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\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6 \pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \qr \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5449445 \fs20\lang1033\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp5129 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5449445\charrsid5449445 [}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5449445 1985] 31 FLR 81}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5449445\charrsid5449445 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5449445 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5449445\charrsid1206555 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11756905 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11756905 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF FIJI}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11756905 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11756905\charrsid1206555 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5449445 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11756905 R}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5449445 . }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11756905\charrsid16131372 v}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5449445 .}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5449445 }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11756905 UNIVERSITY OF THE SOUTH PACIFIC \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11756905 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11756905\charrsid1206555 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11756905 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11756905 EX PARTE MALAKAI TUIULUPONA \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11756905 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11756905\charrsid11756905 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11756905 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 [SUPREME COURT}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1206555 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11756905 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1206555 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11756905 Kermode, J., 17 July 1985}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15866544 .}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11756905 ]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11756905 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11756905\charrsid11756905 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11756905 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 Civil Jurisdiction}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11756905 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11756905\charrsid11756905 \par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 (Judicial Review Disciplinary Committee of University of the South Pacific}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1206555 }{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11756905\charrsid11756905 -}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1206555 }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11756905 enquiry into }{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1206555 '}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11756905 misconduct}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1206555 '}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 procedures followed not fair}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1206555 }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11756905\charrsid11756905 -}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1206555 }{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 names of witnesses not disclosed prejudicial statement during proceeding}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1206555 }{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11756905\charrsid11756905 -}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1206555 }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 observations on procedure which might be followed in future inquiries.) \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11756905\charrsid11756905 \par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 S. Singh}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 for the Appellant. \par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 D. C. Maharaj}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 for the Respondent.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11756905\charrsid11756905 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 Application for an order quashing a decision of 23 May 1985 of the Disciplinary Committee of the University of the South Pacific to exclude the applicant from the University for the remainder of 1985.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11756905\charrsid11756905 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7552160\charrsid11756905 Appellant had been charged with fighti}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7552160 ng and injuring one Tevita Ofa. }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7552160\charrsid11756905 The}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 Committee enquired into the complaint and imposed the penalty of exclusion.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11756905\charrsid11756905 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 The applicant pursuant to Regulation 9 of the Disciplinary Regulations appealed against this penalty by the Committee; his appeal was dismissed.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11756905\charrsid11756905 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 The applicant now contended that the proceedings before the Committee were a nullity because there was a breach of natural justice in that he was not given any opportunity to cross examine witnesses or hear the evidence against}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1206555 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 him: further that the Committee took into account irrelevant matters and received evidence in camera against him.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11756905\charrsid11756905 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 Under the Fiji Constitution S.10 a person charged with a criminal offence must he given a fair hearing.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11756905\charrsid11756905 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 Subsection (2)}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid15866544 (e) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 provided such person:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11756905\charrsid11756905 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11756905 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1206555 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 shall }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15866544 b}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 e afforded facilities to examine in person or by his legal representative the witnesses called by the prosecution before any court.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1206555 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11756905 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11756905\charrsid11756905 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 It further provided that except with consent the trial shall not take place in his absence unless his conduct rendered continuation of it in his presence impracticable. \par \par The proceedings before the Committee were in the nature of a trial with witnesses called and examined and the appellant facing a charge of}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11756905 criminal nature. Theref}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 ore the basic principles of}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11756905 natural}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 justice and fair}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11756905 play w}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 ere required to give a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11756905 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 fair hearing. \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11756905 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 The procedure referred to by the Vice}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11756905 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 Chancellor in his affidavit indicated applicant was called first, but was not present when the witnesses against him gave evidence. It was the practice not to disclose the names of witnesses. So applicant did not at the time know who were the witnesses. \par \par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11756905\charrsid11756905 Held:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11756905 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 The Committee was not authorised to }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1206555 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 try}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1206555 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 a criminal offence. Where a criminal offence was alleged the matter should have been reported to the Police; if they did not take action or if a conviction followed, the Committee could then have}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11756905 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 been directed by its Chairman to enquire if there had been }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1206555 '}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 misconduct}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1206555 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 as defined in S.5. \par \par The inquiry which was held could not be considered fair. The procedure would permit a person with a grudge to make statements which the applicant could not be permitted to correct or controvert; and he would not know}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11756905 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 who made the statements.