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[1987] 33 F}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4157566\charrsid71906 LR}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14365829\charrsid71906  15}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4157566\charrsid71906 
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 Cullinan J }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid71906\charrsid71906 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8153179\charrsid71906  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14365829\charrsid71906 20 }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8153179\charrsid71906 February 1987]
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8153179\charrsid71906 CIVIL JURISDICTION
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\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 Executors and Administrators }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8153179\charrsid71906 - }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 Probate granted to son in 1971 estate left in will amongst fi}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8153179\charrsid71906 ve -}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  assignments to defendant of share by three other beneficiaries}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8153179\charrsid71906  - }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 plaintiff retained one}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8153179\charrsid71906 \endash }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14365829\charrsid71906 fifth }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 share}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8153179\charrsid71906  - }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 principal asset farming land}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8262419\charrsid71906  - }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
plaintiff, aware of rights, took no steps to enforce the}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8262419\charrsid71906 m - }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
April 1982 plaintiff issued writ claiming account, new trustee distribution of the estate }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8262419\charrsid71906 and }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
damages for breach of trust }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8262419\charrsid71906 - }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 By lapse of time defendant placed in a situation in which it}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8262419\charrsid71906  was}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  not reasonable for him to be placed}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8262419\charrsid71906  - }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 had kept no separate accounts}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8262419\charrsid71906  - }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
order for accounts,}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14365829\charrsid71906  new}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  trustee, damages refused}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8262419\charrsid71906  - }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 distribution ordered having regard to value of the estate on dat}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8262419\charrsid71906 e}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8262419\charrsid71906 of }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 death plus interest}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8262419\charrsid71906  - }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 total sum calculated}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8262419\charrsid71906  - }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 observations on effect of delay in asking for }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8262419\charrsid71906 and }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 acquiescence in failure to provide accounts.
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\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 S. D. Sahu Khan}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
 for the Plaintiff}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8262419\charrsid71906 
\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 K. C Chaganl}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8262419\charrsid71906 al}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8262419\charrsid71906  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 for the Defendant
\par 
\par Ambika Nand (plaintiff) brought his action against Brij Mohan (defenda}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8262419\charrsid71906 nt }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14365829\charrsid71906 ) }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8262419\charrsid71906 seeking}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  an order for account from the defendant his brother in relation to admin}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8262419\charrsid71906 is}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 tration of the estate of their father Kal}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8262419\charrsid71906 
i Din deceased,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  the appointment of a new tr}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8262419\charrsid71906 ustee,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
 distribution of the estate and damages for }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8262419\charrsid71906 breach of trust. The brothers were aged}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  50 and 58 years respectively.

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\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 Kali Din (Din) farmed at}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8262419\charrsid71906  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 Asi Asi as a tenant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8262419\charrsid71906  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 on}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8262419\charrsid71906  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 40 acres acquired in 1930. He h}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8262419\charrsid71906 ad}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  ten children 7 sons and 3 daughters. In 1960 that land was set aside as a nati}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8262419\charrsid71906 ve}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  reserve. Din continued to live there but acquired a lease of 19 acres of native land }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8262419\charrsid71906 at }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 Ta}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8262419\charrsid71906 gi Tagi.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  The family built two houses there in 1965 when the defendant and}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8262419\charrsid71906  his }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 brother}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8262419\charrsid71906  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 Hi}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8262419\charrsid71906 ra Lal came to stay on the land,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  each building and occupy a hou}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8262419\charrsid71906 se}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  thereon. About then the plaintiff left the house at}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8262419\charrsid71906  Asi Asi and took up residence }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 at Lautoka. Din remain}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8262419\charrsid71906 ed on the land at Asi Asi,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  visiting Tagi Tagi only occ}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8262419\charrsid71906 asionally.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 On}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8988440\charrsid71906  3 August 1970}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  Din died appointing the defendant his sole executor and trustee. His bequeathed all his property}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8988440\charrsid71906  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8811103\charrsid71906 - }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11745894 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8988440\charrsid71906 unto my sons Brij Mohan
\par Ambika Nand and Raj
\par Kishor and my wife
\par Jeetan \'85.and Vinod
\par Lal (a grandson) in
\par equal shares or share alike absolutely.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11745894 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8988440\charrsid71906 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
\par On 11 November 1972 the defendant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16264163 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 s mother Jeetan assigned her share in the es
tate by deed to the defendant for $200 to be paid 5 years later. She appa}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8988440\charrsid71906 rently}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
 waived the debt later. Similarly Raj Kishor on 5 February 1973 assigned his share o}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8988440\charrsid71906 n}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
 condition that defendant would indemnify him from any estate liabilities. So als}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8988440\charrsid71906 o}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  on 18 Apr
il 1973 Vinod Lal assigned his share on the same condition of indemni}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8988440\charrsid71906 ty}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
 for the sum $100 forthwith and $100 after two years.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8988440\charrsid71906 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 Hira Lal farmed 3 acres of the land for 5 years after the death of Din. Defendant took proceedings agains}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8988440\charrsid71906 t }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 Hira and after a consent Judgment in 1976 Hira Lal left}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8988440\charrsid71906  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8988440\charrsid71906 e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  land.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8988440\charrsid71906 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 This left only the plaintiff and defendant as entitled under the Will. Defendant had filed the statement required pursuant to section 28}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8988440\charrsid71906  of the Estate and Gift Duties O}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 rdinance (Cap. 178). It indicated that the g
ross value of the estate was $3979.41, debts were $1290.22, leaving a net value of $2689.19 Defendant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16264163 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
s testimony established that arrears of rent to the Native Land Trust Board and other expenses totalled $600. On 4 August 1978 defendant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16264163 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 s Solicitors wrote to the plaintiff}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16264163 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
s Solicitors giving certain figures which calculated plaintiff}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16264163 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 s one}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8811103\charrsid71906 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 fifth}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16264163 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 s share in the estate to be $417.82, which defendant would pay plaintiff if he renounced his share in the estate. On 7 April 1981 the plaintiff replied, refusing 
to accept that figure, and asking for accounts and requesting that the estate be wound up. There was no reply. On 17 March 1982 plaintiff}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16264163 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 s Solicitors wrote to the defendant again complai}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7161907 ning of the defendant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16264163 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7161907 s conduct:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11211522\charrsid71906 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7161907 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11745894 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11211522\charrsid71906 \'85..}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 there was a tractor and two dwelling houses you have been utilising for your own benefit}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11745894 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 There was reference also to proceeds of the cane farming and a comp}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11211522\charrsid71906 laint }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
that the defendant had threatened to evict the plaintiff. Again, accounts were sought including an account of money received from the Fiji Sugar Corporation.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11211522\charrsid71906 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 Thereafter there followed correspondence, the plaintiff seeking, the defendant failing to provide, accounts.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
The history of the affair was traced in the judgment. The defendant always remained on the property with his f
amily and cultivated the land, brought more acreage into with production, did all work and received all the proceeds from the sugar crop and certain other less important crops. He did not provide any figures or details of income or expenditure. In fact he
 kept no separate account of the estate}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16264163 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 s finance}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8876013\charrsid71906 .}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
Plaintiff meanwhile left his wife and children in two houses on the land and went to live in Lautoka. He had come back about 1971 for a period variously estimated from 5 months to two years.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11211522\charrsid71906 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 The defendant considered the plaintiff had taken no interest in the far}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11211522\charrsid71906 m.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  The learned trial judge accepted this as correct.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11211522\charrsid71906 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 The Judge examined the evidence relating to the beneficiaries assigning their shares. He found nothing which could be criticised in these transa
ctions. He considered the matter should be dealt with without the defendant having to yield possession of the land.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11211522\charrsid71906 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 He decided that the (uncontradicted) figures (referred to in the letter of}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11211522\charrsid71906  4 August 1978}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 ) should he accepted as a fair}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11211522\charrsid71906  val}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
ue of the plaintiffs one}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8811103\charrsid71906 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
fifth share, viz $417.82. He examined authorities bearing upon the delay by the plaintiff is seek}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11211522\charrsid71906 i}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
ng accounts when he was aware of his rights.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11211522\charrsid71906 H}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 eld:}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7161907  I}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 n the assignments by the mother and Vinod Lal, there was nothing in the deeds themselves or the evidence which in any way}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11211522\charrsid71906  tainted the transaction. Accor}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 dingly the defendant stood possessed of four}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8811103\charrsid71906 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 fifths of the estate.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11211522\charrsid71906 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7827835\charrsid71906 The defendant having farmed the land for 21 years taken entrepreneurial risks and owning four-fifths of the estate ought not to be dispossessed, or his work or occupancy disturbed.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
By his delay the plaintiff had put the defendant in a situation in which it would not have been reasonable to place him, if the remedy as to accounts was afterwards to he asserted.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 The value of one}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8811103\charrsid71906 -}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 fifth of
 the estate on 24 November 1971 when probate was granted was $417.82. The plaintiff should have that sum plus interest which was calculated to he approximately $800. These sums should he awarded to plaintiff in distribution of the estate as representing h
is one}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8811103\charrsid71906 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 fifth share.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4734608\charrsid71906 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 Judgment for the plaintiff for $1,278.10.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 Other claims in the writ viz. for}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4734608\charrsid71906  accounts,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  for}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4734608\charrsid71906  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 the appointment of a new}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4734608\charrsid71906  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
trustee in place of defendant and damage}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4734608\charrsid71906 s}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  for breach of trust dismissed.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4734608\charrsid71906 
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 Cases referred to:
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4734608\charrsid71906 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5722749 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5722749\charrsid5722749 (1) }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
In re Pauling}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16264163 '}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 s Settlement Trust, Young husband & Ors. v. Coutts & Co.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  (1963) 3 WLR 742; (1962) 1 WLR 86.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5722749\charrsid5722749 (2) }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 In re Page, Jones v. Morgan}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
 (1893) 12 Ch. 304}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5722749\charrsid5722749 (3) }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 In re Cross}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8811103\charrsid71906 -}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 Harston v. Tension}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  (1881) 20 Ch. D. 109.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5722749\charrsid5722749 (4) }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 Lindsay Petroleum Co. v. Hurd & Ors}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
 (1874) L.R. 5 P.C. 221.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5722749\charrsid5722749 (5) }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 Emile Erlanger & Ors v. New Sombrero Phosphate Company & Ors}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  (1878) 3 App. Cas.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11745894  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 1218.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5722749\charrsid5722749 (6) }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 Rochfoucauld v. Boustead}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  (1897) 1 Ch.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4734608\charrsid71906  196}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4734608 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5722749\charrsid5722749 (7) }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 Freeman v. Fairlie}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
