{\rtf1\adeflang1025\ansi\ansicpg1252\uc1\adeff31507\deff0\stshfdbch31505\stshfloch31506\stshfhich31506\stshfbi0\deflang1033\deflangfe1033\themelang1033\themelangfe0\themelangcs0{\fonttbl{\f0\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times};}
{\f3\fbidi \froman\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 05050102010706020507}Symbol;}{\f34\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02040503050406030204}Cambria Math;}{\f38\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0604030504040204}Tahoma;}
{\flomajor\f31500\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times};}{\fdbmajor\f31501\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times};}
{\fhimajor\f31502\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02040503050406030204}Cambria;}{\fbimajor\f31503\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times};}
{\flominor\f31504\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times};}{\fdbminor\f31505\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times};}
{\fhiminor\f31506\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020f0502020204030204}Calibri;}{\fbiminor\f31507\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times};}
{\f336\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times};}{\f337\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times};}{\f339\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times};}
{\f340\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times};}{\f341\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times};}{\f342\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times};}
{\f343\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times};}{\f344\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times};}{\f676\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Cambria Math CE;}
{\f677\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Cambria Math Cyr;}{\f679\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Cambria Math Greek;}{\f680\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Cambria Math Tur;}{\f683\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Cambria Math Baltic;}
{\f684\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Cambria Math (Vietnamese);}{\f716\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Tahoma CE;}{\f717\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Tahoma Cyr;}{\f719\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Tahoma Greek;}
{\f720\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Tahoma Tur;}{\f721\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Tahoma (Hebrew);}{\f722\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Tahoma (Arabic);}{\f723\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Tahoma Baltic;}
{\f724\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Tahoma (Vietnamese);}{\f725\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset222\fprq2 Tahoma (Thai);}{\flomajor\f31508\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times};}
{\flomajor\f31509\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times};}{\flomajor\f31511\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times};}
{\flomajor\f31512\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times};}{\flomajor\f31513\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times};}
{\flomajor\f31514\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times};}{\flomajor\f31515\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times};}
{\flomajor\f31516\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times};}{\fdbmajor\f31518\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times};}
{\fdbmajor\f31519\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times};}{\fdbmajor\f31521\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times};}
{\fdbmajor\f31522\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times};}{\fdbmajor\f31523\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times};}
{\fdbmajor\f31524\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times};}{\fdbmajor\f31525\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times};}
{\fdbmajor\f31526\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times};}{\fhimajor\f31528\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Cambria CE;}{\fhimajor\f31529\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Cambria Cyr;}
{\fhimajor\f31531\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Cambria Greek;}{\fhimajor\f31532\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Cambria Tur;}{\fhimajor\f31535\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Cambria Baltic;}
{\fhimajor\f31536\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Cambria (Vietnamese);}{\fbimajor\f31538\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times};}{\fbimajor\f31539\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times};}
{\fbimajor\f31541\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times};}{\fbimajor\f31542\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times};}
{\fbimajor\f31543\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times};}{\fbimajor\f31544\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times};}
{\fbimajor\f31545\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times};}{\fbimajor\f31546\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times};}
{\flominor\f31548\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times};}{\flominor\f31549\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times};}
{\flominor\f31551\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times};}{\flominor\f31552\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times};}
{\flominor\f31553\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times};}{\flominor\f31554\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times};}
{\flominor\f31555\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times};}{\flominor\f31556\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times};}
{\fdbminor\f31558\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times};}{\fdbminor\f31559\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times};}
{\fdbminor\f31561\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times};}{\fdbminor\f31562\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times};}
{\fdbminor\f31563\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times};}{\fdbminor\f31564\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times};}
{\fdbminor\f31565\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times};}{\fdbminor\f31566\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times};}{\fhiminor\f31568\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Calibri CE;}
{\fhiminor\f31569\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Calibri Cyr;}{\fhiminor\f31571\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Calibri Greek;}{\fhiminor\f31572\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Calibri Tur;}
{\fhiminor\f31575\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Calibri Baltic;}{\fhiminor\f31576\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Calibri (Vietnamese);}{\fbiminor\f31578\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times};}
{\fbiminor\f31579\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times};}{\fbiminor\f31581\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times};}
{\fbiminor\f31582\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times};}{\fbiminor\f31583\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times};}
{\fbiminor\f31584\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times};}{\fbiminor\f31585\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times};}
{\fbiminor\f31586\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times};}}{\colortbl;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue255;\red0\green255\blue255;\red0\green255\blue0;\red255\green0\blue255;\red255\green0\blue0;
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\af0\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs16 \sbasedon10 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \styrsid10451759 annotation reference;}{\s48\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs20\alang1025 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\f31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext48 \slink49 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \styrsid10451759 annotation text;}{\*\cs49 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
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\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31507\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon49 \slink50 \slocked \ssemihidden \styrsid10451759 Comment Subject Char;}{
\s52\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af38\afs16\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs16\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\f38\hich\af38\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 
\sbasedon0 \snext52 \slink53 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \styrsid10451759 Balloon Text;}{\*\cs53 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af38\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \f38\fs16\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon10 \slink52 \slocked \ssemihidden \styrsid10451759 
Balloon Text Char;}{\s54\ql \li0\ri0\sb100\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
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\snext56 \shidden \ssemihidden \styrsid2436451 Revision;}{\*\cs57 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf17 \sbasedon10 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \styrsid2436451 Hyperlink;}}{\*\listtable{\list\listtemplateid-1972279288\listhybrid{\listlevel
\levelnfc10\levelnfcn10\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'00;}{\levelnumbers;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hres0\chhres0 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat0
\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'00;}{\levelnumbers;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hres0\chhres0 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat0\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'00;}{\levelnumbers;}\rtlch\fcs1 
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{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat0\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'00;}{\levelnumbers;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hres0\chhres0 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0
\levelstartat0\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'00;}{\levelnumbers;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hres0\chhres0 }{\listname ;}\listid370422096}}{\*\listoverridetable{\listoverride\listid370422096\listoverridecount0\ls1}}{\*\pgptbl {\pgp\ipgp3\itap0
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{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\qr \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12460121 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 
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\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2971464 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\scaps\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14038501\charrsid14038501 
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\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Appellate Jurisdiction
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\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 APENISA \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 SEDUADUA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4926838\charrsid14038501 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 AND SIX OTHERS}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12460121 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7302256\charrsid14038501 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12460121 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 
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\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12460121 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 REGINAM}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12460121 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12460121 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Cullinan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4926838\charrsid14038501 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14038501 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  J.
\par 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 19 July 1984}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12460121 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7302256\charrsid14038501 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 S. R. Shankar }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 for the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4926838\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 1
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 st,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th & 6th Appellants}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15432364\charrsid14038501 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 V}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15432364\charrsid14038501 