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11756905\charrsid11756905 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 Another serious breach was a highly prejudicial comment made in the proceedings by the Director of Community Services about the applicant not relevant to the issue of deciding his guilt.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 \par The Committee also chose to ignore the evidence of a sub}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11756905 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 warden, an independent witness whose evidence was such that a court of Law would not be satisfied beyond reasonable doubt, the standar}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11756905 d required in a criminal action}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15866544 that applicant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 had punched another student.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11756905\charrsid11756905 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 Observations on changes to inquiry procedure to be followed in future.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11756905\charrsid11756905 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 Decision of the Disciplinary Committee of 3 M}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11756905 ay 1985 excluding the applicant from the }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 University quashed.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11756905\charrsid11756905 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 Any later confirmation of that decision declared to be a nullity.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11756905\charrsid11756905 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 Cases referred to:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11756905\charrsid11756905 \par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 University of Ceylon v. Fernando}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11756905 (1960) 1 All E.R. 631. \par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 De Verleuil v. Knaggs}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15866544 (1918) A.C. 557.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 \par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 Glynn v. Keefe University}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 (1971) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15866544 1}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 N.Z.L.R. 487. \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11756905 \par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 KERMODE. Mr Justice. \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11756905 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11756905 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 Judgment}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11756905 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11756905\charrsid1206555 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 The applicant seeks an order quashing the decision dated the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11756905 23rd of May,}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 1985 of the Disciplinary Committee of the University of the South Pacific to exclude the applicant from the University for the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11756905 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 remainder of 1985.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11756905\charrsid11756905 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 The applicant pursuant to Regulation 9 of the Disciplinary Regulations appealed against the penalty imposed on him by Committee. His appeal was dismissed. \par \par He now}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11756905 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 claims that the proceedings before the Committee were a nullity because there}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11756905 w}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 as a }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15866544 b}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 reach of natural justice in that he was not given any opportunity to cross}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11756905 -}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 examine the witnesses or hear}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11756905 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 the evidence against him. He further}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11756905 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 complains}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2574115 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 that the Committee took into account irrelevant matters and received evidence }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1206555 "}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 in camera}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1206555 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 against him.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2574115\charrsid11756905 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 The applicant was apparently charged with fighting and }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2574115 injuring one Tevita Ofa on the 10}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 th March, 1985. The Regulations do not require a formal charge. The }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2574115 Com}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 mittee enquires into complaints against students and is empowered to impose the penalties listed in Regulation 7(1). There are 8 of them ranging from a reprimand to }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2574115\charrsid11756905 expulsion}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 from the University.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2574115\charrsid11756905 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 The first observation I would make is that where a student is alleged to have been assaulted and injured a criminal offence has been committed and the University}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1206555 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 s duty is to report the matter to the police. The evidence before me does not indicate}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7688 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 the nature of Tevita Ofa}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1206555 '}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 s injury but it was the result of an assault on him. If the police decide to take action and the student is convicted the Committee is not precluded from taking disciplinary action for breach of any of the Regulations of the Univer sity if it considers the student should be expelled or suspended or otherwise dealt with in respect of his actions which led to his conviction. \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7688 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 The University for reasons I shall refer to later has adopted a procedure when inquiring into complaints of misconduct which appears to ignore basic principles of natural justice. \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7688 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 One of those principles is a fair hearing. \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7688 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 Under section 10 of the Fiji Constitution a person charged with a criminal offence must be given a fair hearing by an independent and impartial court estab}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7688 lished by law. Subsection (2)}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7688\charrsid7688 (}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid7688 e)}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 of this section provides that every person charged with a criminal offence:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7688 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7688\charrsid11756905 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7688 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1206555 "}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid7688 (e) }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 shall be afforded facilities to examine in person or by his legal representative the witnesses called by the prosecution before any court.