 (1812) 3 Mer. 43; 36 E.R. 12.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4734608 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5722749\charrsid5722749 (8) }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 Pearse v. Green}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
 (1819) 1 J & W 135; 37 E.R. 327.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4734608 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5722749\charrsid5722749 (9) }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 Regal (Hastings) Ltd v. Gulliverand Others}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  (1942) 1 All E.R. 378, (1967) 2 A.C. 134.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4734608 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5722749\charrsid5722749 (10) }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 Keech v. Sa}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4734608\charrsid71906 ndford}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  (1726) 25 E.R. 233.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5722749\charrsid5722749 (11) }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 Re Jarvis Edge v. Jarvis}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
 (1958) 2 All E.R. 336.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5722749\charrsid5722749 (12) }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 Clegg v. Edmondson}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
 (1857) 8 DC G.M.G. 787; 44 E.R. 593}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4734608 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5722749\charrsid5722749 (13) }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 Coles v. Trecothick}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  (
1804) 9 Ves. Jun. 243; 32 E.R. 5 92
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4734608\charrsid71906 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9253360\charrsid71906 CULLINAN J.:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4734608\charrsid71906 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9253360\charrsid71906 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9253360\charrsid71906 JUDGMENT
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9253360\charrsid71906 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 The plaintiff and the defenda}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4157566\charrsid71906 nt are brothers aged 50 and 58 y}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 ears resp}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9253360\charrsid71906 ectively.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  Their late fa}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9253360\charrsid71906 ther Kali Din farmed at Asi Asi}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  where he was a tenant on which he had acquired in 1930. He had ten chi
ldren seven sons and three da}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9253360\charrsid71906 ughters. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 In 1960 the land which Kali Din farmed was set aside as a native reserve. }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7827835\charrsid71906 then acquired a lease of another piece of land over 19 acres of native land Tagi. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
Kali Din was apparently given some time to move on to the new land}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15735227\charrsid71906 , and the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
family eventually built two houses there in 1965}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15735227\charrsid71906 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  whe}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9253360\charrsid71906 n the defendant }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15735227\charrsid71906 and his }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9253360\charrsid71906 brother Hira Lal }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 came to stay on the land each building and occupying }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15735227\charrsid71906 a house }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 thereon. About that time the plainti}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9253360\charrsid71906 ff had left the home at Asi Asi}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  and had t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9253360\charrsid71906 aken up}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  re
sidence in Lautoka. Kali Din apparently remained on the land at Asi}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9253360\charrsid71906  Asi}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
 visited the land at Tagi Tagi only occasionally.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9253360\charrsid71906 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 Kali Din died testate on 3rd August 1970. appointing the defendant }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15735227\charrsid71906 his sole}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  executor and trustee under his will. Only three of the testator}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16264163 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 s children }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15735227\charrsid71906 became}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
 beneficiaries under the will. Kali Din bequea}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9253360\charrsid71906 thed all his properties }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11745894 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9253360\charrsid71906 unto my sons }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 Brij }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7827835\charrsid71906 Mohan}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9253360\charrsid71906 , }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7827835\charrsid71906 Ambika}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7827835\charrsid71906 Nand and}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  Raj Kishor}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9253360\charrsid71906  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 and m}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9253360\charrsid71906 y }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 wife}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9253360\charrsid71906  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 Jeetan ... and Vino}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9253360\charrsid71906 d Lal}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7827835\charrsid71906 (a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9253360\charrsid71906  grandson)\'85}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 in equal shares or share and share alike absolutely}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16264163 ''}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 . The def}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15735227\charrsid71906 endant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  obtained probate of the will on the 24th November 1971.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9253360\charrsid71906 
\par }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 After}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9253360\charrsid71906  }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 his father}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16264163 '}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 s death the defendant stayed on the land}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6637407\charrsid71906 
 at Tagi Tagi with his brother}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8811103\charrsid71906  }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7827835\charrsid71906 Hira}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6637407\charrsid71906 
 Lal }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 and cultivated it. The land had been mortgaged to the Fiji Development Bank since 1}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6637407\charrsid71906 966,}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  at the testator}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16264163 '}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
s death the mortgage debt amounted to $1,250.22, the land the fixtures bein}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6637407\charrsid71906 g}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
 at $1,802 and $1,452 respectively, that is, a total of $3,252. The Bank in the exerci}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6637407\charrsid71906 se}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  }{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6637407\charrsid71906 mort}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4157566\charrsid71906 g}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6637407\charrsid71906 age}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4157566\charrsid71906 e}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16264163 '}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6637407\charrsid71906 s}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  power of sale put out tenders for the s}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6637407\charrsid71906 ale of the land on the very sam}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 e day }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10223993\charrsid71906 that the }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
testator died. The defendant managed to persuade the Bank not to sell the land, and }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10223993\charrsid71906 undertook}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
 personal responsibility for the debt. On the 11th November 1972 the defendant}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16264163 '}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 s mothe}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6637407\charrsid71906 r }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6637407\charrsid71906 assigned}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
 her share in the estate of the deceased by deed to the defendant for the consider}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10223993\charrsid71906 ation of}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  $2}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6637407\charrsid71906 00, to be paid five years later}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10223993\charrsid71906 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
 Jeetan apparently subsequently waived payment of t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10223993\charrsid71906 he said}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
 amount. On the 5th February 1973 Raj Kishor similarly assigned to share to the defen}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6637407\charrsid71906 dant, on }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
the consideration that the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7827835\charrsid71906 defendant indemnifies}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  him in the matter of any liabilities arisin}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6637407\charrsid71906 g}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10223993\charrsid71906 from }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 the estate. Again, on the 18th April of that year Vinod Lal also assigned his share to the def}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6637407\charrsid71906 endant,}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  on the same consideration of indemnity and on the payment of $100 forthwith and the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10966902\charrsid71906 promise to pay another}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10966902\charrsid71906  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 $100 after two years, the recitals i}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10966902\charrsid71906 
n the two latter deeds of assignment}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  not}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10966902\charrsid71906 ed that}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
 the estate of their father }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11745894 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 was and is under debt to the Fiji Development Bank and whe}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10966902\charrsid71906 reas the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 first beneficiary (the defendant) is working on the estate land and is paying the said debt}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10966902\charrsid71906  by the}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10966902\charrsid71906  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 proceeds of cane produced by him}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11745894 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 , and that Raj Kishor and Vinod Lal resided at Na}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10966902\charrsid71906 di and Tamavua
}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 , Suva, respectively }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11745894 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
and is unable to help in farming the estate land and is desi}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10966902\charrsid71906 rous}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10966902\charrsid71906 of }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 giving up his share in the estate for the benefit of the first beneficiary.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11745894 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10966902\charrsid71906 
\par As for Hira Lal, he planted some cane on the farm at Tagi Tagi; he also had a goat farm and was also apparently a bottle collector. He occupied a total of three acres on the farm for over five years afte
r the death of the father, when the defendant took out court proceedings for his eviction, due to the fact that Hira Lal was not a beneficiary under the will. In any event the litigation was successful and after a consent judgment in 1976 Hira Lal left th
e farm.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6637929\charrsid71906 
\par }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6637929\charrsid71906 As a result of the deeds of assignment, the plaintiff and the defendant then became the only two beneficiaries under the will. The defendant as executor has filed as Administrator}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16264163 '}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6637929\charrsid71906 s Statement pursuant to section 28 of the Estate & Gift Duties Ordinance Cap. 178 (1967 E}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15556166\charrsid71906 d.)}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6637929\charrsid71906  which at the time was a statutory requirement. The Statement indica}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15556166\charrsid71906 ted that the gross value of $3,}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6637929\charrsid71906 979.}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15556166\charrsid71906 
41. total debts amounted to $1,290.22 giving a net}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6637929\charrsid71906  value of $2}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15556166\charrsid71906 ,}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6637929\charrsid71906 689.19. The defendant testified however that arrears of rent in the amount of $400 approximately were owed to the Native Land Trust Board (}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11745894 "}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6637929\charrsid71906 NLTB}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11745894 "}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6637929\charrsid71906 ) and testamentary expenses amounted another $200. On the 4}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\super\langnp2057\insrsid6637929\charrsid71906 th}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6637929\charrsid71906  August 1978 the defendant}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16264163 '}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6637929\charrsid71906 
s solicitors wrote to the plaintiff at }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11745894 "}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6637929\charrsid71906 Motor Spares Company, Lautoka}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11745894 "}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6637929\charrsid71906 . The letter reads in part as follows:
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid211262\charrsid71906 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11745894 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 Your moth}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid211262\charrsid71906 er and other b}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 rothers have already received their}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid211262\charrsid71906  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 shares from client and have renounced their shares in favour of our client. Our client }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15556166\charrsid71906 has }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 asked you to come to settle your share but you do not come. The estate }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15556166\charrsid71906 was }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 proved at a net}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15556166\charrsid71906  value of $2,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 689.13.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2565469\charrsid71906 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2565469\charrsid71906 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 After the Probate was proved at that }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  HYPERLINK http://value.it }}{\fldrslt {\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2565469\charrsid71906 value}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  it}}}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  was found that Kali}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15556166\charrsid71906  D}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 in o}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12800206\charrsid71906 wed}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  arrear}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2565469\charrsid71906 s of rent in the sum of $400.00}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12800206\charrsid71906  which Brij}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
 Mohan paid su}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2565469\charrsid71906 b}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 sequently.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12800206\charrsid71906 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 The costs of probate was $200.00 which was paid by our client. Thus the r}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15556166\charrsid71906 eal value was $2,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 089.13.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 Your}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12800206\charrsid71906  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 one}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8811103\charrsid71906 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 fifth share works out to $417.82 which our}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12800206\charrsid71906  client is pre}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 pared to p}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12800206\charrsid71906 repared}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  to }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12800206\charrsid71906 pay to }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
you in consideration of your renouncing your share in his favour.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11745894 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12800206\charrsid71906 There was no reply }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
