\charrsid8331137 requi}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid151814 re the c}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 ourts when construing a constitution to reject the plain ordinary meaning}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid151814 
 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 of words.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid151814 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid151814\charrsid8331137 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8331137 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 Against that background, Mr Sharma went on to}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid151814 
 refer to a passage in the judg}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 ment of Lord Esher in }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid151814 Badcock v. Hunt}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137  (supra) in which he }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid151814 observed, that }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid151814 if a man buys a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137  thing in a shop the liability to pay the price may}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8274770  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 be said in a sense imposed on him by law}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137  and he submitted tha
t a like construction should be applied here.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid151814\charrsid8331137 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 
We do not accept this submission. First we note that Lord Esher did not apply the construction himself and that accordingly his remarks are obiter. That, however, does not necessarily preclude its use in the construction of section 14.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid151814 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 Lord Esher said that liability was }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid151814 in a sense}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137  imposed ........ by law}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 
 but he did not go on to say in what sense. It seems to us that he merely intended to convey the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3697693\charrsid8331137  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 
notion that when parties entered into an agreement for valuable consideration}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid151814  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 
(which the transaction of which he spoke, indeed was) the law, placed or set liabilities upon them. That sort of situation is greatly different from that where a tax, a rate or other impost is imposed by Parliament or some other super}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5661050 ior authority. The word }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5661050 impost}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137  throws the distinction into bold relief. It could not be said that the liability created by a contract is an impost.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid151814 
\par 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 In this case we do not think there is scope for doing other than as}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid151814 certaining the plain meaning of }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 the words in the context of the sub}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8331137 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 
section. In the context of section 14 we think the words }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 obligations imposed ......... by law}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137  refer to obligations arising from }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 an imposition by some superior authority which a man becomes liable to pay whether he will or not}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13003677  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8331137 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6044592  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 w}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13003677 o}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 rds of Fry L.J. in }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid151814 Badcock v. Hu}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid151814 nt}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137  (supra).}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid151814\charrsid8331137 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 We accordingly are of the opinion that the transaction in this case was not one}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3697693\charrsid8331137  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 which created}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5064606  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6843774 
any obligation imposed by law}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137  and, assuming for the moment that}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid151814  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 it was in respect of a personal debt, the issuance of a warrant under section }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5661050 6}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137  would have been in breach of section 14 of the constitution.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6843774\charrsid8331137 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 Mr Singh also submitted that the learned Judge in coming to his decision failed to give consideration to the effect of section 3 of the Constitution. That section}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6843774  provides:-}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6843774\charrsid8331137 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6843774 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 3. Whereas every person in Fiji
 is entitled to the fundamental rights and freedoms of the individual, that is to say, the right, whatever his race, place of origin, political opinions, colour, creed or se}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5661050 x}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 , but subject to respect for the rights and freedoms of others and for the public interest, to each a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6843774 nd all of the following, namely-
}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8331137 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6843774\charrsid8331137 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6843774 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid6843774 (a)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 
 life, liberty, security of the person and the protection of the law;
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8331137 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6843774 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6843774 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid6843774 (b)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 
 freedom of conscience, of expression and of assembly and association; and
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8331137 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6843774 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6843774 (c) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6843774 protection for the privacy of his home and oth
er property and from deprivation o}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9969985 f property without compensation,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6843774 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1078149 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6843774\charrsid6843774 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5661050 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 the provisions of this Chapter shall have effect for the purpose of affording p}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1078149 ro}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 tection to those rights and freedoms subject to such l}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1078149 
imitations of that protec}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 tion as are contained in those provisions, being limitations}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1078149  designed to ensure that the en}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 joyment of}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1078149  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 
the said rights and freedoms by any person does not prejudice the rights and freedoms of others or the public interest.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8331137 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1078149\charrsid8331137 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 This section appears in Chapter }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid737200 II}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137  of the Constitution in wh
ich section 14 is also to be found. Accordingly the reference in section 3 to }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 the provisions of this Chapter}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137  includes the provisions of section 14 and it imports not}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1078149  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 only these provisions but also the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 limitations .....}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid737200 . contained in those provisions}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid737200  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 which of course, includes paragraph }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid9969985 (h)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 
