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\widowctrl\ftnbj\aenddoc\trackmoves1\trackformatting1\donotembedsysfont0\relyonvml0\donotembedlingdata1\grfdocevents0\validatexml0\showplaceholdtext0\ignoremixedcontent0\saveinvalidxml0\showxmlerrors0\noxlattoyen \expshrtn\noultrlspc\dntblnsbdb\nospaceforul\subfontbysize\hyphcaps0\formshade\horzdoc\dgmargin\dghspace100\dgvspace120\dghorigin1701\dgvorigin1984\dghshow0\dgvshow3\jcompress\viewkind4\viewscale140\pgbrdrhead\pgbrdrfoot\nolnhtadjtbl\rsidroot4080511 \fet0 {\*\wgrffmtfilter 2450}\ilfomacatclnup0\ltrpar \sectd \ltrsect\psz9\linex0\sectlinegrid272\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid1531699\sftnbj {\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}} {\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (} {\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ltrpar \qr \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid28968 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid28968\charrsid1531699 [1986] 32 FLR 30}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid616714\charrsid1531699 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid616714 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid28968\charrsid1531699 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid882159 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 COURT OF APPEAL}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14814613\charrsid1531699 OF FIJI}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1531699 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1531699 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1531699\charrsid1531699 Civil Jurisdiction \par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid882159 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1531699\charrsid1531699 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12933942\charrsid1531699 RE AZMAT ALI}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid882159\charrsid1531699 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 s/o Akbar Ali \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid616714 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid882159 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1263315\charrsid1531699 Speight, VP., Roper, JA., Mishra, J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid882159\charrsid1531699 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid28968\charrsid1531699 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid28968 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid28968\charrsid1531699 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10027434\charrsid1531699 Date of Hearing: 15 July, 1986}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid882159\charrsid1531699 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid28968\charrsid1531699 Delivery of Judgment: 23 July, 1986 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid616714 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid28968\charrsid1531699 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid882159 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid882159\charrsid1531699 Administrative law Judicial Review - Native Land - decisions of Central Agricultural Tribunal and Agricultural Tribunal amenable thereto - awards need not be made subject to consent of Native Land Trust Board \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid616714 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid882159\charrsid1531699 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7355919\charrsid1531699 B C Patel }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7355919\charrsid1531699 for the Appellant \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7355919\charrsid1531699 M. S Sahu Khan }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7355919\charrsid1531699 for the 1st Respondent \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7355919\charrsid1531699 Miss. A. Rogan }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7355919\charrsid1531699 for the 2nd Respondent \par \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid882159\charrsid1531699 Azm at Ali (Appellant) appealed from a decision of the Supreme Court wherein he declared null and void an award by the Central Agricultural Tribunal. (See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid882159\charrsid1531699 R. v. Agricultural Tribunal Ex parte Mohammed Jalil}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid882159\charrsid1531699 - 31 FLR) \par \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid882159 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid882159\charrsid1531699 The first respondent, who held 194 acres under a lease granted to him by the Native Land Trust Board (NLTB), in 1975 entered into an agreement with the appellant in contravention of section 12 of the Native Land Trust Act under which appellant was to cultivate 25 acres for 10 years. A dispute arose and he applied for an eviction order against the appellant who referred the matter to the Agricultural Tribunal where he sought a declaration of tenancy and order of assignment without fur ther particulars. It became clear he was seeking an order giving him a tenancy over the 25 acres. The first respondent by his defence alleged the appellant was an employee not a tenant under the 1975 agreement; that any way the agreement was unlawful in that it lacked the consent of the second respondent the NLTB. \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid616714 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid882159\charrsid1531699 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid882159 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid882159\charrsid1531699 NLTB filed a defence denying all knowledge of the alleged agreement or any relationship of landlord and tenant between itself and the appellant and that should the applicant (appellant) have been i n occupation for sometime, it had been without NLTB's prior written consent, and that it objected. \par \par The Agricultural Tribunal found the first respondent to be an unscrupulous landlord who had exploited the appellant and made the following order- \par \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4405795 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid882159\charrsid1531699 "The Tribunal finds that the applicant is a tenant, albeit an unlawful one, because of lack of consent of the Native Land Trust Board. The applicant's tenancy is therefore declared void. It is ordered that 25 acres occupied and cultivated by the applicant be assigned to him. There will accordingly be a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 declaration that an agricultural tenancy under the provision of this Act exists, and it is directed that an instrument of tenancy be entered into by the landlord A and the tenant in a form pursuant to the provisions of this Act." \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid616714 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid28968\charrsid1531699 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 An appeal from the Agricultural Tribunal's decision to the Central Agricultural Tribunal was dismissed. It held that the declaration of tenancy and order of assignment were correctly made, stating}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid28968\charrsid1531699 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid28968\charrsid1531699 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid882159 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 "There will therefore be an order for assignment of the land comprised in the B respondent's lease. The Board will issue to him an }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12933942\charrsid1531699 instrument of tenancy for his }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 25 years." \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid616714 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 \par The Reasons for Judgment opened by referring to the decision of Dyke, J. in the Supreme Court supervisory jurisdiction "declaring null and void an award made by the Agricultural Tribunal and upheld by the Central Agricultural Tribunal". \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid28968\charrsid1531699 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 The Court noted that the grounds of appeal to it from the decision of Dyke, J. posed two questions}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid28968\charrsid1531699 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid28968\charrsid1531699 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid882159 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 (1) Can the Supreme Court exercise supervisory jurisdiction over specially created judicial institutions like the two tribunals? \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3106911 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid28968\charrsid1531699 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid882159 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 (2) Where native land is concerned, can the tribunals make an award without D making it subject to the consent of NLTB? \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid616714 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid28968\charrsid1531699 \par The Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 of Appeal stated its concurrence at once with Dy}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12933942\charrsid1531699 lke, J. that where Tribunals a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 ct beyond their powers the Supreme Court can exercise its supervisory powers to control them. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid28968\charrsid1531699 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 The second question raised the important vexed question, viz. comparing the E powers vested in NLTB by the Nativ e Land Trust Act enacted in 1940 and those vested in the two Tribunals by the Agricultural Landlord and Tenant Act (ALTA) enacted in 1966. The Court of Appeal said the former Act. Native Land Trust Act took away the power of the native owners of dealing w ith their l}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid28968\charrsid1531699 and. The NLTB was made solely r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 esponsible for controlling and administering native land for the benefit of the owners. See e.g. S.12}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid28968\charrsid1531699 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 \par \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1652843 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 "12.-(1) Except as maybe otherwise provided by regulations made hereunder, it shall not be lawful for any lessee under this Act to alienate or deal with the land comprised in his lease or any part thereof, whether by sale, transfer or sub}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid28968\charrsid1531699 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 lease or in any other manner whatsoever without the consent of the Board as lessor or head lessor first had and obtained. \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3106911 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid28968\charrsid1531699 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1652843 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 The g ranting or withholding of consent shall be in the absolute discretion of the Board, and any sale, transfer, sublease or other unlawful alienation or dealing effected without such consent shall be null and void: \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3106911 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1652843 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 Provided that nothing in this section shall make it unlawful for the lessee of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid28968\charrsid1531699 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 a residential or commercial lease granted before}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid28968\charrsid1531699 the twenty-ninth day of Sep}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 tember, 1948, to mortgage such lease. \par (Substituted by 30 of 1945, s.8, and amended by 29 of 1948, s.3.) \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3106911 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1652843 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 (2) For the purpose of this section "lease" includes a sublease and "lessee" includes a subl}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12933942\charrsid1531699 essee. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 (Inserted by 35 of 1943, s.2)." \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid616714 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid28968\charrsid1531699 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 The Court further noted that 83% of the land in Fiji is Native land}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid28968\charrsid1531699 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 NLTB has leased much of it to tenant farmers under the provisions of Native Land Trust Act. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid28968\charrsid1531699 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 In 1966 the Agricultural Landlord and Tenant Act (ALTA) was enacted for the stated purpose of providing for the relations between landlords and tenants of agricultural holdings and matters connected (See s. 4, 5 and 23 of this Act) in particular}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid28968\charrsid1531699 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1652843\charrsid1531699 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3626349 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3626349\charrsid1531699 "4.-(1) Where a person is in occupation of and is cultivating an agricultural holding and such occupation and cultivation has continued before or after the commencement of this Act for a period of not less than three years and the landlord has taken no steps to evict him, the onus shall be on the landlord to prove that such occupation was without his consent, and if the landlord fails to satisfy such onus of proof, a tenancy shall be presumed to exist under the pro- visions of this Act: \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3106911 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3626349\charrsid1531699 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3626349 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3626349\charrsid1531699 Provided that any such steps taken between the 20th day of June 1966, and the commencement of this Act shall be no bar to the operation of this sub-section. \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3106911 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3626349\charrsid1531699 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3626349 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3626349\charrsid1531699 (2) Where payment in money or in kind to a landlord by a person occupying any of the land of such landlord is proved, such payment shall, in the absence of proof to the contrary, be presumed to be rent. \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3106911 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3626349\charrsid1531699 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3626349 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3626349\charrsid1531699 5.-(1) A person who maintains that he is a tenant and whose landlord refused to accept him as such may apply to a tribunal for a declaration that he is a tenant and; if the tribunal makes such a declaration, the tenancy shall be deemed to have commenced when the tenant first occupied the land: \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3106911 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3626349\charrsid1531699 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3626349 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3626349\charrsid1531699 (2) Where an agricultural holding is held by a Fijian according to native custom, he or a person aut horised in writing by the NLTB may apply to a tribunal for a declaration that a tenancy under the provisions of this Act exist and from a date specified in such declaration, which shall not have retrospective effect, the provisions of this Act shall apply to such holding and such rent as may be assessed and fixed by the tribunal in respect thereof shall be paid to the Native Land Trust Board." \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1652843 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3626349\charrsid1531699 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3626349 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3626349\charrsid1531699 S 5 dealt specifically with alienation of native land by native owners and had no relevance to restrictions imposed upon lessees of native land-governed solely by s.12. \par \par S23(3) allows the Agricultural Tribunal upon reference to it under s.5 to declare the existence of a tenancy under that Act and that an instrument of tenancy be entered into by the landlord and tenant. \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1652843 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3626349\charrsid1531699 \par By s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4665144\charrsid1531699 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1652843\charrsid1531699 59 the provisions of sections 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 of the NLTA were made subject to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4665144\charrsid1531699 the ALTA. By a 1967 amendment s.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1652843\charrsid1531699 18(2), the Agricultural Tribunal was empowered in circumstances mentioned to declare a purported tenancy granted by a landlord void or order assignment of all or any part of the land to be assigned to a tenant. The Court said that the status of a tribunal was akin to that of a Magistrate and the Central Agricultural Tribunal (appellate in character) to that of a Judge of the Supreme Court. \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid616714 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1652843\charrsid1531699 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3626349\charrsid1531699 Held:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3626349\charrsid1531699 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 It was not for the Court to consider whether correct orders were made B under appropriate provisions of ALTA. The sole issue was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid28968\charrsid1531699 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid28968\charrsid1531699 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3626349 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 "whether it was within the pow ers of the Tribunals to make the orders they made without specifically making the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4405795\charrsid1531699 m subject to NLTB's consent....}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 did they exceed their jurisdiction by making these orders outside }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid28968\charrsid1531699 the powers conferred by ALTA."}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3626349\charrsid1531699 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4405795 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4405795\charrsid1531699 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 The Court remarked that it was odd the applica tion was dealt with under s.5 not s.18(2) of the Act. They discussed the difference of applicability of s.5 and s.18. \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid616714 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid28968\charrsid1531699 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 The issue they said was as to whether the form of orders the Tribunal was empowered to make-whether in the case of native land they must incorporate the words "subject to the consent of the Native Land Tru}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12933942\charrsid1531699 st Board". They quoted s.4 and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 s.47; the latter could only be brought into play by tenant with a contrac}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid28968\charrsid1531699 t of tenancy desiring to sublet,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 a tenant seeking a tenancy under ALTA has no contra ct and therefore no such right. His right is created by Parliament i.e. under s.4. The Tribunal is provided to, inter alia, to give effect to that right. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid28968\charrsid1531699 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 A declaration of tenancy so made will be binding on everyone including the Crown and NLTB. S.47 of AL TA places the lessee on the same basis as a lessee of E freehold }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4665144\charrsid1531699 land-and it would be absurd ...}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 to suggest that it cannot make a declaration of tenancy without making it subject to the consent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3626349\charrsid1531699 of the lessor or titleholder\'85}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 that would defeat the purpose of P arliament in enacting s.4 of the ALTA. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid28968\charrsid1531699 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3626349 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3626349\charrsid1531699 Where Tribunals act beyond their power, the Supreme Court can exercise its supervisory power to control them. The Agricultural Tribunal may make a declaration of tenancy without making it subject to the consent of the lessor or titleholder or the NLTB. \par \par Appeal allowed. \par \par Order of the Supreme Court declaring the Tribunal's award null and void set aside. \par \par Cases referred to: \par \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3626349\charrsid1531699 Re Manoa Bale}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3626349\charrsid1531699 31 FLR 89 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3626349\charrsid1531699 Dharam Lingam v. Pon Sami & Ors}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3626349\charrsid1531699 . 28 FLR 69 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3626349\charrsid1531699 K. R. Latchan v. Sunbeam Transport & Ors}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3626349\charrsid1531699 . (45, 51, 57, 61 of 1983). \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid616714 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3626349\charrsid1531699 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4666987 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4666987\charrsid1531699 MISHRA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624514\charrsid1531699 J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4666987\charrsid1531699 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4666987\charrsid1531699 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4666987 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4666987\charrsid1531699 Judgment of the Court \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4666987 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4666987\charrsid1531699 \par This is an appeal from a decision of Dyke, J. in the Supreme Court's supervisory jurisdiction, declaring null and void an award made by the Agricultural Tribunal (tribunal) and upheld by the Central Agricultural Tribunal. The learned Judge held that "the award of the tribunals can only be made subject to the consent of the Native Land Trust Board (NLTB) and the absence of such consent will make the award null and void". \par \par The grounds of appeal pose two questions:- \par \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4666987 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4666987\charrsid1531699 (1) Can the Supreme Court exercise supervis ory jurisdiction over specially created judicial institutions like the two tribunals? \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3106911 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4666987\charrsid1531699 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4666987 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4666987\charrsid1531699 (2) Where native land is concerned, can the tribunals make an award without making it subject to the consent of N.L.T.B. \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid616714 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid28968\charrsid1531699 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4666987\charrsid1531699 The fir}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 st question does not present any great d ifficulty and we concur with the learned Judge, for the reasons he has given, that, where the tribunals act beyond their powers, the Supreme Court can exercise its supervisory powers to control them. The origin of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid28968\charrsid1531699 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 jurisdiction wa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid28968\charrsid1531699 s discussed by this Court in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid28968\charrsid1531699 K.