to th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12800206\charrsid71906 at letter, that is,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  not until the 7th April 1981}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12800206\charrsid71906 , when the plain}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 tiff}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16264163 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 s solicitors}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12800206\charrsid71906  (not t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15556166\charrsid71906 he}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12800206\charrsid71906  present solicitors) w}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 rote to the defendant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16264163 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 s solicitors}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15556166\charrsid71906  as}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
 follows. The letter in part reads as follows:
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11745894 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
We have been handed your letter}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12800206\charrsid71906  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 dated the 4th da}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12800206\charrsid71906 
y of August}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  1978 addressed our client with instructions to reply.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12800206\charrsid71906 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12800206\charrsid71906 Our client is not agreeab}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 le at all to your client}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16264163 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 s offer in the sum of $417.82.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12800206\charrsid71906 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12800206\charrsid71906 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 We have instructions to ask for}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12800206\charrsid71906  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 accounts in the above Estate and furthermore to}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12800206\charrsid71906  }
{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 wind the said Estate with our client}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16264163 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 s share properly acc
ounted for.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12800206\charrsid71906 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 Our client further disputes payme}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12800206\charrsid71906 nt of the sum of $400.00 (Four Hundred}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  Dollars) stated in your letter.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12800206\charrsid71906 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 Therefore we have instructions to demand full Estate accounts and accordin}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12800206\charrsid71906 gly}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  we hereby request you as Solicitors for the executor of the said Estate to requir}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12800206\charrsid71906 e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  yo}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12800206\charrsid71906 ur client to supply the necessary}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  accounts to us on behalf of our sai}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12800206\charrsid71906 d client.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11745894 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12800206\charrsid71906 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12800206\charrsid71906 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 The above }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12800206\charrsid71906 reference to the payment of}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8534438\charrsid71906  $}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12800206\charrsid71906 400,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  presumably}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12800206\charrsid71906  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 o}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12800206\charrsid71906 f rent to the NLTB, was }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
not clarified in the evidence. It seems in the least unrealistic to contest payment o}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8534438\charrsid71906 f}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
 rent to a landlord eleven years after}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13442978\charrsid71906  the event. In any event }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 the defendant}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16264163 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 s solicitor}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8534438\charrsid71906  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 did not apparently reply to that letter and approximately a year later on the 17}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\super\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 t}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\super\langnp2057\insrsid13442978\charrsid71906 h}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13442978\charrsid71906  March 198}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 2}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13442978\charrsid71906 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7827835\charrsid71906 plaintiff}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16264163 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7827835\charrsid71906 s}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  present solicitors wrote to the defendant himself. Th}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13442978\charrsid71906 e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  letter refers to the death of the testator and continues
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13442978\charrsid71906 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11745894 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 ... ever}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13442978\charrsid71906  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 since then }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
 HYPERLINK http://you.as }}{\fldrslt {\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10576694\charrsid71906 you}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  as}}}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  the sole executor}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13442978\charrsid71906  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 and trustee have been managin}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13442978\charrsid71906 g the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10576694\charrsid71906 estate which includes}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  inter alia}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8534438\charrsid71906 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  a cane farm. Despite our clients re}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10576694\charrsid71906 quest
s an despite your promises}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  you have up to date either refused a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13442978\charrsid71906 nd}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 /or neglected t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8534438\charrsid71906 o}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
 supply to our client full accounts as to the m}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13442978\charrsid71906 onies received from the Fiji Sugar}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8534438\charrsid71906  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 Corporation for the cane proceeds. There was a tractor and two dwelling houses and you have b
een utilising the same for your sole use and benefit. Quite clearly you are in breach of trust as our client had an equal share together with you and three others in the said estate To make things worse you have been threatening to evict our client from t
he estate properties where he is lawfully entitled to stay without any interference or objection from y}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13442978\charrsid71906 ou or for that matter anyone el}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 se.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13442978\charrsid71906 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
Our client is very disturbed at the manner in which the whole estate is being managed and therefore we are, in the cir
cumstances instructed to demand from you which we hereby do a full and proper accounts with respect to the estate properties including the monies recovered from the Fiji Sugar Corporation and a full statement of the estate chattels.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11745894 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13442978\charrsid71906 
\par The letter then indicated that litigation would commenced in default of reply within 14 days. The defendant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16264163 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13442978\charrsid71906 
s solicitors replied on the 30}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\super\langnp2057\insrsid13442978\charrsid71906 th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13442978\charrsid71906  March 1982, enclosing with the reply a copy of the Administrator}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16264163 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13442978\charrsid71906 s Statement. The letter, which explained the basis of the figure of $41
7.82 offered by the defendant to the plaintiff, in part reads as follows:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11745894 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
Your client did nothing all these years to work the farm. In fact he has been living in Lautoka since 1966 except for a short period in 1971. His wife and children occupy 2 Tin and
 Timber houses and a bure all these and he pays maintenance to his wife under Court Order.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13442978\charrsid71906 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 The use of}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13442978\charrsid71906  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 the estate houses by his wife and childre}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8534438\charrsid71906 n}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
 all these years on his behalf means he has received much more benefit under the estate, than the value of his share in the estate.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13442978\charrsid71906 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 Our}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13442978\charrsid71906  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 client feels that he kept up the estate farm and }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8534438\charrsid71906 paid his father}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16264163 '
}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8534438\charrsid71906 s debts by his}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8811103\charrsid71906  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
exertion with no contribution from your client and your client has no right to ask for accounts of monies earned by his sole exertion.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13442978\charrsid71906 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 The other beneficiaries have assigned their shares in the estate since a long t}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8534438\charrsid71906 ime}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  and your client is aware of the fact.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13442978\charrsid71906 In fact, your }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
client by his conduct has acquiesced to our}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13442978\charrsid71906  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 client working}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13442978\charrsid71906  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 the farm all those years and is in any case guilty of laches.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11745894 "}
{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13442978\charrsid71906 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 In the following month the defendant issued the writ. The writ described the estate as}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4157566\charrsid71906  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 compr}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3682025\charrsid71906 omising of the native lease, a F}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 ordson Major Tractor together with two dwelling houses and two kitchens. It avers that the land is }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11745894 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 covered under sugar cane contract with the Fiji Sugar Corporation (}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11745894 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 FSC}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11745894 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
), that since 1970 approximately the defendant has been receiving the cane proceeds from the FSC under that contract and that to}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8811103\charrsid71906 -}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 date despite numerous requests and demands by the plaintiff the defendant refused and or neglected
 and continues to refuse to supply any account to the plaintiff in respect of the said estate. The plaintiff alleges that the defendant has been utilising and that he is thus in breach of trust. The plaintiff then seeks an account from the defendant, the 
appoin}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13442978\charrsid71906 tment}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
 of a new trustee in his place, distribution of the estate, and finally damages in respect of breach of trust.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13442978\charrsid71906 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 It would appear from the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7827835\charrsid71906 plaintiff}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16264163 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7827835\charrsid71906 s}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  evidence that he took up }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8534438\charrsid71906 
residence in Lautoka in 1965/66,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  as his father had already acquired the land at Tagi Tagi before the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8534438\charrsid71906 y}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  departed for Lautoka. He worked with his father he said on }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11745894 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
another piece of}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13442978\charrsid71906  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 land}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11745894 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8534438\charrsid71906 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
 presumably a reference to the land at Asi Asi, but he apparently had no wish to work in the land at Tagi Tagi. It seems that he came}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13442978\charrsid71906  on the land at }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8534438\charrsid71906 T}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13442978\charrsid71906 agi Tagi some}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
where around 1971/72. He said that he stayed two years on the land. The defendant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13912116\charrsid71906  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
puts it at five months. The plaintiff}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16264163 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
s own witness Hans Raj an elderly neighbour, aged 71 years, residing some two miles distant from the land at Tagi Tagi, said that the plaintiff sta}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13912116\charrsid71906 yed on the land for one year or }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 six months, when he went to reside in Lautoka, but when pressed in the matter Hans Ra}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13912116\charrsid71906 j acknowledged that it was poss}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 ible that the plaintiff has sta}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8534438\charrsid71906 y}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
ed at Tagi Tagi up to two years.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 Before leaving the farm at Tagi Tagi the plaintiff had entered into a de fac}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13912116\charrsid71906 to}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
 relationship with a lady in Lautoka. When he left the farm and went to reside Lautoka, where he has a house, he left his wife and five children behind on the far}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13912116\charrsid71906 m }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 and lived with the other lady at Lautoka. He has another child by that relationshi}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13912116\charrsid71906 p.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  Six to nine months after he had returned to Lautoka, his wife took out maintenance proceedings against him and he agreed to pay her $40 a month from his salary (}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13912116\charrsid71906 $5}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 0 per week). His wife and five children continued to live on the farm.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4157566\charrsid71906 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
The plaintiff testified that he wanted to work on the farm, but the defendant would not allow him to do so. Meanwhile his children had apparently worked on the farm. He had made a request of his brother many times he said. His evidence continues:
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13912116\charrsid71906 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11745894 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
When I was leaving I said, `Give me my share of land so that I can cultivate}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16264163 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 . }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2846900\charrsid71906 He }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 was giving me $200 but he didn}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16264163 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 t allow me to work on the farm. I}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2846900\charrsid71906  told him I did want the $200. I}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  asked him on a number of occasions to work. I asked fro}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13912116\charrsid71906 m}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  Lautoka.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11745894 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13912116\charrsid71906 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 He agreed that had his wife and children not resided at the farm he would hav}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3682025\charrsid71906 e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  been required to pay an extra $60 a month by way of rent, that is, since 1972.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13912116\charrsid71906 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 The Administrator}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16264163 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 s Statement filed by the defendant indicates that both hous}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13912116\charrsid71906 es}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  built by Hira Lal and him were constructed of wood and iron, measuring 18}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16264163 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 x 2}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13912116\charrsid71906 0}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16264163 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  and 15}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16264163 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 x 14}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16264163 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 , of second hand and new materials, there being attached to each house}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15544743\charrsid71906  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 kitchen with corrugated iron roof measuring 10}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16264163 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 x 12}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16264163 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 . Each house and kitchen we valued 
