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\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10948192 1987] 33 FLR 100}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10948192\charrsid10948192 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10948192 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10948192\charrsid3344894 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14292803 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14292803 IN THE }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 SUPREME COURT }{ \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14292803 OF FIJI \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14292803 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14292803\charrsid3344894 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14292803 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7943395 RE NIKH}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 1L NA}{ \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14292803 ID}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 U}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14292803 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14292803\charrsid3344894 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14292803 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14292803 [SUPREME COURT Rooney, J.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14292803\charrsid14292803 -}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 17 July 1987}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14292803 ]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14292803 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14292803\charrsid3344894 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14292803 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 Civil Jurisdiction \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14292803 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 \par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 Habeas}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14292803\charrsid14292803 }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 Corpus}{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3344894 }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14292803\charrsid14292803 -}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3344894 }{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 arrest}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14292803\charrsid14292803 }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 suspect}{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14292803\charrsid14292803 }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 person}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14292803\charrsid14292803 }{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 detained}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3344894 }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14292803\charrsid14292803 -}{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3344894 }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 not}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14292803\charrsid14292803 }{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 g}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14292803\charrsid14292803 iven statement in writing of grounds}{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 not charged}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3344894 }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14292803\charrsid14292803 -}{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3344894 }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 no reasonable suspicion of criminality}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3344894 }{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14292803\charrsid14292803 -}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3344894 }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 insupportable reliance on the Public Emergency Regulations}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3344894 }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14292803\charrsid14292803 -}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3344894 }{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 Constitutional guarantee of personal freedom \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14292803\charrsid3344894 \par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 J. Cameron}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 for the Applicant \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14292803 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 On 16}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7943395 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 July 1987}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14292803 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 Nazhat}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14292803 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 Shameem}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14292803 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 (applicant)}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14292803 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 sister}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14292803 -}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 in}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14292803 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 law}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14292803 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 of}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14292803 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 Nikhi}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14292803 l }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 Naidu}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14292803 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 (Naidu)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14292803 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 applied under Order 54 Rule for a writ of Habeas Corpus in respect}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14292803 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 of the detention of Naidu who had surrend}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3344894 er}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 ed himself voluntarily at the Central Police Station on the 9th July 1987 having learned that the Police wished to interview him. Therea fter apparently he was detained against his will in a cell at the Central Police Station and that detention continued up to the time the Court heard the return of the writ on 11 July 1987. The applicant said she had been unable to ascertain the reason for Naidu's detention, that he had not been charged with any offence, and had not been given reasons in writing therefor other than having been informed by Inspector Driver that he was being detained under section 17 of the Public Emergency Regulations. The r espondent identifying himself as Mohammed Ishak, appeared to show cause. He confirmed the continued detention of Naidu. \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14292803 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 He ca}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14292803 ll}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 ed inspector Moses Driver to explain the circumstances under oath. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14292803 This evidence included that at}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 10.40 a.m. on 8 July 1987 a tel ephone call was received at the office of Air Terminal Services Limited, Nadi. The caller who claimed to speak for the "Freedom Fighters", said a bomb had been placed on (an aircraft) on an Auckland morning flight. Technicians were able to trace the call to a number which was }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16015166 Sedg}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16015166\charrsid14292803 wick}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 (Fiji) Limited a firm of insurance brokers by whom Naidu was employed. Police officers thereupon went to that office and arrested some 17 members of the staff and took them to Central Police Station. \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14292803 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 Inspector Driver took ov}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14292803 er the interrogation. H}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 e ascertained the voice which made the call was f}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14292803 emale. So he released all the m}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 ale staff. Interrogation continued until the early hours of 9 July. At 0100 hours a person being interrogated said she had overheard Naidu at the office mention "Freedom Fighters". The witness did not explain that he had other information about "Freedom Fighters". He decided to interview Naidu. He sent a message; Naidu came to the Station that morning 9 July at 0950 hours with Dr Cameron. At 1100 hours In spector Driver told Naidu he was}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6188743 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 arresting him on suspicion in regard to the telephone call made to Air Terminal Services. Naidu was confined to a cell. On cross}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14292803 -}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 examination he agreed to being satisfied the telephone call had been correctly traced; but if t here was any mistake as to the number, the whole enquiry would be groundless. He agreed Naidu told him he was (at the ANZ Bank and) not in at the time the call was made. The Inspector took statements but could get no substantiation of the first part i.e. that Naidu had been at the ANZ bank at 10.05 a.m. He said he was not familiar with }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6188743\charrsid14292803 s.17 (}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 5) of the Regulations under which he had purported to act; it would have been practicable to give Naidu written reasons for his detention. This had not been done. \par \par Naid u was not charged with any offence before the Court hearing but Inspector Driver had in mind a charge under the Telecommunications Act Cap. 173 related to menacing or false messages. Inspector Driver wanted Naidu held so he could search his house to see i f anything there might show Naidu had made the call. Evidence by the applicant was given to which reference was been made earlier, which included the circumstances of arrest.