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 R. Latchan v. Sunbeam Transport & Others}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 (45, D 51, 57 & 61 of 1983) and limitations are further set out in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 Re Manoa Ba}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4405795\charrsid1531699 l}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 31 FLR 89. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid28968\charrsid1531699 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 The second question raises the important but vexed problem of comparing the powers vested i n N.L.T.B. by the Native Land Trust Act enacted in 1940 (Cap. 134) and those vested in the two tribunals by the Agricultural Landlord and Tenant Act (ALTA) enacted in 1966. (Cap. 270). \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid28968\charrsid1531699 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 The former Act takes away the power of the native owners of dealing with their land and makes }{\field\flddirty{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 HYPERLINK http://N.L.T.B.solely }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6567196\charrsid1531699 {\*\datafield 00d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b0200000003000000e0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b2e00000068007400740070003a002f002f006e002e006c002e0074002e0062002e0073006f006c0065006c0079002f0000000081000000000000000000}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs15\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 N.L.T.B. solely}}}\sectd \ltrsect\psz9\linex0\sectlinegrid272\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid1531699\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 responsible for controlling and administering native land for the benefit of the owners. Section 12 of that Act reads: \par \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4666987 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4666987\charrsid1531699 " 12.-(1) Except as may be otherwise provided by regulations made }{\field\flddirty{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4666987\charrsid1531699 HYPERLINK http://hereunder.it }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6567196\charrsid1531699 {\*\datafield 00d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b0200000003000000e0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b2a00000068007400740070003a002f002f00680065007200650075006e006400650072002e00690074002f000000009c000000000000000000}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs15\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4666987\charrsid1531699 hereunder. it}}}\sectd \ltrsect\psz9\linex0\sectlinegrid272\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid1531699\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4666987\charrsid1531699 shall not be lawful for any lessee under this Act is alienate ordeal with the land comprised in his lease or any part thereof, whether by sale, transfer or sublease or in any other manner whatsoever without the consent of the Board as lessor or head lessor first had and obtained. \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3106911 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4666987\charrsid1531699 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4666987 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4666987\charrsid1531699 The granting or withholding of consent shall be in the absolute discretion of the Board, and any sale, transfer, sublease or other unlawful alienation or dealing effected without such consent shall be null and void: \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4666987 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4666987\charrsid1531699 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4666987 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4666987\charrsid1531699 Provided that nothing in this section sh all make it unlawful for the lessee of a residential or commercial lease granted before the twenty-ninth day of September, 1948. to mortgage such lease.(Substituted by 30 of 1945. s.8. and amended by 29 of 1948. s.3.) \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4666987 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4666987\charrsid1531699 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4666987 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 (2) For the purpose of this section " lease" includes a sublease and "lessee" includes a sublessee. (Inserted by 35 of 1943. s.2)." \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid616714 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2624514 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624514\charrsid1531699 83% of the land in Fiji is native land and N.L.T.B. has leased much of it to tenant farmers under the provisions of the Native Land Trust Act and regulations made \par \par In 1966 ALTA was enacted for the stated purpose "to provide for the relations between landlords and tenants of agricultural holdings and for matters connected therewith". Section 4 and 5 and 23(3) of this Act are: \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid616714 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2624514 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624514\charrsid1531699 "4.-(1) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 Where a person is in occupation of and is cultivating an agricultural holding and such occupation and cultivation has continued before or after the commencement of this Act for a period of not le}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid28968\charrsid1531699 ss than three years and the lan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 dlord }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid28968\charrsid1531699 has taken no steps to evict him,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 the onus shall be on the landlord to prove that such occ}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid28968\charrsid1531699 upation was without his consent,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 and if the landlord fail}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid28968\charrsid1531699 s to satisfy such onus on proof,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 a tenancy shall be presumed to exist under the provisions of this Act:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624514\charrsid1531699 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid616714 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid28968\charrsid1531699 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2624514 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624514\charrsid1531699 Provided that any such steps taken between the 20th day of June 1966, and the commencement of this Act shall be no bar to the operation of this subsection. \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2624514 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624514\charrsid1531699 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2624514 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624514\charrsid1531699 (2) Where payment in money or in kind to a landlord by a person occupying any of the land of such landlord is proved, such payment }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624514\charrsid1531699 HYPERLINK http://shall.in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6567196\charrsid1531699 {\*\datafield 00d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b0200000003000000e0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b2200000068007400740070003a002f002f007300680061006c006c002e0069006e002f0000000076000000000000000000}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs15\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624514\charrsid1531699 shall, in}}}\sectd \ltrsect\psz9\linex0\sectlinegrid272\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid1531699\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624514\charrsid1531699 the absence of proof to the }{\field\flddirty{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624514\charrsid1531699 HYPERLINK http://contrary.be }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6567196\charrsid1531699 {\*\datafield 00d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b0200000003000000e0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b2800000068007400740070003a002f002f0063006f006e00740072006100720079002e00620065002f00000000ec000000000000000000}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs15\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624514\charrsid1531699 contrary. be}}}\sectd \ltrsect\psz9\linex0\sectlinegrid272\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid1531699\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624514\charrsid1531699 presumed to be rent. \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2624514 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624514\charrsid1531699 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2624514 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624514\charrsid1531699 5.-(1) A person who maintains that he is a tenant and whose landlord refused to accept him as such may apply to a tribunal for a declaration that he is a tenant and, if the tribunal makes such a declaration, the tenancy shall be deemed to have commenced when the tenant first occupied the land: \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid616714 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624514\charrsid1531699 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2624514 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 Provided that rent shall only be recoverable where the tribunal is satisfied that it is just and reasonable s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9246125\charrsid1531699 o to order.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624514\charrsid1531699 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 (Substituted by 35 of 1976. s.3.) \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid616714 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid28968\charrsid1531699 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2624514 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 (2) Where a n agricultural holding is held by a Fijian according to native custom, he or a person authorised in writing by the Native Land Trust Board may apply to a tribunal for}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid28968\charrsid1531699 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 a declaration that a tenancy under the provisions of this Act exist and from a date specified in such declaration}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid28968\charrsid1531699 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 which shal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid28968\charrsid1531699 l not have retrospective effect,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 the provisions of this Act shall apply to such holding and such rent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid28968\charrsid1531699 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 as maybe assessed and fixed by the tribunal in respect}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid28968\charrsid1531699 }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 thereof}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid28968\charrsid1531699 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 shall be paid to the Native Land Trust Board. \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid616714 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid28968\charrsid1531699 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2624514 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624514\charrsid1531699 23}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624514\charrsid1531699 (3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 ) On a reference being made to it under the provisions of section 5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid28968\charrsid1531699 , the tribunal shall,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 if it is satisfied that it is just and reasonable so to do}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid28968\charrsid1531699 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 declare that an agricultural tenancy under}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid28968\charrsid1531699 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid28968\charrsid1531699 e provisions of this Act exists,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 and direct that an instrument of tenancy be entered into by the landlord and the tenant in a form pursuant to the provisions of this Act" \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid616714 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2624514 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624514\charrsid1531699 Section 59(2) and (3) reads: \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16521778 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624514\charrsid1531699 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid16521778 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624514\charrsid1531699 "59.