at the average of $725. The defendant testified that the plaintiff came to t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2846900\charrsid71906 he}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
 farm first in 1971/72. He arrived with his family in a truck, which contained so timber and roofing iron. He left his wife and five children with the defendant, lea}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13912116\charrsid71906 ving}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  also the building materials, and returned to Lautoka by the same truck that ve}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13912116\charrsid71906 ry}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  same day. The defendant testified that he had his}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13912116\charrsid71906  own wife and five children to look }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 after, but that he also looked after}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13912116\charrsid71906  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
the plaintiff s wife and children, the plaintiff}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16264163 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 s wi}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13912116\charrsid71906 fe}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  being his wife}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16264163 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 s sister.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 With the help of other village people, the plaintiff}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16264163 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2846900\charrsid71906 s wif}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 e built a house ten cha}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2846900\charrsid71906 ins}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  away from the defendant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16264163 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 s house, but the former house was unfortunately destroy}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2846900\charrsid71906 ed}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  by hurricane }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11745894 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 Bebe}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11745894 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  in 1972. The defendant and his family then came to assist t plaintiff}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16264163 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 s wife and family to build another house. He found that the plaintiff h}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2846900\charrsid71906 ad}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  arrived there, and the latter stayed thereafter on the land for some four to five}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13912116\charrsid71906  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 months. The kitchen attached to Hira Lal}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16264163 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
s house was damaged by the hurrica}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13912116\charrsid71906 ne }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
and Hira Lal and the plaintiff took materials from the damaged kitchen and us them to build the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10576694\charrsid71906  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 plaintiffs}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16264163 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  house. Thereafter during the four to five month}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10576694\charrsid71906 
s that stayed, the plaintiff worked}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  as a cane }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7827835\charrsid71906 cutter (}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 in substitution for another cane cutt}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13912116\charrsid71906 er),}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  that is}
{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13912116\charrsid71906 , as a member}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
 of a cane cutting gang which went around cutting cane various farms. The defendant pointed out that the plaintiff did not cut any cane the estate farm. He testified that the plaintiff came to see his family only once twice a year. The family live rent}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8811103\charrsid71906 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
free on an area of about a quarter of an acre, it corrugated iron and timber house, and a thatched bure in which the plaintiff}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16264163 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 s s}
{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2846900\charrsid71906 on,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  the latter}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16264163 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 s wife and two children reside. None of the family cultivate the land}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13912116\charrsid71906  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 work elsewhere.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 The defendant testified that there was not any}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2846900\charrsid71906  bullock to work on the farm, and}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8811103\charrsid71906  }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
he had bought a pair of bullocks. He planted suga}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4223961\charrsid71906 r cane and other small vegetabl}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
e crops for his own consumption and he also used to buy a truck load of e.g. wate}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4223961\charrsid71906 r-}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 melons or pineapples and 
resell them. Although the farm consists of over 19 acres only 9 or 10 acres ther}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10576694\charrsid71906 eof are arable, the remainder b}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 e}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10576694\charrsid71906 i}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 ng either hilly or boggy Ian}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2846900\charrsid71906 .}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  When Kali Din died}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2846900\charrsid71906 ,}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  only 5 acres were cultivated at that stage. The quota on the FS}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2846900\charrsid71906 C}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  cane contract was 41 tons at the time: indeed in 1970 only 13 tons had been produce}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2846900\charrsid71906 d}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8811103\charrsid71906  }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 on the farm. The defendant obtained a new cane contract, the quota allocate}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2846900\charrsid71906 d}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  therein being 261 tons. In 1982 he produced 340 tons, in 1983 }{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10576694\charrsid71906 as a result of }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2846900\charrsid71906 drought }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
the production fell to 115 tons. Thereafter he expected the return to be in the amoun}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10576694\charrsid71906 t}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4157566\charrsid71906  }{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 of }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10576694\charrsid71906 250 - }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
300 tons per year. This was due to the fact that he now has 10 acres unde}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10576694\charrsid71906 r}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  cultivation}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 , having actually bulldozed part of the land to make it arable. He ha}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10576694\charrsid71906 d}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  been assisted by his own sons and indeed the plain}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10576694\charrsid71906 tiff}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16264163 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10576694\charrsid71906 s sons, when it came to har}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 vest time, but he had paid the plaintiff}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16264163 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 s sons every}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4157566\charrsid71906  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 time}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10576694\charrsid71906  they had worked on the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 farm.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10576694\charrsid71906 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 The defendant admitted that he had not kept any separate account in respect of the estate. Indeed he. operated only the one b
ank account. He admitted that though he and his family had resided on the estate since his father}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16264163 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 s death in 1970, he had}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10576694\charrsid71906  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 not paid any rent in respect thereof}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2846900\charrsid71906 :}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  he had however worked the farm on a full time basis. He acknowledged that he had received sta}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10174817\charrsid71906 tem
ents from the FSC regularly}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8811103\charrsid71906  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
three times every year since 1971: he stated that he would produce them if called upon to do so. He said that it was he who had made the first approach in the matter in 1978, when he instructed his solicitors to write to the pla
intiff offering him the amount of $417.82. He said that he had not been asked for any accounts in the matter until the letter from the plaintiff}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16264163 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 s solicitors in 1981. He had looked for some documents at the time, but was unable to find them. He denied that he obtained }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11745894 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 substantial}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11745894 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
 income from the farm, as the farm only produced some 50}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8811103\charrsid71906 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
90 tons of sugar cane per year for the first five to six years and he had to pay rent of $111 per annum also to the NLTB. He did not own any other land. He had purchased a second}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8811103\charrsid71906 -}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
hand truck for $5,000 by way of loan from the Westpac Bank. The truck was in his name. He had given the security of the estate land in order to obtain the loan. He had bought it to haul cane to the mill: had he not done so he would have been obliged 
to hire a truck for that purpose. He had also hau}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10174817\charrsid71906 led goods in the truck for the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
Government for sometime, and in one year at least he had hauled cane for other farmers, for which of course he had been paid. The loan on the truck was still unpaid however. Indeed Westpac Bank retains all the cane sugar proceeds and he lives on}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10961791\charrsid71906  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
the proceeds of the hire of the truck and the selling of vegetables. He also bought a plough in his own name. When it was pointed out to him that the estate was paying interest on t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10576694\charrsid71906 he lo
an for the truck}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  h}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3631719 e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  observed }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11745894 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 Since 1970}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10174817\charrsid71906  I}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  am working on the farm }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10576694\charrsid71906 to pay}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11745894 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10174817\charrsid71906 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10576694\charrsid71906 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10576694\charrsid71906 The def}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
endant testified that it was not true that }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10576694\charrsid71906 the plaintiff has asked him to w}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
ork on the farm and that he (the defendant) had refused. In cross}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8811103\charrsid71906 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 examination in particular he said}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4157566\charrsid71906 :}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11745894 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10961791\charrsid71906 I told him, }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16264163 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 you come and work the farm with me. The farm owes $2,000 and together we can pay off the debt}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16264163 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 . He replied that it was not his debt and he refused to come and work on the farm so I continued working.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11745894 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7870384\charrsid71906 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 There is of course a direct issue of credibility here. The plaintiff}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16264163 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 s evidence as to the exact year in which he came on the land is s}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7870384\charrsid71906 omewhat vague and contradictory.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  At one stage he said that he came on the land three to four years after his father}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16264163 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 s}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7870384\charrsid71906  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 death. Nonetheless he testified that his
 wife had instituted maintenance}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7870384\charrsid71906  proceedings in 1972, that is,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  after he had le}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10174817\charrsid71906 ft the farm. His own witness Hans}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  Raj }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7870384\charrsid71906 mentioned}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10174817\charrsid71906 , as}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7870384\charrsid71906  I have said, a period of six months to one ye}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
ar. The onl}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7870384\charrsid71906 y}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  matter in which the defendant was shaken in cross}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8811103\charrsid71906 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 examination is the question of his will}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7870384\charrsid71906 
ingness or reluctance to produce}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  accounts. But his evidence as to }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10174817\charrsid71906 the fact that the plaintiff stay}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 ed on the farm some four to five months was not subjected to cross}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8811103\charrsid71906 -}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 examinati}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7870384\charrsid71906 on}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 . Whe}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10174817\charrsid71906 n asked what he did on the farm,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  the plainti}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10174817\charrsid71906 ff}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16264163 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10174817\charrsid71906  replied,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11745894 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 I used to work as a labourer}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14886297  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8811103\charrsid71906 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14886297  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10174817\charrsid71906 I used to cut cane}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11745894 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10174817\charrsid71906 . I cannot see that he}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  could possi}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7870384\charrsid71906 bly}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  spend two}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10174817\charrsid71906  years}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7870384\charrsid71906 , or}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7870384\charrsid71906 ven five months for that matter}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10174817\charrsid71906 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7870384\charrsid71906  assisted no doubt by others,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  cutting cane on }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7870384\charrsid71906 f}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 ive acres. I am not satisfied therefore that he ever}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13765661\charrsid71906  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 worked on the estate land. Again it }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10174817\charrsid71906 was }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 his evidence that he left the farm because }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11745894 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 he got a be}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3682025\charrsid71906 tter job in Lautoka}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11745894 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8454227\charrsid71906 ,}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3682025\charrsid71906  that is, as a driver}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  employed now by Lautoka General Transport. When questioned by }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4157566\charrsid71906 th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7870384\charrsid71906 e Court in the matter he said,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11745894 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 I have always been}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7870384\charrsid71906  a driver even when I moved on}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  to land (at Tagi Tagi)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11745894 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 .