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6188743\charrsid14292803 \par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid6188743 Held:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 Naidu to be released forthwith.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6188743\charrsid14292803 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 The learned Judge indicated he would give his reasons later on, for the Order for release he had made. Those reasons included the following, (letters being added).}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6188743\charrsid14292803 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 A. Police may not under the Public Emergency Regulations arrest and detain persons with impunity; the right to personal liberty grant ed by s.5 of the Constitution still existed. That section (where relevant) read: \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6188743 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 "5.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14292803 -}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 (1) No person shall be deprived of his personal liberty}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6188743 as maybe authorised bylaw in }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 any of the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6188743 following cases, that is to say-}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14292803 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6188743\charrsid14292803 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6188743 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6188743\charrsid6188743 (a)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6188743\charrsid6188743 .....}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid20748 ..}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6188743\charrsid6188743 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6188743 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6188743 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6188743 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid6188743 (b}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6188743\charrsid6188743 )}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6188743\charrsid14292803 .....}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid20748 ..}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6188743 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6188743 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6188743 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6188743 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid6188743 (c}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6188743\charrsid6188743 )}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6188743\charrsid14292803 .......}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6188743 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6188743 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6188743 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6188743 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6188743\charrsid6188743 (d)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6188743 \'85}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 ...}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6188743 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6188743 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6188743 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6188743 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid6188743 (e)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 upon reasonable suspicion of his having committed, or being about to commit, a criminal offence; \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14292803 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6188743 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6188743 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6188743\charrsid6188743 (f)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6188743 .......}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6188743 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6188743 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6188743 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6188743\charrsid6188743 (g)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6188743 ...... \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14292803 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6188743 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6188743 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid6188743 (h}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6188743\charrsid6188743 )}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6188743\charrsid14292803 ....}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6188743 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6188743\charrsid14292803 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6188743 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6188743\charrsid14292803 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6188743 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid6188743 (i)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 .....}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6188743 ..}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5636364 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5636364 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6188743 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5636364 (j)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5636364 ........}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5636364\charrsid5636364 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6188743 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6188743\charrsid14292803 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6188743 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 (2) Any person who is arrested or detained shall be informed as soon as reasonably practic able, in a language that he understands, of the reasons for his arrest or detention. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14292803 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6188743 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 (3) Any per}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6188743 son who is arrested or detained-}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14292803 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6188743 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6188743 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid6188743 (a)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 for the purpose of bringing him before a court in execution of the order of a court; or \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14292803 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6188743 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6188743 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid6188743 (b)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 upon a }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12871401\charrsid14292803 reasonable}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 suspicion of his having committed, or bring about to commit a criminal offence, \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14292803 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6188743 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 and who is not released, shall be afforded reasonable facilities to consult a legal, representative of his own choice and shall be brought without undue delay before a court. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14292803 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6188743 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 (4) Where any person is brought before a court in execution of the order of a court in any proceedings or upon suspicion of his having committed or being about to commit an offence, he shall not be thereafter further be held in custody in connection with those proceedings or that offence save upon the order of a cou}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12871401 r}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 t. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14292803 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6188743 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 (5) If any person arrested or detained as mentioned in subsection (3)}{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid7548754 (b) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 of this section is not tried within a reasonable time, without prejudice to any further proceedings that may be b rought against him, he shall be released either unconditionally or upon reasonable conditions, including in particular such conditions as are reasonably necessary to ensure that he appears at a later date for trial or for proceedings preliminary to trial. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14292803 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6188743\charrsid14292803 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6188743 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 (6)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14292803 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 Any person who is unlawfully arrested or detained by any other person shall be entitled to }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6188743\charrsid14292803 compensation}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 therefor from that other person, or from any other person or authority on whose behalf that other person was acting.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14292803 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6188743\charrsid14292803 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6188743 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 (7)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14292803 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 Nothing contained in or d one under the authority of any law shall be held to be inconsistent with or in contravention of this section to the extent that the law in question authorises the taking during a period of public emergency of measures that are reasonably justifiable for t he purpose of dealing with the situation that exists in Fiji during that period."