-(2) The provisions of sections 7. 8. 9. 10. 11 and 12 of the Native Land Trust Act and of all regulations made thereunder shall be subject to the provisions of this Act. \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16521778 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624514\charrsid1531699 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid16521778 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624514\charrsid1531699 (3) Nothing in this Act shall be construed or interpreted as validating or permitting an application to the tribunal in respect of a contract of tenancy which was or is made in contravention of any law." \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16521778 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624514\charrsid1531699 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16521778 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16521778\charrsid1531699 By an amending Act the following provisions were added in 1967: \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16521778 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16521778\charrsid1531699 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid16521778 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16521778\charrsid1531699 "18.-(2) Where a tribunal considers that any landlord or tenant is in breach of this Act or of any law, the tribunal may declare the tenancy or a purported tenancy granted by such landlord or to such tenant as aforesaid, null and void and ma~\'85. order such amount of compensation (not being compensation payable under the provisions of Part V) }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16521778\charrsid1531699 HYPERLINK http: //paid.as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6567196\charrsid1531699 {\*\datafield 00d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b0200000003000000e0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b2000000068007400740070003a002f002f0070006100690064002e00610073002f0000000029000000000000000000}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs15\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16521778\charrsid1531699 paid, as}}}\sectd \ltrsect\psz9\linex0\sectlinegrid272\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid1531699\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16521778\charrsid1531699 it shall think }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16521778\charrsid1531699 HYPERLINK http://fit.by }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6567196\charrsid1531699 {\*\datafield 00d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b0200000003000000e0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b1e00000068007400740070003a002f002f006600690074002e00620079002f000000000e000000000000000000}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs15\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16521778\charrsid1531699 fit, by}}}\sectd \ltrsect\psz9\linex0\sectlinegrid272\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid1531699\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16521778\charrsid1531699 the landlord or by the }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16521778\charrsid1531699 HYPERLINK http://tenant.as } {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6567196\charrsid1531699 {\*\datafield 00d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b0200000003000000e0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b2400000068007400740070003a002f002f00740065006e0061006e0074002e00610073002f00000000d4000000000000000000}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs15\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16521778\charrsid1531699 tenant, as}}}\sectd \ltrsect\psz9\linex0\sectlinegrid272\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid1531699\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16521778\charrsid1531699 the case may be, and may order all or part of the agricultural land the subject of an unlawful tenancy to be assigned to any tenant or may make any determination or order that a tribunal may make under the provisions of this Act. \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16521778 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16521778\charrsid1531699 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid16521778 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16521778\charrsid1531699 (3) Any application to a tribunal for a declaration. for compensation or for the ordering of the making of an assignment or other order or determination under s ubsection (2) may be made notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (3) objection 59 but nothing contained herein shall be deemed to permit the ordering or making of an assignment in breach of the provisions of the subdivision of Land Act or which would otherwise be unlawful." \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid616714 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16521778\charrsid1531699 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16521778 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16521778\charrsid1531699 The status of a tribunal is akin to that of a magistrate and that of the Central Agricultural Tribunal (appellate in character) to that of a judge of the Supreme Court. \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid616714 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16521778\charrsid1531699 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 The tribunal has all the powers of a Magistrate's Court and determines its own procedure. In practice references to it arc made on printed forms on which the applicant inserts the required information and the relief sought. Where native land is concerned }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 HYPERLINK http://NUT.B.is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6567196\charrsid1531699 {\*\datafield 00d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b0200000003000000e0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b2200000068007400740070003a002f002f006e00750074002e0062002e00690073002f000000009d000000000000000000}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs15\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid28968\charrsid1531699 N.L.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs15\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 T.B. is}}}\sectd \ltrsect \psz9\linex0\sectlinegrid272\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid1531699\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 always made a party even where the dispute is between the app}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid28968\charrsid1531699 licant and a lessee of N.L.T.B.'}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 s and N.L.T.B. is not directly involved. \par \par The first respondent in this case holds 194 acres under a lease granted to him by N.L.T.B. In 1975 he entered into an agreement with the appellant in contravention of section 12 of the Native Land Trust Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid28968\charrsid1531699 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 under which the appellant was to cultivate an area on 25 acres for 10 years. He has given other lots to other persons under similar agreements and does not cultivate an}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid28968\charrsid1531699 y pa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 rt}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid28968\charrsid1531699 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid28968\charrsid1531699 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 the land himself. A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid28968\charrsid1531699 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 dispute arose and he applied for an eviction order against the appellant who referred the matter to the tribunal. On the printed form he sought "declaration of tenancy and order}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid28968\charrsid1531699 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 of assignment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid28968\charrsid1531699 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 "without further }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 HYPERLINK http://particulars.it }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6567196\charrsid1531699 {\*\datafield 00d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b0200000003000000e0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b2e00000068007400740070003a002f002f0070006100720074006900630075006c006100720073002e00690074002f000000005e000000000000000000}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs15\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 particulars}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs15\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid28968\charrsid1531699 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs15\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 it}}}\sectd \ltrsect\psz9\linex0\sectlinegrid272\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid1531699\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 became clear}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid28968\charrsid1531699 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 at the hearin}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid28968\charrsid1531699 g, however,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 that he was seeking and order that would give him a tenancy over the 25 acres he had been cultivatin}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid28968\charrsid1531699 g}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 since 1975. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid28968\charrsid1531699 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 The first respondent in his defence alleged that the appellant was a mere}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid28968\charrsid1531699 employee,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 not a tenant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid28968\charrsid1531699 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 under the agreement of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid28968\charrsid1531699 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 _') 1st August 1975}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid28968\charrsid1531699 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 and }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 HYPERLINK http://that.in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6567196\charrsid1531699 {\*\datafield 00d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b0200000003000000e0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b2000000068007400740070003a002f002f0074006800610074002e0069006e002f00000000be000000000000000000}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs15\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs15\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid28968\charrsid1531699 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs15\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 in}}}\sectd \ltrsect\psz9\linex0\sectlinegrid272\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid1531699\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 any case}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid28968\charrsid1531699 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 the agreement was unlawful in that it lacked N.L.T.B.'s }{\field\flddirty{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 HYPERLINK http://consent.N.L.T.B.also }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6567196\charrsid1531699 {\*\datafield 00d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b0200000003000000e0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b3a00000068007400740070003a002f002f0063006f006e00730065006e0074002e006e002e006c002e0074002e0062002e0061006c0073006f002f000000007e000000000000000000}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs15\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 consent. N.L.T.B. also}}}\sectd \ltrsect\psz9\linex0\sectlinegrid272\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid1531699\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 filed a defence in which it denied all knowledge of the alleged agreement or any landlord-tenant relationship between itself and the appellant. In paragraph 3 it said: \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10317660\charrsid1531699 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16521778 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10317660\charrsid1531699 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 3. That should the applicant have been in occupation of the land for some time}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10317660\charrsid1531699 ,}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 then such occupatio}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10317660\charrsid1531699 n was (and is) without the NLTB'}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 s prior written consent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10317660\charrsid1531699 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 the NLT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10317660\charrsid1531699 B objects to such occupation."