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7870384\charrsid71906 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 I do not accept the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7827835\charrsid71906 plaintiff}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16264163 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7827835\charrsid71906 s}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  evidence that the defendant refused to allow him }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7870384\charrsid71906 
work on the farm. The balance of the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  evidence points to the fact that the plaintiff}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8454227\charrsid71906  did}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  not wish to work on the farm}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8454227\charrsid71906 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  that he had for
med this de facto relationship}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8454227\charrsid71906  in}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10961791\charrsid71906  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
Lautoka and that he found it convenient to decline any offer of settlement and deposit his wife and five children}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8454227\charrsid71906  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
in the care of his brother and sister}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8811103\charrsid71906 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 in}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8811103\charrsid71906 -}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 law on t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8454227\charrsid71906 he}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
 farm at Tagi Tagi. I am quite satisfied that he took no interest whatsoever in t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7306516\charrsid71906 he}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
 future of the farm. This is illustrated by}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7306516\charrsid71906  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 the fact that he had no idea as to what was t}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8454227\charrsid71906 he }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 outstandin}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7306516\charrsid71906 g debt on}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  the farm. When asked whether}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7306516\charrsid71906  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 he had ever}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7306516\charrsid71906  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 bothered to find o}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8454227\charrsid71906 ut,}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  he said that at that time the debt was $500}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8454227\charrsid71906 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
 which of course was incorrect. Wh}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7306516\charrsid71906 en}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  asked what he had done about the debt he simply said }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11745894 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 I did nothing}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11745894 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 . When ask if he knew how the land had been sav}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8454227\charrsid71906 ed from sale by FDB he answered,}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11745894 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8454227\charrsid71906 Brij}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  Mohan must have paid the money}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11745894 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 .}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7306516\charrsid71906  That, if any thing,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  illustrates his complete la}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8454227\charrsid71906 ck}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  of interest in the matter.
\par 
\par It seems to me that all along the plaintiff would have wished to obtain a portion of the la}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8454227\charrsid71906 nd}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
 for his family, but he did not wish to work it, nor indeed did he wish to shoulder}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7306516\charrsid71906  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
any responsibility in respect of the debt upon the land. Nonetheless, in view of his par}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7306516\charrsid71906 ticular marital situation, it was }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 convenient for him to retain a claim to his father}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16264163 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
s estate and thus a claim to the occupation}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8454227\charrsid71906  of}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7306516\charrsid71906  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
a portion thereof, even if a very tiny portion, by his wife and children, while he retained residen}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7306516\charrsid71906 t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
 elsewhere. I consider that the implication is not to be resisted that for those reasons he chose ignore }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7306516\charrsid71906 the offer of $417.82 made to him}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  in 1978, and that it }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7306516\charrsid71906 was only in 1981, 10}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8454227\charrsid71906  years a}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 f}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8454227\charrsid71906 ter}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  probate, that he}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\super\langnp2057\insrsid8811103\charrsid71906 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 sought accounts in the matt
er, when it seems that the production of sugar c on the farm had increased enormously, the defendant having negotiated a new cane contract 1979.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7306516\charrsid71906 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 I am indebted to both Counsel for the number of authorities which they have placed befo}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7306516\charrsid71906 re}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  me. The learned Coun
sel for the plaintiff Mr Sahu Khan has informed the Court that it conceded that the limitation Act has no application. I presume that that is a reference to t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8454227\charrsid71906 he}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  provisions of section 9(1) of the Limitation Act Cap. 35 which in part reads as follows:
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7306516\charrsid71906 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11745894 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7306516\charrsid71906 9. - }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 (1) No period of limitation prescribed by the provisions of this }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7306516\charrsid71906 
Act shall apply to an action by a beneficiary under a trust}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8454227\charrsid71906 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  being an action }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8811103\charrsid71906 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 ......
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4157566\charrsid71906 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid14886297 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7306516\charrsid71906 (b}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 )}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  to recover}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7306516\charrsid71906  from the trustee,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
 trust property or the proceeds thereof i}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7306516\charrsid71906 n the possession of the trustee,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
 or previously received by the trustee and converted to his use.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11745894 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7306516\charrsid71906 
\par }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 Mr Sahu Khan has referred to the case of }{\i\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7306516\charrsid71906 In re Paulings}{
\i\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  Settlement }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\i\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  HYPERLINK http://Tru.om }}{\fldrslt {
\i\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7306516\charrsid71906 Trusts}{\i\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9847202\charrsid71906 , Younghusband & Ors.}{\i\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8454227\charrsid71906  }{
\i\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9847202\charrsid71906 v. Cou}{\i\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8454227\charrsid71906 t}{\i\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9847202\charrsid71906 ts & Co., }{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\super\langnp2057\insrsid9847202\charrsid12342647 (1)}{\i\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9847202\charrsid71906  }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9847202\charrsid71906 at p.7}}}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8454227\charrsid71906 46}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  where in the head note of }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9847202\charrsid71906 the decis
ion}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  by the Court of }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9847202\charrsid71906 Appeal a dictum of Wilberforce J.}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  in the court below rea}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9847202\charrsid71906 ds: }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11745894 "}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 There b}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9847202\charrsid71906 eing an express statutory provision, providing a period of limitation for the}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  providin}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9847202\charrsid71906 g a period of limitation for the plaintiff}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16264163 '}
{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9847202\charrsid71906 s claims, there is no room for the equitable doctrine of laches}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11745894 "}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9847202\charrsid71906 
. Wilberforce J. was there (at p. 115) referring to the proviso to section 19(2) of the Limitation Act 1939 (repeated in section 9(2) of Cap. 35). In effect the learned Judge was saying in that case that because the particular futu
re interest in the trust property had not fallen into possession, the statutory period of six years had not started to run: that being the case the question of laches simply did not arise. That is not the case here however, as in respect of the present ap
plication no period of limitation is prescribed (see the case of }{\i\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9847202\charrsid71906 In re Page Jones v. Morgan}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9847202\charrsid71906  }{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\super\langnp2057\insrsid9847202\charrsid12342647 (2)}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9847202\charrsid71906  per North J. at pp. 308/309).
\par 
\par In the case of }{\i\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9847202\charrsid71906 In re Cross Harston v. Tension}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\super\langnp2057\insrsid2240548\charrsid12342647 (3)}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2240548\charrsid71906  at p. 121 Baggallay L.J}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9847202\charrsid71906 . in delivering the judgment of the Court of Appeal referred to
\par }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5904026\charrsid71906 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11745894 "}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5904026\charrsid71906 
the recognised doctrine of equity that as between the trustee and the cestui que trust no time will operate as a bar to the equitable claim of the latter in respect of a breach of an express trust}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11745894 
"}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5904026\charrsid71906 .
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5904026\charrsid71906 
\par }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3095347\charrsid71906 He continued on p}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 .}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3095347\charrsid71906  }{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 121:
\par }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4157566\charrsid71906 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11745894 "}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 ........But the questi
on remains whether. having regard to the nature of the breach of t}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2240548\charrsid71906 rust committed by (the trustee),}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
 and the subsequent conduct of the parties interested in asserting any claim in respect thereof, there has not been such}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2240548\charrsid71906  an amount of acquiescence and l}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 aches on the part of the parties interested as to make it inequitable that relief should he given to them in the present action: for the doctrine}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2240548\charrsid71906 ,}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  that where}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3095347\charrsid71906 
 there is an express trust delay}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  in seeking relief in respect of}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2240548\charrsid71906  a breach of it is not material,}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  does not apply to a case in which there }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2240548\charrsid71906 has been acquiescence or gross l}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 aches on the part of the cestui que trust.}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11745894 "}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3095347\charrsid71906 
\par }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 In the case of }{\i\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 Lindsay Petroleum Co. v. Hurd & Ors}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\super\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid12342647 (4)}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  in delivering}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
 the judgment of t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2240548\charrsid71906 h}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 e Judicial Committee Sir Barnes Peacock observed at pp. 239/240 as follows:
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4157566\charrsid71906 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11745894 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 Now the do}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2240548\charrsid71906 ctrine of l}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 aches in Courts of Equity is not an arbitrary or a technical doctrine. Whe}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3095347\charrsid71906 r}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 e it would be practically unjust to give a remedy, either because the }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3095347\charrsid71906 party has, by his conduct, done}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  that which might fairly be regarded as eq
uivalent to a waiver of it, or where by his conduct }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2240548\charrsid71906 an}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
d neglect he has, though perhaps not waiving that remedy, yet put the other party in a situation }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2240548\charrsid71906 i}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
n which it would not be reasonable to place him if the remedy were afterwards to be asserted, }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2240548\charrsid71906 i}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 n either 
of these cases, lapse of time and delay are most material. But in every case, if an argume}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3095347\charrsid71906 n}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
t against relief, which otherwise would be just, is founded upon mere delay, that delay of co}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2240548\charrsid71906 urse}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
 not amounting to a bar by any statute of limitations, the validity of that defence must be tri}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2240548\charrsid71906 e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
d upon principles substantially equitable. Two circumstances, always important in such cases, ar}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3095347\charrsid71906 e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
, the length of the delay and the nature of the acts done during the interval, which might affect}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3095347\charrsid71906  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 eith}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3095347\charrsid71906 er}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  party and cause a balance 
of justice or injustice in taking the one course or the other, so far relates to the remedy.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11745894 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3095347\charrsid71906 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 With regard to those dicta Lord Blackburn in delivering his judgment in the House of Lor}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3095347\charrsid71906 d}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 s in the case of }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 Emile Erlanger & Ors. v. New Sombrero}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3095347\charrsid71906  Phosphate Company & O}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 rs}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\super\langnp2057\insrsid2240548\charrsid12342647 (5)}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2240548\charrsid71906  at p}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 .127}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2240548\charrsid71906 9}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  had this to say:
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3095347\charrsid71906 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11745894 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3095347\charrsid71906 I}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  have looked in vain for}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3095347\charrsid71906  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 an}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3095347\charrsid71906 y }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 authority}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3095347\charrsid71906  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 which gives a more distinct and definit}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3095347\charrsid71906 e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