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1206555 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11756905 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 \par The subsection concludes that except with his consent the trial shall not take place in his absence unless his conduct renders continuation of the proceedings in his absence impracticable. \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7688 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 Section 10 merely spells out what is considered under the British system of justice, which Fiji }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7688 follows to b}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 e the requirements of a fair}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7688 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 hearing. Under}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7688 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 subsection (8) the Constitution requires that any court or other authority required or empowered by law to determine the existence or }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7688 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 extent of any civil right or obligation shall be independent and impartial. Any person appearing before such court or authori}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7688 ty must he g}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 iven a fair trial. \par \par The proceedings before the Committee was not strictly a trial and there was no prosecutor but the proceedings were in th e nature of a trial in that the applicant faced a charge which was in fact of a criminal nature preferred against him by the Committee and witnesses were called by the Committee and examined by the Committee. It behoved the Committee, }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7688 there}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7100301 fore,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7688 to }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 follow basic principles of natural justice and fair play and ensure that the applicant was given a fair hearing. \par \par Mr Geoffre}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7688 y Caston,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 the Vice}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11756905 -}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 Chancellor of the Univ}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7688 ersity in his affidavit stated:-}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7688\charrsid11756905 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7688 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1206555 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 4. The procedure for hearing the complaints is and has been a matter for the Discipline Committee to determine}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7100301 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 within the terms of the above Regulations. The procedures it has adopted and continues to apply are as follows:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7688 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11756905 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7688 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid7688 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7688\charrsid7100301 (a)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7688\charrsid11756905 The student is notified of the complaint, the time, and the place of the meeting. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7688 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7688 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid7688 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7688\charrsid7100301 (b)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7688\charrsid11756905 At the meeting the student is informed of the complaint and is asked to speak on them and to then withdraw from the hearing. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7688 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7688 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid7688 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7688\charrsid7100301 (c)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7688\charrsid11756905 Other people (witnesses) are invited to make statements, are questioned by the Committee, and then asked to withdraw from the hearing. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7688 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7688 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid7688 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7688\charrsid7100301 (d)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7688\charrsid11756905 The Committee considers the complaint and the evidence. It may recall the student or the witnesses to clarify any points. It then decides on the case. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7688 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7688 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid7688 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7688\charrsid7100301 (e)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7688\charrsid11756905 The student is recalled and informed of the decision and his right of appeal against the decision. This is confirmed in writing.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1206555 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7688 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11756905 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7688 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 The procedure indicates that the applicant was called first and was not }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7688\charrsid11756905 present }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7688 when}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 the witnesses against him gave their evidence later a reversal of the order which a trial would follow. He did not in fact at the time know who those witnesses were because it is the practice at the University n}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7688 ot to disclose the names of wit}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 nesses. This is said to be because witnesses will not come forward to give evidence unless their identity is kept secret for fear of reprisals from the person accused or his supporters.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7688\charrsid11756905 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 The University authorities do not profess to be lawyers or learned in the law. Their task in keeping discipline in a university with so many ethnic groups is an extremely difficult one but that can not excuse disregard for the principles of fair}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7688 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 play that are cherished in a democratic country and indeed is entrenched in our Constitution where a person is charged with a serious offence that could lead to his expulsion. \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7688 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 The Committee should in this instance have confined its activities to dealing with a charge of misconduct as defined in the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7688 Regulations. It is defined as:-}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7688\charrsid11756905 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7100301 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1206555 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 5. Misconduct shall includ}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7100301 e any conduct which is o}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 r tends to be subversive of discipline or which tends to bring discredit on the Universit y or students thereof and includes the breach of any Statute}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7100301 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 Ordinance, Regulation or Rule of the University.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1206555 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11756905 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 \par If the procedure provided by Regulation 6 was followed either the Chairman of the Discipline Committee or the Director of Community Services would have enquired into the complaint against the applicant and the complaint forwarded to the Registrar.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7688\charrsid11756905 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 In the instant case where an alleged criminal offence had in fact been committed the matter should have been reported to the police. If the police did not take action }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7100301 o}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 r if it did and the applicant had been convicted the Committee could then be directed by its Chairman to inquire whether there had been misconduct by the applicant as defined in Regulation (5) necessitating further action by the Committee.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7688\charrsid11756905 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 Whether a fight between two students is}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7688 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1206555 '}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 misconduct}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1206555 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 as defined is a matter I do not have to decide but the Committee was not authorised by}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7688 the regulations to }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1206555 "}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7688 try}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1206555 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7688 a cr}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 im}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7688 inal}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 offence. That is what it purported to do in a manner which is alleged to have been unfair to the applicant. \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7688 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 Mr Maharaj relies on the Privy Council case of }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7688\charrsid7688 University of }{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid7688 Ceylon }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7688\charrsid7688 v}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid7688 F}{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7688\charrsid7688 e}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid7688 r}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7688\charrsid7688 nan}{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid7688 d}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7688\charrsid7688 o}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 (1960) 1 All E.R. 631. This was a }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7688 case}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7100301 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7688 in }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 some}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7688 respects like the instant case}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7100301 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 where there was an allegation of a breach of natural justice. \par \par The witnesses in that case at the Commission of Inquiry were not questioned in the presence and hearing of the Student who was accused of cheating. Two witnesses were in fact questioned by only one member of the Commission.