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[1987] 33 FLR 52}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10163348 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7751465 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2902183 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10163348 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid10163348 SUPREME COURT}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10163348  OF FIJI}{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10163348\charrsid10163348 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10163348 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10163348 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10163348 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid10163348 CHANDAR PAL
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\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10163348 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid98221  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid10163348 Tuivaga, C.J.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid98221  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10163348 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid98221  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid10163348 27 March 1987)
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\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10163348\charrsid10163348 -}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid98221  }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10163348\charrsid10163348 amendment from careless to dangerous driving \endash 
 power including inherent jurisdiction to do so}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid98221  }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4873345 - no rule}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10163348\charrsid10163348  that }
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\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10163348\charrsid10163348 )
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\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10163348\charrsid10163348 S. P. Sharma}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10163348\charrsid10163348  for the Appellant
\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10163348\charrsid10163348 I. U. Mataitoga}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10163348\charrsid10163348  for the Respondent
\par 
\par Chandar Pal appealed against his conviction and senten}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10163348 ce at Nausori Magistrate\rquote s Court of 3 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10163348\charrsid10163348 
months imprisonment on a charge of dangerous }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10163348 driving (s. 38 Traffic Act}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4873345  (Cap. 176- 1985}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10163348\charrsid10163348  Edn).
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10163348 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10163348\charrsid10163348 Grounds of appeal included that the charge was amended by adding a Count of }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7870316 dangerous }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10163348\charrsid10163348 driving to one originally proferred of careless driving; the appellant }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15562758 being convicted of the }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10163348\charrsid10163348 former. The second ground was that Magistrate erred in convicting the appellant in }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7870316 the absence }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10163348\charrsid10163348 of corroborative evidence, in view of the history of enmity between the comp}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4918016 laint and}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10163348\charrsid10163348  appellant.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10163348 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16006801 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16006801 On the Januar}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16006801\charrsid10163348 
y 1984 at about 10.00 a.m. the complainant a }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16006801 Sol}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16006801\charrsid10163348 icitor }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16006801 was travelling}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16006801\charrsid10163348  along Rewa Bridge Road from Nausori towards Suva. At the sam}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16006801 e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9137146  the}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16006801\charrsid10163348  appellant driving his truck entered the bridge at the opposite end. When }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9137146 he noticed }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16006801\charrsid10163348 and recognized the complainant's car and there was about thirty yards be}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9137146 tween the}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16006801\charrsid10163348  two vehicles, he swung his vehicle into the complainant's path and then b}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9137146 ack again}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16006801\charrsid10163348  to his correct lane. The experience was most frightening to the compla}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16006801 inant. He}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16006801\charrsid10163348  reported the incident to a highway patrol officer.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16006801 
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\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12927475 erately }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12927475\charrsid10163348 done to frighten the complainant against whom he bore a personal grudge}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9137146  arising of}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12927475\charrsid10163348  a Court case.
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\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16006801 The manoeuvre of the appellant was undoubtedly }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16006801\charrsid10163348 dan}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16006801 ge}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16006801\charrsid10163348 rous. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16006801 There was }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16006801\charrsid10163348 ample power including inherent juris}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12927475 diction to cause such an amendment to be }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16006801\charrsid10163348 made to the charge in the course of the hearing in the interests of justic}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12927475 e.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16006801\charrsid10163348 
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\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid10163348 The matter depended on credibility}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14295292  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid10163348 
which the learned Magistrate att}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10835536 ached}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14295292  to the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid10163348 
 witnesses testimony as was his primary function. He accepted the comp and rejected the appellant's version of}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14295292  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid10163348 the}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14295292  occurrence. There was no requirement on}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid10163348  the Magistrate not to act without corroborative evidence.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14295292 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid10163348 An appeal Court will not usually interfere with the findings of }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14295292 a fact of a local }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid10163348 court in the absence of misdirection.
\par 
\par In }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid14295292 Watt v. Thomas}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid10163348  (1947) 1 All E.R. 582 at p. 587 Lord Thankerton said:
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{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid10163348 Where a question of fact has been tried by a judge without a j}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14295292 ury and there is}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid10163348  no question of misdirection of himself by }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid14295292 the }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {
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 do so unless it is satisfied that any advantage enjoyed by the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7240829  trial judge by}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid10163348  reason of}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14295292  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid10163348 having seen and heard the witnesses could not be sufficient to explain or justify the trial judge}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7240829 \rquote }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid10163348 s conclusion.