}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14292803 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6188743\charrsid14292803 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 B}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16396448 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14292803 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 The Court noted that pursuant to a proclamation of 14 May 1987 by the Governor}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14292803 -}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 General there did eventually exist "a period of public emergency" as defined by the Constitution }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6188743\charrsid14292803 s.18 (}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 6).}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6188743\charrsid14292803 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 C}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16396448 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14292803 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 The Public Emergency Regulations gave the power to detain suspected persons in }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6188743\charrsid14292803 s.17 (}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 1)set}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6188743 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 out}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6188743 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 in the Reasons for}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6188743 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 Judgment}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6188743 }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid6188743 Rex}{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6188743\charrsid6188743 }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid6188743 v.}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6188743\charrsid6188743 }{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid6188743 Halliday}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6188743 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 (1917)}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12871401 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 A.C.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3344894 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 260}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12871401 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 (per Lord Atkinson) assists to determine the use which can be made of s.17. \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6188743 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 D}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16396448 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14292803 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 The onus was on the respondent to prove the arrest and detention of Naidu was lawful. There has to be the reasonable suspicion referred to in }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6188743\charrsid14292803 s.17 (}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 4). The Court then must decide if Sergeant Driver had had rea}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6188743 sonable cause detain Naidu (}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6188743\charrsid6188743 List}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid6188743 er}{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6188743\charrsid6188743 v Perrim}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid6188743 an}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 (1970) 4 L.R.H. 521.) \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6188743 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 E}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16396448 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14292803 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 Sergeant Driver did not reasonably suspect Naidu had acted or was about to act in any of the circumstances set out in s.17. \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3482732 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 F}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16396448 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14292803 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 It remains the duty of a person affecting an arrest to give the reasons for a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13781248 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 new detention and at the first reasonable opportunity (}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid3482732 Christie v. Lechinsky}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 (1947) A.C. 573.) \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3482732 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 G}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16396448 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14292803 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 The arrest of Naidu was not lawful. The Inspector had no warrant. He did not reasonably suspect him. \par \par H}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16396448 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 See also }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3482732\charrsid14292803 s.16 (}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 2), designed for the protection of a detained person which read further}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3482732\charrsid14292803 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3482732 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 "..... shall as soon as reasonably practicable and in any case not more than seven days after the commencement of his detention, be furnished with a statement }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid3482732 in writing}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 , in a language he understands, specify in detail the grounds upon which he is detained" \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14292803 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 \par Inspector Driver admitted this constitutional requirement was not compiled though it was reasonably practicable to do so.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3482732\charrsid14292803 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 Observations made on the acceptance or responsibility for illegal detention.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3482732\charrsid14292803 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 Superintendent Ishak to pay costs.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3482732\charrsid14292803 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 Cases referred to:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3482732\charrsid14292803 \par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid3482732 R v. Halliday}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 (1917) A.C. 260 \par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid3482732 Lister v. Perryman}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3482732 (1870) 4 L.R. H.L. 521 \par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid3482732 Christie v. Lechinsky}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 (1947) A.C. 573 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3482732 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3482732 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid3482732 Reasons for Judgment \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14292803 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3482732 \par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid3482732 F.X. ROONEY, J. \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3482732\charrsid14292803 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 On the 10th July 1987 the applicant applied to this Court under Order 54 Rule 1 for a writ of habeas corpus and sub}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3344894 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 jiciendum in respect of her brother}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14292803 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 in}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14292803 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 law, Nikhil Naidu. The supporting affidavit stated that on the 9th July Naidu had "surrendered himself voluntarily" to the Central Police Station at 0930 having learned that the police wished to interview him. He had been arrested and released on the previous day. He was detained in a cell at the Central Police Station against his will and the applicant said that she was unable to a s certain the reasons for Naidu's detention, other than being informed by Inspector Driver that he was being detained under Section 17 of the Public Emergency Regulations. The applicant alleged that Naidu was not charged with any offence and had not been gi ven reasons for his detention in writing. \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3482732 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 The writ followed I convened a special sitting of this Court on}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3482732 the morning of Saturday the 11}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 th July. The respondent who identified himself as Mohammed Ishak, appeared to show cause. He confirmed the continued det ention of Naidu in a cell at the station. He called Inspector Moses Driver to explain the circumstances under oath. \par \par Moses Driver told the Court that he was investigating an allegation against Naidu. He said that there was information that at 1040 hours on the 8th July a telephone call was received at the office of Air Terminal Services Limited, Nadi. The caller said that she was speaking on behalf of the "Freedom Fighters" and that a bomb had been placed on an Auckland morning flight. Because Air Terminal Services had been the recipient of previous calls of a similar nature, the telephone line had been supplied with a mechanism which kept