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15474764\charrsid11756905 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 The Privy Council held that the fact}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15474764 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 that the Commission did not tender any witnesses for cross}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11756905 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 examination was not a failure to comply with the rules of natural justice but the position might have been different if the Student had asked to cross examine a witness, the woman student who had accused him of cheating, and the Commission refused to allow him to do so.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15474764\charrsid11756905 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15474764 In }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15474764\charrsid7100301 Fern}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid7100301 ando}{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1206555 '}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid7100301 s }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 case the student was not charged with a criminal offence and he was aware that it was the woman student who accused him of cheating. He could have asked to cross}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15474764 -}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 examine her but he did not do so. \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15474764 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 In the instant case the applicant may have assumed, quite incorrectly as the Committee}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1206555 '}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 s record show, that the student he was alleged to have assaulted might be a witness against him, but he was never told who the witnesses were or what their evidence was. The}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15474764 y}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 were interviewed after he had given his explanation. It is apparent from the procedure followed by the Disciplinary Committee that the names of witnesses would not have been disclosed even if he had asked for their names. \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15474764 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 Their Lordships in }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8074196\charrsid15474764 Fern}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8074196 ando}{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1206555 '}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8074196\charrsid15474764 s}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 case at p.638 quoted with approval a statement from,} {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15474764 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11756905 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 judgment of the Privy Council in }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid7822135 De Verteuil v. Knaggs}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 (1918) A.C. 557 at p.56}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15474764 :-}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15474764 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1206555 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 Their Lordships are of opinion that in making such an inquiry there is, ap}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15474764 art from special circumstances }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 a duty of giving to any person against whom the complaint is made a fair opportunity to make any relevant statement which he may desire to bring forward and }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid15474764 a fair}{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15474764\charrsid15474764 opportunity}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid15474764 to}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15474764\charrsid15474764 correct or control, }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15474764 controvert any}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15474764\charrsid15474764 rele}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid15474764 vant }{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15474764 statement brought forward}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid15474764 to his prejudice}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15474764\charrsid15474764 .}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1206555 "}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid15474764 (emphasis added). \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11756905 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 \par I can not see how the inquiry in the instant case }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15474764 can be considered fair. The pro}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 cedure adopted would permit any person with a grudge against the applicant to make statements to his detriment which the applicant would not be p}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15474764 ermitted to correct or controvert}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 because he would not know who had made the statements.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15474764\charrsid11756905 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 The Record of the Committee}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1206555 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 s proceedings indicate another serious breach. The Committee noted in its record of the pro}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15474764 ceedings against the applicant:-}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15474764 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15474764 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1206555 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 (v)}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11756905 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 the comment by the Director of Community Services that MALAKAI TUIULUPONA was }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1206555 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 an expert in evasive tactics}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1206555 '}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 when complaints against him have been investigated.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1206555 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15474764 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15474764\charrsid11756905 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11756905 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 This was a highly prejudicial statement not relevant to the issue of deciding the applicant}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1206555 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 s guilt. Despite the Committee}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1206555 '}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 s apparent ignorance of what constitutes na}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15474764 tural justice I }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 would have thought any educated person would have appreciated that the Director}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1206555 '}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 s statement should not have been made and when made should have been }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15474764\charrsid11756905 ignored}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 . What effect it had on the members of the Committee is not known. In a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15474764 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 court of law admission of such evidence would result in a conviction being set aside by an appellate court.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15474764\charrsid11756905 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 While on the subject of the Committee}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1206555 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 s Record, the Complainant Tevita Ofa is not recorded as being a witness against Malakai. He was charged with an offence and}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15474764 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 in his defence or explanation he is recorded as having said (inter alia) the following:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15474764 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15474764\charrsid11756905 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15474764 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1206555 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 he would not remember much afterwards except that he saw Hema, Malakai and another Samoan student running after them. He had been pu}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7552160 nched by both Malakai and Hema.