.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Kalyan\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 for the 7th Appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 M. Raza }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 for Respondent\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 . 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7302256\charrsid14038501 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Trade Disputes}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15432364\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2436451\charrsid14038501 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 45 \\f "Sym
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\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Trade Disputes Act s.14}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15432364\charrsid14038501 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2436451\charrsid14038501 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 45 \\f "Symbol" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f3\fs24}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2436451\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 onus of
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7302256\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 proof}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15432364\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2436451\charrsid14038501 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 45 \\f "Symbol" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f3\fs24}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2436451\charrsid14038501 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
not shown that appellants knew or had reasonable cause to know that probable consequences of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7302256\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 action would deprive public of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7302256\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
electricity}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 . 
\par 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Appeal against a conviction in the Magistrate's court at Lautoka that \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
appellants wilfully broke their contract of service contrary to s.14(1) of Trade Disputes Act (Cap. 97) (the Act). The offence and particulars were as follows: 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7302256\charrsid14038501 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3629965 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "Statement }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7302256\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7302256\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Offence
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12460121 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7302256\charrsid14038501 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3629965 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 W}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7302256\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ilfully }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 breaking contract of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7302256\charrsid14038501 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 service}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 : Contrary to Section 14(1) (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ) and Section 38 of the Trade Disputes Act, (Cap. 97). 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12460121 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15432364\charrsid14038501 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3629965 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 P}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7302256\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ar}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ticulars of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7302256\charrsid14038501 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Offence
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12460121 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7302256\charrsid14038501 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3629965 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Apenisa Seduadua, Kepieni Pesamino, Josefa Anise, Maleli Raileqe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15432364\charrsid14038501 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Josevata Valacakau, Luke Vosa and Merea Pathak in combination with other members }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16412119\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 Fiji Electricity Authority Staff Association and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16412119\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  National Union of Electricity Workers between the 22nd day of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14558657\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
October, 1982 and the 26th day of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15432364\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 October 1982 (both days inclusive) at Lautoka in the Western Division being in the employment of the Fi\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ji Electricity Authority did wilfully break their contracts of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7302256\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 service knowing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7302256\charrsid14038501 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 or having reason to believe that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7302256\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
the probable consequence of their so doing would deprive the public to a great extent of an essential service, namely, Electricity Services}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15432364\charrsid14038501 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ."}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12460121 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 On 22 October}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15432364\charrsid14038501 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  1982 the appellants and some 100 members of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7302256\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
the Fiji Electricity Authority Staff Association withdrew outside headquarters building of the Authority in Lautoka before mid-day. The same day an undetermined number of employees in the Authority}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15432364\charrsid14038501 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 all members of the National Union of Electricity Workers also withdrew their services}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15432364\charrsid14038501 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16412119\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
as did substantial numbers of e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
mployees in Suva. The appellants and others remained away from work on Monday and Tuesday 22 and 23 and 26}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16412119\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  October
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15432364\charrsid14038501 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16412119\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 1982. On the last da\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 y}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15432364\charrsid14038501 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  an agreement was successfully negotiated with management and all employees returned to work. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16412119\charrsid14038501 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Section 14(1) of the Trade Disputes Act (Cap. 97) reads as follows: 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16412119\charrsid14038501 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11293569 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "14.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16528099\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 (1) Any person who wilfully breaks his contract of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16412119\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
service, knowing or having reaso\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 nable cause to believe that the probable consequences of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16412119\charrsid14038501 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 his so doing, either alone or in combination with others will be-
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2971464 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5183691\charrsid14038501 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11293569 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ) to deprive the public, or any section }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16412119\charrsid14038501 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  public wholly or to a great extent of an essential service, or substant
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ially to diminish the enjoyment of that service by the public or by any section of the p}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13503634\charrsid14038501 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 u}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 blic; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5183691\charrsid14038501 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11293569 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5183691\charrsid14038501 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11293569 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 or 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11293569 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13503634\charrsid14038501 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11293569 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ) to endanger human life or cause serious bodily injury or to expose valuable property whether real or personal, to destruction, deterioration or seriou
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s damage, 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12460121 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11293569 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 shall be guilty of an offence." 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12460121 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13503634\charrsid14038501 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
Grounds of appeal to the Supreme Court included that the prosecution had failed to prove beyond reasonable doubt that th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12462693\charrsid14038501 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e appellants know or had reason}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 able cause to believe the probable consequences of}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13503634\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  their ac\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 tions would be to "dep}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rive the public to a great extent of an essential service namely electricity services". 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13503634\charrsid14038501 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Kermode, J. in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Gyanendra Singh}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Cr. App. No. 53/1977 after referring to the mens rea (knowing or having belief etc.) stated: 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13503634\charrsid14038501 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11293569 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "It is not necessa\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ry for the prosecution to prove that harmful consequences were intended as a res}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13503634\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 u}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 lt }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16412119\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  breach of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13503634\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 contract provided the conduct constituting the breach was intended." 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12460121 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13503634\charrsid14038501 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 In Citrine's Trade Union Law 3rd Edition at page 526 the author wrote: 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13503634\charrsid14038501 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11293569 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "It is suff\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 icient to show that such consequences were probable and that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12462693\charrsid14038501 ,}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 at the time of the breach the accused knew or had reasonable cause to believe that they would result from his conduct. The onus of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13503634\charrsid14038501 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 proof}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13503634\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