the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11273615 line open until both telephone}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 were replaced. This enabled post office technicians to trace the caller at telephone 311280. This was rented by Sedgwick (Fiji) Limited a firm of insurance brokers by whom Naidu was employed. \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 Inspector Driver said that a team of police officers went down to Sedgwick's office at Dominion House in Central Suva and ar rested "about" 17 members of the staff and took them to the Central Police Station. At 1430 hours he took over the investigation. He ascertained from the telephone operator at Air Terminal Services that the voice on the telephone which delivered the threa t or warning about the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3482732 bomb was female. As a result, I}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 nspector Driver released all the male staff, (including Naidu). The females were then subjected to interrogation which went on into the early hours of the following morning. At 0100 hours Driver learned from one of those luckless ladies that she had overheard Naidu at the office mentioning "Freedom Fighters". \par \par Inspector Driver explained that he had other reports about the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11273615 \'93}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 Freedom Fighters}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11273615 \'94}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 . Nine threatening letters, each accompanied by a round of live ammunition,}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3482732 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 had been posted to various persons under the name of the "Fiji Freedom Fighters". Driver decided he must interview Naidu. He enquired for him in the morning. Naidu came to the Police Station with Dr Cameron at 0950 hours on the 9th July.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3482732\charrsid14292803 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 At 1100 hours Driver informed Naidu that he was arresting him on suspicion in regard to the telephone threat made to Air Terminal Services. He directed that Naidu be kept confined in a cell while the Inspector continued with his enquiries. Some of the fem ales were still in custody and the last one was released at 1330 hours. Driver said that he had not made a search which he intended to carry, out on the day that the Court was sitting.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3482732\charrsid14292803 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 Cross}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14292803 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 examined by Dr Cameron, Driver said that he was satisfied that the telephone call had been correctly traced to Sedgwick's, but, that if there had been any mistake as to the number the whole investigation would be groundless. \par \par He agreed that Naidu had told him that he was not in the office at the time the call was made t o Air Terminal Services. Naidu's story was that at 10 am he had gone to Westpac Bank. He remained there until 10.35 when he went to the BNZ Bank, to meet the applicant. He remained there until 11 o'clock. \par \par Driver took statements from the applicant, one Abdul Haniff of the BNZ Bank and a receptionist at Sedgwick's. He said "I could not get confirmation of his absence. His sister}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14292803 -}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 in}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3482732 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 law substantiated the allegation. Nothing on record, the time not acceptable according to Haniff." \par \par Inspector Driver was not familiar with Section 17(5) of the Regulations under which he purported to act. He had no}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3482732 t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11273615 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3482732 read Section l6 of the Consti}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 tutio}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3482732 n}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 o}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3482732 f }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 Fiji. He agreed that it had been practicable to give Naidu wri}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13524682 tten reasons for his detention}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 but this had not been done.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13524682\charrsid14292803 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 Driver agreed that on Friday the 10th July he }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11273615 h}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 ad indicated that N}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13524682 a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 id}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13524682 u}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 wo}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13524682 u}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 ld be }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13524682 relea}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 sed from }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13524682 custody that afternoon. He said }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 that his time had been wasted by lawyers acting for Naidu and that this had "prevented" him from releasing him. He was not prepared to ac cept the truth of the applicant's statement, although he knew her for some years. He said she could be mistaken. \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13524682 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 Naidu was not charged with any offence before the Court hearing. Driver had in mind the possibility of charging him with an offence created by Section 30 of the Telecommunications Act Cap: 173. This would cover }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13524682\charrsid14292803 mena}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13524682 ci}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13524682\charrsid14292803 ng}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 or false messages. A conviction under the section attracts a maximum penalty of three months imprisonment and a }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11273615 f}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 ine of $100.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13524682\charrsid14292803 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 Driver}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13524682 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 wanted Naidu held so that he could search hi s house in the hope he might find a document or anything which might show that Naidu had made the telephone call to Air Terminal Services.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13524682\charrsid14292803 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 That was the evidence led in }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13524682 opposition to the application. I}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 ordered the immediate release of Naidu and I made an order for costs against Superintendent Ishak. As the Officer}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14292803 -}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 in}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14292803 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 Charge of the Police Sta}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13524682 tion he must accept full respon}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 sibility if people are illegally detained there under his nominal control . I said at the time that I would give my reasons for making the orders in due course.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13524682\charrsid14292803 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 It was made clear}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13524682 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 to }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13524682 me that Inspector Driver is unde}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 r}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13524682 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 the impression that under t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13524682 he Public Emergency Regulations}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3949291 ,}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 the police and military forces have the right to arrest and detain any person with impunity and that the right to personal liberty}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13524682 g}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 uaranteed by Section 5 of the Constitution no longer exists. He is mistaken. Fiji is not a police state where all are suspect unless proved otherwise.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3949291\charrsid14292803 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 I set out below Section 5 of the Constitution.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3949291\charrsid14292803 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3949291 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 "5.