}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid616714 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10317660\charrsid1531699 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 The tribunal found the first respondent to bean unscrupulous landlord who had exploited the appellant and made the following order: \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10317660\charrsid1531699 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16521778 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 "The Tribunal finds}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10317660\charrsid1531699 that the applicant is a tenant,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 albeit an unlawful one}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10317660\charrsid1531699 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 because of lack of consent of the Native Land T rust Board. The applicant's tenancy is therefore declared void. It is ordered that 25 acres occupied and cultivated by the applicant be assigned to him. There will accordingly be a declaration that an agricultural tenancy under t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10317660\charrsid1531699 he provision of this Act exists,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 and it is directed that an instrument of tenancy be entered into by the landlord and the tenant in a form pursuant to the provisions of this Act \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid616714 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10317660\charrsid1531699 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 At the hearing NLTB's objection to assignment was based largely on the uneconomic nature of the land in question if converted into an agricultural holding. The evidence of a field officer of Fiji Sugar Corporation which purchased sugar cane crown on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10317660\charrsid1531699 this area,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 however, was to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10317660\charrsid1531699 the contrary, he asserting that,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 if}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10317660\charrsid1531699 }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 worked well}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10317660\charrsid1531699 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 the land could produce 225 tons of cane per year. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10317660\charrsid1531699 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 An appeal from the tribunal's decision to the Central Agricultural Tribunal was dismissed. The latter tribunal held that the declaration of tenancy and order of assignment were correctly made and said: \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10317660\charrsid1531699 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16521778 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 "There will}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10317660\charrsid1531699 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 therefore, be an order for assignment of the land comprised in the respondent's lease. The Board will issue to him an instrument of tenancy for his 25 years." \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid616714 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10317660\charrsid1531699 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 It is not for this court to consider whether correct orders were made under the appropriate provisions of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10317660\charrsid1531699 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 ALTA, the sole issue here }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10317660\charrsid1531699 being whether it was within the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 powers of the tribunals to make the orders that they made without specifically making them subject to NLTB's consent that is to say}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10317660\charrsid1531699 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 did they exceed their jurisdiction by making those orders outside the powers conferred upon them by ALTA? \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10317660\charrsid1531699 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 The application was dealt with under section 18(2) of the Act and not under section (5) which, to us, seems odd. This is particularly so when there is no provision for}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10317660\charrsid1531699 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 a declaration of tenan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10317660\charrsid1531699 c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 y under section 18 the only decl}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10317660\charrsid1531699 aration available on applica}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 tion being that of nullity of a contract of tenancy granted by the landlord. It seems to us that neither party was relying on the agreement of 197}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10317660\charrsid1531699 5 or claiming anything under it,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 its sole purpose being to prove that the appellant had been occupying and cultivating}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10317660\charrsid1531699 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 the land with the knowledge of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10317660\charrsid1531699 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 the first respondent for more than 3 years for purposes of sections 4 and 5. In fact when the tribunal did come to declare a tenancy it did so exactly in terms of section 23(3) which relat es only to a section 5 application. This was recognised by the learned Judge also when he said: \par \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16521778 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 "And in this case the tribunals dealt with the application on the basis that the respondent had been occupying and cultivating the land for over 3 years and thus acquired a possible tenancy under section 4 of ALTA. \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid616714 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10317660\charrsid1531699 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 It}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10317660\charrsid1531699 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 is true that a person who is occupying and cultivating land under an unlawful agreement may nevertheless qualify for a declaration of tenancy if he satisfies the requirements of section 4 but he would then be applying under section 5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10317660\charrsid1531699 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 and not}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10317660\charrsid1531699 under the agreement,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 whose contents would be mere evidence to establish those requirements. In such circumstances section 18(2) and (3) would appear to have little relevance as it would be pointless to have declared null and v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10317660\charrsid1531699 oid an agreement under which no }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 claim is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10317660\charrsid1531699 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 or can be}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10317660\charrsid1531699 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 made. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10317660\charrsid1531699 \par For instance,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 where an agreement to lease native land made in contravention of section 12 of the Native Land Trust Act which is void by statute is declared void under section 18(2) of }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 HYPERLINK http://ALTA.no }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6567196\charrsid1531699 {\*\datafield 00d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b0200000003000000e0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b2000000068007400740070003a002f002f0061006c00740061002e006e006f002f00000000aa000000000000000000}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs15\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10317660\charrsid1531699 ALTA,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs15\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 no}}}\sectd \ltrsect \psz9\linex0\sectlinegrid272\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid1531699\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 compensation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10317660\charrsid1531699 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 assignment or relief of any other}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10317660\charrsid1531699 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 kind is possible if}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10317660\charrsid1531699 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 the period of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10317660\charrsid1531699 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 occupation is less than thr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9246125\charrsid1531699 ee years. The right to relief }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 arises from entitlement to a declara}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10317660\charrsid1531699 tion of tenancy under section 4,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 not under the agreement}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10317660\charrsid1531699 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 which being void can confer no rights. Its only }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 HYPERLINK http://relevance.as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6567196\charrsid1531699 {\*\datafield 00d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b0200000003000000e0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b2a00000068007400740070003a002f002f00720065006c006500760061006e00630065002e00610073002f0000000043000000000000000000}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs15\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10317660\charrsid1531699 relevance,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs15\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 