on the prosecution}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13503634\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 will be discharged by showing that cir\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
cumstances of which the accused knew, or must have known were such as would have led any reasonable man to believe that such consequences would probably ensue." 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12460121 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13503634\charrsid14038501 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The learned author goes on to discuss the term "that the probable consequences" and says. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13503634\charrsid14038501 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11293569 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 It should be noted that the actual consequences are not material}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12462693\charrsid14038501 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 except in so far as they are evidence of what was probable. It is therefore not sufficient to prove that the actual consequences were to deprive the public of their supply (in the instant ca\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 se an essential service) i}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13503634\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 f }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 such consequences were improbable in the circumstances." 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12460121 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13503634\charrsid14038501 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 In the instant case it appeared that the evidence established that there was no deprivation of services to the pu}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13503634\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 lic. 
\par 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 His Lordship said: 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13503634\charrsid14038501 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11293569 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "It must be emphasised that\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  the mischief}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13503634\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 which section 14 seeks to prevent is the deprivation to a great extent of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13503634\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
an essential service. The test to be applied is not that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16412119\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  nature of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13503634\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 an employee's work but the extent of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13503634\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
his knowledge or belief as to the proba}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13503634\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 le consequence of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13503634\charrsid14038501 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 breaking his contract. The question whether}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13503634\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
or not an employee is an essential worker within any such service may well }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7306883\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e relevant however in determining his knowledge or belief as to such consequences." 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12460121 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13503634\charrsid14038501 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Held}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 : .....}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7306883\charrsid14038501 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 .. The totality of the evidence indic\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ated that for the three days involved there was little or no disruption in the administration }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16412119\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Authority, and no deprivation whatever of service to the public. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13503634\charrsid14038501 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 There was no doubt that whilst no deprivation of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13503634\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
service to the public occur}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13503634\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 red, sooner \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 or later}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7306883\charrsid14038501 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 considering the very numbers involved, and whether or not such numbers included "essential workers" deprivation would have resulted. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13503634\charrsid14038501 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 On all the evidence there was no evidence of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13503634\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
deprivation of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13503634\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 an essential service, as there was in other cases c\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ited in the appeal. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13503634\charrsid14038501 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 It was not proved beyond reasonable dou}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13503634\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 t tha}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13503634\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 t appellants knew or had reason}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 able cause to belief that the probable consequence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13503634\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s of their actions, even in com}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 bination with other members of the Staff Association and of members of the Na\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 tional Union of Electricity Workers, would be to deprive the public of to a great extent of electricity. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13503634\charrsid14038501 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Appeals allowed. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13503634\charrsid14038501 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Convictions and sentences set aside. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13503634\charrsid14038501 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Cases referred to: 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13503634\charrsid14038501 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 D}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13503634\charrsid14038501 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 PP}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13503634\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Gyanendra Singh & Others}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  23 FLR 134. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13503634\charrsid14038501 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10451759\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 D2 26 R v }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Taniela Veilata}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 23 FLR 294. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6105113\charrsid14038501 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Dhansukhlal & Ors v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3090043\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 24 FLR 126. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6105113\charrsid14038501 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \scaps\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2436451\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Cullinan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3090043\charrsid14038501 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Mr Justice. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6105113\charrsid14038501 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3090043 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Judgment
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12460121 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6105113\charrsid14038501 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
The appellants and approximately 100 other members of the Fiji Electricity Authority Staff Association withdrew outside the headquarters building of the Authorit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6105113\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 y}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  in Lautoka
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  before mid-da}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6105113\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 y}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  on Frida}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6105113\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 y}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6105113\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 22nd October 1982. That same day}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  an undertermined number of employees in the Authority}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  all me}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6105113\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 m}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 bers of th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6105113\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  National Union of Electricity Workers also withdrew their services. Apparently a substantial number of employees in Suva d
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 id likewise. The appellants and others remained awa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6105113\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 y}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  from work on Monday and Tuesda}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6105113\charrsid14038501 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 y}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  23rd and 26th October. On the latter date an agreement was successf}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6105113\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ully}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  negotiated with management}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6105113\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 through the ages of the Ministry and all employees r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6105113\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 tu}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6105113\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rn}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ed to work o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6105113\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  W\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ednesda}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6105113\charrsid14038501 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 y 27th October}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6105113\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  1982.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6105113\charrsid14038501 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12460121 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf18\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Section 14(1) of the Trade Disputes Act,\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  97 reads as follows:
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2250598 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf18\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "14.\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 (1) Any person who wilfully breaks his contract of\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 service, knowing or having reasonable cause to believe that\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 the probable consequences of\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 his so doing, eith\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 er alone or in combination with others will be-