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14292803 -}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 (1) No person shall be deprived of his personal liberty save as}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3949291 may be authorised by law in any of the following cases }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 that is to say: \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14292803 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3949291 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid3949291 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid7935345 (a)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 in consequence of his unfitness to plead to a criminal charge or in execution of the sentence or order of a court}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7935345 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 whether in Fiji o}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7935345 r else where, in}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 respect of a criminal offence of which he has been convicted: \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14292803 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7935345 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid7935345 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7935345\charrsid7935345 (b}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid7935345 )}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 in execution of the order of a court punishing him for contempt of that court }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7935345 or of another court or tribunal:}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14292803 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7935345 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid7935345 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid7935345 (c)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 in execution of the order of}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7935345 a court made to secure the ful}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 filment of an}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7935345 y} {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 o}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7935345 bligation imposed on him by law:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14292803 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7935345 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid7935345 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid7935345 (d)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 for the purpose of bringing him before a court in execution of the order of a court: \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14292803 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7935345 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid7935345 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid7935345 (e)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 upon reasonable su}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7935345 spicion of his having committed}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 or being about to}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14292803 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 F commit, a criminal offence: \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14292803 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7935345 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid7935345 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid7935345 (}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7935345\charrsid7935345 f)}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 under the order of a court or with the consent of his parent or guardian for his education or welfare during an}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7935345 y pe}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 riod ending not later}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7935345 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 than the date when h}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7935345 e attains the age of eighteen ye}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 ars:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7935345 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7935345\charrsid14292803 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid7935345 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7935345\charrsid7935345 (g}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid7935345 )}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 for the purpose of preventing the s}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7935345 pread of an infectious or conta}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 gious disease:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7935345 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7935345\charrsid14292803 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid7935345 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid7935345 (h)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 in the case of a person who is}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7935345 or is reasonably suspected to be of unsound mind addicted to drugs or alcohol or a vagrant for the pur}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 pose of his care or tr}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7935345 eatment or the protection of the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 community:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7935345 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7935345\charrsid14292803 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid7935345 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid7935345 (i)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 for the purpose of}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7935345 preventing}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 , the unlawful}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11273615 entry of that person into Fiji,}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 or for the purpose of effecting the expulsion extradition or other lawful removal of that person from Fiji: or}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7935345 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7935345\charrsid14292803 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid7935345 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid7935345 (j)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 to such extent as may be necessary in the execution of a lawful order}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14292803 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 requiring that person to remain within a specified area within Fiji or prohibiting him from being wi}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7935345 thin such an area}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 or to such extent as}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7935345 may be }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 reasonab}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7935345 ly}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7935345 j}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 us}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7935345 t }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 i}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7935345 fiable}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 for the taking of proceedings against that person with a view to the making of any such order or}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7935345 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 relating}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7935345 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 to}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7935345 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 such an order after it has been made or to such extent as may }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3832188 b}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 e reasonably justifiable for restraining that person during any visit that he is permitted to make to an}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7935345 y}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 part of Fiji in}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7935345 which, in }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 consequence of any such order his presence would otherwise he unlawful.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7935345 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7935345\charrsid14292803 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7935345 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7935345 (2}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 ) An}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7935345 y}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 person who is arrested or detaine}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7935345 d shall }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3832188 b}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7935345 e informed as soon as}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14292803 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 reasonably }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7935345 practicable, in a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 language that he understands, of the reasons for his arrest or detention.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7935345 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7935345\charrsid14292803 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7935345 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 (3) Any per}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7935345 son who is arrested or detained-}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14292803 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid7935345 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid7935345 (a)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 for the purpose of bringing him before a court in execution of the order of a court: or}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7935345 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7935345\charrsid14292803 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid7935345 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid7935345 (}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3832188 b}{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid7935345 )}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 upon reasonable su}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7935345 spicion of his having committed}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3832188 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7935345 or being about to commit}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3832188 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7935345 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 a criminal offence.