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1206555 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11756905 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 \par In considering Malaka}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7552160 i}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1206555 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15474764 s}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 guilt the Committee noted:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15474764\charrsid11756905 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15474764 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1206555 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 (1) that Te}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15474764 v}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 it}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15474764 a Ofa had positively identified Malakai Tuiulupona as the }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 p}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15474764 ers}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 o}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15474764 n}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 punching him on Sunday 10 March, 1985.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1206555 "}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15474764 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15474764\charrsid11756905 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11756905 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 This is an apparent reference to what Ofa said in his defence. \par \par The Committee chose to ignore the evidence of Apelu Aiavao a sub}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11756905 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 warden. Not only was the witness a sub}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11756905 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 warden he was also an independent witness whose evidence was entitled to consideration.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15474764\charrsid11756905 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 He is recorded as saying:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15474764\charrsid11756905 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15474764 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1206555 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 Aiavao said that on reflection he w as not able to say for sure whether Naseri, Enari and Tuiulupona had actually punched Tevita Ofa, he could only identify Hema Vialu (FSM student) as definitely punching Tevita Ofa.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1206555 "}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11756905 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15474764 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15474764\charrsid11756905 With such evidence no co}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7822135 urt of law would in my view be }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1206555 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15474764\charrsid11756905 satisfied beyond reasonable doubt,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1206555 "}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15474764\charrsid11756905 which is th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7822135 e standard required in criminal }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15474764\charrsid11756905 actions, that Malakai punched Ofa. Acceptance of the Director}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1206555 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15474764\charrsid11756905 s highly prejudicial and improper comments in the circumstance s could have had the effect of the Committee refusing to accept Malakai}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1206555 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15474764\charrsid11756905 s denial}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15474764 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15474764\charrsid11756905 that he had punched Ofa. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11756905 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15474764 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15474764 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15474764\charrsid11756905 de Smith in his Judicial Review of Administrative Action. 4th Edition, at p.226 sta}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15474764 tes:-}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15474764\charrsid11756905 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11756905 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15474764\charrsid11756905 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15474764 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1206555 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 it is now clear that disciplinary proceedings in higher educational institutions have to be conducted in conformity with natural justice, provided at least that penalty imposed or}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15474764 liable to be imposed is severe and, probably}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 that not only academic performance is being taken into account. The courts have yet to dr aw distinctions between situations where the student has a status based on membership of a corporation or contractual rights and situations where he has no such interest. The possibility of recourse to the visitor almost certainly excludes their superviso ry jurisdiction where natural justice is in issue. The application of the rules of natural }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15474764\charrsid11756905 justice}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 has }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15474764 not been confined to such situa}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 tions: they extend in a modified }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15474764 form to }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 cases where a student is to be refused re}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15474764 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 admission to a } {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15474764\charrsid11756905 university}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 for academic failure and the university authorities have a discretion whether or not to readmit}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15474764 him in }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 which case they must he prepared to afford him an opportunity to make representations on his own behalf.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1206555 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11756905 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1206555 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid1726237 I have considered the case of }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid1726237 Gl}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15474764\charrsid1726237 ynn v }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid1726237 Keele University}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid1726237 (1971 ) 1 W.L.R. 4}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1726237 8}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid1726237 7 one of the cases which Professor de Smith refers to as authority for his statement. In that case there was a clear case of a breach of natural justice because the undergraduate was given no hearing at all. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15683643 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid1726237 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11756905 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid1726237 Pennycuick V-C, in that case exper ienced considerable difficulty in deciding to refuse to grant an injunction although satisfied there had been a breach of natural justice. The case}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1726237 ,}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid1726237 however}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1726237 , is}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid1726237 authority for the proposition that disciplinary proceedings in higher educational institutions must be conducted in conformity with natural justice. \par \par The applicant was given a hearing but I am}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1726237 satisfied on the facts that in}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid1726237 the instant case there was not a fair hearing for the reasons I have referred to earlier in his judgment. \par \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 One of the persons who filed an affidavit in support of the Committee}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1206555 '}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 s actions was Mr Frank Smith, a warden of the University. He was a former Police Officer. He stated that one of his duties was to investigate complaints. He had often to give undertakings not to disclose na mes of witnesses because they feared reprisals. Mr Smith supported the practice of not letting an accused student know the identity of the witnesses against him.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 \par Mr Smith, although a former Polic}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643 e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 Officer, may ha}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643 ve had some knowledge of prison}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 investigations where the rules are modified.