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12460121 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf18\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid2250598 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf18\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 (a) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf18\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 to deprive the public, or any section of\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 the public wholly or to a great extent of\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 an essential service, or subs\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 tantially to diminish the enjoy\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ment of that service by the public or by any section of the \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 public; }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf18\insrsid2843509\charrsid14038501 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2250598 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf18\insrsid2843509\charrsid14038501 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid2250598 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf18\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 or
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2250598 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf18\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid2250598 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf18\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 (b) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf18\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 to endanger human life or cause serious bodily }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf19\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 injury }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf18\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 or to expose valuable property whether real or pers\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 onal, to destruction, deteriora\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 tion or serious damage, 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2584381 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf18\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\ql \li567\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid2584381 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf18\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 shall be guilty of an offence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf20\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf21\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12460121 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf21\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf18\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 There }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf21\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 are }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf18\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 a number of grounds of appeal fil\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ed by the appellants}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf20\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 . 
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf19\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 One }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf18\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ground }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf21\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 which }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf18\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 is common to all appellants}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf22\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf18\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
is that the prosecution failed to prove beyond reasonable doubt that the appellants knew or had reasonable cause to believe that the probable consequences of\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 their
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 actions would be "to dep\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rive the public to a great extent of an essential }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf21\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 service}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf20\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf18\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
namely, electricity services}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf22\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf21\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf18\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The provi\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 sions of\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 section 14}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf18\insrsid6389380\charrsid14038501 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf18\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  were considered by Kermode\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf18\insrsid2843509\charrsid14038501 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf18\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf18\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 DPP
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 v. Gyanendra Singh }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf18\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 & }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\cf18\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Others }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf18\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\cf18\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The Fiji Waterside Workers }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf18\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 & }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\cf18\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Seamen's Union }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf18\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 and also Grant C. \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 J
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 . i\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 n }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf18\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Taniela Veitata v. R }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf21\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf18\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 In the latter case Grant \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 C. J
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 . observed at pp. 10/11. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf18\insrsid6389380\charrsid14038501 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13974762 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf21\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "Some }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf18\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 discussion took place on the hearing of the appeal as to the precise meaning to be attached to subsection 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf18\insrsid3674634\charrsid14038501 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf18\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 which is based on sections 4 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf21\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf18\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 5 of the English Conspiracy\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  and Protection of Property Act 1875}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf18\insrsid3674634\charrsid14038501 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf18\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  the history of which may be\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 found in Citrine's Trade Union Law 3rd Edition Chapter \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 1\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 . The subsection is aimed primarily at preventing damage to the public weal arising from disruption of\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf21\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 an }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf18\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 essential service. This co
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ul\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 d arise in certain circumstan\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ces from }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf21\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 a wilful }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf18\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 breach }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf21\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf18\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 contract of\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf21\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 service }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf18\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf21\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 only one }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf18\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 person }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf21\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 in a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf18\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 key posi\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 tion}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf18\insrsid3674634\charrsid14038501 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf18\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf21\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 such as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf18\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 an }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf21\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 air }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf18\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 traffic controller}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf20\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf18\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 or in other circumstances only by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf21\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf18\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 combination }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf21\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf18\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 persons wilfully breaking their contracts }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf21\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf18\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 service}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf20\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 . }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf18\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 A\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 n apposite example of the latter is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf21\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf18\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 dock }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf19\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 l}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf21\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 abourer}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf21\insrsid1258653\charrsid14038501 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf21\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf18\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 In the ordinary way his breach of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf21\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 contract }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf18\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf21\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 service }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf18\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 would not result in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf21\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf18\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 disruption }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf21\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of an essential }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf18\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 service rendering him liable to prosecution under this }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf21\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 subsection}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf22\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf18\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 But if he combined with other doc\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