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7935345 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7935345\charrsid14292803 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7935345 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 and who is not released shall be afforded reasonable facilities to consult a legal representative of his own choice and shall be brought without undue delay before a court. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14292803 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7935345 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7935345 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 (4) Where an}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7935345 y}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 person is brought before a court in execution of the order of a court in any proceedings or upon suspicion of his having committed or being about to commit an offence, he shall not be thereafter further held in custody in connection with those proceeding s or that offence save upon the order of a court. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14292803 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7935345 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 (5) If any person arrested or detained a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7935345 s mentioned in subsection (3) }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7935345\charrsid7935345 (b}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid7935345 )}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 of this section is not}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7935345 tried within a reasonable time}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3832188 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7935345 then}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3832188 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 without prejudice to any further proceedings that may be brought against him}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3832188 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 he}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7935345 shall }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3832188 b}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7935345 e released either uncon}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 ditionall}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7935345 y or upon reasonable conditions}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 including in particular such conditions as are reasonably necessary to ensure that he appears at a later date for trial or for proceedings preliminary to trial.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7935345 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7935345\charrsid14292803 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7935345 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 (}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7935345 6}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 ) An}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7935345 y}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 perso n who is unlawfully arrested or detained by any other person shall be entitled to compensation }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7935345 therefor from that other person}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3832188 ,}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7935345 or from any other per}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 son or authorit}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7935345 y}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 on whose behalf that other person was}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7935345 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 acting. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14292803 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15934500 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 (7) Nothing contained in or done under}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7935345 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 the authority of}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7935345 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 any law shall }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12848512 b}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 e held to }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12848512 b}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 e inconsistent with or in contravention of this section to the extent that the la}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500 w}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 in question au}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7935345 thorises the taking during }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 a period of}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7935345 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 public }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7935345\charrsid14292803 emergency}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7935345 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 of}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7935345 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 measures}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 that are reasonable justifiable for the purpose of deal}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12848512 ing}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500 with the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 situation that exists in Fiji during that period." \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14292803 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 Subsection (7) above allows some inroads into the right to personal liberty}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12848512 ,}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 bu}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500 t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12848512 ,}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 only to the extent that there exists a law which authorises the taking during a period of public emergency }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid15934500 measures that }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500 are reasonably justifiable for the purpose of dealing with the situation that exists in Fiji during that period. \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid3344894 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 By virtue of the proclamation of the Governor}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14292803 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 General}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14292803 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12848512 dated the 14th May 198}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 7 (F.R.G. Vol. 114 No. 35) there does exist at present a "period of public emergency" as defined by Section 18 (6) of the Constitution. For}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 the purposes of this case I shall}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 pres}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500 ume}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 that the E}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500 mer}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 gency Regulations made by the Governor}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14292803 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 General on the 18th May (F.R.G. Vol}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8858160 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 114 No. 37) are valid and subsisting and constitute a law within the meaning of Section 5(7) of the Constitution (supra). \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 The power to detain suspected persons under the Public Emergency regulations (LN 1186/87) is contained in Regulation 17 which I set out in full below.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15934500 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13983719 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 17.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500 (1) If any person}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 upon being questioned by a police officer or a membe}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500 r of Her Majesty's Armed Forces}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 fails to satisfy the police officer or member of Her Majesty's }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500 Armed Forces as to his identity}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 address or place of employment}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1339362 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 or as to the purpose for which he is in the place in}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1339362 which he is found,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 such police officer or member}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 of Her Majesty\rquote s}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500 Armed Forces may}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 if he reasonably suspects that that person has acte d or is about to act in a manner prejudicial to public safety or the preservation of the peace or is about to commit an offence against these Regulations arrest him and detain him pending enquiries.