as}}}\sectd \ltrsect \psz9\linex0\sectlinegrid272\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid1531699\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 we have said}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10317660\charrsid1531699 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 would be }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 HYPERLINK http://evidentiarx.to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6567196\charrsid1531699 {\*\datafield 00d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b0200000003000000e0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b2e00000068007400740070003a002f002f00650076006900640065006e00740069006100720078002e0074006f002f000000003a000000000000000000}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs15\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 evidentiar}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs15\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10317660\charrsid1531699 y,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs15\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 to}}}\sectd \ltrsect\psz9\linex0\sectlinegrid272\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid1531699\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 show if the requirements of section 4 have been satisfied. If}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10317660\charrsid1531699 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 however}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10317660\charrsid1531699 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 the agreement was one that would be valid but}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10317660\charrsid1531699 for some breach or illegality on the part done party,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 claims might arise under the agreement itself after its avoidance by the other party to it}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10317660\charrsid1531699 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 or by some other tenant having intere st in the subject land. \par \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16521778 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16521778\charrsid1531699 A statute does }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst { \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16521778\charrsid1531699 HYPERLINK http://not.as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6567196\charrsid1531699 {\*\datafield 00d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b0200000003000000e0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b1e00000068007400740070003a002f002f006e006f0074002e00610073002f0000000099000000000000000000}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs15\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16521778\charrsid1531699 not, as}}}\sectd \ltrsect\psz9\linex0\sectlinegrid272\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid1531699\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16521778\charrsid1531699 a rule, duplicate powers. In ALTA power to declare a tenancy on grounds of occupation and cultivation al ready existed when subsections 18(2) and (3) were added to i t. Their purpose must, therefore, have been to deal with a situation for which no provisio n had been made in the Act as it then stood and the power conferred by them cannot be treated as aiming merely at declaring null and void what is already null and void by another statute. That would be a pure formality. Construction of these provisions as a whole indicate a contract capable of sustaining a claim unless declared invalid at the application of an interested party which may include the landlord, "the tenant" under the contract, or "any tenant". Among the possible situations it certainly envisages one where more than one tenant may have a claim over the whole or part of the subject land, for instance where the whole land is claimed by "the tenant" under the agreement produced, whole or part of it is claimed by someone claiming tenancy under some other agreement or whole or part of it is claimed by a person claiming a declaration of tenancy under section 4. There may, of }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16521778\charrsid1531699 HYPERLINK http://course.be }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6567196\charrsid1531699 {\*\datafield 00d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b0200000003000000e0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b2400000068007400740070003a002f002f0063006f0075007200730065002e00620065002f0000000038000000000000000000}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs15\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16521778\charrsid1531699 course, be}}}\sectd \ltrsect\psz9\linex0\sectlinegrid272\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid1531699\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16521778\charrsid1531699 situations where there is only one tenant alleging breaches of the provisions (such as section 11(1) of ALTA itself) or of some other law which, if established, may avoid the contract. The power to make a variety of orders is clearly intended to meet claims of different kinds. \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid616714 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16521778\charrsid1531699 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 Where}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10317660\charrsid1531699 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 on the other hand}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10317660\charrsid1531699 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 a declaration of tenancy is made under section (5).no ord}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10317660\charrsid1531699 er can be made for compensation,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 or for assignment of land. The tenant automatically becomes a tenant from the date he first occupied the land and the only order that is made under section 23(3) is for the landlord to enter into a contract of tenancy. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10317660\charrsid1531699 \par We have not attempted,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 nor do the issues before us call }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 HYPERLINK http://for.an }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6567196\charrsid1531699 {\*\datafield 00d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b0200000003000000e0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b1e00000068007400740070003a002f002f0066006f0072002e0061006e002f0000000020000000000000000000}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs15\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 for}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs15\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10317660\charrsid1531699 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs15\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 an}}}\sectd \ltrsect\psz9\linex0\sectlinegrid272\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid1531699\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 exhaustive construction}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10317660\charrsid1531699 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10317660\charrsid1531699 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 these}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10317660\charrsid1531699 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 provisions}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10317660\charrsid1531699 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10317660\charrsid1531699 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 our}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10317660\charrsid1531699 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 comments}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10317660\charrsid1531699 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 are}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10317660\charrsid1531699 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 intended}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10317660\charrsid1531699 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 mer}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10317660\charrsid1531699 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 ly}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10317660\charrsid1531699 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10317660\charrsid1531699 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 express}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10317660\charrsid1531699 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 what appears to us to be the reason for enactment of section 18(2) and (3). \par \par The issue in this appeal is a narrow one concerning solely the form of orders the tribunal is empowered to make viz}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10317660\charrsid1531699 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 whether they must in case of native land incorporate the words "subject to the consent of the Native Land Trust Board". \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10317660\charrsid1531699 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15037094 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 Sections 46 and 47 of ALTA provide: \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid616714 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10317660\charrsid1531699 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15037094 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 "46. A tenant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10317660\charrsid1531699 of an agricultural holding may,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 with the consent of his landlord}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10317660\charrsid1531699 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 which shall not be unreasonably withheld}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10317660\charrsid1531699 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 assign his contract of tenancy. \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15037094 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10317660\charrsid1531699 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15037094 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 47.-( 1) Where a tenant claims that his landlord has unreasonably withheld consent to the subletting of his holding or the assigning of his contract of tenancy, such tenant may make application in writing to the tribunal for an order consenting to the sublettin g or assignment, as the case may be. \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15037094 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10317660\charrsid1531699 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15037094 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 (2) If the tribunal considers that the consent of the landlord has been unreasonably withheld the tribunal shall give its consent thereto and such order shall take effect as if it we}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10317660\charrsid1531699 re the consent of the landlord:"}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid616714 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10317660\charrsid1531699 \par NLTB is,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 by definition}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10317660\charrsid1531699 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 landlord in respect}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10317660\charrsid1531699 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 of agricultural land for}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10317660\charrsid1531699 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 which it is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10317660\charrsid1531699 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 entitled to receive rents and profits. Learned Counsel for NLTB concedes that by virtue of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10317660\charrsid1531699 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 these provisions, the absolute discretion veste}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10317660\charrsid1531699 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 in NLTB by section 12}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10317660\charrsid1531699 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10317660\charrsid1531699 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 the Native La nd Trust Act no longer applies to agricultural holdings but submits that section 47 can be brought into operat}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5119666\charrsid1531699 ion only by the tenant (in this}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 case }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 HYPERLINK http://the.fi }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6567196\charrsid1531699 {\*\datafield 00d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b0200000003000000e0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b1e00000068007400740070003a002f002f007400680065002e00660069002f0000000000000000000000000000}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs15\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 the fi}}}\sectd \ltrsect\psz9\linex0\sectlinegrid272\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid1531699\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 rst. respondent) and that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5119666\charrsid1531699 he has made no such application. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 The}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5119666\charrsid1531699 appellant, not being a tenant of NLTB's, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 cannot invoke the tribunal'}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5119666\charrsid1531699 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 jurisdiction under that section. Counsel for the first respondent supports this contention. \par \par We accept the submission that section 47 is confined to cases where application is made by a tenant who has a contract of tenancy and wishes to sub-let. The right to sublet}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2043671\charrsid1531699 there arises under a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 contract which}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2043671\charrsid1531699 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 like}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2043671\charrsid1531699 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 most}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2043671\charrsid1531699 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 such}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2043671\charrsid1531699 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 contracts}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2043671\charrsid1531699 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 requires}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2043671\charrsid1531699 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 that the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2043671\charrsid1531699 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 restraint placed on that right shall not be unreasonably enforced. Normally, in case of a dispute}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2043671\charrsid1531699 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 courts would be the judges of reasonableness. In case of agricultural, holdings, however, that power is taken away from the courts and vested in the tribunal . NLTB's absolute power under section 12 of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2043671\charrsid1531699 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 Native Land}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2043671\charrsid1531699 Trust Act has also been, by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 the same provisions, subjected to the test of reasonableness. But the right in all such cases arise from contract. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2043671\charrsid1531699 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2043671\charrsid1531699 person seeking a declaration }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 of tenancy}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2043671\charrsid1531699 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 unde}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2043671\charrsid1531699 r }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9246125\charrsid1531699 AL}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 TA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2043671\charrsid1531699 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 however}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2043671\charrsid1531699 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 has}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2043671\charrsid1531699 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 no}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2043671\charrsid1531699 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 contrac}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6711275\charrsid1531699 t and, therefore, no right so ari}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 sing. His right to a tenancy is created not by any agreement but, under section 4 of }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 HYPERLINK http://ALTA.by }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6567196\charrsid1531699 {\*\datafield 00d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b0200000003000000e0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b2000000068007400740070003a002f002f0061006c00740061002e00620079002f0000000000000000000000000000}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs15\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2043671\charrsid1531699 ALTA,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs15\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 by}}}\sectd \ltrsect \psz9\linex0\sectlinegrid272\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid1531699\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 Parliament itself, the ultimate repository of all power. The tribunal is merely the machinery to give effe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2043671\charrsid1531699 ct to that right. Section 23(3) }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 requires that it}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2043671\charrsid1531699 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 shall declare a tenancy and direct that a cont}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2043671\charrsid1531699 ract of tenancy be entered into,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 but only where it considers it just and reasonable so to do. For }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 HYPERLINK http://instance.it }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6567196\charrsid1531699 {\*\datafield 00d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b0200000003000000e0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b2800000068007400740070003a002f002f0069006e007300740061006e00630065002e00690074002f0000000000000000000000000000}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs15\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2043671\charrsid1531699 instance,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs15\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 it}}}\sectd \ltrsect \psz9\linex0\sectlinegrid272\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid1531699\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 would not be obliged to give effect to that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2043671\charrsid1531699 statutory right, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 if the application}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2043671\charrsid1531699 i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 s tainted}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2043671\charrsid1531699 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 with}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2043671\charrsid1531699 fraud, collusion or an attempt }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2043671\charrsid1531699 frustrate the intent of ALTA, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 the Native Land Trust Act, the Crown Lands}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2043671\charrsid1531699 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2043671\charrsid1531699 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 or}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2043671\charrsid1531699 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 some other}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2043671\charrsid1531699 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 law. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2043671\charrsid1531699 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 When after a hearing the trib}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2104429\charrsid1531699 unal,}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 the ultimate judge of reasonableness}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2104429\charrsid1531699 ,}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 does make}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2104429\charrsid1531699 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 a declaration}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2104429\charrsid1531699 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 the }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 HYPERLINK http://Parliament.in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6567196\charrsid1531699 {\*\datafield 00d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b0200000003000000e0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b2c00000068007400740070003a002f002f007000610072006c00690061006d0065006e0074002e0069006e002f0000000000000000000000000000}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs15\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 Parliament}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs15\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2104429\charrsid1531699 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs15\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 in}}}\sectd \ltrsect\psz9\linex0\sectlinegrid272\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid1531699\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 our view}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2104429\charrsid1531699 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 must}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2104429\charrsid1531699 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 be}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2104429\charrsid1531699 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 taken}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2104429\charrsid1531699 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 to have intended that such a declaration of a statutory right be binding upon everyone including the Crown}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2104429\charrsid1531699 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 NLTB, or any other holder of title. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2104429\charrsid1531699 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 Section 47 of ALTA places the lessee of native land on the same footing as the lessee of freehold land who may not sublet without the consent of the lessor. In neither case the consent may be unreasonably wit hheld. In that regard the difference between native land, Crown land and freehold land disappears and the requirements as to the orders made }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14490791\charrsid1531699 by the tribunal must, therefore,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 also be the same. It would be }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 HYPERLINK http://absurd.in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6567196\charrsid1531699 {\*\datafield 00d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b0200000003000000e0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b2400000068007400740070003a002f002f006100620073007500720064002e0069006e002f0000000000000000000000000000}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs15\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 absurd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs15\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14490791\charrsid1531699 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs15\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 in}}}\sectd \ltrsect\psz9\linex0\sectlinegrid272\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid1531699\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 our }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 HYPERLINK http://view.to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6567196\charrsid1531699 {\*\datafield 00d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b0200000003000000e0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b2000000068007400740070003a002f002f0076006900650077002e0074006f002f0000000000000000000000000000}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs15\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14490791\charrsid1531699 view,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs15\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 to}}}\sectd \ltrsect \psz9\linex0\sectlinegrid272\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid1531699\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 suggest that it cannot make a declaration of tenancy in any case at all without making it subject to the consen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14490791\charrsid1531699 t of the lessor, or titleholder,}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 for that would defeat the very purpose of Parliament in enacting section 4 of ALTA which envisages a sublease against the wishes of the landlord. The legal effect of a declaration under section 23(3) is to make, from that very moment, the presumed tenant under section 4 of th e actual sublessee of the subject land be it native. Crown or freehold and no order for possession can thereafter be made against him on the basis of title. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14490791\charrsid1531699 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 The rest is mere machinery of documentation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14490791\charrsid1531699 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 se}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14490791\charrsid1531699 ction 8 requiring, the landlord,}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 on pain of }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 HYPERLI NK http://punishment.to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6567196\charrsid1531699 {\*\datafield 00d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b0200000003000000e0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b2c00000068007400740070003a002f002f00700075006e006900730068006d0065006e0074002e0074006f002f0000000000000000000000000000}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs15\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14490791\charrsid1531699 punishment,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs15\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 to}}}\sectd \ltrsect \psz9\linex0\sectlinegrid272\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid1531699\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 give a valid registrable instrument of tenancy amounting to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14490791\charrsid1531699 a sublease. In this regard, too,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 there is no difference between a lessor of native and that of any other land. \par \par Learned Counsel for the first respondent refers to section 5 of the Native Lan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14490791\charrsid1531699 d }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 Trust}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14490791\charrsid1531699 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 Act which prohibits the native owners from}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14490791\charrsid1531699 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 alienating their land and provides in subsection (2): \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14490791\charrsid1531699 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15037094 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 "(2) All instruments purporti ng to transfer, charge or encumber, any native land or any estate or interest therein to which the consent of the Board}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14490791\charrsid1531699 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 has not been first}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14490791\charrsid1531699 given}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 shall}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14490791\charrsid1531699 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 be}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14490791\charrsid1531699 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 null and void:" \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid616714 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14490791\charrsid1531699 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 This section, he says, has not been made subject to ALTA by section 59(2) of the Act and must}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14490791\charrsid1531699 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 therefore}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14490791\charrsid1531699 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 operate to invalidate the orders made by the tribunals. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14490791\charrsid1531699 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15037094 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037094\charrsid1531699 We do not agree. Section 5 deals specifically with alienation of native land by native owners and has no relevant to restrictions imposed upon lessees of native land which is governed solely by section 12. \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid616714 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037094\charrsid1531699 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15037094 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037094\charrsid1531699 In respect of the order of assignment of land under}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15358839\charrsid1531699 section 18(2) counsel for the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037094\charrsid1531699 first respondent draws attention to section 18(3) wherein occur the words "nothing contained herein shall be deemed to permit the ordering or making an assignment in breach of the provisions of the subdivision of Land Actor which would otherwise be unlawful" and submits that an order of assignment without endorsement of NLTB's consent being in itself unlawful the tribunal was barred from making it in the form it did. We, however, accept the construction given to the words "which would otherwise be unlawful" by the Central Agricultural Tribunal viz. the order which w ould be unlawful but for the fact that section 59(2) of ALTA requires section 12 of the Native Land Trust Act to be read subject to its own provisions. \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid616714 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037094\charrsid1531699 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15037094 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037094\charrsid1531699 The need for making an order of assignment would, in our view, have been obviated if this case were dealt with entirely under sections 4 and 5 without recourse to section 18(2). The learned Judge held, and we concur, that the declaration of tenancy was based on entitlement under section 4. If so, the instrument of tenancy entered into by the landlord and tenant would in any case give the tenant the whole of 25 acres he was claiming making it unnecessary to make any other order. \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid616714 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037094\charrsid1531699 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15037094 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037094\charrsid1531699 Our attention has been drawn to the wording of the Central Agricultural Tribunal's order which names NLTB itself instead of the landlord (the first respondent) against whom the reference to the tribunal was made. In view of what we have said in the preceding paragraph the variation, if any, between the two orders does not appear to pose any real difficulty in the way of implementation. The matter however, lay entirely within the province of the two tribunals and does not call for adjudication from this court. \par \par Reference was made both the tribunals, as well as by the learned Judge, to this court's judgment in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037094\charrsid1531699 Dharam Lingam v. Ponsami & Others}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037094\charrsid1531699 (28 FLR 69). All we wish to say is that in that appeal, argument was not directed to, nor adjudication sought on, the issue now before us, the sole question in that case being whether or not there was an arguable issue to go to the tribunal. The cou rt there did not consider the extent, if any, to which the powers conferred by ALTA were restricted by the operation of the Native Land Trust Act. \par \par There is one matter which perhaps, needs mentioning. The learned Judge correctly held that the appellant's entitlement arose under section 4 of ALTA and the declaration of tenancy was, therefore, made pursuant to section 23(3) making the appellant a sub-lessee of the first respondent's. If the wording of the Central Agricultural Tribunal's order was intended to vary the tribunal's order so as to make the appellant a lessee of NLTB's, }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037094\charrsid1531699 HYPERLINK http://that.in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6567196\charrsid1531699 {\*\datafield 00d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b0200000003000000e0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b2000000068007400740070003a002f002f0074006800610074002e0069006e002f0000000000000000000000000000}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs15\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037094\charrsid1531699 that, in}}}\sectd \ltrsect\psz9\linex0\sectlinegrid272\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid1531699\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037094\charrsid1531699 our view, would be inconsistent with the intent of sections 4, 5 and 23(3) of ALTA. \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid616714 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037094\charrsid1531699 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 This}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14490791\charrsid1531699 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 matter, however, falls outside the scope of this appeal a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14490791\charrsid1531699 nd no order was sought in that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 regard. Any clarification, should it be necessary, can no doubt be}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14490791\charrsid1531699 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 sought from the tribunals themselves. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14490791\charrsid1531699 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 The appeal is allowed and the order of the Supreme Court declaring}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14490791\charrsid1531699 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 he tribunals' award}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14490791\charrsid1531699 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 null}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14490791\charrsid1531699 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 and void is set aside. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14490791\charrsid1531699 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 The appellant will have the costs of this appeal to be taxed in default of agreement. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14490791\charrsid1531699 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3279530\charrsid1531699 Appeal allowed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14616931\charrsid1531699 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 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