k labourers}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf18\insrsid1258653\charrsid14038501 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf18\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf21\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 all of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf18\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 whom }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf21\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 wilfully }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf18\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 broke their contracts of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf21\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 service }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf18\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf21\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 a sufficient }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf18\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 number to disrupt the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf21\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 essential service of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf18\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 the port }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf21\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf18\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 docks}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf18\insrsid1258653\charrsid14038501 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf18\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf21\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 each of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf18\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 them would become liable to prosecution}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf23\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf21\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12460121 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf21\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 With }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf18\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 those }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf21\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 observations 
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf18\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 I }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf21\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 respectfully agree. When }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf18\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 it }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf21\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 comes\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf18\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 the phrase }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf21\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "prob\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 able consequences" }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf18\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 I respectfully }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf21\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 adopt }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf18\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 the dicta }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf21\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Kermode 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf18\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf21\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Gyanendra Singh 
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf21\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf18\insrsid3154782\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 pp. 14/15: 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12460121 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13974762 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3023300\charrsid14038501 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Section 14(1) of the Act states the mens rea of the offence. There must be a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1258653\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 wilful}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3023300\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  breach}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11952051\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  of the contract of service knowing or having a re\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
asonable cause to believe that the probable consequences of such breach are those stated in sub-paragraphs (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11952051\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 a}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11952051\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ) and (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11952051\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11952051\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
). The breach must be deliberate and intentional. The necessary mens rea will be presumed from the actual or imputed knowledge of the perso\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 n breaking his contract as to the probable consequences of his conduct."}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3023300\charrsid14038501 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12460121 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1258653\charrsid14038501 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 It is not necessary for the prosecution to prove that harmful consequences were intended as a result }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16412119\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  breach of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10754179\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 contract provided the conduct constituting the breach was itself\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  intended. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10754179\charrsid14038501 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The learned author of Citrine's Trade Union Law 3rd Edition at page 526 states: 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10754179\charrsid14038501 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8547786 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "It is sufficient to show that such consequences were probable and that, at the time of the breach the accused knew or had reasonable cause to believe that they \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
would result from his conduct. The onus of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10754179\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 proof}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10754179\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
on the prosecution will be discharged by showing that circumstances of which the accused knew, or must have known were such as would have led any reasonable man to believe that such consequences would probab\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ly ensue." 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12460121 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10754179\charrsid14038501 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The learned}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10754179\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
author goes on to discuss the term "that the probable consequences" and says, 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10754179\charrsid14038501 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8547786 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "It should be noted that the actual consequences are not material, except in so far as they are evidence of what was probable. It is therefore not suff\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
icient to prove that the actual consequences were to deprive the public }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16412119\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ir supply (in the instant case an essential service) if}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10754179\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
such consequences were improbable in the circumstances."}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1258653\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12460121 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10754179\charrsid14038501 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The latter passages from Citrine (which work I regret is not a\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
vailable to me) were again quoted by Kermode }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10754179\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1258653\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
in his judgment in the case }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16412119\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1258653\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16412119\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 he}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Fiji Waterside Workers &}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10754179\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Seamen's Union}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  (at}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1258653\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 p. 52), where he applied them}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1258653\charrsid14038501 ,}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  to the particular facts }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8270071\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 case as follows: 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1258653\charrsid14038501 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8547786 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "In the instant case there was considerable evi\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 dence that the public were deprived of an essential service and of the disastrous effect of the strike. This evidence was material}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1258653\charrsid14038501 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 although it went a lot further }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8270071\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 than was necessary}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1258653\charrsid14038501 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 to establish that the consequences were probable. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12460121 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8270071\charrsid14038501 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8547786 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 While I agree there w\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 as no direct evidence that any of the appellants actually knew that such consequences would follow their breaches of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8270071\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
contract, the circumstances namely that the dockworkers would not load or unload vessels would lead any reasonable man to believe that the \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
consequences as alleged in the charge would probably ensue notwithstanding the alleged availability of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8270071\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 a pool of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8270071\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
labour and that the appellants knew and should have known the consequences would probably arise. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12460121 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1258653\charrsid14038501 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8547786 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Despite the alleged availability of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8270071\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 a pool o\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8270071\charrsid14038501 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 labour}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8270071\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