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15934500 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15934500 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1339362 (2) No person shall b}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 e detained under the }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500 powers conferred by this regula}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 tion for a period exceeding twenty}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14292803 -}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 four hours except with the authority of a magistrate or a police officer of or above the r}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500 ank of Inspector on whose direc}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 tion such a person may be detained for a further period of fo}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500 rty}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14292803 -}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 eight hours:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15934500 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15934500 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 Provided that if such magistrate or police off}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500 icer is satisfied that the neces}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 sary enquiries cannot he completed within such further period of forty}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14292803 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500 eight hours}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 such magistrate or}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 police}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500 officer as }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 the case may }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4011452 b}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 e may direct such person to }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4011452 b}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 e detained for a further period not exceeding seven days.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14292803 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15934500 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 (3) Any person detained under the powers conferred by this regulation shall be de}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1339362 emed to }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4011452 b}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1339362 e i}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 n lawful custody and may be detained in any }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500 prison or any police sta}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 tion or in any other place authorised general}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500 ly or specially by the Governor-}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 General. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14292803 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15934500 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 (4)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14292803 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 Without prejudice to the provisions of paragraph (1) of this regulation, if any police officer of or above the rank of inspector reasonably suspects that any person has acted or is about to act, or is likely to act in any manner prejudicial to public safety or the preservation of the peace,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14292803 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 or is about to commit an offence against these Regulations, he may arrest that person and detain him pending enquiries, and the provisions of paragraphs (2) and (3) of this regulation shall apply}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 in the case of every person so arrested and detained as if he had been arrested and detained under the provisions of paragraph (1) of this regulation.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15934500 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15934500 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 (5) The provisions of section 16 of t he Constitution shall apply to any detention under the provisions of this regulation."}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15934500 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14292803 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 I approach Regulation 17 and the use which can}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 properly be made of it in the li}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500 ght of the views expressed by Lord Atkinson in }{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid15934500 Rex v}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3344894 .}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid15934500 Halliday}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 (1917) A.C. 26}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4011452 0}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 at 271 to 273. \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11669573 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 "... However precious the personal liberty of the subject may be, there is something for which it may well be, to some extent, sacrificed by legal enactment, namely national success in the war, or escape from national plunder or enslavement. It is not contended in this case that the personal liberty of the subject can be invaded arbitrarily at the mere whim of the Executive. What is contended is that the Executive has been e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3344894 m}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 powered during the war, for paramount objects of State, to invade by legislati ve enactment that liberty in certain states of fact. It was also urged that this Defence of the Realm Consolidation Act of 1914, and the regulations made under it, deprived the subject of his rights under the several Habeas Corpus Act. That is an entire m isconception. The subject}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 retains every right which those statutes confer upon him to have tested and determined in a Court of law, by means of a writ of Habeas Corpus, addressed to the person in whose custody he may be, the legality of the order of warrant by virtue of which he is given into or kept in that custody. If the Legislature chooses to enact that he can be deprived of his liberty and incarcerated or interned for certain things for which he could not have been heretofore incarcerated or interned, t hat enactment and the orders made under it, if intra vines, do not conferred by Magna Charta, for the simple reason that the Act and these Orders become part of the law of the land. If it were otherwise, then every statute and every intra vires rule or by l aw having the force of law creating a new offence for which imprisonment could be inflicted would amount, pro tan to, to a repeal of the Habeas Corpus Acts or of Magna Charta quite as much as does this statute of November 27, 1914, and the regulations val idly made under it. Swinfen Eady L.J. most correctly points out that the provisions of the Defence of the Realm Consolidation Act of 1914 are of two kinds}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14292803 -}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 punitive and preventive. Paragraph }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid15934500 (a)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 of sub}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3344894 s. 1}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 of s. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3344894 1 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 contemplates and authorises the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500 issue of regulations designed t}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 o prevent persons communicating with the enemy, or obtaining information for any purpose calculated to jeopardize the success of the forces of his Majesty or his Allies, or to assist the enemy. Paragraph }{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid15934500 (c)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 likewise contemplates that the regulations should prevent the spreading of false reports. Two conditions are, however, imposed: First, the regulations can only be issued during the war, and second, whatever they purport to do must be done for the purpose of securing the public safe ty and the def}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500 ence of realm. It by no means fol}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 lows, however, that if on the face of a regulation it enjoined or required something to be done which could not in any reasonable way aid in securing the public safety and the defence of the realm it would not be ultra vires and void. It is not necessary to decide this precise point on the present occasion, but I desire to hold myself free to deal with it when it arises."}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11669573 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11669573\charrsid14292803 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14292803 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid11669573 In this case it was for the respondent to prove that the arrest and detention of Naidu was lawful under the authority vested in a police officer. \par \par There had to be present at the time of the arrest and detention of Naidu a reasonable suspicion that he had acted or was about to act or was likely to act in any manner prejudicial to public safety o r the preservation of peace or that he was about to commit an offence against the Public Emergency Regulations. His arrest and detention had to be reasonably justifiable for the purpose of dealing with the present situation. \par \par It is for this Court to decide whether Inspector Driver has reasonable cause to detain Naidu under Public Emergenc}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8858160\charrsid11669573 y Regulation 17 [}{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11669573 Lister}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8858160\charrsid11669573 v. Perr}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid11669573 i}{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8858160\charrsid11669573 m}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid11669573 an}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11669573 (1870) 4 L.R.H.L. 521]. I}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid11669573 was satisfied on hearing the evidence adduced that the Inspector did not reasonably suspect that Naidu had act ed or was about to act in any of the circumstances defined by Regulation 17. \par \par These proceedings are not directly concerned with the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8858160\charrsid11669573 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid11669573 events which took place on the 8th July at the office of Sedgwick. However, Naidu was one of the seventeen