 in subsection (1) of that section.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid737200 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 A section in the Maltese Constitution identical with section 3 was considered by }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1078149 the Privy Council in }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1078149\charrsid1078149 Ol}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid1078149 iver}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1078149\charrsid1078149  }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid1078149 v. Buttigeig}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137  (1966) 2 All E.R.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13003677  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 459 in which Lord Morris who deli}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1078149 vered the judgment of the Board,}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137  said at p. 461:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1078149 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1078149 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1078149 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 
Though the section must be given such declaratory force as it independently }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid1078149  HYPERLINK http://possesses.it }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11040034\charrsid1078149 {\*\datafield 
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\cs15\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1078149\charrsid1078149 possesses}}}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1078149\charrsid1078149  it }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 
would appear in the main to be of the nature of a preamble. It is an introduction to and i}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13003677 n a sense a prefa}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 
tory or explanatory note in regard to the sections which are to follow. It is a declaration of entitlement}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13003677  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8331137 -}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13003677  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 coupled however with a declaration though }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 every person in Malta}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 
 is entitled to fundamental rights and freedoms of the individual as specified. Yet such entitlement is }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 
subject to respect for rights and freedoms of others and for the public interest.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8331137 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1078149 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 A similar provision in the Constitution of Mauritius (also section 3) was considered by the Priv}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1078149 y}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137  Council in (}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid737200 Societ}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13003677 e}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 '}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid1078149  de United Docks v. }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1078149\charrsid1078149 Gove}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1078149 rn}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1078149\charrsid1078149 ment}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid1078149  of }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1078149\charrsid1078149 Mauritius}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137  (1985) 1 All E.R. 8}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid737200 6}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 4. In}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1078149  that case Lord Templeman said:-}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1078149\charrsid1003259 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1003259 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid1003259 
Their Lordships have no doubt that all provisions of Chapte}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9969985 r II, including section 8 must b}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid1003259 
e construed in the light of the provisions of section 3.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8331137 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1003259\charrsid1003259 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1003259 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid1003259 ...... Section 3 recognises that there has existed and declares that there shall }
{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid1003259  HYPERLINK http://continue.to }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11040034\charrsid1003259 {\*\datafield 
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continue}{\cs15\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid1003259  to}}}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid1003259 
 exist, the right of the individual to protection from deprivation of property without compensation subject to respect for others and respect for the public interest. Section 8 sets forth circumstances on which the right to deprivation of property can }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid737200 b}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid1003259 e set aside but it is not to curtail the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1003259\charrsid1003259 ambit}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid1003259  of Section}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9264090  3}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13003677 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1003259 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1003259\charrsid1003259 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8331137 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1003259 It w}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid1003259 as Mr}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1003259  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid1003259 Sin}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1003259 g}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid1003259 h}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid1003259 s submission that the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 
 effect of these decisions is that in considering section 14 not only do the limitations and exceptions}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1003259  upon it stated in sub}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 
section 3 thereof have to be}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid737200  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 taken account of but also the limitations stated in section 3 and in this}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1003259  case in }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 particular, that in relation to the public interest.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1003259\charrsid8331137 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 We accept that submission. It is of interest to note that the same principle was stated by Kermode J. in the }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid1013982 
Fiji }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid1003259 Waterside Workers and Sea}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid737200 men}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid1003259 s Union v. Reginam}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1003259  23 FLR 196 in which he said:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1003259\charrsid8331137 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1003259 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 Of more significance however i
s the wording of section 3 of the Constitution to which section the other sections of Chapter }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4274854 II}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137  ar}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1003259 e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 
 subordinate. I interpret subsection (2) of both sections 12 and 13 as specifying limitations in subsection (1) in both sections but necessarily all the l}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11536932 imitations. There still has to b}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 e taken into account the overriding final words of section }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4274854\charrsid8331137 3}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9969985  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4274854\charrsid8331137 ........ }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 There is no express}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1003259  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 reference to the public interest in subsection (2) of sections (}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11536932\charrsid8331137 12)}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11536932  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 and (13). }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1003259 While}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137  the limitations speci}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11536932 fied are in the public interest,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 
 I do not consider the omission of any specific reference to the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1013982 p}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 