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 \par The fear of reprisals may in some circumstances justify curtailing the opportunity of the accused }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1726237 t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 o face and cross}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11756905 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 examine his}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643 accusers de }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 Smith at p. 226}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11756905 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643 states:-}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15683643 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1206555 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643 I}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 n recognition of the state interest in the difficulties of prison administration, the Supreme Court of the United States has given on}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643 ly a limited content to the consti}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 tu}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643 ti}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 onal right to du}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1726237 e process in this context}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1206555 "}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1726237 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15683643 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11756905 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 The Vice}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11756905 -}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 Chancellor has in his affidavit requested this Court to put its seal of approval on the procedure the Disciplinary Committee has allowed in this case. I appreciate the problems he faces but I am not prepared to treat the University as an institution akin to a prison}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 and relax the rules of natural justice in a case like the instant one where the severity of the sentence could result in the applicant, who is in his final year, not completing his studies. He is a Samoan student, probably here on a Government s cholarship, who I am informed has had to return to Samoa because of Fiji}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1206555 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 s immigration laws. \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 All law enforcement authorities experience trouble with witnesses. Witnesses who give evidence in our Courts of Law also have to face possible reprisals. Many gui lty persons evade punishment because of the fear by witnesses of reprisals or}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 refusal to give evidence for other reasons. Yet it has been said many times that it is better that ten guilty men go free than one innocent }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643 man be convicted by failure to g}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 ive him a fair trial.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1726237 It may b}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 e of some comfort to the university authori}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643 ties to appreciate that }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 where universities are concerned and}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643 where as }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 in this case no procedure is laid down wh}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643 ich the Committee had to follow}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1726237 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 the Courts have a discretion whether to give relief to an applicant even if satisfied there has been a breach of natural justice.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 \par The Court will refuse relief in cases where the offence is trivial and punishment light}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643 . In the instant case,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 if the Co}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643 mmittee had fined the applicant,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 he may not have come to this Court. That would probably be the penalty }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643 imposed on him by a Court of law.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 I do not by my foregoing remarks advocate that the procedure adopted by the Committee should be scrapped and replaced. Each case must be dealt with on its merits. }{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid1726237 Fernando}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1206555 '}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid1726237 s}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 case indicates that what might appear to be a breach of natural justice in most other cases is not}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 so in a case such as his. The Privy Council considered there was sufficient compliance with}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11756905 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 the rules of natural justice in his case. \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 If}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 the existing procedure into be followed in the future I would suggest the following changes:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11296277 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 1. When the student attends the meeting h}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643 e should be informed of the com}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 plaint against him and asked if he admits the charge of alleged misconduct. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11756905 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11296277 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 2. If he denies it he should be asked to retire and not at that stage answer the complaint. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11756905 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11296277 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 3. Witnesses would then be called and questioned by the Committee. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11756905 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11296277 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 4. The student should then be recalled and he should be informed of the evidence against him and asked for an explanation. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11756905 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11296277 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 5. Names of witnesses would not be disclosed at that stage. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11756905 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11296277 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 6. If however, the student asks to cross}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11756905 -}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 examine any witness he should be allowed to do so. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11756905 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 \par That procedure has the stamp of approval of the Privy Council in }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11296277 Fernando}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1206555 '}{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11296277 s }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 case; but in my view where the charge is serious one which could call for his expulsion there can be no relaxation of the rules pertaining to a fair hearing. The answer to the Committee}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1206555 '}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 s problem where a criminal offence is concerned is to defer dealing with the case until the police have dealt with the matter.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 \par If the police decline to prosecute and the committee consider the matter serious and have in mind expulsion the student must be given the opportunity of cross}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643 -}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 examining witnesses. He would be charged with }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643 misconduct tending to be subver}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 sive of discipline in that for example he was fighting on the Campus. He should not be charged with a criminal offence which the Committee has no jurisdiction to}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1206555 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643 try}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1206555 "}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 The applicant succeeds. I quash the decision of the Discip}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11296277 linary Committee of the 3rd May,}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 1985 excluding the applicant from the University for the remainder of 1985. It follows that any later confirmation of that decision is a nullity.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid11756905 \par The applicant is to have the costs of this application. \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643 \par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid15683643 Order for certiorari.}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid1206555 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15683643 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643 Kermode, J.}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15683643\charrsid15683643 \par }}