people arrested on that occasion and the action taken against these people calls for some comment. The identity, of the presumed female who made the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8858160\charrsid11669573 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid11669573 call about the bomb to Air Terminal Services is presently unknown. It may or may not have been one of the seventeen people arrested and taken away to the Central Police Station. \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 \par The offences created by Section 30 of the telecommunications Act ar}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11669573 e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 not of a nature that a suspect may he a}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8858160 rrested without a warrant. There }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 is nothing in the Public Emergency Regulations which alters that }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8858160 position. Even if it were otherw}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 ise}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8858160 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 and a right to arrest a su}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11669573 spect without a warrant existed,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8858160 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 no police officer or}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8858160 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 soldier could have had any reasonable suspicion against any one of the persons arrested. The action taken against them was an arbitrary abuse}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8858160 of power}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 unlawful unconstitutional. It was a shameful episode and whoever ordered the operation requires to }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11669573 b}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 e disciplined.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8858160\charrsid14292803 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 Inspector Driver must accept full responsibility for}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8858160 the subsequent illegal deten}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 tion of the persons concerned. He is accountable fo}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8858160 r }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 the insult to the dignity of}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8858160 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 those detained and the needless distress and anxiety}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8858160 which it}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7742544 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8858160 may be assumed}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 he caused to the families of his victims. It is for those presently in authority to ensure that this great wrong is properly righted and that incidents of this nature are not repeated. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8858160\charrsid14292803 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 To return to the detention of Naidu, there was no evidence of any kind against him on the charge suggested by Inspector Driver. There was no evidence that he was at h is office at the time the telephone call was}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7742544 said to have been made from it,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 Naidu was not required to satisfy Inspector Driver or anyone else that he was not there. The information that he talked in the office about "Freedom Fighters" has nothing to do wi th it. The context of his alleged remarks it not given. Anyone in this country is free to talk and comment upon current events without running the risk of being locked up until he can prove his innocence of wrongdoing. It is obvious that Inspector Driver harbours dangerous delusions about his powe}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8858160 rs as a police officer. The pur}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 pose of the Public Emergency Regulations is to maintain law and order and not to subvert the constitutional rights of the people of this country. \par \par Inspector Driver was unaware of the existence of Regulation 17(5) which clearly demonstrates that the constitutional rights guaranteed by the Constitutional have not been taken away. \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8858160 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 Section 5(2) of the Constitution requires that a person who is arrested or detained shall }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7742544 b}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 e informed as soon as reasonably}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8858160 practical, in }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 a language that he understands of the reasons for his arrest or detention. This re}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14292803 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 states the common law. It is a condition of a lawful arrest that the party arrested should know on what charge or suspicion of what crime he is arrested. Even if circumstances exist which}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14292803 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 may excuse}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8858160 , it }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 is still the duty of the person effecting the arrest to give the information at the first reasonable opportunity after the arrest. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8858160 [}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8858160 Christie v Leachinsky}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8858160 (1947) A.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 C. 573]. It would not }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7742544 b}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 e sufficient just to mention Regulation 17 to a suspect arrested und}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8858160 er it. A reference to a statute}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 or a regulation with nothing more would not meet the requirement that the person arrested }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7742544 b}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 e informed in "a language that}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8858160 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 he understands"}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8858160 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 of the reason for his arrest. The arrest of Naidu was therefore not lawful. The Inspector had no warrant. He did not reasonably suspect him.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8858160\charrsid14292803 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 Section 16 of the Constitution is designed for the protection of persons de}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8858160 tained under emergency }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 laws. It goes further than Section 5(2) in that it re}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8858160 quires that the person detained-}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8858160\charrsid14292803 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8858160 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 "...shall as soon as reasonably practicable and in any case not more than seven days after the commencement of his detention, }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7742544 b}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 e furnished with a statement }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid8858160 in }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8858160\charrsid8858160 writing}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 , in a }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8858160\charrsid14292803 language}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 he understands specify in detail the gr}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8858160 ounds upon which he is detained.\'94}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 I have added the emphasis. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14292803 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8858160 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 Naidu was in police custody from the morning of Thursday the 8th July. Inspector Driver admitted that that the above constitu}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8858160 tional requirement was not comp}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 lied with}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8858160 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8858160\charrsid14292803 although}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 it was reasonably practicable to do so. \par \par Nothi}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8858160 ng more remains to be said. But, the public in Fiji are entitled to the assurance, which I}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 now give}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8858160 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 that the Public Emergency Regulations do not extinguish their constitutional ri ghts. Subject to all lawful exceptions the right to}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8858160 personal freedom remains,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 including the right to }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8858160 seek compensation from any per}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500\charrsid14292803 son or authority responsible for an unlawful arrest or detention.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15934500 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15143266 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12256991 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15143266 Rooney, J.}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7742544\charrsid15143266 \par }}