the clear evidence is that the probable consequences did in fact arise which as I have indicated is evidence that the probable consequences could arise as a result of the appellants' actions in going on strike and there by breaking their contracts
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  of service." 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12460121 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8270071\charrsid14038501 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 I find the above passages of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8270071\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
particular assistance. A glance at the Schedule to the Act listing essential services will serve to illustrate that there are surely some such s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8270071\charrsid14038501 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ervices where even a relatively }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 brief }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8270071\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 breach of contract of service\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  by}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  certain employees in sufficient number}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8270071\charrsid14038501 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  must }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8270071\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 be }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
inevitably lead to the depriv}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8270071\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ti}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8270071\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 on}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  of some section }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16412119\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 public of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8270071\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 such service to a great extent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1258653\charrsid14038501 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  many examples spring}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8270071\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 to mind}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1258653\charrsid14038501 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  which 
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11952051\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  do not consider necessary or desirabl}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13173075\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  to enumerate. Suffice it to\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 say that there must be many cases where it is obvious to the reasonable man that such deprivation is inevitable}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1258653\charrsid14038501 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  much less a probable consequence. At the other end of the scale however there may be cases of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13173075\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
breaches of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13173075\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 contract by employees in essential s\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ervices where such deprivation is not necessarily a probable consequence.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13173075\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 It}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13173075\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 must be remembered that section 14 does not necessaril}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13173075\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 y render unlawful a breach of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 contract by an employee in an essential service}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1724094\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  the section only has that effect where the emp\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
loyee knows or reasonably believes that public deprivation of such service will probably result from his actions. The question of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13173075\charrsid14038501 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
whether such deprivation is or is not a probable consequence, is of course relevant to the particular employee's knowledge or}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13173075\charrsid14038501 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 belief}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13173075\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
in the matter. In this respect, as the learned author}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13173075\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
of Citrine observed, "the actual consequences are not material, except in so far as they are evidence of what was probable." It will be seen therefore that evidence of the actual consequences may\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 well be relevant to the employee's knowledge thereof or belief therein. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13173075\charrsid14038501 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 In the present case the totality }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16412119\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 evidence established and the learned trial magistrate accepted, at least at one point in his judgment,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13173075\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 that there was no depriva}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 tion of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13173075\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 servi
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ce to the public. It was not contested that all generation and distribution staff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13173075\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
remained at their posts. The Engineer in charge of Systems Control testified indeed that his department operated normally, that all his staff had reported for work and there \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
never had been a time when they did not do so, that there was a contingency plan to cover any emergency in his department but it had never been put into operation. He observed that faults can arise "on a day like today." He testified however that in sever
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 a\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 l places distribution lines were damaged and that he "had to call people to fix}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13173075\charrsid14038501 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 them."}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1724094\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  H}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e did not}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13173075\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 elaborate on who such 'people' were. In any}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14558657\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 event he added "we get complaints every day". The learned trial magistrate observed that the witness further on te\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
stified that 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13173075\charrsid14038501 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15092009 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1724094\charrsid14038501 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 " ..}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 .... There were numerous consumers affecte}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13173075\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1724094\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13173075\charrsid14038501 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1724094\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13173075\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 distribution }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14558657\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 l}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13173075\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ines broken.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1724094\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13173075\charrsid14038501 ....}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1724094\charrsid14038501 ..........}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13443280\charrsid14038501 ........................................}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1724094\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 . 
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13443280\charrsid14038501 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Power lines were repaired by senior staff or people who did not go on strike. Generators broke down during 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 that period}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1724094\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1724094\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 senior staff and those on strike attended to it." 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12460121 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13173075\charrsid14038501 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The learned trial magistrate observed, 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1724094\charrsid14038501 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15092009 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13173075\charrsid14038501 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 " P.W.5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  (the Chief}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13173075\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
Accountant) stated that during the 3 days when the staff of the accounts section were away, some of the senior staff, including on\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
e of his accountants had to fill in for them and do their job. It is unnecessary to traverse the totality }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16412119\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of the}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 evidence on this issue in any further detail. Suffice it to say that in my view it establishes that senior staff had to do the work which under\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 normal circumstances would have been done by those who were not present. But this could only go on for a limited time. I find as a fact that there was more than a minor disruption which sooner or later would have led to a substantial disruption and event
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 u\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ally to complete chaos." 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12460121 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13173075\charrsid14038501 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The Chief}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13173075\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
Accountant had testified that during t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11952051\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 he three days involved some of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 his senior staff prepared computer input documents, but there was no immediate payment required however, nor was there any fin}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13173075\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ancial crisis, much less\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  any de}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 privation of service to the public. The System Control Engineer}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13173075\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 's evidence, re}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 produced above adduced mainly in re-examination, does not establish that it was unusual for senior staff to repair power lines and generators with or without the assistanc\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e of}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13173075\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "people who did not go on strike." }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13173075\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 His evidence adduced in examina}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