 rule than this: and I think}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2240548\charrsid71906 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  from the nature of t}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 he }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  HYPERLINK http://inquiry.it }}{\fldrslt {
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3095347\charrsid71906 inquiry,}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  it}}}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3095347\charrsid71906 must always be a question of more or less,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
 depending on the degree of diligence which might reasonably he required. and the degr}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3095347\charrsid71906 ee of change which has occurred}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
 whether}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4157566\charrsid71906  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 the balance of justice or injustice is in favo}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3095347\charrsid71906 ur of granting the remedy or with}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 holding it. The determination of such a question must largely depend on t}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3095347\charrsid71906 he}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  turn of m}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3095347\charrsid71906 
ind of those who have to decide, and must therefore b}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 e subject }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3095347\charrsid71906 to uncertainty: but that,}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 I }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
 HYPERLINK http://think.is }}{\fldrslt {\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3095347\charrsid71906 think,}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  is}}}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  inherent in the nature of the inquiry.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11745894 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 The above dicta from the }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3095347\charrsid71906 Lindsay}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  Petroleum}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\super\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid12342647 (4)}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  case and the }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 Erla}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3095347\charrsid71906 nger}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\super\langnp2057\insrsid3095347\charrsid12342647 (5)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3095347\charrsid71906  case}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  were}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3095347\charrsid71906  quoted with approval by Lindley}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  L.J. in delivering the judgment of}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3095347\charrsid71906  the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  Court }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3095347\charrsid71906 o}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 f Appeal in the leading case of}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3095347\charrsid71906  }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3304877\charrsid71906 Roch}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 efoucauld v. }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3304877\charrsid71906 Boustead}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\super\langnp2057\insrsid3304877\charrsid7144498 (6)}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3304877\charrsid71906 at pp. 210/}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 2}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3304877\charrsid71906 11.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
\par Mr Sahu Khan refers to the old cases of }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3304877\charrsid71906 Freeman v}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 . Fairlie}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\super\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid7144498 (7)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  and }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3304877\charrsid71906 Pear}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 se v. Gre}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3304877\charrsid71906 en}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\super\langnp2057\insrsid3304877\charrsid7144498 (8}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\super\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid7144498 )}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 . In the latter}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3304877\charrsid71906 
 case Plumer M.R. observed at p. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 329 that}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16264163 :}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11745894 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
It is the first duty of an accounting party }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  HYPERLINK http://whether.an }}{\fldrslt {
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3304877\charrsid71906 whether,}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  an}}}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3304877\charrsid71906  agent, or trustee,}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  a receiver or an executor .... to be constantly ready with his accounts.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11745894 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
\par and further on
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3304877\charrsid71906 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11745894 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
... with agents or trustee, if t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3304877\charrsid71906 hey neglect to account properly,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  if they viola}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3304877\charrsid71906 te}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  their}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3304877\charrsid71906  duty,}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  the Court, for the sake of compelling}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3304877\charrsid71906  them to perform it,}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  says that th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3304877\charrsid71906 ey}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
 ought to be charged with interest, on what they have retained.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11745894 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3304877\charrsid71906 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11745894 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3304877\charrsid71906 It is}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  and must he understood }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3304877\charrsid71906 to be,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
 the bounden duty of a}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 n }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  HYPERLINK http://Executor.to }}{\fldrslt {
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3304877\charrsid71906 Executor,}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  to}}}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
 keep clear and distinct accounts of the property which he himself is bound to administer: and I }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3304877\charrsid71906 have not the slightest difficulty in saying that, if all these}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  books were the books of a banking house in London}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3304877\charrsid71906 , and an Executor thought}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  proper to put the accounts of a testator}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16264163 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3304877\charrsid71906 
s estate into his banking books,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  he s}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3304877\charrsid71906 hall not be allowed to tell me, the cestui que trust,}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  that I have no right to see his original accounts of my property.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11745894 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3304877\charrsid71906 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 Mr Sahu Khan has also referred to the following dicta of Lord Russell of Killowen in }{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 the cas}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3304877\charrsid71906 e}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  of }{
\i\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 Regal (Hastings) Ltd v. Gulliver and Others}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\super\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid7144498 (9)}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  at pp. 144/145}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10564223\charrsid71906 :}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
\par }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10564223\charrsid71906 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11745894 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
The rule of equity which insists on those, who by use of a fiduciary position make a pro it, being liable to account for that profit, in no way depends on fraud, or absence of bona fid}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10564223\charrsid71906 
es;}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  or upon such questions or considerations as whether the profit would or should otherwise ha}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10564223\charrsid71906 ve}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  gone to the plaintiff, or whether the profiteer was under a duty to obtain the source of the pr}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10564223\charrsid71906 ofit}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  for the plaintiff, or whether the plaintiff has in fact been damaged or benefited by his acti}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10564223\charrsid71906 o}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 n, the liability arises from the mere fact of a profit having, }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10564223\charrsid71906 in the stated circumstances, bee}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 n made. The profiteer, however honest and well}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8811103\charrsid71906 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
intentioned, cannot escape the risk of bei}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10564223\charrsid71906 ng}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  called upon to account.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11745894 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10564223\charrsid71906 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 The learned Law Lord then went on to cite the leading case of }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10564223\charrsid71906 Keech v. Sandford}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\super\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid3829996 (10)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  as }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11745894 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 an illustration of the strictness of this rule of equit}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10564223\charrsid71906 y in this regard,}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10564223\charrsid71906 nd of how }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
far the rule is independent of these outside considerations.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11745894 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10564223\charrsid71906 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 The case of }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 Regal (Hastings}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10564223\charrsid71906 ) Ltd}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\super\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid7144498 (9)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10564223\charrsid71906 was referred to by Upjohn J}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16603085\charrsid71906 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  in delivering hi}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10564223\charrsid71906 s}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  judgment in the case of }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10564223\charrsid71906 Re Jarvis,}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  Edge }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10564223\charrsid71906 v}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 . }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10564223\charrsid71906 Jarvis}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\super\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid7144498 (11)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 . The facts of that case bear stro
ng degree of similarity to those of the present case. The parties to that action wer}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10564223\charrsid71906 e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4157566\charrsid71906  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10564223\charrsid71906 sisters,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  the defendant being 10 years older than the plaintiff. They were appointe}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10564223\charrsid71906 d}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  joint executrices and trustees under}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10564223\charrsid71906  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 their father}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16264163 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 s will. Under}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10564223\charrsid71906  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 the will their late fathe}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10564223\charrsid71906 r }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 gave to the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16206092\charrsid71906 m his business as a tobacconist}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
 newsagent and confectioner at his sho}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16206092\charrsid71906 p in London, }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 including}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16206092\charrsid71906  the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 existing}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16206092\charrsid71906  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 lease}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16206092\charrsid71906  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 and}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16206092\charrsid71906  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16206092\charrsid71906  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 right}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16206092\charrsid71906  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 to}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16206092\charrsid71906  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 renewal}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16206092\charrsid71906  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 or}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16206092\charrsid71906  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 extension}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16206092\charrsid71906  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 ther}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16206092\charrsid71906 eof. When their father died in 1941,}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  the premises had in fact been damaged in 1940 by }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16206092\charrsid71906 a bomb during the War,}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  and for some three years thereafter no real business wa}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16206092\charrsid71906 s}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4157566\charrsid71906  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16206092\charrsid71906 carried on there, that is,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
 until the premises were restored in 1944 by the d}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16206092\charrsid71906 efendant.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  The defendant had a separate business at another}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16206092\charrsid71906  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 shop }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
 HYPERLINK http://nearby.at }}{\fldrslt {\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 nearby}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16206092\charrsid71906 , }{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 at}}}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  which indeed }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16206092\charrsid71906 she }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 had employed the plai}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16206092\charrsid71906 ntiff as }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16603085\charrsid71906 an }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16206092\charrsid71906 assistant for some periods,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  and had also given free accommodation.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16206092\charrsid71906  The}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  plaintiff}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16206092\charrsid71906  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 took absolutely no interest in the administra}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16206092\charrsid71906 tion of her late father}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16264163 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16206092\charrsid71906 s estate,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  or indeed the conduct of his business. The d}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16206092\charrsid71906 efendant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  assumed responsibility for tha}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16206092\charrsid71906 
t business paying off all debts,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  and in pa}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16206092\charrsid71906 rticular}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  arrears of }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  HYPERLINK http://rent.in }}{\fldrslt {
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16206092\charrsid71906 rent,}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  in}}}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
 respect of which judgment had been obtained against both plaintiff and the }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  HYPERLINK http://defendant.Ultimately.in }}{\fldrslt {