ublic interest}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1013982 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137  in the subsections to }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1003259 b}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 e }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1003259 exclusionary as }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 effect must }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11536932 b}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 e given to the operative provisions of section 3 where the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1003259  words }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1003259 the public interest}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1003259  are}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137  used twice.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8331137 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1003259 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 Mr Singh went on to submit that the restrictions of freedom of movement of persons who come within the ambit of section }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12401085 6}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137  of the Debtors Act is a matter of public interest. He contended that if they were free to abscond commercial activity in the country would }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12401085 be thrown into a state of chaos.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1003259 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 The phrase }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 the public interest}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137  in section 3 appears in the context of }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 limitations designed to ensure that the employment of}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1003259  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 
the said rights and freedoms by any person does not}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1003259  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 prejudice}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1013982  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 ...... the public interest.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137  The phrase }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1003259\charrsid8331137 embodies an}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137  elusive concept: it is to be found in a host}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1003259  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 of}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1003259  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 statutes and its meaning is }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1003259\charrsid8331137 chameleonic}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 :}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1003259  a}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 lways }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1003259\charrsid8331137 accommodating}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 
 its shade to its environment}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9969985 . In our view the meaning most a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 pposite to the present situation is:}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1003259\charrsid8331137 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1003259 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 That in which a class of the community 
have a pecuniary interest or some interest by which their legal rights or liabilities are affected.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8331137 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1003259 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12401085 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1013982 As per Lord Campbell C.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 J. in }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid1003259 R v. Bedfords}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1013982 h}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid1003259 ire}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137  24 L.J.Q.B. 84.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8331137 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1003259\charrsid8331137 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 The commercial community}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1003259  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 of Fiji may}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1003259  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 
well be sometimes adversely affected by a finding that simple contract debts are outside the ambit of section 6 of the Debtors Act but we do not think it as a body meets the prescription of }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 the publ}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12401085 ic interest}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12401085 
 which we have set o}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 ut above. There is also a compet}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12401085 ing constitutional interest to b}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 e considered namely that of those persons minded to}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7632263  leave Fiji who may be impeded by}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137  a mere money}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1003259  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 claim for}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1003259  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 ten}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1003259  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 
dollars or}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1003259  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 so}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1003259  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 which may}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9969985  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 be frivolously or}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1003259  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 fraudulently}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7632263  made and which may or may not b}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 e sustainable in a court of law.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7632263\charrsid8331137 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 We do not think a case has been made out for imposing a limitation pursuant to section 3 under}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1003259  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 the head of}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1003259  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 pub}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1003259 lic interest and we accordingly}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137  re}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1003259 ject the second limit of Mr Sing}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 h}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 s submission.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1003259 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 The conclusion reached by the learned Judge was that section 6 of the Debtors }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7632263 Act is inconsistent with the c}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 onstitution of Fiji and is }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7632263 to that extent void. The words h}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 
e used came directly from section 2 of the Constitution which reads:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1003259\charrsid8331137 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1003259 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 The Constitution of Fiji is the supreme law}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1003259  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 of Fiji and if any other law is inconsistent with this Constitution that other law shal}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1003259 l to the extent of the inconsis}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 tency }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7632263 b}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 e void.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8331137 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1003259 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 The inconsistency}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1003259  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 thrown}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1003259  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 up}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1003259  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 by}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1003259  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 this}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1003259  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 
case falls}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1003259  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 with}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1003259  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 in}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1003259  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 a narrow}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1003259  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 ambit.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15687449  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 
It}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1003259  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 
excludes actions in contract from the ambit of section 6 of the Debtors Act and it is to that extent only that the section is void.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1003259 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid8331137 The appeal is dismissed.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1003259 
\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988\charrsid1003259 Appeal dismissed.}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8210988 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1003259\charrsid1013982 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1003259 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1003259 Speight V.P.
\par Mishra J.A}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1013982 .}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1003259 
\par O}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9245151 '}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1003259 Regan J.A}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1013982 .}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1003259 
\par }}