tion-in-chief as well as cross-examination, namely that all of his staff reported for duty was unaffected. It was not disputed that the "people who did not go on strike", for example Ge\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
neration Supervisors and System Controllers, were in fact all members }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16412119\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Staff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13173075\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Association. The General Manager referred to such persons as "responsible people". 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13173075\charrsid14038501 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 In this respect the learned trial magistrate observed, 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13173075\charrsid14038501 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15092009 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "A1 would have the Court believ\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e that they had stayed on the job because he had something to do }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13173075\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ith them and further that since they were "essential workers" they could not have walked off. I prefer and accept the evidence of P.W.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13173075\charrsid14038501 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  (the General Manager). In so far as it was maintained 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 otherwise, I am satisfied it is an afterthought." 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12460121 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13173075\charrsid14038501 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
That approach in my view completely overlooks the coincidence that apparently not one single member of the Staff Association who was engaged in the work of generation and distribution left his post; it al\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
so ignores the prosecution evidence on the point, namely that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16412119\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Systems Control Engineer, that the "Staff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13173075\charrsid14038501 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
Association, of which the first appellant was General Secretary, "could have withdrawn labourers under}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13173075\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 me" and that he assumed that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13173075\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
the members }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16412119\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 o\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 f the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Association at}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13173075\charrsid14038501 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
the Vuda National Control Centre "would take direction from (the) Secretary" in the matter. There was also the evidence of the first appellant in the matter which was corroborated by that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16412119\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 seventh appellant when she said that onl\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 y "not essential workers" would join a picket line. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13173075\charrsid14038501 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
The appellants contended that only non-essential workers had failed to work on the three days in question. It was the prosecution case that all employees }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16412119\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 Fiji Electricity Authority were "essentia\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 l workers". It might be argued that if all the employees }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16412119\charrsid14038501 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 Authority were in concert to commit an offence under section 14, without the protection of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13173075\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 section 17 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16412119\charrsid14038501 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 Act, each and every such employee might then be regarded as an essential worker emp\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
loyed in an essential service. I am not however entirely persuaded as to the merit of such proposition. Within any such essential service there must inevitably be degrees of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13173075\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
what is "essential", according to the work performed by an employee. The learned c\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ounsel for the appellants Mr Shankar and Mr Kalyan submit that to suggest}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13173075\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  as did two prosecution wit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 nesses}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2172498\charrsid14038501 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  that the ladies who serve tea in the Authority are "essential workers"}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2172498\charrsid14038501 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 and that the breach by them of their contracts of service would, though ulti\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 mately, through a chain reaction of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13173075\charrsid14038501 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 either sympathetic or disgruntled subsequent breaches by other employees}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2172498\charrsid14038501 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 lead to a deprivation of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13173075\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 an essential service to the public}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2172498\charrsid14038501 ,}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  is to deal in possib}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13173075\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
lities rather than probabilities. I am inclined to agree. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13173075\charrsid14038501 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 It m\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ust be emphasised that the mischief}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13173075\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
which section 14 seeks to prevent is the deprivation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2172498\charrsid14038501 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  to a great extent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2172498\charrsid14038501 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13173075\charrsid14038501 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13173075\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
an essential service.\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  The test to be applied is not that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16412119\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  nature of an employee's work}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2172498\charrsid14038501 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 but the extent of his knowledge or belief as to th\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e prob}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2172498\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
able consequence of breaking hi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s contract. The question of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13173075\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
whether or not an employee is an "essential worker" within any such service may well be relevant however}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13173075\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 in determining his knowledge or}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13173075\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 belief}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13173075\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 as to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13173075\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  such consequences. In this res}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 pect the le\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 arned trial magistrate did not accept the evidence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16412119\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 first appellant in the matter. He did not apparently accept that of the seventh appellant which}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2172498\charrsid14038501 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13173075\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  as I have said}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2172498\charrsid14038501 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  corroborated the former evidence. He made no reference to that of a defence witness w\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ho had served for 15 years with the Authority up to 1981}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2172498\charrsid14038501 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  having then attained the position of Financial Controller}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2172498\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 he testified that up to 1973 at least}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2172498\charrsid14038501 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  when he changed appointments within the Authority}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2172498\charrsid14038501 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  certain staff such as shift operators}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2172498\charrsid14038501 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2172498\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 itters an\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 d certain electrical staff were designated as essential workers. Again}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2172498\charrsid14038501 ,}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  the present Person}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14511512\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 nel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 Manager at least admitted to the contents of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14511512\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 a letter, apparently addressed by the Authority's Workshop Manager at Walu Bay, Suva, on 20th October, 1982}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2172498\charrsid14038501 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  to the U\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
nion Representative, informing the latter that there was a "new list of essential workers". 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14511512\charrsid14038501 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 In any event the totality of the evidence indicated that, for the three days involved, there was little or}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14511512\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 no disruption in the administration }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16412119\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Authority,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14511512\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 a\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
nd no deprivation whatever of service to the public. Further, the evidence indicated that the Staff Association and indeed the National Union of Electricity Workers wished to avoid any such deprivation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10682853\charrsid14038501 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  and of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14511512\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 course resultant criminal liability. As the fi\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rst appellant put it, "they (essential workers) would only leave if}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14511512\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