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 defendant. U}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16206092\charrsid71906 ltimately,}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  in}}}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  May 194}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16206092\charrsid71906 4}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  the defendant gained a }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16206092\charrsid71906 new }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 tenancy in her own name, on substantially the same terms as the former tena}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16206092\charrsid71906 ncy, and in that }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 year she re}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8811103\charrsid71906 -}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 opened the shop and managed }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16206092\charrsid71906 it as a joint business with her other shop. In 1951,}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  without apparently any previous claim o}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16206092\charrsid71906 r indeed a letter before action,}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  the plaintiff filed a writ.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16206092\charrsid71906 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 Upjohn J. considered that two questions arose, the first of those concerning the new lease }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16603085\charrsid71906 in }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 respect of which the defendant was, on the authority of }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 Keech v. Sandford}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\super\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid3829996 (10)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 , clearl}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16206092\charrsid71906 y}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  const}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16206092\charrsid71906 r}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 uc}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16206092\charrsid71906 ti}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
ve trustee. Upjohn J. could not regard the delay, from January 1945 apparently, up u 1951, as sufficient to defeat the plaintiff}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16264163 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
s claim and held that }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11745894 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 there must be an enquiry as to w}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16603085\charrsid71906 hat}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  rent, if any, year by year, ought to be charged to the defendant in respect of her benefic}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16206092\charrsid71906 ial}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  occupation}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11745894 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
 of the premises. The second question, as Upjohn J. observed, was as to the positi}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16206092\charrsid71906 on}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
 in regard to the business carried on at the shop by the defendant. In this respect he observed }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16206092\charrsid71906 at }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 p. 341:
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16206092\charrsid71906 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11745894 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
Throughout all this time the plaintiff was fully aware of her rights but }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  HYPERLINK http://took.am }}{\fldrslt {
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16206092\charrsid71906 took, I}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  am}}}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
 fully satisfied on the evidence, no step to assert them or to make any claim all until the issue of the writ.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16264163 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid265402\charrsid71906 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid265402\charrsid71906 
\par The }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 principles applying in relation to a business are quite different from those applying in t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid265402\charrsid71906 he}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  case of a specific asset, such as a renewed lease. The principle was stated in }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 Clegg }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid265402\charrsid71906 v. }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 Edmondson}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
 (12). There Knight Bruce, L.J., said (ibid., at p.604):
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11745894 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 A mine which a man works i
s in the nature of a trade carrie}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16603085\charrsid71906 d on by hi}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 m. It requires hi}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16603085\charrsid71906 s}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
 time, care, attention and skill to be bestowed on it, besides the possible expenditure an risk of capital, nor can any degree of science, foresi}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16603085\charrsid71906 ght and examination afford a sure}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  guarantee against sudden losses, disappointments and reverses. In such cases a m}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16603085\charrsid71906 an}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  having an adverse claim in equity on the ground of constructive trust should pursue i}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid265402\charrsid71906 t}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  promptly, and not by e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid265402\charrsid71906 quity}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid265402\charrsid71906 words merely. He should show him}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 self in good time willing to participate i
n possible loss as well as profit, not play a game in which he alone risk nothing.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid265402\charrsid71906 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid265402\charrsid71906 That was the case of a mine, which may be regarded as an exceptionally}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8811103\charrsid71906  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 hazardous undertakin}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid265402\charrsid71906 g,}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  and the delay which was held to be fatal }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3365972\charrsid71906 in that case was ten years, i.e}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 . four more than here: but the principle as stated is of general application.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid265402\charrsid71906 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid265402\charrsid71906 Th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
e plaintiff is seeking to say that the defendant has been a trustee for her of one moiety of }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid265402\charrsid71906 this highly successful business,}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  although she has never}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid265402\charrsid71906  bee}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4157566\charrsid71906 n at risk for one penny. I
}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  have been referred to a number of text}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8811103\charrsid71906 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16603085\charrsid71906 b}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 ooks and authori}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16603085\charrsid71906 ties on this question of laches,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  }
{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid265402\charrsid71906 acquiescence}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  and delay}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4532544\charrsid71906 ,}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  but I}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4532544\charrsid71906  forbear from referring to them,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  for in t}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid265402\charrsid71906 his realm of law case depends }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 so much on its own facts that the citation of other}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid265402\charrsid71906  cases hav}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 ing some points of similarity and}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid265402\charrsid71906  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4532544\charrsid71906 some of}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid265402\charrsid71906  difference does not really assist.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid265402\charrsid71906 I do not overlook the circumstance}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  that the plaintiff has said that she could not afford a solicitor: but I have t}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid265402\charrsid71906 o }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7827835\charrsid71906 try to}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  do justice to both sides. In my }
{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  HYPERLINK http://judgment.in }}{\fldrslt {\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid265402\charrsid71906 judgment,}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  in}}}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  the whole of the circumstan}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid265402\charrsid71906 ces}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  of this c}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid265402\charrsid71906 ase in relation to the business,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4863115\charrsid71906 
 the plaintiff, by waiting until 1}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 95}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4863115\charrsid71906 1, not been sufficiently }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4532544\charrsid71906 prompt in asking her remedy,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  and this part of action fails.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11745894 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4863115\charrsid71906 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 It seems to me that the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11745894 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 beneficial occupation}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11745894 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  of the part}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4863115\charrsid71906 icular premises in case of Jarvis (}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 l}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4863115\charrsid71906 1}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 ) must}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4863115\charrsid71906  comprise two elements, firstly,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  the benefit gained from occupation thereof in the conduct of the part}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4863115\charrsid71906 icular business at the premises, and }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 secondly the benefit gained from the occupation thereof as a residence. Wit}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4863115\charrsid71906 h regard}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  to the first }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  HYPERLINK http://element.it }}{\fldrslt {\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4863115\charrsid71906 element,}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  it}}}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4863115\charrsid71906  seems to me,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  that that is s}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4863115\charrsid71906 ubmersed in the conduct of business}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  HYPERLINK http://itself.as }}{\fldrslt {\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 itself}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4863115\charrsid71906 ,}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  as}}}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 one must take into account the rent paid }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4863115\charrsid71906 for the premises to the landlord calculating}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  the general profit or loss sustained by the business. I }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  HYPERLINK http://observe.in }
}{\fldrslt {\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4863115\charrsid71906 observe}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  in}}}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  event}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4532544\charrsid71906 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  that the order by Upjohn J. in the matter in}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3365972\charrsid71906 
dicates that in any particular year no rent might be charg}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 ed to the defendant at all.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 As to the beneficial occupation of the land in the present case}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4532544\charrsid71906 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  that is, for}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4532544\charrsid71906  the pur\-pose of residing there}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7827835\charrsid71906 , I}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  have no difficulty. The two remaining beneficiaries un}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3365972\charrsid71906 der}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3365972\charrsid71906 will}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4532544\charrsid71906 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3365972\charrsid71906 the plaintiff and the defendant}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4532544\charrsid71906 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3365972\charrsid71906  and both their families,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  have resided th}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3365972\charrsid71906 ere}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  for almost the same length of time. As I }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4532544\charrsid71906 have }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 said earlier, the plaintiff conceded th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3365972\charrsid71906 at in the matter of maintenance,}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  if he had not been in the position to accomm}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3365972\charrsid71906 odate }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4532544\charrsid71906 
his }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3365972\charrsid71906 family on the estate land,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  he would have been obliged to pay another $60 per mo}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3365972\charrsid71906 nth as maintenance, that is,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  from 1972. If then the plaintiff were asked to account to estate for the occupation of t}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8940495\charrsid71906 he land by his family, he would,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  on his own evide}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8940495\charrsid71906 nce
}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  have to bring in a sum of}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4532544\charrsid71906 , I calculate, at least $10,}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 800: considering the increas}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8940495\charrsid71906 e }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4532544\charrsid71906 in }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8940495\charrsid71906 rents since 1972,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  that sum might well be doubled. The same of course applies to defendant and to his family.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 I appreciate of course that the plaintiff}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16264163 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 s family are but occupying one}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8811103\charrsid71906 -}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 quarter }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7827835\charrsid71906 of an}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
 acre of the land for the purpose of residence thereon: the defendant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16264163 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 s family are hardly occupying}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8940495\charrsid71906  very}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  muc}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8940495\charrsid71906 h more.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  With regard to the conduct of the business o}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8940495\charrsid71906 f}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  the}
{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8940495\charrsid71906  farm however,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  the defen}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8940495\charrsid71906 
dant is occupying over 19 acres,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  but that }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  HYPERLINK http://factor.as }}{\fldrslt {
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8940495\charrsid71906 factor,}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  as}}}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  I see }
{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  HYPERLINK http://it.is }}{\fldrslt {\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8940495\charrsid71906 it}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  is}}}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  matter whic
h must be taken into account in the conduct of the business as a wh}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4532544\charrsid71906 o}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8940495\charrsid71906 le. For example,}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  the defendant is required to pay an annual rent to NLTB. Then t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8940495\charrsid71906 here}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  are the expenses which the defendant must incur in the running of the farm. I q}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4532544\charrsid71906 uite}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  appreciate that it is possible for}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8940495\charrsid71906  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
the defendant to approach the FSC and obtain f}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4532544\charrsid71906 rom}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  them records of eve}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4532544\charrsid71906 ry}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  payment made to him since the death of his father. That would but largely account for the revenue of the far}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10365508\charrsid71906 m however. The question remain}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 s }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4532544\charrsid71906 as }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 to what were the defendant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16264163 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 s }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  HYPERLINK http://outgoings.in }}{\fldrslt {\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4532544\charrsid71906 outgoings}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  in}}}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  respect of the matters legion connected}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8811103\charrsid71906  }
{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10365508\charrsid71906 w}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 ith the day to day running of any farm, many of th}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10365508\charrsid71906 em casual or sporadic in nature a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 nd perhaps not r readily susceptible to the task of record. Quite obviously to pu