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\cs15\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid14295292 witness}{\cs15\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14295292\charrsid14295292 es}{\cs15\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7240829 ,}{
\cs15\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14295292\charrsid14295292  }{\cs15\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid14295292 it}}}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid14295292  is not}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid10163348  in a position to come to any satisfactory con}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7240829 clusion on the}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid10163348  printed evidence.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10163348 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14295292 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14295292 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14295292 III}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid10163348 . The appellate 
court either because the reasons given by }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3752877 trial judge are not satisfactory, or because it unmistakably }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid10163348 so appears from the}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14295292  evidence, may be}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid10163348  satisfied that he has not taken proper}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14295292  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid10163348 adv}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14295292 antage of his having}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15736122  seen and heard}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid10163348  the witnesses}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15736122 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid10163348 
 and the matter will then become at large for}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15736122  the appellate}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid10163348  court.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid98221 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid10163348 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10163348 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid10163348 
\par It is obvious that the value and importance of having seen and }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14295292 heard }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7078602 the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14295292 wit}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid10163348 nesses will vary according to the class of case, }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid14295292  HYPERLINK http://and.it }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8354853\charrsid14295292 {\*\datafield 00d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b0200000003000000e0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b1e00000068007400740070003a002f002f0061006e0064002e00690074002f0000000800ff000008}}
}{\fldrslt {\cs15\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14295292 and}{\cs15\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7078602 ,}{\cs15\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid14295292  it}}}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid10163348  may be, the i}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14295292 ndividual case}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid10163348  in question."
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14295292 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid10163348 There were no proper grounds for interfering with the con}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7078602 viction of the}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid10163348  appellant in the instant case.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14295292 
\par The sentence imposed was severe}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7360880 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid10163348  more so than the unusu}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14295292 al}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid10163348  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7360880 pattern in }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid10163348 
dangerous driving offences. It is exceptional in such cases to award }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7360880 a prison sen}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid10163348 
tence, and that there should be uniformity in sentencing.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7360880 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid10163348 Appeal against conviction dismis}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7360880 sed. Appeal against sentence upheld. The sentence}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid10163348  of 3 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7360880 months imprisonment set aside. In lieu therefore appellant fined $50 or }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid10163348 three months imprisonment. Order as to disqualification confirme}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7360880 d.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid10163348 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7360880 
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid14686580 Case referred to:
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7360880\charrsid98221 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7360880 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid7360880 Watt v. Thomas }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid7360880 (}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid10163348 1947) 1 All E.R. 582.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10163348 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7360880 
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid98221 TUIVAGA. C.}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7078602  }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid98221 J.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8676898 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8676898 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid491083 J}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid98221 UDGMENT}{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid491083 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10163348 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8676898 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid10163348 This is an appeal against conviction and }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4615639 sentence by appellant who was convicted in the }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid10163348 Nausori Magistrate's Court on a charge of dangerous driving contrary to section }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7078602 38 of the Traffic }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid10163348 Act, Cap. 176 (1985 Edn), and was sentenced to three months' imprisonment }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7078602 is disqualified }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid10163348 from driving for a period of eighteen months.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4615639 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid10163348 On the appeal against conviction there are two main grounds.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4615639  The first ground}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid10163348  complains of the fact that the charge was amended by adding a co}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15025827 unt of dangerous}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid10163348  driving to one of careless driving and in respect of which}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15025827  the appellant was}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid10163348  convicted.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4615639 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid10163348 The second ground contends that the learned Magistrate err}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12603687 ed}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid10163348  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4615639 in convicting }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid10163348 appellant in the absence of corrobor}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4615639 ative evidence in view of the history of enmity }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid10163348 between the complainant and appellant.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4615639\charrsid10163348 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid10163348 The facts which were accepted by the learned Magistrate and }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12603687 upon which the }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid10163348 conviction of appellant was based were of a very narrow compass}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12603687 .}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid10163348 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4615639 
\par On 6th January 1984 the complainant, }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid10163348 Abdul Rasheed (P.W.1) travelling}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10163348 -}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid10163348  along the Rewa Bridge from Nausori towards Suva. The ti}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4615639 me was about 10 }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid10163348 o'clock in the morning.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4615639 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid10163348 At about the same time the appellant driving a truck entered the opposite end. When appellant noticed and recognised complai}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4615639 nant
\rquote s car}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid10163348  about thirty yards away he swung his car on complainant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4615639 \rquote }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid10163348 s path and}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4615639  then back to his }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid10163348 
correct lane. The experience was most frightening for complainant who reported the matter to a highway patrol officer.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4615639 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid10163348 It was also accepted by the learned Magistrate on the material the action of appellant was deliber}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4615639 
ate and was done to frighten the complainant }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid10163348 against whom appellant may have been nursing a personal grudg}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4615639 e}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12603687  because of ill-}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid10163348 feeling arising out of a court case.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4615639 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid10163348 Whatever the nature of their relationship, the fact is that the driv}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12198188 ing}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4615639 
 manoeuvre}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid10163348  displayed by appellant on that day was undoubtedly dangerous.