we told them all the formalities (presumably of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14511512\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 section 16) had been followed". The learned trial magistrate observed that the appellants held posts within the Association}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2172498\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  the latter evid\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ence raised the inference that, in keeping with the intentions }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16412119\charrsid14038501 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Association, they also wished}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14511512\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  to avoid any such deprivation.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14511512\charrsid14038501 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
The learned trial magistrate observed however that sooner or later there would have been "substantial disruption" leading "e\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ventually to co}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14511512\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 mplete chaos". }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 As I see it, everything depended on the intentions }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16412119\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  appellants. There is no doubt that whilst no deprivation of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14511512\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
service to the public occurred, sooner or later, considering the very numbers involved, and whether or not s\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
uch numbers included "essential workers", deprivation would have resulted. The learned counsel for the respondent Mr Raza submits that the appellants went on a wild cat strike, informing their superiors that they were staying out indefinitely. The learned
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 trial magistrate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14511512\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  accep}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ted that there had been some difficulty in negotiations between management and the Staff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14511512\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
Association, that strike action had been threatened,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14511512\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 but that the noti}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14511512\charrsid14038501 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14511512\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
a trade dispute had not been accepted by the Permanent Secretary. The\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  fact that the date }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16412119\charrsid14038501 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  contemplated strike was not stated in such notice is an indication }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16412119\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  prevailing indecision. There was clearly indecision on the morning of the 22nd October 1982, but whatever the catalyst may have been,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14511512\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
the decision was ulti\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 mately, and it seems hastily, made. For my part, I agree with the learned trial magistrate that a strike, and not}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14511512\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
a lock-out as claimed by the appellants,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14511512\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 occurred}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10682853\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 :}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  a few members of the Association remained working in the headquarters building at Lautoka. 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Nonetheless }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14511512\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 it}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  seems that even though the decision to strike may have been sudden, no doubt pre-conceived strike plans were put}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14511512\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
in operation and key personnel remained at their posts. . 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid97109\charrsid14038501 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The statement of indefinite withdrawal of services is in no way conc\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
lusive against the appellants}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid401204\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  a strike }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14511512\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
would}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  lose all effe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14511512\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
tiveness if its proposed duration were revealed to management in advance. While the appellants withdrew their services they physically withdrew no further than th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14511512\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e footpath outside the headquar}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ter\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s building for the remainder }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16412119\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  day,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14511512\charrsid14038501 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
and again on the Monday. They attended again on the Tuesday, while the first appellant journeyed to Suva to take part in negotiations. The learned trial magistrate stated that he had no doubt that had agreement not \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
been reached on the 26 October the appellants would not have returned to work on the 27th October, 1982. "The facts that they returned after the agreement was signed proves this," he said. There was no basis for such assumption. There is nothing}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14511512\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 to show}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14511512\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 th\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 at the appellants were reluctant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14511512\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
to return to work,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14511512\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 or}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14511512\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 were not eager to settle, nor indeed that they would not have returned to work in the absence of}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14511512\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 agreement, or even negotiation. To infer otherwise seems to me to have the effect of displacing the onus\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  of proof. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14511512\charrsid14038501 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 At the end }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16412119\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  day}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid401204\charrsid14038501 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 there was no evidence of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14511512\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 deprivation of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14511512\charrsid14038501 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 an essent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14558657\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 al service
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid401204\charrsid14038501 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 as there was in the cases of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14558657\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e.g. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
Gyanendra Singh}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  (air transport services) at p}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14558657\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 .4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  & 7}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14558657\charrsid14038501 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12991906\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Fiji Waterside Workers & Seamen's Union}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12991906\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  (port & docks services) at \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 p.52, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12991906\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Taniela Veitata}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12991906\charrsid14038501 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  (ports & docks services) at p.17 and also in the Court of Appeal case of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12991906\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
Dhansuklal & Ors\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12991906\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12991906\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12991906\charrsid14038501 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  (air transport services) at p.3. Bearing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid401204\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 in mind the steps taken by the S}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12991906\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 taff Association to ensure against a deprivation of service, and th\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
e extremely limited duration of th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14777925\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12991906\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  strike, pending negotiation and agreement, reflecting as they do the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid401204\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12991906\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ppellants' intentions in the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid401204\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 matter,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12991906\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  I do not}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14777925\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 see that it was proved beyond reasonable doubt that the appellants knew or had reasonable cause to belie\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ve that the probable consequences of their actions, even in combination with the other members of the Staff Association and the members of the National Union of Electricity Workers, would be to deprive the public to a great extent of electricity. Certainl
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 y\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  I am not satisfied that had the learned trial magistrate directed his mind to the evidence which I have detailed he would inevitably have convicted the appellants}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6041373\charrsid14038501 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14777925\charrsid14038501 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 There are other grounds of appeal which, in the view I take of the ground of appeal dealt w\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ith, I do not find necessary to consider. It would be unsafe to allow the convictions to stand. The appeals are allowed in respect of all the appellants and the convictions and sentence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid401204\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14777925\charrsid14038501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 are set aside.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14777925\charrsid14038501 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Appeals all\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 owed.
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