t the defendant to the task of producing such accounts from as far hack as 1970 woul}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10365508\charrsid71906 d}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  be}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10365508\charrsid71906  a monumental, if}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  not impossible task.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10365508\charrsid71906 
 I appreciate that no matter how difficult the task,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  if the defendant is required by the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10365508\charrsid71906 
 Court to produce such accounts,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  he}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10365508\charrsid71906  would}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  
nonetheless be obliged to do so. The question remains howeve}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10365508\charrsid71906 r as to whether, in all the circumstances, }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
I should call upon him to do so.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10365508\charrsid71906 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4532544\charrsid71906 As I observed earlier,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  the plaintiff made no enquiry in the matter of acco}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10365508\charrsid71906 unts}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  until some 10 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10365508\charrsid71906 years had elapsed since pr
obate,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  and then again over two and one }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10365508\charrsid71906 half }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
years after he had been requested to accept a specific sum in payment of his sha}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10365508\charrsid71906 re}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4532544\charrsid71906 of }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 the estate.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4532544\charrsid71906  In view of the evidence which I}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  have earl}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10365508\charrsid71906 ier detailed. I}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
 am quite satisfied that the plaintiff was fully aware of his rights in the matter but took no }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10365508\charrsid71906 steps to assert them until 1981, and then, in }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4532544\charrsid71906 view of }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10365508\charrsid71906 his regular, if infrequent,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
 visits to his famil}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10365508\charrsid71906 y on }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 the farm, apparently only when the conduct of the}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10365508\charrsid71906  business of the estate by the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8811103\charrsid71906  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
defendant had seemingly begun to prosper. As Knight Bruce L.J. observed,
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10365508\charrsid71906 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16264163 "a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
 man having an adverse claim in equity on the ground of constructive trust should pursue it promptly, and not by empty words merely. He should show himself in good time willing to participate in possible loss as well as profit}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4532544\charrsid71906 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  not play a game in which he alone risks nothing.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11745894 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10365508\charrsid71906 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 By his delay the plaintiff has put the defendant }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11745894 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 in}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4532544\charrsid71906  a situation in which it would n}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 ot be reasonable to place him if the remedy were afterwards to be asserted}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11745894 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 . In all the circumstances, in view of the plaintiff}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16264163 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 s laches and apparent acquiescence up to 1981, I think the balance of}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4157566\charrsid71906  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 justice is in favour of withholding the remedy, and I decline to order the defendant to produce accounts.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10555211\charrsid71906 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 The plaintiff remains a beneficiary in the estate, which 
must be distributed. Mr Sahu Khan at one stage informed the Court that the assignments by the other three beneficiaries were not contested, the only question being as to whether) the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10365508\charrsid71906  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 plaintiffs share in the estate was affected thereby. Mr Sahu Khan nonethe
less points to one of the deeds, that executed by Raj Kishor and the defendant, which purports to indemnify Raj Kishor in respect of any liability arising out of the estate: Mr Sahu Khan submits that no liability arises ag}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10365508\charrsid71906 ainst a beneficiary but against }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 the estate itself. Generally speaking of course that is perfectly correct. Mr }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7827835\charrsid71906 Chhaganlal}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  has very properly referred to the old case of }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 Coles v. Trecothick}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  (13) at p. 596 where Eldon L.C. observed:
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10555211\charrsid71906 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11745894 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
Upon the question as to a purchase by a trustee from the cestui que trust I ag}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10555211\charrsid71906 ree}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14437896\charrsid71906 ,}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  the cestui que trust may deal with his trustee, so that the trustee may become purchaser of the estate. But, though permitted, it is a transaction of gr}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10555211\charrsid71906 eat}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  delicacy, and which the Court will }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10555211\charrsid71906 
watch with the utmost diligence:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  so mu}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10555211\charrsid71906 ch}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14437896\charrsid71906 ,}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  that it is very hazardous for a trustee to engage in such a transaction.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11745894 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10555211\charrsid71906 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4157566 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10555211\charrsid71906 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 Here however the trustee is himself a cestui que trust. Raj Kishor was no }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10555211\charrsid71906 doubt}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9453378\charrsid71906  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 aware that his mother had, three months before that, assigned her share in the est}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10555211\charrsid71906 ate}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  to the defendant for the consideration of a promise }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10555211\charrsid71906 to pay $200 five years thereafter}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 ; no doubt he wished to see the family estate preserved, rather than sold and }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14437896\charrsid71906 t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 he proceeds divided, and knowing that he, a taxi driver r}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10555211\charrsid71906 esiding at Nadi, could not tend}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8811103\charrsid71906  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 to the farm, and 
not wishing to share in the responsibility undertaken by the def}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10555211\charrsid71906 endant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
 with the FDB, he decided presumably for those reasons to assign his share to the defendant, who had all along it seems depend}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10555211\charrsid71906 ed on farming for his livelihoo}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 d.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10555211\charrsid71906  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 While I agree with Mr Sahu Khan}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16264163 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 s observation, nonetheless it seems to me that}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8811103\charrsid71906  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10555211\charrsid71906 R}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
aj Kishor did receive some consideration from the deed, namely the extension of brotherly affection, the securing of the family estate and in particular family unity,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9453378\charrsid71906  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 which sadly, I must observe, was undermined from the start by a will which had }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10555211\charrsid71906 b}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 ut a divisive effect.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10555211\charrsid71906 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 Again, I do not consider the monetary considerations in the other}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10555211\charrsid71906  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 two deeds to be inadequate. The fact that the widow agreed to wait five years for the payment of}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14437896\charrsid71906  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14437896\charrsid71906 h}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 e $200, and Vinod Lal t
wo years for the payment of $100, serves but to emphasise the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10555211\charrsid71906  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 degree of risk which the defendant undertook at th}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9453378\charrsid71906 e outset. The assignments are}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  by deed, so that no consideration was necessary, but in any event I have be}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14437896\charrsid71906 e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 n anxious to scrutinise them, in the light of Lord Eldon}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16264163 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 s dicta above, as transactions }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11745894 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 of great delicacy}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11745894 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 . I cannot see that there is anything in the deeds themselves}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14437896\charrsid71906 ,}
{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906  or in the evidence before me, which in anyway lends tain}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10555211\charrsid71906 
t to the transactions. The particular beneficiaries clearly assigned their shares in the estate to the defendant, and in my judgment he stands seized of a four-fifths share in the estate.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10555211\charrsid71906 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7827835\charrsid71906 Mr Chhaganlal suggested that the plaintiff should be awarded a one-fifth share of the estate as originally valued, that is $417.82, plu
s interest over the years: alternatively the estate could be valued, 50% of the value being deducted to represent the defendant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16264163 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7827835\charrsid71906 
s labours and risk-undertaking over the years, not to mention the fact that acreage under cultivation has doubled and production has increased enormously. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1836431\charrsid71906 
Mr Chhaganlal submits that 50% would in the circumstances not be an arbitrary figure and that thereafter the plaintiff could be awarded one-fifth of the value thus reduced, that is, in effect, one-tenth of the present day value o
f the estate. Considering that the sugar cane quota alone, not to mention the value of the lease and buildings on the land, has increased over 600%, it seems to be that such distribution, apart from being artificial in the choice of the figure of 50%, wou
ld be more }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14437896\charrsid71906 than }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1836431\charrsid71906 generous to the plaintiff and in the result unfair to the defendant.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10555211\charrsid71906 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1836431\charrsid71906 
\par Mr Sahu Khan would reverse Mr Chhaganlal}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16264163 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1836431\charrsid71906 
s first suggestion and submits in effect that instead, possession should be granted to the plaintiff, who would then pay the defendant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7893603\charrsid71906  four-f}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14437896\charrsid71906 ifths of the original value ($1,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7893603\charrsid71906 671 approximately) plus interest over the years, plus out of pocket expenses, plus }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11745894 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7893603\charrsid71906 a reasonable sum of his efforts}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11745894 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7893603\charrsid71906 . The difficulties inherent in the calculation of the latter sum are quite apparent. Further, the
 suggestions as I see it, contemplates compensation of the plaintiff for his physical and mental labours: but how does one compensate him for the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9453378\charrsid71906 e}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7893603\charrsid71906 ntrepreneurial risks which he undertook? }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14437896\charrsid71906 And then I say why should the defendant, the only member of his fami
ly willing to undertake such risks, be now dispossessed the land which he has tilled for 21 years? }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7893603\charrsid71906 It is suggested that the plaintiff, who all alone has shown no interests whatever in t}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9985185\charrsid71906 he land, will now cultivate it?}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7893603\charrsid71906  It seems to me more realistic to sugges
t that, partly in an effort to pay off the defendant, he would immediately sell the land}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9985185\charrsid71906 
. Why then should not the beneficiary who owns 80% of the estate be not allowed to stay on the land?}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1836431\charrsid71906 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9985185\charrsid71906 
\par Quite obviously the plaintiff is not entitled to one-fifth share i
n the present value of the estate without any deductions. For the reasons indicated earlier, it is clearly extremely difficult if not impossible to calculate the value of the deductions to be made from the present value of the estate. The only realistic s
olution of the question of distribution is, I consider, to adopt Mr }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7827835\charrsid71906 Chhaganlal}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16264163 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7827835\charrsid71906 s}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9985185\charrsid71906  first suggestion based on the original value of the estate. The contents of the Administrator}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16264163 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9985185\charrsid71906 s Statement, verified by statutory declaration, has not been challenged. Again, the executor}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16264163 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9985185\charrsid71906 s oath filed upon the application for probate in common form gave the gross and ne}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14437896\charrsid71906 t value of the estate at $3,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9985185\charrsid71906 979}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14437896\charrsid71906 .}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9985185\charrsid71906 41 and $2}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14437896\charrsid71906 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9985185\charrsid71906 
689.19 respectively. There is then the evidence of the defendant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13770269\charrsid71906  as to the deductions for rent and testamentary expenses.
 There is no evidence to the contrary, and I accept therefore that a one-fifth share in the value of the state on 24}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\super\langnp2057\insrsid13770269\charrsid71906 th}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13770269\charrsid71906  November 1971}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14437896\charrsid71906 , when probate was granted was $}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13770269\charrsid71906 
417.82.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10115289\charrsid71906 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13770269\charrsid71906 
\par Clearly the plaintiff should have interest on that amount. In view of the fact that the value of the estate was proved no earlier than 24}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\super\langnp2057\insrsid13770269\charrsid71906 th}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13770269\charrsid71906 
 November 1971, as testamentary expenses had to be paid, and as distribution could not be effected before then. I consider that interest should run from the latter date. Currently the rate of interest
 is approximately 13.5% and I award the plaintiff interest at that rate from 24}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\super\langnp2057\insrsid13770269\charrsid71906 th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13770269\charrsid71906 
 November 1971 on the sum of $417.82. I calculate that such interest amounts to $860 approximately. I therefore aw}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7827835\charrsid71906 ard the plaintiff the sum of $1,}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13770269\charrsid71906 278 in distribution of the estate as representing his one-fifth share thereof. I give judgment to the plaintiff in that amount, but the other claims in the writ must be dismissed.
\par 
\par }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13770269\charrsid71906 Partial judgment for the plaintiff.}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13770269\charrsid71906 
\par }}