\par 
\par With regard to the first ground of appeal that it was incompetent }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12198188 for the Court to }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid10163348 
amend the charge by adding a count of dangerous driving there are}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12198188  ample powers in}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid10163348 
 the Court under the Criminal Procedure Code as well as under the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12198188  inherent juris}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid10163348 diction of}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12801288  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid10163348 the Court to cause such an amendment to be made in cour}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12801288 t}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12198188  in course of trial in the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9770409  interests of justice. This g}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid10163348 
round of appeal therefore fails.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12801288 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid10163348 With regard}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12801288  to the second ground of appeal}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9770409 ,}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid10163348  the issue before}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12801288  the trial court was essentially one of f}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid10163348 
act. This is not a case as co}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12801288 n}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9770409 tended by counsel fo}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid10163348 
r appellant in which the learned Magistrate had to look for corroboration before he could convict. This case depends on credibility of wi}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12801288 tnesses based on the evidence a}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid10163348 nd which it is the primary function of the trial}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12801288  court to determine. It is well-se}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid10163348 ttled that an appellate court will not as a rule interfere}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12801288 d with the findings }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid10163348 of fact of }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9770409 a }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid10163348 trial court in the absence of an}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12801288 y}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid10163348  clear misdirection. In this case the learned Magistrate accepted the version of facts given by complainant and rejected appellan
}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12801288 t\rquote s}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid10163348  version as untrue.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12801288 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid10163348 The function of an appellate court in an appeal such as this }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9770409 has been }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid10163348 explained in several cases of high authority. I need only refer}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4677898  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid10163348 to one}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9770409  of}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid10163348  t}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4677898 he}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9770409 m. This is}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4677898  House of Lords case of }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4677898\charrsid4677898 watt v}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid4677898 . Thomas}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4677898  (1947) 1}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid10163348  All E.R. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4677898 582 where at }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9770409 page 587 Lord }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4677898 Thankerton said -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid10163348 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4677898 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4677898 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid10163348 "I. Where a question of fact has been tried by a judge without a ju}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4677898 ry and there is}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid10163348  no question of misdirection of himself by the }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid4677898  HYPERLINK http://judge.an }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8354853\charrsid4677898 {\*\datafield 
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\cs15\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9770409 ,}{\cs15\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid4677898  an}}}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid10163348  appellate}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9770409  court which is}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid10163348  disposed to come to a different c}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4677898 
onclusion on the printed evidence should }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9770409 not }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid10163348 do so unless it is satisfied that any advantage enjoyed by the}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9770409  trial judge by}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid10163348  reason of ha}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9770409 v}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid10163348 ing seen and heard the witnesses could not be suffici}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4677898 ent to explain}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid10163348  or justify the trial judge's conclusion.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10163348 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4677898 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4677898 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4677898 II}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid10163348 . The appellat}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4677898 e court may take the view that }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid10163348 without having seen or heard the }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid4677898  HYPERLINK http://witnesses.it }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8354853\charrsid4677898 {\*\datafield 
00d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b0200000003000000e0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b2a00000068007400740070003a002f002f007700690074006e00650073007300650073002e00690074002f0000000000ff0000d8}}}{\fldrslt {
\cs15\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4677898 witnesses}{\cs15\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9770409 , }{\cs15\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid4677898 it}}}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid10163348  is not in a position to come to any satisfactory conclusion on the printed evidence.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10163348 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4677898 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4677898 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8062885 III}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4677898 . The appellate court}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9770409 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4677898  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid10163348 either because the reasons given by the}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4677898  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9770409 trial judge are not satisfactory,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid10163348 
 or because it unmistakably so appears from the evidence}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9770409 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid10163348  may be satisfied that he has n
ot taken proper advantage of his having seen and heard the witnesses}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9770409 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid10163348 
 and the matter will then become at large for the appellate court.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10163348 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4677898 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8062885 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid10163348 It is obvious that the value and importance o}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8062885 
f having seen and heard the wit}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid10163348 nesses will vary according to the class of case, it may be, the individual case in question."
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10163348 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8062885 
\par I }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid10163348 am satisfied that there are no proper grounds for interfering with the conviction entered against appellant.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8062885 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid10163348 As regards the appeal against sentence I accept that the imposition of a gaol sentence on a first offender in this case was more severe }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8062885 than the general pattern of sen}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid10163348 tencing in this country for dangerous driving. It is an exception rather than the rule th
at a prison sentence is imposed in this type of motoring offence. It is important that the approach to sentencing should be uniform as between the courts.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12333239 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid10163348 It seems to me that a fine and disqualification }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12333239 would sufficiently meet the cir}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid10163348 cumstances of this case.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12333239 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid10163348 
Accordingly the sentence of three month's imprisonment imposed on appellant is set aside and in lieu thereof a fine of $50 or three months' imprisonment is substituted. No variation is made to the order of disqualification from driving.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12333239 
\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370\charrsid12333239 Appeal against conviction dismissed, sentence varied.}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10770370 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5205619 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5205619 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5205619 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16458608 Tuivaga, C.J.}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5205619 
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16458608 Chief Justice
\par }}